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Pant A, Anjankar AP, Shende S, Dhok A, Jha RK, Manglaram AV. Early detection of breast cancer through the diagnosis of Nipple Aspirate Fluid (NAF). Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:45. [PMID: 38943056 PMCID: PMC11212179 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of breast cancer has been mainly reported in women who have reached the post-menopausal stage; therefore, it is the primary factor responsible for death amongst postmenopausal women. However, if treated on time it has shown a survival rate of 20 years in about two-thirds of women. Cases of breast cancer have also been reported in younger women and the leading cause in them is their lifestyle pattern or they may be carriers of high penetrance mutated genes. Premenopausal women who have breast cancer have been diagnosed with aggressive build-up of tumors and are therefore at more risk of loss of life. Mammography is an effective way to test for breast cancer in women after menopause but is not so effective for premenopausal women or younger females. Imaging techniques like contrast-enhanced MRI can up to some extent indicate the presence of a tumor but it cannot adequately differentiate between benign and malignant tumors. Although the 'omics' strategies continuing for the last 20 years have been helpful at the molecular level in enabling the characteristics and proper understanding of such tumors over long-term longitudinal monitoring. Classification, diagnosis, and prediction of the outcomes have been made through tissue and serum biomarkers but these also fail to diagnose the disease at an early stage. Considerably there is no adequate detection technique present globally that can help early detection and provide adequate specificity, safety, sensitivity, and convenience for the younger and premenopausal women, thereby it becomes necessary to take early measures and build efficient tools and techniques for the same. Through biopsies of nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) biomarker profiling can be performed. It is a naturally secreted fluid from the cells of epithelium found in the breast. Nowadays, home-based liquid biopsy collection kits are also available through which a routine check on breast health can be performed with the help of NAF. Herein, we will review the biomarker screening liquid biopsy, and the new emerging technologies for the examination of cancer at an early stage, especially in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Pant
- Department of Biochemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha Sawangi Meghe, India.
| | - Ashish P Anjankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha Sawangi Meghe, India
| | - Sandesh Shende
- Department of Biochemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha Sawangi Meghe, India
| | - Archana Dhok
- Department of Biochemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha Sawangi Meghe, India
| | - Roshan Kumar Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha Sawangi Meghe, India
| | - Anjali Vagga Manglaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha Sawangi Meghe, India
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2
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S K P. Cancer reduction in mice with Prakasine nanomedicine immunotherapy. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:572-589. [PMID: 37882207 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2270023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, non-toxic mercury nanoparticle Prakasine (PRK-NP) was synthesized as per 'Prakash theory of metal drugs' and nanoparticle's non toxicity has been demonstrated by employing in vitro MTT (dose = 320ug/ml), SBR (dose = 80ug/ml) and apoptosis assays (dose = 320ug/ml), and in vivo acute and chronic toxicity studies in mice (n = 12, dose = 900 mg/kg body weight oral), rat (n = 14, dose = 500 mg/kg body weight oral for 18 months), rabbit (n = 14, dose = 500 mg/kg body weight oral for 18 months) and dogs (n = 14, dose = 500 mg/kg body weight oral for 18 months). The MTT, SBR and apoptosis assays established no cytotoxicity, no genotoxicity and no cytolytic anticancer effects. The mice, rat, rabbit and dog studies also indicated nontoxicity. The PRK-NPs significantly reduced the breast cancer tumour in murine mammary tumour - C3H/HeJ model 35% and 43.7% in mice at doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively. Also, in xenograft mammary tumour mice model the tumour regressions are 25.7% and 83% in the doses of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively, compared to standard positive control drugs without any adverse effects and toxicity. Thus, the current study beholds anticipation PRK-NPs may play a vital role in therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash S K
- Naval AIDS Research Centre, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Jin T, Chen Y, Chen QY, Xiong Y, Yang JQ. Circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood as a diagnostic biomarker of breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1103146. [PMID: 37035139 PMCID: PMC10073650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1103146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Studies have reported that breast cancer (BC) patients' circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have varying results for their diagnostic role. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to systematically assess the accuracy of CTCs in the diagnosis of BC. Methods A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the overall accuracy of CTC detection. A pooled analysis of sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic advantage ratio (DOR) was used to measure diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to discriminate BC from non-BC. An analysis of the threshold effect was calculated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. We calculated the Q and I2 statistics to determine whether the studies were heterogeneous. Sensitivity analysis was performed by removing studies one by one. Publication bias was assessed by Deeks' funnel plot asymmetry test. Results Studies from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, Vip, and CNKI databases were collected for diagnosing BC from January 2000 to April March 2023. Finally, 8 publications were retrieved in total containing 2014 cases involved in the study. Based on a random-effects model, it was found that the pooled SEN was 0.69 (0.55 - 0.80), SPE was 0.93 (0.60 - 0.99), PLR was 9.5 (1.4 - 65.9), NLR was 0.33 (0.23 - 0.48), DOR was 29 (4 - 205) and the AUC of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.81 (0.77 - 0.84). Some heterogeneity was found in the article, but there was no threshold effect to account for it (P = 0.27). Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test indicated that no publication bias was observed in this meta-analysis (P = 0.52). Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis confirmed that CTCs were an important component of noninvasive methods of confirming BC with SEN of 0.69 (0.55 - 0.80), SPE of 0.93 (0.60 - 0.99) and AUC of 0.81 (0.77 - 0.84).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Yan Chen
- Medical college, Hebei University of Engineering, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Qiao Yang
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Qiao Yang,
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4
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Shao X, Jin X, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Chen W, Jiang J, Wang Z, Cui Y, Fan WH, Wang K, Yu X, Huang J. A comprehensive comparison of circulating tumor cells and breast imaging modalities as screening tools for breast cancer in Chinese women. Front Oncol 2022; 12:890248. [PMID: 35978805 PMCID: PMC9377692 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.890248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been recognized as a sensitive biomarker for breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to comprehensively compare CTC with imaging modalities, including ultrasonography, mammography, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in screening for BC in Chinese women. Methods Three hundred forty-three participants were enrolled in this study, including 102 treatment-naive BC patients, 177 with breast benign diseases (BBD) and 64 healthy female patients. All participants underwent CTC testing and at least one of the following examinations, ultrasonography, mammography, and MRI at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University between December 2017 and November 2020. CTCs were quantitatively assessed using cell counting (CTC detection rate/counts) and categorically examined using a cutoff value (CTC classification). The diagnostic power of CTC tests and imaging modalities, including accuracy and capability to predict clinicopathological characteristics of BC, were evaluated and compared. Results CTC classification with a cutoff value of 2 showed a “good” diagnostic accuracy of 0.889 for early- to mid-stage BC comparable to breast imaging modalities using Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). MRI demonstrated the highest sensitivity of 0.872 for BC, and CTC classification had the highest specificity of 0.938. A relatively low sensitivity was found for mammography in this cohort of patients. Successful detection of BC by CTC detection rate/counts, but not CTC classification, correlated with two important clinicopathological features, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. The detection power of certain imaging modalities was also associated with AJCC stage (ultrasonography, p = 0.0438 and MRI, p = 0.0422) and lymph node metastasis (ultrasonography, 0.0157). There were clear correlations between CTC tests (counts or classification) and imaging BI-RADS scoring system in detecting positive BC cases (p < 0.05). Further correlation analysis suggested that CTC quantity, but not CTC classification, had the capability to predict clinicopathological traits of BC that were identified by ultrasonography. Conclusions CTC tests have a diagnostic potency comparable to breast imaging modalities, and may be used as an alternative screening tool for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuan Shao, ; Jian Huang,
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Hangzhou Watson Biotech, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Ke Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyan Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuan Shao, ; Jian Huang,
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Prognostic serum biomarkers in cancer patients with COVID-19: a systematic review. Transl Oncol 2022; 21:101443. [PMID: 35523009 PMCID: PMC9057983 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin, CRP, d-dimer, ferritin, hemoglobin, IL-2R, IL-6, LDH, and PCT were identified as commonly changed biomarkers in three different comparison groups. Increased levels of CRP, d-dimer, ferritin, IL-2R, IL-6, LDH, and PCT are positively correlated to the COVID-19 severity and cancer surveillance in cancer patients with COVID-19. High levels of CRP, ferritin, and LDH after immunotherapy for COVID-19 in cancer patients indicate a poor prognosis. Cancer patients who had lower levels of CRP, ferritin, and LDH exhibit a good prognosis after antivirals/antibiotic treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Abdulrahman H, Smedinga M, Verbeek MM, Klijn CJM, Richard E, Perry M. Views on the Desirability of Diagnosing Sporadic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy with Biological Evidence. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:807-816. [PMID: 35404283 PMCID: PMC9198748 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (sCAA) research of the past decade has increasingly focused on developing biomarkers that allow for an earlier and more accurate sCAA-diagnosis. Considering that sCAA does not have treatment options available (yet), more fundamental questions concerning the desirability of using such early-sCAA biomarkers in clinical practice need to be addressed. OBJECTIVE In this qualitative interview study, we aim to explore the views of vascular neurologists on the purpose and possible consequences of an earlier and more accurate sCAA-diagnosis, using new biomarkers. METHODS Vascular neurologists from around the world were approached via email and interviewed via video call. Topics included views on current sCAA diagnostic practice, considerations on the use of new biomarkers, and expectations and hopes for the future. All interviews were transcribed ad verbatim using a transcription program (Otter.ai). Transcripts were analyzed using inductive content analysis. RESULTS We interviewed 14 vascular neurologists. Views regarding the desirability of new sCAA-biomarkers differed substantially between interviewees as to when and in whom these biomarkers could be of benefit in clinical practice. These differences were mainly reported with regards to prognosis, risk stratification, and biological precision, between general stroke neurologists and neurologists with specific sCAA-expertise. CONCLUSION Views on the use of sCAA-biomarkers in clinical practice differ substantially between vascular neurologists. There is particularly no consensus regarding when, and in whom sCAA biomarkers could be useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herrer Abdulrahman
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marthe Smedinga
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J M Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Perry
- Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Cao Z, Delfino K, Tiwari V, Wang X, Hannan A, Zaidi F, McClintock A, Robinson K, Zhu Y, Gao J, Cao D, Rao K. AKR1B10 as a Potential Novel Serum Biomarker for Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:727505. [PMID: 35280770 PMCID: PMC8908957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.727505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is a secretory protein that is upregulated in breast cancer. Objective This case-controlled pilot study evaluated the serum level of AKR1B10 in healthy women and patients with a localized or metastatic breast cancer. Methods AKR1B10 levels were measured by ELISA and IHC in several patient cohorts. Results Our data showed that serum AKR1B10 was significantly elevated in patients with localized (6.72 ± 0.92 ng/ml) or metastatic (7.79 ± 1.13 ng/ml) disease compared to cancer-free healthy women (1.69 ± 0.17 ng/ml) (p<0.001); the serum AKR1B10 was correlated with its expression in tumor tissues, but not with the tumor burden, molecular subtypes or histological stages. After surgical removal of primary tumors, the serum AKR1B10 was rapidly decreased within 3 days and plateaued at a level similar to that of healthy controls in most patients. ROC curve analysis suggested the optimal diagnostic cut-off value of serum AKR1B10 at 3.456 ng/ml with AUC 0.9045 ± 0.0337 (95% CI 0.8384 - 0.9706), sensitivity 84.75% (95% CI 73.01% to 92.78%), and specificity 93.88% (95% CI 83.13% to 98.72%). Conclusions These data indicate the potential value of serum AKR1B10 as a biomarker of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Kristin Delfino
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Vivek Tiwari
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Abdul Hannan
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Fawwad Zaidi
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Andrew McClintock
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Kathy Robinson
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - John Gao
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Medical Center, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Krishna Rao
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
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8
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Haga Y, Ueda K. Glycosylation in cancer: its application as a biomarker and recent advances of analytical techniques. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:303-313. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Plasma Levels and Diagnostic Utility of VEGF in a Three-Year Follow-Up of Patients with Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225452. [PMID: 34830735 PMCID: PMC8624052 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women globally. The increasing worldwide incidence of this type of cancer illustrates the challenge it represents for healthcare providers. Therefore, new tumor markers are constantly being sought. The aim of this study was to assess plasma concentrations and the diagnostic power of VEGF in 100 patients with early-stage breast cancer, both before and after surgical treatment and during a three-year follow-up. The control groups included 50 subjects with benign breast tumors (fibroadenoma) and 50 healthy women. The VEGF concentration was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the CA 15-3 concentration was determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). We observed significantly higher preoperative plasma concentrations of VEGF and CA 15-3 in patients with breast cancer. VEGF, similar to CA 15-3, demonstrated high diagnostic utility in the assessment of the long-term efficacy of surgical removal of the tumor. Determinations of VEGF had the highest diagnostic usefulness in the detection of breast cancer recurrence (SE 40%, SP 92%, PPV 67%, NPV 79%). Additionally, the highest values of SE, NPV and AUC were observed during the combined analysis with CA 15-3 (60%; 84%; 0.7074, respectively). Our study suggests a promising diagnostic utility of VEGF in the early stages of breast cancer and in the evaluation of the efficacy of the surgical treatment of breast cancer as well as the detection of breast cancer recurrence, particularly in a combined analysis with CA 15-3 as a new diagnostic panel.
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Comparison of the diagnostic performances of circulating tumor cells and the serum tumor markers CEA, CA125, and CA15-3 for breast cancer: a retrospective case-control study. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Gao Y, Fan WH, Duan C, Zhao W, Zhang J, Kang X. Enhancing the Screening Efficiency of Breast Cancer by Combining Conventional Medical Imaging Examinations With Circulating Tumor Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:643003. [PMID: 34094929 PMCID: PMC8170472 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultrasound (US) and mammogram (MMG) are the two most common breast cancer (BC) screening tools. This study aimed to assess how the combination of circulating tumor cells (CTC) with US and MMG would improve the diagnostic performance. METHODS CTC detection and imaging examinations, US and MMG, were performed in 238 treatment-naive BC patients, 217 patients with benign breast diseases (BBD), and 20 healthy females. Correlations of CTC, US and MMG with patients' clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. Diagnostic performances of CTC, US and MMG were estimated by the receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS CTC, US and MMG could all distinguish BC patients from the control (p < 0.0001). Area under curve (AUC) of CTC, US and MMG are 0.855, 0.861 and 0.759, respectively. While US has the highest sensitivity of 0.79, CTC and MMG have the same specificity of 0.92. Notably, CTC has the highest accuracy of 0.83. Combination with CTC increases the AUC of US and MMG to 0.922 and 0.899, respectively. Combining MMG with CTC or US increases the sensitivity of MMG to 0.87, however "CTC + MMG" has a higher specificity of 0.85. "CTC + US" performs the best in BC diagnosis, followed by "CTC + MMG" and then "US + MMG". CONCLUSION CTC can be used as a diagnostic aid for BC screening. Combination with CTC increases the diagnostic potency of conventional BC screening imaging examinations, US and MMG, in BC diagnosis, especially for MMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Hung Fan
- Department of Clinical Medical Affairs, Hangzhou Watson Biotech, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhe Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixiong Kang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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12
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Nour Eldin EEM, Nour Eldein MM, El-Readi MZ, Mirza AA, Fatani SH, Al-Amodi HS, Althubiti MA, Al-Ezzi EM, Eid SY, Kamel HFM. Evaluation of the Diagnostic and Predicative Values of 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α as a Biomarker of Breast Cancer. Oncol Res Treat 2020; 43:506-517. [PMID: 32721979 DOI: 10.1159/000509671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a commonly reported cancer that is widely prevalent among women. Its early detection improves patient survival and results in better outcomes. For diagnosis and follow-up care, tumor markers are one of the feasible investigations to be ordered. 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) serves as a serum marker reflecting oxidative stress and subsequent damaging of DNA. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate both diagnostic and predictive values of 8-iso-PGF2α in BC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum levels of 8-iso-PGF2α were assessed for 66 women with benign breast tumors and 65 women who had malignant BC. To compare the patients who had breast tumors with healthy individuals, 63 women free of breast diseases were selected as controls. RESULTS The serum level of 8-iso-PGF2α in the BC patients (57.92 pg/mL) was significantly higher compared to those with benign tumors (18.89 pg/mL) (p < 0.001). In addition, individuals with no breast diseases had less 8-iso-PGF2α (4.02 pg/mL) compared to those who had developed a tumor (p < 0.001). Serum 8-iso-PGF2α was found to be positively correlated with both carcinoembryonic antigen (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) and cancer antigen 15-3 (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). Furthermore, serum 8-iso-PGF2α showed high diagnostic performance in BC (AUC = 0.999, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 99.2% at a cutoff value of 36.18 pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the high level of serum 8-iso-PGF2α helps to provide a non-invasive indicator to detect BC. Future work with a larger sample size and various phases of BC can confirm the current results which provide insights into the early detection of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Nour Eldein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A Mirza
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, .,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Sameer Hasan Fatani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba Saeed Al-Amodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Esmail M Al-Ezzi
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Safaa Yehia Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Fawzy Mohammed Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Song X, Liang B, Wang C, Shi S. Clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound combined with serum CA153, CEA and TSGF detection in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1822-1828. [PMID: 32742414 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present retrospective study, the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound combined with the detection of the serum tumor markers carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tumor specific growth factor (TSGF) as diagnostic tools for breast cancer was investigated. A total of 103 patients with breast cancer and 50 patients with benign breast lesions were enrolled in the study. All patients were examined by color Doppler ultrasonography. Electrochemiluminescence was used to measure the expression levels of CA153 and CEA, and chemical colorimetric assay for the measurement of TSGF expression. The differences in mass boundary, morphology, internal echo, calcification, peak blood flow velocity (Vmax), resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and blood flow signal classification between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression levels of CA153, CEA and TSGF in the serum of patients in the breast cancer group were significantly higher than those in the benign lesion group (P<0.01). In the breast cancer group, CA153, CEA and TSGF expression levels were significantly higher in patients with high-stage cancer and recurrence, compared with the patients with low-stage cancer and no recurrence. The sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive value of the combined detection were significantly improved compared with those of the single tests (P<0.01). Color Doppler ultrasound combined with the detection of CA153, CEA and TSGF levels in the serum of patients can be used as an effective tool that can improve the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis leading to early diagnosis and clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Song
- Department of Ultrasound, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Chenghong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Shan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Jin L, Zhao W, Zhang J, Chen W, Xie T, Wang L, Fan W, Xie S, Shen J, Zheng H, Hu W, Wei Q, Dong M, Wang Q, Shen J, Liu Y. Evaluation of the diagnostic value of circulating tumor cells with CytoSorter ® CTC capture system in patients with breast cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:1638-1647. [PMID: 31908156 PMCID: PMC7050089 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the viability of utilizing CytoSorter® system to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and to evaluate the diagnostic value of CTCs in breast cancer (BC). METHODS A total of 366 females patients suspected of having BC and 30 healthy female volunteers were enrolled in this study. CTCs were enriched by CytoSorter® , a microfluidic-based CTCs capturing platform. CTC detection was performed before operation or biopsy. Based on the biopsy results, patients were divided into two groups, namely patients with BC and patients with benign breast diseases (BBD). Patients with BBD and healthy volunteers were serving as controls. The correlation between CTC enumeration and patients' clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the diagnostic potency of CytoSorter® system in BC. RESULTS Based on the biopsy results, 130 BC patients at different cancer stages and 236 patients with BBD were enrolled in the study. Seven subjects were dropped out from the study. CTCs were detected in 109 of 128 BC patients, in one of 29 healthy volunteers, and in 37 of 232 patients with BBD. Maximum CTC counts detected in BC patients, healthy volunteers, and patients with BBD were 8, 1, and 4, respectively. Statistical analysis showed CTCs could be used to distinguish BC patients from healthy volunteers and patients with BBD (P < .0001). Circulating tumor cells were statistically associated with patients' cancer stage (P = .0126), tumor size (tumor node metastasis [TNM] T stage, P = .0253), cancer type (invasive vs noninvasive, P = .0141), and lymph node metastasis (P = .0436). More CTCs were found in patients at advanced cancer stage or TNM T stage and in patients with invasive tumor or lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, CTC detection rates in BC patients at Tis and T1-4 stages were 50%, 81.67%, 91.07%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. When the CTC cut-off value was set to 2, the ROC curve gave an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 with a specificity and sensitivity of 95.4% and 76.56%, respectively. Taken together, CTCs could be used as a diagnostic aid in assistance of cancer screening and staging. CONCLUSION Circulating tumor cells were successfully isolated in BC patients using CytoSorter® system. CTCs can be used to differentiate BC patients from the patients with BBD or healthy volunteers, and as a diagnostic aid for early cancer diagnosis and cancer staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Jin
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Wenhe Zhao
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Tan Xie
- Department of NursingSir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | | | - Shuduo Xie
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jianguo Shen
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Heming Zheng
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Wenxian Hu
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Minjun Dong
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Qinchun Wang
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yongcheng Liu
- Department of Surgical OncologySir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University College of MedicineHangzhouChina
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Blsakova A, Kveton F, Kasak P, Tkac J. Antibodies against aberrant glycans as cancer biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:1057-1068. [PMID: 31665948 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1687295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The review provides a comprehensive overview about applicability of serological detection of autoantibodies against aberrant glycans as cancer biomarkers.Areas covered: Clinical usefulness of autoantibodies as cancer biomarkers is discussed for seven types of cancers with sensitivity and specificity of such biomarkers provided. Moreover, an option of using serological antibodies against a non-natural form of sialic acid - N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which is taken into our bodies together with red meat, as a potential cancer biomarker is discussed shortly as well.Expert opinion: In the final part of the review, we discuss what measures need to be applied for selective implementation of autoantibody assays into a clinical practice. Moreover, we discuss key challenges ahead for reliable and robust detection of autoantibodies against aberrant glycans as biomarkers for disease diagnostics and for stratification of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Blsakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Filip Kveton
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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16
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Shaheed SU, Tait C, Kyriacou K, Linforth R, Salhab M, Sutton C. Evaluation of nipple aspirate fluid as a diagnostic tool for early detection of breast cancer. Clin Proteomics 2018; 15:3. [PMID: 29344009 PMCID: PMC5763528 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been tremendous progress in detection of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, resulting in two-thirds of women surviving more than 20 years after treatment. However, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in premenopausal women. Breast cancer is increasing in younger women due to changes in life-style as well as those at high risk as carriers of mutations in high-penetrance genes. Premenopausal women with breast cancer are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive tumours and therefore have a lower survival rate. Mammography plays an important role in detecting breast cancer in postmenopausal women, but is considerably less sensitive in younger women. Imaging techniques, such as contrast-enhanced MRI improve sensitivity, but as with all imaging approaches, cannot differentiate between benign and malignant growths. Hence, current well-established detection methods are falling short of providing adequate safety, convenience, sensitivity and specificity for premenopausal women on a global level, necessitating the exploration of new methods. In order to detect and prevent the disease in high risk women as early as possible, methods that require more frequent monitoring need to be developed. The emergence of "omics" strategies over the last 20 years, enabling the characterisation and understanding of breast cancer at the molecular level, are providing the potential for long term, longitudinal monitoring of the disease. Tissue and serum biomarkers for breast cancer stratification, diagnosis and predictive outcome have emerged, but have not successfully translated into clinical screening for early detection of the disease. The use of breast-specific liquid biopsies, such as nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), a natural secretion produced by breast epithelial cells, can be collected non-invasively for biomarker profiling. As we move towards an age of active surveillance, home-based liquid biopsy collection kits are increasingly being applied and these could provide a paradigm shift where NAF biomarker profiling is used for routine breast health monitoring. The current status of established and newly emerging imaging techniques for early detection of breast cancer and the potential for alternative biomarker screening of liquid biopsies, particularly those applied to high-risk, premenopausal women, will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadr-Ul Shaheed
- 1Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- 3The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Chris Sutton
- 1Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Qiu H, Xu X, Liu M, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Liu C, Xu L, Wu S. RNA interference-mediated silencing of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α2,3 sialylation and MMP14 expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3724-3734. [PMID: 28393207 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc‑T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O‑linked glycosylation. In order to investigate the effects of ppGalNAc‑T1 and ppGalNAc‑T2 on the initiation of O‑glycosylation, siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T1 (si‑T1) and siRNA‑ppGalNAc‑T2 (si‑T2) were transfected into highly‑invasive estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 cells to inhibit O‑glycosylation. Downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids, when compared to cells transfected with si‑T2 or si‑T1/T2. This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc‑T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase‑14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. Furthermore, MMP14 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated in the si‑T1 groups when compared with the si‑T2 and si‑T1/T2 groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc‑T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O‑glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O‑linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. Glycosylation serves a significant role in regulating the sensitivity of MMP14 to self‑proteolysis, which ultimately decreases the invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. The results of the present study may be useful in establishing the function of ppGalNAc‑T1 during breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China
| | - Zerong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Chunliang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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CA153 in Breast Secretions as a Potential Molecular Marker for Diagnosing Breast Cancer: A Meta Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163030. [PMID: 27636552 PMCID: PMC5026335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many studies have reported that carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) in breast secretions (BS) can discriminate breast cancer (BC) patients from healthy individuals, indicating CA153 in BS as a potential index for BC. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the actual diagnostic value of CA153 in BS. METHODS Related papers were obtained from Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, Sciverse, the Cochrane library, Chinese Biomedical literature Database (CBM), Technology of Chongqing (VIP), Wan Fang Data, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of CA153 in BS for BC diagnosis were analyzed with the random effect model. SROC and the area under the curve (AUC) were applied to assess overall diagnostic efficiency. RESULTS This meta-analysis included five studies with a total of 329 BC patients and 381 healthy subjects. For CA153 in BS, the summary sensitivity, specificity, and DOR to diagnose BC were 0.63 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57∼0.68), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78∼0.86), and 9.18 (95% CI: 4.22∼19.95), respectively. Furthermore, the AUC of BS CA153 in the diagnosis of BC was 0.8614. CONCLUSIONS CA153 in BS is a valuable molecular marker in diagnosing BC and should be applied in standard clinical practices of BC screening upon confirmation of our findings in a larger prospective study.
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19
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Janyasupab M, Lee YH, Zhang Y, Liu CW, Cai J, Popa A, Samia AC, Wang KW, Xu J, Hu CC, Wendt MK, Schiemann BJ, Thompson CL, Yen Y, Schiemann WP, Liu CC. Detection of Lysyl Oxidase-Like 2 (LOXL2), a Biomarker of Metastasis from Breast Cancers Using Human Blood Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:93-100. [PMID: 28670509 PMCID: PMC5493150 DOI: 10.2174/2210309005666150804195033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for 90% of the mortality associated with breast cancer. Upregulated expression of members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of secreted copper amine oxidases catalyzes the crosslinking of collagens and elastin in the extracellular matrix. LOXs are linked to the development and metastatic progression of breast cancers. Accordingly, aberrant expression of LOX-like 2 (LOXL2) is observed in poorly differentiated, high-grade tumors and is predictive of diseases recurrence, and for decreased overall patient survival. Therefore, LOXL2 expression may serve as a biomarker for breast cancer. Mechanistically, hydrogen peroxide is produced as a byproduct of LOXL2 when using an appropriate substrate, lysine. We exploited this chemistry to generate a revolutionary gold-based electrochemical biosensor capable of accurately detecting nanomolar quantities of LOXL2 in mouse blood, and in human blood samples. Two different sources of the blood samples obtained from breast cancer patients were used in this study indicating the applicability of detecting LOXL2 in breast cancers patients. Limited numbers of urine specimens from breast cancer patients were also tested. Collectively, all of these tests show the promise and potential of this biosensor for detecting LOXL2 as a surrogate biomarker of breast cancer. This work is described in WO 052962 A1 (2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Metini Janyasupab
- Biomedical Engineering, King Monkut's Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ying-Hui Lee
- Material Research Group, SRAM Asia, Taichung, 429, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chen W Liu
- Green Energy & Environmental Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research, Institute (ITRI), Hsing Chu, Taiwan
| | - Jieyi Cai
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA 02912
| | - Adriana Popa
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Anna C Samia
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Kuan W Wang
- Institute of Materials & Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, 320, Taiwan
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chi-Chang Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsing Chu, 30013Taiwan
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Barbara J Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cheryl L Thompson
- Department of Family Medicine, University Hospitals, Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve, University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chung C Liu
- Biomedical Engineering, King Monkut's Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
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Shi L, Gehin T, Chevolot Y, Souteyrand E, Mangé A, Solassol J, Laurenceau E. Anti-heat shock protein autoantibody profiling in breast cancer using customized protein microarray. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:1497-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Serum irisin levels are lower in patients with breast cancer: association with disease diagnosis and tumor characteristics. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:898. [PMID: 26560078 PMCID: PMC4642638 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin is a recently discovered myokine, involved in the browning of white adipose tissue. To date, its function has been mainly associated with energy homeostasis and metabolism, and it has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic diseases. This is the first study investigating the role of irisin in human breast cancer. Methods Participants included one hundred and one (101) female patients with invasive ductal breast cancer and fifty one (51) healthy women. Serum levels of irisin, leptin, adiponectin and resistin were quantified in duplicates by ELISA. Serum levels of CEA, CA 15–3 and Her-2/neu were measured on an immunology analyzer. The association between irisin and breast cancer was examined by logistic regression analysis. The feasibility of serum irisin in discriminating breast cancer patients was assessed by ROC curve analysis. Potential correlations with demographic, anthropometric and clinical parameters, with markers of adiposity and with breast tumor characteristics were also investigated. Results Serum levels of irisin were significantly lower in breast cancer patients compared to controls (2.47 ± 0.57 and 3.24 ± 0.66 μg/ml, respectively, p < 0.001). A significant independent association between irisin and breast cancer was observed by univariate and multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). It was estimated that a 1 unit increase in irisin levels leads to a reduction in the probability of breast cancer by almost 90 %. Irisin could effectively discriminate breast cancer patients at a cut-off point of 3.21 μg/ml, with 62.7 % sensitivity and 91.1 % specificity. A positive association with tumor stage and marginal associations with tumor size and lymph node metastasis were observed (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions Our novel findings implicate irisin in breast cancer and suggest its potential application as a new diagnostic indicator of the presence of disease.
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Nounou MI, ElAmrawy F, Ahmed N, Abdelraouf K, Goda S, Syed-Sha-Qhattal H. Breast Cancer: Conventional Diagnosis and Treatment Modalities and Recent Patents and Technologies. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2015; 9:17-34. [PMID: 26462242 PMCID: PMC4589089 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s29420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. However, increased survival is due to the dramatic advances in the screening methods, early diagnosis, and breakthroughs in treatments. Over the course of the last decade, many acquisitions have taken place in this critical field of research in the pharmaceutical industry. Advances in molecular biology and pharmacology aided in better understanding of breast cancer, enabling the design of smarter therapeutics able to target cancer and respond to its microenvironment efficiently. Patents and research papers investigating diagnosis and treatment strategies for breast cancer using novel technologies have been surveyed for the past 15 years. Various nanocarriers have been introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, quantum dots, nanoparticles, and dendrimers. This review provides an overview of breast cancer, conventional therapy, novel technologies in the management of breast cancer, and rational approaches for targeting breast cancer. HIGHLIGHTS Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. However, survival rates vary widely, optimistically heading toward a positive trend. Increased survival is due to the drastic shift in the screening methods, early diagnosis, and breakthroughs in treatments.Different strategies of breast cancer classification and staging have evolved over the years. Intrinsic (molecular) subtyping is essential in clinical trials and well understanding of the disease.Many novel technologies are being developed to detect distant metastases and recurrent disease as well as to assess response to breast cancer management.Intensive research efforts are actively ongoing to take novel breast cancer therapeutics to potential clinical application.Most of the recent research papers and patents discuss one of the following strategies: the development of new drug entities that specifically target the breast tumor cells; tailor designing a novel carrier system that can multitask and multifunction as a drug carrier, targeting vehicle and even as a diagnostic tool, direct conjugation of a therapeutic drug moiety with a targeting moiety, diagnostic moiety or pharmacokinetics altering moiety; or the use of innovative nontraditional approaches such as genetic engineering, stem cells, or vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. Nounou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatema ElAmrawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nada Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kamilia Abdelraouf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Assiri AMA, Kamel HFM. Evaluation of diagnostic and predictive value of serum adipokines: Leptin, resistin and visfatin in postmenopausal breast cancer. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:442-53. [PMID: 26388139 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for cancer. The associations of obesity with postmenopausal breast cancer (PBC) have been previously proven in clinical studies. The mechanisms underlying these associations remain unexplained completely, however, adipose tissue as an endocrine organ producing adipokines may interfere with cancer development. The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic and predictive value of serum levels of leptin, resistin and visfatin with inflammatory and tumour markers in relation to anthropometrics, clinicopathological features of PBC. This study included 298 postmenopausal Saudi females categorised into three groups. One hundred and ten BC patients with age matched, 89 healthy control (HC) and 99 females with benign breast lesion (BBL). For all subjects CA15-3, hsCRP, resistin, visfatin and leptin were measured by ELISA. Serum levels of leptin, resistin and visfatin were significantly higher in BC compared to BBL and HC groups (p<0.05). Their levels were also significantly higher in advanced TNM stage, tumour size, LN invasion, histological grade and negative ER or PR cases. The most significant predictor of leptin level was ER (p<0.05). While for resistin and visfatin level the most significant independent predictor was LN invasion. ROC analysis for serum leptin revealed AUC=0.795; 95% CI, 0.724-0.866. Resistin showed AUC=0.875; 95% CI, 0.821-0.928. Meanwhile, visfatin greater than 12.2ng/mL demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 97.6% and 92.6%, respectively and AUC=0.724; 95% CI, 0.643-0.804. In conclusion serum leptin, resistin, and visfatin levels could be considered of potential diagnostic value for PBC and they would be independent predictors of LN invasion and ER negative PBC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel M A Assiri
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala F M Kamel
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Buas MF, Rho JH, Chai X, Zhang Y, Lampe PD, Li CI. Candidate early detection protein biomarkers for ER+/PR+ invasive ductal breast carcinoma identified using pre-clinical plasma from the WHI observational study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 153:445-54. [PMID: 26319120 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/progesterone receptor (PR)-positive invasive ductal carcinoma accounts for ~45 % of invasive breast cancer (BC) diagnoses in the U.S. Despite reductions in BC mortality attributable to mammography screening and adjuvant hormonal therapy, an important challenge remains the development of clinically useful blood-based biomarkers for risk assessment and early detection. The objective of this study was to identify novel protein markers for ER+/PR+ ductal BC. A nested case-control study was conducted within the Women's Health Initiative observational study. Pre-clinical plasma specimens, collected up to 12.5 months before diagnosis from 121 cases and 121 matched controls, were equally divided into training and testing sets and interrogated using a customized antibody array targeting >2000 proteins. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in matched case versus control signals were observed for 39 candidates in both training and testing sets, and four markers (CSF2, RYBP, TFRC, ITGB4) remained significant after Bonferroni correction (P < 2.03 × 10(-5)). A multivariate modeling procedure based on elastic net regression with Monte Carlo cross-validation achieved an estimated AUC of 0.75 (SD 0.06). Most candidates did not overlap with those described previously for triple-negative BC, suggesting sub-type specificity. Gene set enrichment analyses identified two GO gene sets as upregulated in cases-microtubule cytoskeleton and response to hormone stimulus (P < 0.05, q < 0.25). This study has identified a pool of novel candidate plasma protein biomarkers for ER+/PR+ ductal BC using pre-diagnostic biospecimens. Further validation studies are needed to confirm these candidates and assess their potential clinical utility for BC risk assessment/early detection.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Computational Biology/methods
- Early Detection of Cancer
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- Proteome
- Proteomics/methods
- ROC Curve
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Buas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA,
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Kim SW, Fishilevich E, Arango-Argoty G, Lin Y, Liu G, Li Z, Monaghan AP, Nichols M, John B. Genome-wide transcript profiling reveals novel breast cancer-associated intronic sense RNAs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120296. [PMID: 25798919 PMCID: PMC4370647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play major roles in development and cancer progression. To identify novel ncRNAs that may identify key pathways in breast cancer development, we performed high-throughput transcript profiling of tumor and normal matched-pair tissue samples. Initial transcriptome profiling using high-density genome-wide tiling arrays revealed changes in over 200 novel candidate genomic regions that map to intronic regions. Sixteen genomic loci were identified that map to the long introns of five key protein-coding genes, CRIM1, EPAS1, ZEB2, RBMS1, and RFX2. Consistent with the known role of the tumor suppressor ZEB2 in the cancer-associated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in situ hybridization reveals that the intronic regions deriving from ZEB2 as well as those from RFX2 and EPAS1 are down-regulated in cells of epithelial morphology, suggesting that these regions may be important for maintaining normal epithelial cell morphology. Paired-end deep sequencing analysis reveals a large number of distinct genomic clusters with no coding potential within the introns of these genes. These novel transcripts are only transcribed from the coding strand. A comprehensive search for breast cancer associated genes reveals enrichment for transcribed intronic regions from these loci, pointing to an underappreciated role of introns or mechanisms relating to their biology in EMT and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Kim
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
| | - Elane Fishilevich
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Arango-Argoty
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
| | - Yuefeng Lin
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
| | - Guodong Liu
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
| | - Zhihua Li
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
| | - A. Paula Monaghan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BJ); (MN); (APM)
| | - Mark Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BJ); (MN); (APM)
| | - Bino John
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BJ); (MN); (APM)
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Chu WG, Ryu DW. Clinical significance of serum CA15-3 as a prognostic parameter during follow-up periods in patients with breast cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2015; 90:57-63. [PMID: 26878012 PMCID: PMC4751146 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2016.90.2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the relationship between the kinetics of the serum CA15-3 level and the five-year disease-free survival rate of breast cancer patients. Methods The subjects of this study, 297 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer, were the subset of patients operated on at Kosin University Gospel Hospital from January 2008 to December 2010. We evaluated the change of serum CA15-3 levels during outpatient follow-up period. The changing patterns of serum CA15-3 level were divided into 5 categories; surge without decline, surge with incidental decline, decline without surge, decline with incidental surge, and no change. Clinicopathologic factors were evaluated for each group. Results The number of patients in surge without decline, surge with incidental decline, decline without surge, decline with incidental surge, and no changes groups were 30 (10.1%), 85 (28.6%), 80 (26.9%), 73 (24.6%), and 29 (9.7%), respectively. The clinicopathologic characteristics were not significantly different among these groups. The log rank test found that 5-year disease-free survival rate according to the kinetics of serum CA15-3 levels were significant (P = 0.004) particularly for the surge without decline group. Conclusion According to the findings of this study, the surge without incidental decline pattern of serum CA15-3 levels during the follow-up period is associated with poor prognosis. Significant association was found among changing patterns of serum CA15-3 levels and breast cancer recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Gong Chu
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Won Ryu
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Usefulness of traditional serum biomarkers for management of breast cancer patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:685641. [PMID: 24350285 PMCID: PMC3856124 DOI: 10.1155/2013/685641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of serum tumor markers levels in breast cancer (BC) patients is an economic and noninvasive diagnostic assay frequently requested by clinical oncologists to get information about the presence or absence of disease as well as its evolution. Despite their wide use in clinical practice, there is still an intense debate between scientific organizations about the real usefulness for patient monitoring during followup as well as response to therapy evaluation in case of advanced BC. In this review, we want to highlight the current recommendations published by scientific organizations about the use of “established” BC serum markers (CEA, TPA, TPS, CIFRA-21, CA15-3, and s-HER2) in clinical oncology practice. Moreover, we will focus on recent papers evidencing the usefulness of tumor markers levels measurement as a guide for the prescription and diagnostic integration of molecular imaging exams such as those performed by hybrid 18-fluorofeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography with integrated computed tomography. This technology is nowadays able to detect early cancer lesions undetectable by conventional morphological imaging investigation and most likely responsible for increasing of serum tumor markers levels.
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Zaenker P, Ziman MR. Serologic autoantibodies as diagnostic cancer biomarkers--a review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:2161-81. [PMID: 24057574 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current diagnostic techniques used for the early detection of cancers are successful but subject to detection bias. A recent focus lies in the development of more accurate diagnostic tools. An increase in serologic autoantibody levels has been shown to precede the development of cancer disease symptoms. Therefore, autoantibody levels in patient blood serum have been proposed as diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage diagnosis of cancers. Their clinical application has, however, been hindered by low sensitivity, specificity, and low predictive value scores. These scores have been shown to improve when panels of multiple diagnostic autoantibody biomarkers are used. A five-marker biomarker panel has been shown to increase the sensitivity of prostate cancer diagnosis to 95% as compared with 12.2% for prostate-specific antigen alone. New potential biomarker panels were also discovered for lung, colon, and stomach cancer diagnosis with sensitivity of 76%, 65.4%, and 50.8%, respectively. Studies in breast and liver cancer, however, seem to favor single markers, namely α-2-HS-glycoprotein and des-γ-carboxyprothrombin with sensitivities of 79% and 89% for the early detection of the cancers. The aim of this review is to discuss the relevance of autoantibodies in cancer diagnosis and to outline the current methodologies used in the detection of autoantibodies. The review concludes with a discussion of the autoantibodies currently used in the diagnosis of cancers of the prostate, breast, lung, colon, stomach, and liver. A discussion of the potential future use of autoantibodies as diagnostic cancer biomarkers is also included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Zaenker
- Authors' Affiliations: School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Chung L, Baxter RC. Breast cancer biomarkers: proteomic discovery and translation to clinically relevant assays. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 9:599-614. [PMID: 23256671 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the molecular classification and prognostic assessment of breast tumors based on gene expression profiling is well established, a number of proteomic studies that propose potential breast cancer biomarkers has not yet led to any new diagnostic, prognostic or predictive test in wide clinical use. This review examines the current status of breast cancer biomarkers, discusses sample types (including plasma, tumor tissue, nipple aspirate and ductal lavage, as well as cell culture models) and different electrophoretic and mass spectrometry methods that have been widely used for the discovery of proteomic biomarkers in breast cancer, and also considers several approaches to biomarker validation. The pathway leading from the initial proteomic discovery and validation process to translation into a clinically useful test is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chung
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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30
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Chandler K, Goldman R. Glycoprotein disease markers and single protein-omics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:836-45. [PMID: 23399550 PMCID: PMC3617330 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r112.026930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are well represented among biomarkers for inflammatory and cancer diseases. Secreted and membrane-associated glycoproteins make excellent targets for noninvasive detection. In this review, we discuss clinically applicable markers of cancer diseases and methods for their analysis. High throughput discovery continues to supply marker candidates with unusual glycan structures, altered glycoprotein abundance, or distribution of site-specific glycoforms. Improved analytical methods are needed to unlock the potential of these discoveries in validated clinical assays. A new generation of targeted quantitative assays is expected to advance the use of glycoproteins in early detection of diseases, molecular disease classification, and monitoring of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chandler
- From the Departments of ‡Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology and
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- From the Departments of ‡Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology and
- ¶Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057
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31
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Ilhan-Mutlu A, Wagner L, Preusser M. Circulating biomarkers of CNS tumors: an update. Biomark Med 2013; 7:267-85. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CNS tumors comprise approximately 120 histological subtypes. Advances of surgical resection, radiation and systemic therapy have increased the survival rates of distinct types of CNS tumor patients. There is growing interest in identification of diagnostic, prognostic or predictive blood biomarkers in CNS tumor patients, and emerging studies indicate that certain brain tumors are indeed associated with distinct profiles of circulating factors such as proteins (e.g., glial fibrillary acidic protein), DNA fragments (e.g., containing mutated IDH) or miRNAs (e.g., miRNA-21). However, blood biomarker research in neurooncology is, for the most part, at an exploratory level, and adequately powered and well-designed studies are needed to translate the available interesting but preliminary findings into actual clinical use. In this review, the current knowledge on circulating biomarkers of CNS tumors is briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegül Ilhan-Mutlu
- Department of Medicine I/Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, WaehringerGuertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Central Nervous System Tumours Unit, Medical University of Vienna, WaehringerGuertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Central Nervous System Tumours Unit, Medical University of Vienna, WaehringerGuertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Vienna, WaehringerGuertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Central Nervous System Tumours Unit, Medical University of Vienna, WaehringerGuertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I/Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, WaehringerGuertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Ierardi DF, Raimundo LG, Aguiar G, Germano PBR, Gebrim LH, Carvas N, Calegare BFA, D’Almeida V, Porto CS, Jasiulionis MG, Correa M. Homocysteine as a Biomarker for Predicting Disease-Free Survival in Breast Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abcr.2013.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gheibi A, Kazemi M, Baradaran A, Akbari M, Salehi M. Study of promoter methylation pattern of 14-3-3 sigma gene in normal and cancerous tissue of breast: A potential biomarker for detection of breast cancer in patients. Adv Biomed Res 2012; 1:80. [PMID: 23326810 PMCID: PMC3544103 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.102990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, DNA methylation as a main epigenetic modification in human cancer is found as a promising biomarker in early detection of breast cancer. Possible applications of numerous hypermethylated genes have been reported in diagnosis of breast cancer but there has been a little comprehensive study on the clinical usefulness of these genes in breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the promoter methylation status of 14-3-3 sigma gene with the goal of developing a diagnostic application in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Totally 40 cases of cancerous and noncancerous tissues were studied. DNA was extracted from tissue samples, and promoter methylation pattern was determined by using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Results: Methylation pattern of 14-3-3 sigma promoter significantly differed between control and malignant breast tissues (P = 0.001), and there was no remarkable correlation between methylation and age (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The relationship of promoter methylation of 14-3-3 sigma with development of breast cancer found in this study and confirmed the results of previous reports suggests that we can provide the foundation for possible application of 14-3-3 sigma as a potential biomarker for early detection and monitoring disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gheibi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Genetics, Isfahan, Iran
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Harris SR, Schmitz KH, Campbell KL, McNeely ML. Clinical practice guidelines for breast cancer rehabilitation: syntheses of guideline recommendations and qualitative appraisals. Cancer 2012; 118:2312-24. [PMID: 22488705 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite strides in early detection and management of breast cancer, the primary treatments for this disease continue to result in physical impairments for some of the nearly 3 million people diagnosed annually. Over the past decade, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed with goals of preventing and ameliorating these impairments. However, translation of these guidelines into clinical practice needs to be accelerated. METHODS Relevant health science databases (2001-2011) were searched to identify CPGs on breast cancer rehabilitation for the following impairments: upper extremity restrictions, lymphedema, pain, fatigue, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, treatment-related cardiotoxicity, bone health, and weight management. RESULTS Recommendations from 19 relevant CPGs were first summarized by impairment within tables; commonalities across guidelines, within each impairment, were then synthesized within the article. The CPGs were rated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II); wide variability was noted in rigor of development, clarity of presentation, and stakeholder involvement. The most rigorous and comprehensive of those rated was the adult cancer pain guideline from the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. CONCLUSIONS Based on a large body of evidence published in recent years, including randomized trials and systematic reviews, there is an urgent need for updating the guidelines on upper extremity musculoskeletal impairments and lymphedema. Furthermore, additional research is needed to provide an evidence base for developing rehabilitation guidelines on management of other impairments identified in the prospective surveillance model, eg, arthralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Harris
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Could serum visfatin be a potential biomarker for postmenopausal breast cancer? Maturitas 2012; 71:301-8. [PMID: 22261365 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that visfatin is significantly elevated in patients with gastric carcinoma and postmenopausal breast cancer (PBC). We thus explored whether serum visfatin could be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool for PBC, taking into account clinicopathological features, serum tumor markers, anthropometric and metabolic parameters. METHODS Serum visfatin, tumor marker CA 15-3, carcinoembryonic antigen, metabolic and anthropometric parameters were determined in 103 postmenopausal women with pathologically confirmed, incident invasive breast cancer, 103 controls matched on age and time of diagnosis, and 51 patients with benign breast lesions (BBL). RESULTS Mean serum visfatin was significantly higher in cases than in controls and patients with BBL (p<0.001). In cases, visfatin was significantly associated with CA 15-3 (p=0.03), hormone-receptor status (p<0.001), lymph node invasion (p=0.06) but not with metabolic and anthropometric variables (p>0.05). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER-PR-) was the strongest significant determinant of serum visfatin (p<0.001) in cases adjusting for demographic, metabolic and clinicopathological features. Based upon receiver operator characteristic analysis, serum visfatin outperformed CA 15-3 only in discriminating between PBC cases with early cancer stage than those with late stage, and in differentiating particularly patients with ER-PR- breast tumors. CONCLUSION Further prospective and longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether serum visfatin could be used as a prognostic tool in the armamentarium of PBC monitoring and management in conjunction with other biomarkers.
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Hamrita B, Nasr HB, Hammann P, Kuhn L, Guillier CL, Chaieb A, Khairi H, Chahed K. An elongation factor-like protein (EF-Tu) elicits a humoral response in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas: An immunoproteomics investigation. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:1097-1104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Measurement of human epidermal growth factor receptor type-2 extracellular domain and cancer antigen 15-3 levels in needle washout fluid: a potential adjunct to the cytological diagnosis of breast cancer. Virchows Arch 2011; 458:547-59. [PMID: 21437720 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the measurement of biomarkers in the needle washout fluid after fine needle aspiration cytology could strengthen cytological diagnosis, 29 benign lesions, 26 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), and 95 invasive carcinomas of the breast were analyzed. Immediately after the aspiration samples were expelled onto glass slides, the needle was rinsed out with 2 ml of saline. Human epidermal growth factor receptor two extracellular domain (HER2-ECD) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) in the washout fluid were measured using chemiluminescence. The measuring limit for HER2-ECD (0.5 ng/ml) and that for CA 15-3 (4 U/ml) were used as the cutoff values, respectively. The proportion of patients with positive HER2-ECD values was 6.9% in cases of benign lesions, 26.9% in DCIS, and 10.5% in invasive carcinomas. The proportion of patients with positive CA 15-3 values was 6.9% in cases of benign lesions, 42.3% in DCIS, and 10.5% in invasive carcinomas. The proportion of patients with any biomarker elevation was 6.9% in cases of benign lesions, 46.2% in DCIS, and 15.8% in invasive carcinomas. Thus, biomarker elevation was most frequent in cases of DCIS, followed by invasive carcinomas (P < 0.01). HER2-ECD values over 6 ng/ml or CA 15-3 values over 25 U/ml were seen exclusively in cases of DCIS or invasive ductal carcinomas with an extensive intraductal component. If the biomarker status is included, 5 of 12 cases of DCIS with equivocal cytology categories would be upgraded. Further clinicopathological validation is necessary before applying this new approach to the clinical setting.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the rationale behind the new recommendations for breast cancer screening issued by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). RECENT FINDINGS The USPSTF reviewed new summary evidence provided by the Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center and the Cancer Intervention Surveillance and Modeling Network about benefits and harms including radiation exposure and the likelihood of false-positive testing, unnecessary biopsies and treatments that may not impact overall breast cancer mortality. SUMMARY The USPSTF concluded maximal benefit in breast cancer mortality with least harms can be achieved with biennial mammography screening commenced at age 50 and continuing until age 74 years. A small additional benefit could be realized if screening starts at age 40 years. The USPSTF concluded that the decision to start biennial screening before age 50 years should be a personal one and take into account individual patient context, including an individual's values regarding specific benefits and harms. Evidence from large-scale randomized trials led the USPSTF to recommend against the teaching of breast self-examination. The USPSTF found insufficient evidence to recommend for or against performing clinical breast examination.
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Zhang F, Chen JY. Discovery of pathway biomarkers from coupled proteomics and systems biology methods. BMC Genomics 2010; 11 Suppl 2:S12. [PMID: 21047379 PMCID: PMC2975409 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-s2-s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is worldwide the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer. Plasma proteome profiling may have a higher chance to identify protein changes between plasma samples such as normal and breast cancer tissues. Breast cancer cell lines have long been used by researches as model system for identifying protein biomarkers. A comparison of the set of proteins which change in plasma with previously published findings from proteomic analysis of human breast cancer cell lines may identify with a higher confidence a subset of candidate protein biomarker. Results In this study, we analyzed a liquid chromatography (LC) coupled tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) proteomics dataset from plasma samples of 40 healthy women and 40 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Using a two-sample t-statistics and permutation procedure, we identified 254 statistically significant, differentially expressed proteins, among which 208 are over-expressed and 46 are under-expressed in breast cancer plasma. We validated this result against previously published proteomic results of human breast cancer cell lines and signaling pathways to derive 25 candidate protein biomarkers in a panel. Using the pathway analysis, we observed that the 25 “activated” plasma proteins were present in several cancer pathways, including ‘Complement and coagulation cascades’, ‘Regulation of actin cytoskeleton’, and ‘Focal adhesion’, and match well with previously reported studies. Additional gene ontology analysis of the 25 proteins also showed that cellular metabolic process and response to external stimulus (especially proteolysis and acute inflammatory response) were enriched functional annotations of the proteins identified in the breast cancer plasma samples. By cross-validation using two additional proteomics studies, we obtained 86% and 83% similarities in pathway-protein matrix between the first study and the two testing studies, which is much better than the similarity we measured with proteins. Conclusions We presented a ‘systems biology’ method to identify, characterize, analyze and validate panel biomarkers in breast cancer proteomics data, which includes 1) t statistics and permutation process, 2) network, pathway and function annotation analysis, and 3) cross-validation of multiple studies. Our results showed that the systems biology approach is essential to the understanding molecular mechanisms of panel protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Indiana University School of Informatics, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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41
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Song M, Lee KM, Kang D. Breast cancer prevention based on gene-environment interaction. Mol Carcinog 2010; 50:280-90. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Robinson MK, Alpaugh RK, Borghaei H. Naptumomab estafenatox: a new immunoconjugate. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:273-9. [PMID: 20053143 DOI: 10.1517/14712590903575620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD New agents that specifically engage the immune system are being tested in a variety of malignancies. This review provides an overview of naptumomab, an immunotoxin, with encouraging clinical activity in Phase I trials. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review examines the preclinical and the published clinical data with regards to naptumomab. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review provides the reader with an understanding of the mechanism of action, immunology, pharmacokinetics and clinical activity of this agent. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Naptumomab has a unique mechanism of action and appears to be an active agent in the treatment of refractory solid tumors such as renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Robinson
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Dye TD, Bogale S, Hobden C, Tilahun Y, Hechter V, Deressa T, Bizé M, Reeler A. Complex care systems in developing countries: breast cancer patient navigation in Ethiopia. Cancer 2010; 116:577-85. [PMID: 20029968 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the global visibility and importance of breast cancer increases, especially in developing countries, ensuring that countries strengthen and develop health systems that support prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of a complex chronic disease is a priority. Understanding how breast cancer patients navigate health systems to reach appropriate levels of care is critical in assessing and improving the health system response in countries to an increasing breast cancer burden in their populations. Ethiopia has accelerated attention to breast cancer, expanding clinical and public health efforts at diagnosing and treating breast cancer earlier and more efficiently. METHODS This project used a mixed-method approach to assessing patient navigation of the healthcare system that resulted in care at the cancer referral hospital for Ethiopia (Tikur Anbessa Hospital [TAH]). In total, 69 patients representative of the entire breast cancer clinical population at TAH were interviewed. RESULTS Navigation chains are widely divergent and typically involve 3 or more care nodes until they reach the referral hospital. Patients who consult traditional healers have significantly more care nodes to reach the referral hospital than others, and patients who have direct access to local and regional hospitals have the smallest number of care nodes. Patients report moving laterally from 1 health institution to another or regressing to lower levels of care, sometimes complicated by reinvolving traditional healers. CONCLUSIONS The care system can be streamlined for breast cancer patients in Ethiopia to facilitate patient access to available and clinically effective diagnostic and treatment services in the country, largely through improving local primary care and hospital capacity to provide basic breast cancer services and improve detection and referral.
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Up-regulated proteins in the fluid bathing the tumour cell microenvironment as potential serological markers for early detection of cancer of the breast. Mol Oncol 2009; 4:65-89. [PMID: 20005186 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is by far the most common diagnosed form of cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women today. Clinically useful biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer could lead to a significant reduction in mortality. Here we describe a detailed analysis using gel-based proteomics in combination with mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the tumour interstitial fluids (TIF) and normal interstitial fluids (NIF) collected from 69 prospective breast cancer patients. The goal of this study was to identify abundant cancer up-regulated proteins that are externalised by cells in the tumour microenvironment of most if not all these lesions. To this end, we applied a phased biomarker discovery research strategy to the analysis of these samples rather than comparing all samples among each other, with inherent inter and intra-sample variability problems. To this end, we chose to use samples derived from a single tumour/benign tissue pair (patient 46, triple negative tumour), for which we had well-matched samples in terms of epithelial cell numbers, to generate the initial dataset. In this first phase we found 110 proteins that were up-regulated by a factor of 2 or more in the TIF, some of which were confirmed by IHC. In the second phase, we carried out a systematic computer assisted analysis of the 2D gels of the remaining 68 TIF samples in order to identify TIF 46 up-regulated proteins that were deregulated in 90% or more of all the available TIFs, thus representing common breast cancer markers. This second phase singled out a set of 26 breast cancer markers, most of which were also identified by a complementary analysis using LC-MS/MS. The expression of calreticulin, cellular retinoic acid-binding protein II, chloride intracellular channel protein 1, EF-1-beta, galectin 1, peroxiredoxin-2, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, protein disulfide isomerase and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 5 were further validated using a tissue microarray containing 70 malignant breast carcinomas of various grades of atypia. A significant number of these proteins have already been detected in the blood/plasma/secretome by others. The next steps, which include biomarker prioritization based on the hierarchal evaluation of these markers, antibody and antigen development, assay development, analytical validation, and preliminary testing in the blood of healthy and breast cancer patients, are discussed.
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Tan HT, Low J, Lim SG, Chung MCM. Serum autoantibodies as biomarkers for early cancer detection. FEBS J 2009; 276:6880-904. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Probst S, Arber A, Faithfull S. Malignant fungating wounds: A survey of nurses’ clinical practice in Switzerland. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2009; 13:295-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Clinical significance of a serum CA15-3 surge and the usefulness of CA15-3 kinetics in monitoring chemotherapy response in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 118:89-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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