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A Simple Ratiometric Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on the Thionine–Graphene Nanocomposite for Ultrasensitive Detection of Aflatoxin B2 in Peanut and Peanut Oil. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and reliable analysis of aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) is widely required in food and agricultural industries. In the present work, we report the first use of a ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor for AFB2 detection with high selectivity and reliability. The working principle relies on the conformation change of the aptamer induced by its specific recognition of AFB2 to vary the ratiometric signal. Based on this principle, the proposed aptasensor collects currents generated by thionine–graphene composites (ITHI) and ferrocene-labeled aptamers (IFc) to output the ratiometric signal of ITHI/IFc. In analysis, the value of ITHI remained stable while that of IFc increased with higher AFB2 concentration, thus offering a “signal-off” aptasensor by using ITHI/IFc as a yardstick. The fabricated aptasensor showed a linear range of 0.001–10 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.19 pg mL−1 for AFB2 detection. Furthermore, its applicability was validated by using it to detect AFB2 in peanut and peanut oil samples with high rates of recovery. The developed ratiometric aptasensor shows the merits of simple fabrication and high accuracy, and it can be extended to detect other mycotoxins in agricultural products.
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Aptasensors for mycotoxin detection: A review. Anal Biochem 2021; 644:114156. [PMID: 33716125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungi, which represent a risk to the food and feed supply chain, having an impact on health and economies. A high percentage of feed samples have been reported to be contaminated with more than one type of mycotoxin. Systematic, cost-effective and simple tools for testing are critical to achieve a rapid and accurate screening of food and feed quality. In this review, we describe the various aptamers that have been selected against mycotoxins and their incorporation into optical and electrochemical aptasensors, outlining the strategies exploited, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. The review also discusses the different materials used and the immobilization methods employed, with the aim of achieving the highest sensitivity and selectivity.
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Kumar A, Darreh-Shori T. DMSO: A Mixed-Competitive Inhibitor of Human Acetylcholinesterase. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2618-2625. [PMID: 29017007 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the most common organic solvent used in biochemical and cellular assays during drug discovery programs. Despite its wide use, the effect of DMSO on several enzyme classes, which are crucial targets of the new therapeutic agents, are still unexplored. Here, we report the detailed biochemical analysis of the effects of DMSO on the human acetylcholine-degrading enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the primary target of current Alzheimer's therapeutics. Our analysis showed that DMSO is a considerably potent and highly selective irreversible mixed-competitive inhibitor of human AChE with IC50 values in the lower millimolar range, corresponding to 0.88% to 2.6% DMSO (v/v). Most importantly, 1-4% (v/v) DMSO, the commonly used experimental concentrations, showed ∼37-80% inhibition of human AChE activity. We believe that our results will assist in developing stringent protocols and help in the better interpretation of experimental outcomes during screening and biological evaluation of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology,
Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, NOVUM, 4th Floor, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taher Darreh-Shori
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology,
Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, NOVUM, 4th Floor, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kumar R, Kumar A, Långström B, Darreh-Shori T. Discovery of novel choline acetyltransferase inhibitors using structure-based virtual screening. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16287. [PMID: 29176551 PMCID: PMC5701137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease and related dementias are major challenges, demanding urgent needs for earliest possible diagnosis to optimize the success rate in finding effective therapeutic interventions. Mounting solid scientific premises point at the core acetylcholine-biosynthesizing cholinergic enzyme, ChAT as a legitimate in vivo target for developing positron emission tomography biomarker for early diagnosis and/or monitoring therapeutic responses in the neurodegenerative dementias. Up-to-date, no PET tracer ligands for ChAT are available. Here we report for the first time a novel hierarchical virtual screening approach on a commercial library of ~300,000 compounds, followed by in vitro screening of the hits by a new High-Throughput ChAT assay. We report detailed pharmacodynamic data for three identified selective novel ChAT ligands with IC50 and Ki values ranging from ~7 to 26 µM. In addition, several novel selective inhibitors of the acetylcholine-degrading enzymes, AChE and BuChE were identified, with one of the compounds showing an IC50-value of ~6 µM for AChE. In conclusion, this report provides an excellent starting platform for designing and optimizing potent and selective ChAT ligands, with high potential as PET-imaging probe for early diagnosis of AD, and related dementias, such as Down’s syndrome and Lewy body disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology., NOVUM, 4th Floor, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology., NOVUM, 4th Floor, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Långström
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taher Darreh-Shori
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology., NOVUM, 4th Floor, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lv X, Zhang Y, Liu G, Du L, Wang S. Aptamer-based fluorescent detection of ochratoxin A by quenching of gold nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01474k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, low cost and highly sensitive method for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) was developed based on the principle that dispersed AuNPs show a better fluorescence quenching effect than aggregated AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- China
| | - Yuanfu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- China
| | - Guofu Liu
- College of Life Science
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- China
| | - Lingyun Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- China
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A simple aptamer-based fluorescent assay for the detection of Aflatoxin B1 in infant rice cereal. Food Chem 2016; 215:377-82. [PMID: 27542489 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent assay for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was developed in this study. Initially, a DNA/DNA duplex was formed between a fluorescein-labeled AFB1 aptamer and its partially complementary DNA strand containing a quencher moiety, resulting in fluorescence quenching due to the close proximity of fluorophore and quencher. Upon the addition of AFB1, an aptamer/AFB1 complex was generated to release the quencher-modified DNA strand, thus recovered the fluorescence of fluorescein and enabled quantitative detection for AFB1 by monitoring fluorescence enhancement. Under optimized conditions, this assay exhibited a linear response to AFB1 in the range of 5-100ng/mL with a detection limit down to 1.6ng/mL. Trials of this assay in infant rice cereal with satisfactory recovery in the range of 93.0%-106.8%, demonstrate that the new assay could be a potential sensing platform for AFB1 determination in food.
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Bazin I, Tria SA, Hayat A, Marty JL. New biorecognition molecules in biosensors for the detection of toxins. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:285-298. [PMID: 27568847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological and synthetic recognition elements are at the heart of the majority of modern bioreceptor assays. Traditionally, enzymes and antibodies have been integrated in the biosensor designs as a popular choice for the detection of toxin molecules. But since 1970s, alternative biological and synthetic binders have been emerged as a promising alternative to conventional biorecognition elements in detection systems for laboratory and field-based applications. Recent research has witnessed immense interest in the use of recombinant enzymatic methodologies and nanozymes to circumvent the drawbacks associated with natural enzymes. In the area of antibody production, technologies based on the modification of in vivo synthesized materials and in vitro approaches with development of "display "systems have been introduced in the recent years. Subsequently, molecularly-imprinted polymers and Peptide nucleic acid (PNAs) were developed as an attractive receptor with applications in the area of sample preparation and detection systems. In this article, we discuss all alternatives to conventional biomolecules employed in the detection of various toxin molecules We review recent developments in modified enzymes, nanozymes, nanobodies, aptamers, peptides, protein scaffolds and DNazymes. With the advent of nanostructures and new interface materials, these recognition elements will be major players in future biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Bazin
- École des Mines d'Alès, 6 Avenuede Clavières, 30100 Alès Cedex, France.
| | - Scherrine A Tria
- École des Mines d'Alès, 6 Avenuede Clavières, 30100 Alès Cedex, France
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- BAE (Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement), Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France; Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- BAE (Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement), Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France
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Chauhan R, Singh J, Sachdev T, Basu T, Malhotra BD. Recent advances in mycotoxins detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:532-545. [PMID: 27019032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins contamination in both food and feed is inevitable. Mycotoxin toxicity in foodstuff can occur at very low concentrations necessitating early availability of sensitive and reliable methods for their detection. The present research thrust is towards the development of a user friendly biosensor for mycotoxin detection at both academic and industrial levels to replace conventional expensive chromatographic and ELISA techniques. This review critically analyzes the recent research trend towards the construction of immunosensor, aptasensor, enzymatic sensors and others for mycotoxin detection with a reference to label and label free methods, synthesis of new materials including nano dimension, and transuding techniques. Technological aspects in the development of biosensors for mycotoxin detection, current challenges and future prospects are also included to provide a overview and suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Polymer Technology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
| | - Tushar Sachdev
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
| | - T Basu
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
| | - B D Malhotra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
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Visual and microplate detection of aflatoxin B2 based on NaCl-induced aggregation of aptamer-modified gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Du H, Liu J, Xun Y, Liang J, Li S, Chen G. Determination of Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenone, Aflatoxin B1, and Ochratoxin by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.891125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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