1
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Machida K, Tanaka R, Miki S, Noseda S, Yuasa-Sunagawa M, Imataka H. High-throughput screening for a SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting inhibitor using a cell-free protein synthesis system. Biotechniques 2024; 76:161-168. [PMID: 38293767 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed-1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) is a translational mechanism adopted by some viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. To find a compound that can inhibit -1 PRF in SARS-CoV-2, we set up a high-throughput screening system using a HeLa cell extract-derived cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system. A total of 32,000 compounds were individually incubated with the CFPS system programmed with a -1 PRF-EGFP template. Several compounds were observed to decrease the -1 PRF-driven fluorescence, and one of them had some suppressive effect on -1 PRF of a SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence in transfected cells. Thus the CFPS system can be used as a tool for a high-throughput screening of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Machida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, 671-2201, Japan
| | - Rin Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, 671-2201, Japan
| | - Seraya Miki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, 671-2201, Japan
| | - Shotaro Noseda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, 671-2201, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yuasa-Sunagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, 671-2201, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imataka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, 671-2201, Japan
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2
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Aleksashin NA, Chang STL, Cate JHD. A highly efficient human cell-free translation system. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:1960-1972. [PMID: 37793791 PMCID: PMC10653386 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079825.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems enable easy in vitro expression of proteins with many scientific, industrial, and therapeutic applications. Here we present an optimized, highly efficient human cell-free translation system that bypasses many limitations of currently used in vitro systems. This CFPS system is based on extracts from human HEK293T cells engineered to endogenously express GADD34 and K3L proteins, which suppress phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α. Overexpression of GADD34 and K3L proteins in human cells before cell lysate preparation significantly simplifies lysate preparation. We find that expression of the GADD34 and K3L accessory proteins before cell lysis maintains low levels of phosphorylation of eIF2α in the extracts. During in vitro translation reactions, eIF2α phosphorylation increases moderately in a GCN2-dependent fashion that can be inhibited by GCN2 kinase inhibitors. This new CFPS system should be useful for exploring human translation mechanisms in more physiological conditions outside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A Aleksashin
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stacey Tsai-Lan Chang
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jamie H D Cate
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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3
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Liu Y, Zhao Z, Song Y, Yin Y, Wu F, Jiang H. Usage of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis in Post-Translational Modification of μ-Conopeptide PIIIA. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:421. [PMID: 37623702 PMCID: PMC10455749 DOI: 10.3390/md21080421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The post-translational modifications of conopeptides are the most complicated modifications to date and are well-known and closely related to the activity of conopeptides. The hydroxylation of proline in conopeptides affects folding, structure, and biological activity, and prolyl 4 hydroxylase has been characterized in Conus literatus. However, the hydroxylation machinery of proline in conopeptides is still unclear. In order to address the hydroxylation mechanism of proline in μ-PIIIA, three recombinant plasmids encoding different hybrid precursors of μ-PIIIA were constructed and crossly combined with protein disulfide isomerase, prolyl 4 hydroxylase, and glutaminyl cyclase in a continuous exchange cell-free protein system. The findings showed that prolyl 4 hydroxylase might recognize the propeptide of μ-PIIIA to achieve the hydroxylation of proline, while the cyclization of glutamate was also formed. Additionally, in Escherichia coli, the co-expression plasmid encoding prolyl 4 hydroxylase and the precursor of μ-PIIIA containing pro and mature regions were used to validate the continuous exchange cell-free protein system. Surprisingly, in addition to the two hydroxyproline residues and one pyroglutamyl residue, three disulfide bridges were formed using Trx as a fusion tag, and the yield of the fusion peptide was approximately 20 mg/L. The results of electrophysiology analysis indicated that the recombinant μ-PIIIA without C-terminal amidate inhibited the current of hNaV1.4 with a 939 nM IC50. Our work solved the issue that it was challenging to quickly generate post-translationally modified conopeptides in vitro. This is the first study to demonstrate that prolyl 4 hydroxylase catalyzes the proline hydroxylation through recognition in the propeptide of μ-PIIIA, and it will provide a new way for synthesizing multi-modified conopeptides with pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
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4
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Aleksashin NA, Chang STL, Cate JHD. A highly efficient human cell-free translation system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527910. [PMID: 36798401 PMCID: PMC9934684 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems enable easy in vitro expression of proteins with many scientific, industrial, and therapeutic applications. Here we present an optimized, highly efficient human cell-free translation system that bypasses many limitations of currently used in vitro systems. This CFPS system is based on extracts from human HEK293T cells engineered to endogenously express GADD34 and K3L proteins, which suppress phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α. Overexpression of GADD34 and K3L proteins in human cells significantly simplifies cell lysate preparation. The new CFPS system improves the translation of 5' cap-dependent mRNAs as well as those that use internal ribosome entry site (IRES) mediated translation initiation. We find that expression of the GADD34 and K3L accessory proteins before cell lysis maintains low levels of phosphorylation of eIF2α in the extracts. During in vitro translation reactions, eIF2α phosphorylation increases moderately in a GCN2-dependent fashion that can be inhibited by GCN2 kinase inhibitors. We also find evidence for activation of regulatory pathways related to eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) phosphorylation and ribosome quality control in the extracts. This new CFPS system should be useful for exploring human translation mechanisms in more physiological conditions outside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A. Aleksashin
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stacey Tsai-Lan Chang
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jamie H. D. Cate
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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5
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Effects of Long Noncoding RNA HOXA-AS2 on the Proliferation and Migration of Gallbladder Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6051512. [PMID: 36299503 PMCID: PMC9592229 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6051512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To explore the function and mechanism of lncRNA HOXA-AS2 in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived exosomes in gallbladder cancer metastasis, and provide new research targets for the treatment of gallbladder cancer. At the same time, in order to clarify the early predictive value of lncRNA HOXA-AS2 for gallbladder cancer metastasis, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical individualized treatment of gallbladder cancer. Methods. In our previous work, we used TCGA database analysis to find that lncRNA HOXA-AS2 was highly expressed in gallbladder cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. In this study, the expression levels of HOXA-AS2 in gallbladder cancer cell lines and control cells were first verified by QPCR and Western blot methods. Then, lentiviral tools were used to construct knockdown vectors (RNAi#1, RNAi#2) and negative control vectors targeting two different sites of HOXA-AS2, and the vectors were transfected into NOZ and OCUG-1 cells, respectively. Real-time PCR was used to detect knockdown efficiency. Then, the effects of silencing HOXA-AS2 on the proliferation, cell viability, cell migration, and invasion ability of gallbladder cancer cells were detected by MTT, plate cloning assay, Transwell migration chamber assay, and Transwell invasion chamber assay. Finally, the interaction between HOXA-AS2 and miR-6867 and the 3′UTR of YAP1 protein was detected by luciferase reporter gene. The results showed that the expression level of HOXA-AS2 in gallbladder cancer cell lines was higher than that in control cells. The expression of HOXA-AS2 in gallbladder carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (p < 0.05). After successful knockout of HOXA-AS2 by lentiviral transfection, the expression of HOXA-AS2 in gallbladder cancer cell lines was significantly decreased. Through cell proliferation and plate clone detection, it was found that silencing HOXA-AS2 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. Through software prediction and fluorescein reporter gene detection, it was found that HOXA-AS2 has a binding site with miR-6867, and the two are negatively correlated, that is, the expression of miR-6867 is enhanced after the expression of HOXA-AS2 is downregulated. And the 3′UTR of YAP1 protein in the Hippo signaling pathway binds to miR-6867. Therefore, HOXA-AS2 may affect the expression of YAP1 protein by regulating miR-6867, thereby inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway and promoting the proliferation and metastasis of gallbladder cancer cells. HOXA-AS2 is abnormally expressed in gallbladder cancer cells. HOXA-AS2 may promote the migration and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells by regulating the Hippo signaling pathway through miR-6867. HOXA-AS2 may serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for gallbladder cancer in clinic.
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6
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Moghimianavval H, Hsu YY, Groaz A, Liu AP. In Vitro Reconstitution Platforms of Mammalian Cell-Free Expressed Membrane Proteins. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2433:105-120. [PMID: 34985740 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1998-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are essential components in cell membranes and enable cells to communicate with their outside environment and to carry out intracellular signaling. Functional reconstitution of complex membrane proteins using cell-free expression (CFE) systems has been proved to be challenging mainly due to the lack of necessary machinery for proper folding and translocation of nascent membrane proteins and their delivery to the supplied synthetic bilayers. Here, we provide protocols for detergent-free, cell-free reconstitution of functional membrane proteins using HeLa-based CFE system and outline assays for studying their membrane insertion, topology, and their orientation upon incorporation into the supported lipid bilayers or bilayers of giant unilamellar vesicles as well as methods to isolate functional translocated cell-free produced membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Yu Hsu
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Trainor BM, Komar AA, Pestov DG, Shcherbik N. Cell-free Translation: Preparation and Validation of Translation-competent Extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4093. [PMID: 34692902 PMCID: PMC8481029 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free translation is a powerful technique for in vitro protein synthesis. While cell-free translation platforms prepared from bacterial, plant, and mammalian cells are commercially available, yeast-based translation systems remain proprietary knowledge of individual labs. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for simple, fast, and cost-effective preparation of the translation-competent cell-free extract (CFE) from budding yeast. Our protocol streamlines steps combined from different procedures published over the last three decades and incorporates cryogenic lysis of yeast cells to produce a high yield of the translationally active material. We also describe techniques for the validation and troubleshooting of the quality and translational activity of the obtained yeast CFE. Graphic abstract: The flow of Cell-Free Extract (CFE) preparation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Trainor
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, 42 E. Laurel Road, Suite 2200, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anton A. Komar
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, and the Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44115, USA
| | - Dimitri G. Pestov
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
| | - Natalia Shcherbik
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Heide C, Buldum G, Moya-Ramirez I, Ces O, Kontoravdi C, Polizzi KM. Design, Development and Optimization of a Functional Mammalian Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Platform. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:604091. [PMID: 33604330 PMCID: PMC7884609 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.604091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the stepwise development of a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) platform derived from cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We provide a retrospective summary of the design challenges we faced, and the optimized methods developed for the cultivation of cells and the preparation of translationally active lysates. To overcome low yields, we developed procedures to supplement two accessory proteins, GADD34 and K3L, into the reaction to prevent deactivation of the translational machinery by phosphorylation. We compared different strategies for implementing these accessory proteins including two variants of the GADD34 protein to understand the potential trade-offs between yield and ease of implementation. Addition of the accessory proteins increased yield of turbo Green Fluorescent Protein (tGFP) by up to 100-fold depending on which workflow was used. Using our optimized protocols as a guideline, users can successfully develop their own functional CHO CFPS system, allowing for broader application of mammalian CFPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Heide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Imperial College Center for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gizem Buldum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Moya-Ramirez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Imperial College Center for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Ces
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M Polizzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Imperial College Center for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Novikova IV, Sharma N, Moser T, Sontag R, Liu Y, Collazo MJ, Cascio D, Shokuhfar T, Hellmann H, Knoblauch M, Evans JE. Protein structural biology using cell-free platform from wheat germ. ADVANCED STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL IMAGING 2018; 4:13. [PMID: 30524935 PMCID: PMC6244559 DOI: 10.1186/s40679-018-0062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the biggest bottlenecks for structural analysis of proteins remains the creation of high-yield and high-purity samples of the target protein. Cell-free protein synthesis technologies are powerful and customizable platforms for obtaining functional proteins of interest in short timeframes, while avoiding potential toxicity issues and permitting high-throughput screening. These methods have benefited many areas of genomic and proteomics research, therapeutics, vaccine development and protein chip constructions. In this work, we demonstrate a versatile and multiscale eukaryotic wheat germ cell-free protein expression pipeline to generate functional proteins of different sizes from multiple host organism and DNA source origins. We also report on a robust purification procedure, which can produce highly pure (> 98%) proteins with no specialized equipment required and minimal time invested. This pipeline successfully produced and analyzed proteins in all three major geometry formats used for structural biology including single particle analysis with electron microscopy, and both two-dimensional and three-dimensional protein crystallography. The flexibility of the wheat germ system in combination with the multiscale pipeline described here provides a new workflow for rapid production and purification of samples that may not be amenable to other recombinant approaches for structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Novikova
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Noopur Sharma
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Trevor Moser
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Ryan Sontag
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Michael J. Collazo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - James E. Evans
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
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10
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Wang S, Majumder S, Emery NJ, Liu AP. Simultaneous monitoring of transcription and translation in mammalian cell-free expression in bulk and in cell-sized droplets. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2018; 3:ysy005. [PMID: 30003145 PMCID: PMC6034425 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription and translation are two critical processes during eukaryotic gene expression that regulate cellular activities. The development of mammalian cell-free expression (CFE) systems provides a platform for studying these two critical processes in vitro for bottom-up synthetic biology applications such as construction of an artificial cell. Moreover, real-time monitoring of the dynamics of synthesized mRNA and protein is key to characterize and optimize gene circuits before implementing in living cells or in artificial cells. However, there are few tools for measurement of mRNA and protein dynamics in mammalian CFE systems. Here, we developed a locked nucleic acid (LNA) probe for monitoring transcription in a HeLa-based CFE system in real-time. By using this LNA probe in conjunction with a fluorescent reporter protein, we were able to simultaneously monitor mRNA and protein dynamics in bulk reactions and cell-sized single-emulsion droplets. We found rapid production of mRNA transcripts that decreased over time as protein production ensued in bulk reactions. Our results also showed that transcription in cell-sized droplets has different dynamics compared to the transcription in bulk reactions. The use of this LNA probe in conjunction with fluorescent proteins in HeLa-based mammalian CFE system provides a versatile in vitro platform for studying mRNA dynamics for bottom-up synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sagardip Majumder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas J Emery
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allen P Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Gurramkonda C, Rao A, Borhani S, Pilli M, Deldari S, Ge X, Pezeshk N, Han TC, Tolosa M, Kostov Y, Tolosa L, Wood DW, Vattem K, Frey DD, Rao G. Improving the recombinant human erythropoietin glycosylation using microsome supplementation in CHO cell-free system. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1253-1264. [PMID: 29384203 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-Free Protein Synthesis (CFPS) offers many advantages for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins using the CHO cell-free system. However, many complex proteins are still difficult to express using this method. To investigate the current bottlenecks in cell-free glycoprotein production, we chose erythropoietin (40% glycosylated), an essential endogenous hormone which stimulates the development of red blood cells. Here, we report the production of recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) using CHO cell-free system. Using this method, EPO was expressed and purified with a twofold increase in yield when the cell-free reaction was supplemented with CHO microsomes. The protein was purified to near homogeneity using an ion-metal affinity column. We were able to analyze the expressed and purified products (glycosylated cell-free EPO runs at 25-28 kDa, and unglycosylated protein runs at 20 kDa on an SDS-PAGE), identifying the presence of glycan moieties by PNGase shift assay. The purified protein was predicted to have ∼2,300 IU in vitro activity. Additionally, we tested the presence and absence of sugars on the cell-free EPO using a lectin-based assay system. The results obtained in this study indicate that microsomes augmented in vitro production of the glycoprotein is useful for the rapid production of single doses of a therapeutic glycoprotein drug and to rapidly screen glycoprotein constructs in the development of these types of drugs. CFPS is useful for implementing a lectin-based method for rapid screening and detection of glycan moieties, which is a critical quality attribute in the industrial production of therapeutic glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekhar Gurramkonda
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aniruddha Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shayan Borhani
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Manohar Pilli
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sevda Deldari
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Niloufar Pezeshk
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tzu-Chiang Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leah Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David W Wood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Douglas D Frey
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST) and Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental Engineering (CBEE), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
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12
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Thoring L, Dondapati SK, Stech M, Wüstenhagen DA, Kubick S. High-yield production of "difficult-to-express" proteins in a continuous exchange cell-free system based on CHO cell lysates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11710. [PMID: 28916746 PMCID: PMC5601898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) represents a promising technology for efficient protein production targeting especially so called "difficult-to-express" proteins whose synthesis is challenging in conventional in vivo protein production platforms. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are one of the most prominent and safety approved cell lines for industrial protein production. In this study we demonstrated the ability to produce high yields of various protein types including membrane proteins and single chain variable fragments (scFv) in a continuous exchange cell-free (CECF) system based on CHO cell lysate that contains endogenous microsomal structures. We showed significant improvement of protein yield compared to batch formatted reactions and proved biological activity of synthesized proteins using various analysis technologies. Optimized CECF reaction conditions led to membrane protein yields up to 980 µg/ml, which is the highest protein yield reached in a microsome containing eukaryotic cell-free system presented so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Thoring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin (TUB), Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Srujan K Dondapati
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marlitt Stech
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Doreen A Wüstenhagen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Selective stalling of human translation through small-molecule engagement of the ribosome nascent chain. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001882. [PMID: 28323820 PMCID: PMC5360235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a key role in regulating the levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Here, we demonstrate that the compound PF-06446846 inhibits translation of PCSK9 by inducing the ribosome to stall around codon 34, mediated by the sequence of the nascent chain within the exit tunnel. We further show that PF-06446846 reduces plasma PCSK9 and total cholesterol levels in rats following oral dosing. Using ribosome profiling, we demonstrate that PF-06446846 is highly selective for the inhibition of PCSK9 translation. The mechanism of action employed by PF-06446846 reveals a previously unexpected tunability of the human ribosome that allows small molecules to specifically block translation of individual transcripts. Many disease-mediating proteins have proven difficult to target with traditional small-molecule pharmaceuticals. In this paper, we report that a small molecule, PF-06446846, directly inhibits translation of one such protein, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), by acting on the translating human ribosome. PF-06446846 causes the translating ribosome to stall soon after translating the PCSK9 signal sequence. We further show that PF-06446846 activity is dependent on the amino acid sequence of the nascent chain inside the ribosome exit tunnel. In a rat safety study, we observe decreases in plasma PCSK9, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Using mass spectrometry in cell culture and ribosome profiling, we demonstrate that despite acting on the ribosome, which synthesizes every protein in the cell, PF-06446846 displays a high level of selectivity for PCSK9. This unexpected potential for small molecules to selectively inhibit the human ribosome opens the possibility for future development of small molecules targeting disease-mediating proteins that were previously thought to be undruggable.
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14
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A Small-Molecule Anti-secretagogue of PCSK9 Targets the 80S Ribosome to Inhibit PCSK9 Protein Translation. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1362-1371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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15
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Zemella A, Thoring L, Hoffmeister C, Kubick S. Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: Pros and Cons of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Systems. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2420-31. [PMID: 26478227 PMCID: PMC4676933 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
From its start as a small-scale in vitro system to study fundamental translation processes, cell-free protein synthesis quickly rose to become a potent platform for the high-yield production of proteins. In contrast to classical in vivo protein expression, cell-free systems do not need time-consuming cloning steps, and the open nature provides easy manipulation of reaction conditions as well as high-throughput potential. Especially for the synthesis of difficult to express proteins, such as toxic and transmembrane proteins, cell-free systems are of enormous interest. The modification of the genetic code to incorporate non-canonical amino acids into the target protein in particular provides enormous potential in biotechnology and pharmaceutical research and is in the focus of many cell-free projects. Many sophisticated cell-free systems for manifold applications have been established. This review describes the recent advances in cell-free protein synthesis and details the expanding applications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zemella
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lena Thoring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Hoffmeister
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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16
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Matheisl S, Berninghausen O, Becker T, Beckmann R. Structure of a human translation termination complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:8615-26. [PMID: 26384426 PMCID: PMC4605324 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to bacteria that have two release factors, RF1 and RF2, eukaryotes only possess one unrelated release factor eRF1, which recognizes all three stop codons of the mRNA and hydrolyses the peptidyl-tRNA bond. While the molecular basis for bacterial termination has been elucidated, high-resolution structures of eukaryotic termination complexes have been lacking. Here we present a 3.8 Å structure of a human translation termination complex with eRF1 decoding a UAA(A) stop codon. The complex was formed using the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) stalling peptide, which perturbs the peptidyltransferase center (PTC) to silence the hydrolysis activity of eRF1. Moreover, unlike sense codons or bacterial stop codons, the UAA stop codon adopts a U-turn-like conformation within a pocket formed by eRF1 and the ribosome. Inducing the U-turn conformation for stop codon recognition rationalizes how decoding by eRF1 includes monitoring geometry in order to discriminate against sense codons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Matheisl
- Gene Center and Center for integrated Protein Science Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Otto Berninghausen
- Gene Center and Center for integrated Protein Science Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Gene Center and Center for integrated Protein Science Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Beckmann
- Gene Center and Center for integrated Protein Science Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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17
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Ho KKY, Murray VL, Liu AP. Engineering artificial cells by combining HeLa-based cell-free expression and ultrathin double emulsion template. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 128:303-18. [PMID: 25997354 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Generation of artificial cells provides the bridge needed to cover the gap between studying the complexity of biological processes in whole cells and studying these same processes in an in vitro reconstituted system. Artificial cells are defined as the encapsulation of biologically active material in a biological or synthetic membrane. Here, we describe a robust and general method to produce artificial cells for the purpose of mimicking one or more behaviors of a cell. A microfluidic double emulsion system is used to encapsulate a mammalian cell-free expression system that is able to express membrane proteins into the bilayer or soluble proteins inside the vesicles. The development of a robust platform that allows the assembly of artificial cells is valuable in understanding subcellular functions and emergent behaviors in a more cell-like environment as well as for creating novel signaling pathways to achieve specific cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K Y Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Victoria L Murray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allen P Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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18
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Brödel AK, Wüstenhagen DA, Kubick S. Cell-free protein synthesis systems derived from cultured mammalian cells. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1261:129-40. [PMID: 25502197 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2230-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We present a technology for the production of target proteins using novel cell-free systems derived from cultured human K562 cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The protocol includes the cultivation of cells, the preparation of translationally active lysates, and the cell-free synthesis of desired proteins. An efficient expression vector based on the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) from the intergenic region (IGR) of the cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) was constructed for both systems. The coupled batch-based platforms enable the synthesis of a broad range of target proteins such as cytosolic proteins, secreted proteins, membrane proteins embedded into endogenous microsomes, and glycoproteins. The glycosylation of erythropoietin demonstrates the successful performance of posttranslational modifications in the novel cell-free systems. Protein yields of approximately 20 μg/ml (K562-based cell-free system) and 50 μg/ml (CHO-based cell-free system) of active firefly luciferase are obtained in the coupled transcription-translation systems within 3 h. As a result, both cell-free protein synthesis systems serve as powerful tools for high-throughput proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas K Brödel
- Department of Cell-free Bioproduction, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses Potsdam-Golm (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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19
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Chong S. Overview of cell-free protein synthesis: historic landmarks, commercial systems, and expanding applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 108:16.30.1-16.30.11. [PMID: 25271714 DOI: 10.1002/0471142727.mb1630s108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
During the early days of molecular biology, cell-free protein synthesis played an essential role in deciphering the genetic code and contributed to our understanding of translation of protein from messenger RNA. Owing to several decades of major and incremental improvements, modern cell-free systems have achieved higher protein synthesis yields at lower production costs. Commercial cell-free systems are now available from a variety of material sources, ranging from "traditional" E. coli, rabbit reticulocyte lysate, and wheat germ extracts, to recent insect and human cell extracts, to defined systems reconstituted from purified recombinant components. Although each cell-free system has certain advantages and disadvantages, the diversity of the cell-free systems allows in vitro synthesis of a wide range of proteins for a variety of downstream applications. In the post-genomic era, cell-free protein synthesis has rapidly become the preferred approach for high-throughput functional and structural studies of proteins and a versatile tool for in vitro protein evolution and synthetic biology. This unit provides a brief history of cell-free protein synthesis and describes key advances in modern cell-free systems, practical differences between widely used commercial cell-free systems, and applications of this important technology.
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20
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Smith MT, Wilding KM, Hunt JM, Bennett AM, Bundy BC. The emerging age of cell-free synthetic biology. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2755-61. [PMID: 24931378 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of and mastery over biological parts has catalyzed the emergence of synthetic biology. This field has grown exponentially in the past decade. As increasingly more applications of synthetic biology are pursued, more challenges are encountered, such as delivering genetic material into cells and optimizing genetic circuits in vivo. An in vitro or cell-free approach to synthetic biology simplifies and avoids many of the pitfalls of in vivo synthetic biology. In this review, we describe some of the innate features that make cell-free systems compelling platforms for synthetic biology and discuss emerging improvements of cell-free technologies. We also select and highlight recent and emerging applications of cell-free synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Thomas Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Kristen M Wilding
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jeremy M Hunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Anthony M Bennett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Bradley C Bundy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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21
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Brödel AK, Sonnabend A, Roberts LO, Stech M, Wüstenhagen DA, Kubick S. IRES-mediated translation of membrane proteins and glycoproteins in eukaryotic cell-free systems. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82234. [PMID: 24376523 PMCID: PMC3869664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements found in the 5′ untranslated region of mRNAs enable translation initiation in a cap-independent manner, thereby representing an alternative to cap-dependent translation in cell-free protein expression systems. However, IRES function is largely species-dependent so their utility in cell-free systems from different species is rather limited. A promising approach to overcome these limitations would be the use of IRESs that are able to recruit components of the translation initiation apparatus from diverse origins. Here, we present a solution to this technical problem and describe the ability of a number of viral IRESs to direct efficient protein expression in different eukaryotic cell-free expression systems. The IRES from the intergenic region (IGR) of the Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) genome was shown to function efficiently in four different cell-free systems based on lysates derived from cultured Sf21, CHO and K562 cells as well as wheat germ. Our results suggest that the CrPV IGR IRES-based expression vector is universally applicable for a broad range of eukaryotic cell lysates. Sf21, CHO and K562 cell-free expression systems are particularly promising platforms for the production of glycoproteins and membrane proteins since they contain endogenous microsomes that facilitate the incorporation of membrane-spanning proteins and the formation of post-translational modifications. We demonstrate the use of the CrPV IGR IRES-based expression vector for the enhanced synthesis of various target proteins including the glycoprotein erythropoietin and the membrane proteins heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor receptor as well as epidermal growth factor receptor in the above mentioned eukaryotic cell-free systems. CrPV IGR IRES-mediated translation will facilitate the development of novel eukaryotic cell-free expression platforms as well as the high-yield synthesis of desired proteins in already established systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas K. Brödel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT) Branch Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrei Sonnabend
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT) Branch Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lisa O. Roberts
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Marlitt Stech
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT) Branch Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Doreen A. Wüstenhagen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT) Branch Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT) Branch Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail:
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22
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Brödel AK, Sonnabend A, Kubick S. Cell‐free protein expression based on extracts from CHO cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:25-36. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas K. Brödel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT)Branch Potsdam‐GolmAm Mühlenberg 1314476PotsdamGermany
| | - Andrei Sonnabend
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT)Branch Potsdam‐GolmAm Mühlenberg 1314476PotsdamGermany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT)Branch Potsdam‐GolmAm Mühlenberg 1314476PotsdamGermany
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23
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Hodgman CE, Jewett MC. Optimized extract preparation methods and reaction conditions for improved yeast cell-free protein synthesis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2643-54. [PMID: 23832321 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has emerged as a powerful platform technology to help satisfy the growing demand for simple, affordable, and efficient protein production. In this article, we describe a novel CFPS platform derived from the popular bio-manufacturing organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By developing a streamlined crude extract preparation protocol and optimizing the CFPS reaction conditions we were able to achieve active firefly luciferase synthesis yields of 7.7 ± 0.5 µg mL(-1) with batch reactions lasting up to 2 h. This duration of synthesis is the longest ever reported for a yeast CFPS batch reaction. Furthermore, by removing extraneous processing steps and eliminating expensive reagents from the cell-free reaction, we have increased relative product yield (µg protein synthesized per $ reagent cost) over an alternative commonly used method up to 2000-fold from ∼2 × 10(-4) to ∼4 × 10(-1) µg $(-1) , which now puts the yeast CPFS platform on par with other eukaryotic CFPS platforms commercially available. Our results set the stage for developing a yeast CFPS platform that provides for high-yielding and cost-effective expression of a variety of protein therapeutics and protein libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eric Hodgman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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24
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Bernhard F, Tozawa Y. Cell-free expression--making a mark. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2013; 23:374-80. [PMID: 23628286 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free protein production opens new perspectives for the direct manipulation of expression compartments in combination with reduced complexity of physiological requirements. The technology is therefore in particular suitable for the general synthesis of difficult proteins including toxins and membrane proteins as well as for the analysis of their functional folding in artificial environments. A further key application of cell-free expression is the fast and economic labeling of proteins for structural and functional applications. Two extract sources, wheat embryos and Escherichia coli cells, are currently employed for the preparative scale cell-free production of proteins. Recent achievements in structural characterization include cell-free synthesized membrane proteins and even larger protein assemblies may become feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bernhard
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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25
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Luo Z, Zhang S. Designer nanomaterials using chiral self-assembling peptide systems and their emerging benefit for society. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4736-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15360b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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