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Chiappa M, Decio A, Guarrera L, Mengoli I, Karki A, Yemane D, Ghilardi C, Scanziani E, Canesi S, Barbera MC, Craparotta I, Bolis M, Fruscio R, Grasselli C, Ceruti T, Zucchetti M, Patterson JC, Lu RA, Yaffe MB, Ridinger M, Damia G, Guffanti F. Onvansertib treatment overcomes olaparib resistance in high-grade ovarian carcinomas. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:521. [PMID: 39039067 PMCID: PMC11263393 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Occurrence of resistance to olaparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) approved in ovarian carcinoma, has already been shown in clinical settings. Identifying combination treatments to sensitize tumor cells and/or overcome resistance to olaparib is critical. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a master regulator of mitosis, is also involved in the DNA damage response promoting homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair and in the recovery from the G2/M checkpoint. We hypothesized that PLK1 inhibition could sensitize tumor cells to PARP inhibition. Onvansertib, a highly selective PLK1 inhibitor, and olaparib were tested in vitro and in vivo in BRCA1 mutated and wild-type (wt) ovarian cancer models, including patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) resistant to olaparib. The combination of onvansertib and olaparib was additive or synergic in different ovarian cancer cell lines, causing a G2/M block of the cell cycle, DNA damage, and apoptosis, much more pronounced in cells treated with the two drugs as compared to controls and single agents treated cells. The combined treatment was well tolerated in vivo and resulted in tumor growth inhibition and a statistically increased survival in olaparib-resistant-BRCA1 mutated models. The combination was also active, although to a lesser extent, in BRCA1 wt PDXs. Pharmacodynamic analyses showed an increase in mitotic, apoptotic, and DNA damage markers in tumor samples derived from mice treated with the combination versus vehicle. We could demonstrate that in vitro onvansertib inhibited both HR and non-homologous end-joining repair pathways and in vivo induced a decrease in the number of RAD51 foci-positive tumor cells, supporting its ability to induce HR deficiency and favoring the activity of olaparib. Considering that the combination was well tolerated, these data support and foster the clinical evaluation of onvansertib with PARPis in ovarian cancer, particularly in the PARPis-resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Chiappa
- Laboratory of Preclinical Gynecological Oncology, Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Decio
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Guarrera
- Computational Oncology Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mengoli
- Laboratory of Preclinical Gynecological Oncology, Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Anju Karki
- R&D Department, Cardiff Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Divora Yemane
- R&D Department, Cardiff Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carmen Ghilardi
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi Campus, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), UniMi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Canesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi Campus, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), UniMi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria C Barbera
- Computational Oncology Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Craparotta
- Computational Oncology Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bolis
- Computational Oncology Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Fruscio
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Grasselli
- Immuno-Pharmacology Unit, Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Ceruti
- Laboratory of Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Experimental Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Zucchetti
- Laboratory of Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Experimental Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Jesse C Patterson
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robin A Lu
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Micheal B Yaffe
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maya Ridinger
- R&D Department, Cardiff Oncology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Preclinical Gynecological Oncology, Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Guffanti
- Laboratory of Preclinical Gynecological Oncology, Experimental Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Ma J, Shah R, Bell AC, McDermott N, Pei X, Selenica P, Haseltine J, Delsite R, Khan AJ, Lok BH, Ellis MJ, Aft RF, Setton J, Reis-Filho JS, Riaz N, Powell SN. Increased Synthetic Cytotoxicity of Combinatorial Chemoradiation Therapy in Homologous Recombination Deficient Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)02946-8. [PMID: 38997095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Homologous recombination deficient (HRD) tumors are exquisitely sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy and when combined with radiation therapy (RT), leads to improved overall survival in multiple cancer types. Whether a subset of tumors with distinct molecular characteristics demonstrate increased benefit from cisplatin and RT (c-RT) is unclear. We hypothesized that HRD tumors, whether associated with BRCA mutations or genomic scars of HRD, exhibit exquisite sensitivity to c-RT, and that HRD may be a significant driver of c-RT benefit. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sensitivity to c-RT was examined using isogenic and sporadic breast cancer cell lines. HRD was assessed using 4 assays: RT-induced Rad51 foci, a DR-GFP reporter assay, a genomic scar score (large-scale state transitions [LST]), and clonogenic survival assays. Whole-genome sequencing of 4 breast tumors from a phase 2 clinical trial of neoadjuvant c-RT in triple-negative breast cancer was performed and HRD was defined using HRDetect. RESULTS BRCA1/2 deficient cell lines displayed functional HRD based on the Rad51 functional assay, with c-RT to RT or cisplatin interaction ratios (IR) of 1.11 and 26.84 for the BRCA1 isogenic pair at 2 μM cisplatin and 6 Gy, respectively. The highest LST lines demonstrated HRD and synthetic cytotoxicity to c-RT with IR at 2 Gy and cisplatin 20 μM of 7.50, and the lowest LST line with IR of 0.65. Of 4 evaluable patients in the phase 2 trial, one achieved a pathologic complete response with corresponding HRD based on multiple genomic scar scores including HRDetect and LST scores, compared with patients without a pathologic complete response. CONCLUSIONS HRD breast cancers, whether identified by BRCA1/2 mutation status, functional tests, or mutational signatures, appear to be significantly more sensitive to c-RT compared with isogenic controls or tumors without HRD mutational signatures. HRD tumors may be exquisitely sensitive to c-RT which warrants further clinical investigation to guide a precision oncology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ma
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rachna Shah
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew C Bell
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Niamh McDermott
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xin Pei
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pier Selenica
- Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Justin Haseltine
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert Delsite
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Atif J Khan
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Radiation Oncology; Medical Biophysics; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca F Aft
- Department of General Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeremy Setton
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Nadeem Riaz
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Simon N Powell
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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3
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Ahmed A, Kato N, Gautier J. Replication-Independent ICL Repair: From Chemotherapy to Cell Homeostasis. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168618. [PMID: 38763228 PMCID: PMC11227339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are a type of covalent lesion that can prevent transcription and replication by inhibiting DNA strand separation and instead trigger cell death. ICL inducing compounds are commonly used as chemotherapies due to their effectiveness in inhibiting cell proliferation. Naturally occurring crosslinking agents formed from metabolic processes can also pose a challenge to genome stability especially in slowly or non-dividing cells. Cells maintain a variety of ICL repair mechanisms to cope with this stressor within and outside the S phase of the cell cycle. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of various replication-independent ICL repair pathways and how crosslink repair efficiency is tied to aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooba Ahmed
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niyo Kato
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean Gautier
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Vagelos, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Yang SF, Nelson CB, Wells JK, Fernando M, Lu R, Allen JAM, Malloy L, Lamm N, Murphy VJ, Mackay JP, Deans AJ, Cesare AJ, Sobinoff AP, Pickett HA. ZNF827 is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that regulates the ATR-CHK1 DNA damage response pathway. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2210. [PMID: 38472229 PMCID: PMC10933417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The ATR-CHK1 DNA damage response pathway becomes activated by the exposure of RPA-coated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that forms as an intermediate during DNA damage and repair, and as a part of the replication stress response. Here, we identify ZNF827 as a component of the ATR-CHK1 kinase pathway. We demonstrate that ZNF827 is a ssDNA binding protein that associates with RPA through concurrent binding to ssDNA intermediates. These interactions are dependent on two clusters of C2H2 zinc finger motifs within ZNF827. We find that ZNF827 accumulates at stalled forks and DNA damage sites, where it activates ATR and promotes the engagement of homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Additionally, we demonstrate that ZNF827 depletion inhibits replication initiation and sensitizes cancer cells to the topoisomerase inhibitor topotecan, revealing ZNF827 as a therapeutic target within the DNA damage response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile F Yang
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Christopher B Nelson
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Jadon K Wells
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Madushan Fernando
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Robert Lu
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Joshua A M Allen
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Lisa Malloy
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Noa Lamm
- Nuclear Dynamics Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Vincent J Murphy
- Genome Stability Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Joel P Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew J Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Anthony J Cesare
- Genome Integrity Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Alexander P Sobinoff
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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5
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de la Peña Avalos B, Paquet N, Tropée R, Coulombe Y, Palacios H, Leung J, Masson JY, Duijf PG, Dray E. The protein phosphatase EYA4 promotes homologous recombination (HR) through dephosphorylation of tyrosine 315 on RAD51. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1173-1187. [PMID: 38084915 PMCID: PMC10853800 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient DNA repair and limitation of genome rearrangements rely on crosstalk between different DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways, and their synchronization with the cell cycle. The selection, timing and efficacy of DSB repair pathways are influenced by post-translational modifications of histones and DNA damage repair (DDR) proteins, such as phosphorylation. While the importance of kinases and serine/threonine phosphatases in DDR have been extensively studied, the role of tyrosine phosphatases in DNA repair remains poorly understood. In this study, we have identified EYA4 as the protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates RAD51 on residue Tyr315. Through its Tyr phosphatase activity, EYA4 regulates RAD51 localization, presynaptic filament formation, foci formation, and activity. Thus, it is essential for homologous recombination (HR) at DSBs. DNA binding stimulates EYA4 phosphatase activity. Depletion of EYA4 decreases single-stranded DNA accumulation following DNA damage and impairs HR, while overexpression of EYA4 in cells promotes dephosphorylation and stabilization of RAD51, and thereby nucleoprotein filament formation. Our data have implications for a pathological version of RAD51 in EYA4-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara de la Peña Avalos
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Paquet
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Romain Tropée
- Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yan Coulombe
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Hannah Palacios
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Justin W Leung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health and Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Centre for Cancer Biology, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia & SA Pathology, Adelaide SA, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eloïse Dray
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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6
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Zhou J, Nie R, He Z, Cai X, Chen J, Lin W, Yin Y, Xiang Z, Zhu T, Xie J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Lin P, Xie D, D'Andrea AD, Cai M. STAG2 Regulates Homologous Recombination Repair and Sensitivity to ATM Inhibition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302494. [PMID: 37985839 PMCID: PMC10754142 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Stromal antigen 2 (STAG2), a subunit of the cohesin complex, is recurrently mutated in various tumors. However, the role of STAG2 in DNA repair and its therapeutic implications are largely unknown. Here it is reported that knockout of STAG2 results in increased double-stranded breaks (DSBs) and chromosomal aberrations by reducing homologous recombination (HR) repair, and confers hypersensitivity to inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATMi), Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARPi), or the combination of both. Of note, the impaired HR by STAG2-deficiency is mainly attributed to the restored expression of KMT5A, which in turn methylates H4K20 (H4K20me0) to H4K20me1 and thereby decreases the recruitment of BRCA1-BARD1 to chromatin. Importantly, STAG2 expression correlates with poor prognosis of cancer patients. STAG2 is identified as an important regulator of HR and a potential therapeutic strategy for STAG2-mutant tumors is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
- Guangxi International Travel Healthcare Centre (Port Clinic of Nanning Customs District)NanningGuangxi530021China
| | - Run‐Cong Nie
- Department of Gastric SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Zhang‐Ping He
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Xiao‐Xia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Jie‐Wei Chen
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Wen‐ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Yi‐Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Zhi‐Cheng Xiang
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Tian‐Chen Zhu
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Juan‐Juan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - You‐Cheng Zhang
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMA02215USA
- Center for DNA Damage and RepairDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMA02215USA
| | - Mu‐Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
- Department of PathologyState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
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7
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Liu W, Polaczek P, Roubal I, Meng Y, Choe WC, Caron MC, Sedgeman C, Xi Y, Liu C, Wu Q, Zheng L, Masson JY, Shen B, Campbell J. FANCD2 and RAD51 recombinase directly inhibit DNA2 nuclease at stalled replication forks and FANCD2 acts as a novel RAD51 mediator in strand exchange to promote genome stability. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9144-9165. [PMID: 37526271 PMCID: PMC10516637 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
FANCD2 protein, a key coordinator and effector of the interstrand crosslink repair pathway, is also required to prevent excessive nascent strand degradation at hydroxyurea-induced stalled forks. The RAD51 recombinase has also been implicated in regulation of resection at stalled replication forks. The mechanistic contributions of these proteins to fork protection are not well understood. Here, we used purified FANCD2 and RAD51 to study how each protein regulates DNA resection at stalled forks. We characterized three mechanisms of FANCD2-mediated fork protection: (1) The N-terminal domain of FANCD2 inhibits the essential DNA2 nuclease activity by directly binding to DNA2 accounting for over-resection in FANCD2 defective cells. (2) Independent of dimerization with FANCI, FANCD2 itself stabilizes RAD51 filaments to inhibit multiple nucleases, including DNA2, MRE11 and EXO1. (3) Unexpectedly, we uncovered a new FANCD2 function: by stabilizing RAD51 filaments, FANCD2 acts to stimulate the strand exchange activity of RAD51. Our work biochemically explains non-canonical mechanisms by which FANCD2 and RAD51 protect stalled forks. We propose a model in which the strand exchange activity of FANCD2 provides a simple molecular explanation for genetic interactions between FANCD2 and BRCA2 in the FA/BRCA fork protection pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Liu
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Colleges of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Piotr Polaczek
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ivan Roubal
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
- Colleges of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Won-chae Choe
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Caron
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Carl A Sedgeman
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yu Xi
- Colleges of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
- Colleges of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Binghui Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Judith L Campbell
- Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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8
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Jiang T, Chen J, Wang Z, Wang X, Ma J, Zhao F, Huang C, Chen Y. miR-4796 enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to ionising radiation by impairing the DNA repair pathway. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:691-702. [PMID: 37460775 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of DNA damage response (DDR) through post-transcriptional regulation on their target genes, which are implicated in DDR and DNA repair (DR). In this study, we investigated the functional roles and target genes of miR-4796 and miR-1287 in breast cancer cells in response to radiation. The molecular mechanism of miR-4796 in regulating the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells was also elucidated. METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction detected miR-4796 and miR-1287 expression; colony formation assay and irradiation therapy tumour xenograft in vivo examined radiosensitising effect; comet assay assessed DNA damage; immunofluorescence imaging determined the formation of γ-H2AX foci; targetscan and RegRNA predicted target mRNAs; luciferase reporter and mutation assays validated target genes; western blotting detected the expression of genes at the protein level; and flow cytometry quantified the activities of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). RESULTS The expressions of miR-4796 and miR-1287 were acutely fluctuated in response to ionising radiation. In the absence of radiation, overexpression of miR-1287 dramatically promoted growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of miR-4796 did not affect cell growth. When under the treatment with radiation, overexpression of miR-4796 suppressed DR and sensitised cancer cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo. However, such effect was only observed in cell assays in the overexpressed miR-1287 group, and not confirmed in vivo. We therefore further explored the molecular mechanism of action of miR-4796, and found that miR-4796 targeted multiple components of DDR and DR, including ATM, BRCA1, PARP and RAD51. Moreover, overexpression of miR-4796 inhibited the expression of these DDR components at the protein level. In addition, miR-4796 inhibited HR and NHEJ repair pathways and aggravated radiation-induced DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS The findings here suggest that miR-4796 can enhance radiation-induced cell death by directly targeting multiple DDR components, and repress NHEJ and HR DNA repair pathways. miR-4796 can act as an effective radiation sensitising agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Target Discovery Institute, NDM Research Building, Oxford Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Biomedical Experimental Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yanke Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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9
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Schultz CW, Zhang Y, Elmeskini R, Zimmermann A, Fu H, Murai Y, Wangsa D, Kumar S, Takahashi N, Atkinson D, Saha LK, Lee C, Elenbaas B, Desai P, Sebastian R, Sharma AK, Abel M, Schroeder B, Krishnamurthy M, Kumar R, Roper N, Aladjem M, Zenke FT, Ohler ZW, Pommier Y, Thomas A. ATR inhibition augments the efficacy of lurbinectedin in small-cell lung cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17313. [PMID: 37491889 PMCID: PMC10405061 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202217313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most lethal type of lung cancer. Specifically, MYC-driven non-neuroendocrine SCLC is particularly resistant to standard therapies. Lurbinectedin was recently approved for the treatment of relapsed SCLC, but combinatorial approaches are needed to increase the depth and duration of responses to lurbinectedin. Using high-throughput screens, we found inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3 related (ATR) as the most effective agents for augmenting lurbinectedin efficacy. First-in-class ATR inhibitor berzosertib synergized with lurbinectedin in multiple SCLC cell lines, organoid, and in vivo models. Mechanistically, ATR inhibition abrogated S-phase arrest induced by lurbinectedin and forced cell cycle progression causing mitotic catastrophe and cell death. High CDKN1A/p21 expression was associated with decreased synergy due to G1 arrest, while increased levels of ERCC5/XPG were predictive of increased combination efficacy. Importantly, MYC-driven non-neuroendocrine tumors which are resistant to first-line therapies show reduced CDKN1A/p21 expression and increased ERCC5/XPG indicating they are primed for response to lurbinectedin-berzosertib combination. The combination is being assessed in a clinical trial NCT04802174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Schultz
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Rajaa Elmeskini
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Astrid Zimmermann
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyMerck KGaA, Biopharma R&DDarmstadtGermany
| | - Haiqing Fu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Yasuhisa Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Medical Oncology BranchNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Devon Atkinson
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Liton Kumar Saha
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Chien‐Fei Lee
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyEMD Serono Research and Development Institute Inc., Biopharma R&DBillericaMAUSA
| | - Brian Elenbaas
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyEMD Serono Research and Development Institute Inc., Biopharma R&DBillericaMAUSA
| | - Parth Desai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Robin Sebastian
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Ajit Kumar Sharma
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Melissa Abel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Brett Schroeder
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Manan Krishnamurthy
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Mirit Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Frank T Zenke
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyMerck KGaA, Biopharma R&DDarmstadtGermany
| | - Zoe Weaver Ohler
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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10
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Gregorczyk M, Pastore G, Muñoz I, Carroll T, Streubel J, Munro M, Lis P, Lange S, Lamoliatte F, Macartney T, Toth R, Brown F, Hastie J, Pereira G, Durocher D, Rouse J. Functional characterization of C21ORF2 association with the NEK1 kinase mutated in human in diseases. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201740. [PMID: 37188479 PMCID: PMC10185812 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The NEK1 kinase controls ciliogenesis, mitosis, and DNA repair, and NEK1 mutations cause human diseases including axial spondylometaphyseal dysplasia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. C21ORF2 mutations cause a similar pattern of human diseases, suggesting close functional links with NEK1 Here, we report that endogenous NEK1 and C21ORF2 form a tight complex in human cells. A C21ORF2 interaction domain "CID" at the C-terminus of NEK1 is necessary for its association with C21ORF2 in cells, and pathogenic mutations in this region disrupt the complex. AlphaFold modelling predicts an extended binding interface between a leucine-rich repeat domain in C21ORF2 and the NEK1-CID, and our model may explain why pathogenic mutations perturb the complex. We show that NEK1 mutations that inhibit kinase activity or weaken its association with C21ORF2 severely compromise ciliogenesis, and that C21ORF2, like NEK1 is required for homologous recombination. These data enhance our understanding of how the NEK1 kinase is regulated, and they shed light on NEK1-C21ORF2-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gregorczyk
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Graziana Pastore
- The Lunenfeld-Tannenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ivan Muñoz
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas Carroll
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Johanna Streubel
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meagan Munro
- The Lunenfeld-Tannenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pawel Lis
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sven Lange
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Frederic Lamoliatte
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas Macartney
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rachel Toth
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Fiona Brown
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - James Hastie
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gislene Pereira
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Durocher
- The Lunenfeld-Tannenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John Rouse
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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11
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Akinjiyan FA, Morecroft R, Phillipps J, Adeyelu T, Elliott A, Park SJ, Butt OH, Zhou AY, Ansstas G. Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) in Cutaneous Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10771. [PMID: 37445949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma, are the most common malignancies in the United States. Loss of DNA repair pathways in the skin plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. In recent years, targeting DNA repair pathways, particularly homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach in cutaneous malignancies. This review provides an overview of DNA damage and repair pathways, with a focus on HRD, and discusses major advances in targeting these pathways in skin cancers. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been developed to exploit HRD in cancer cells. PARP inhibitors disrupt DNA repair mechanisms by inhibiting PARP enzymatic activity, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage and cell death. The concept of synthetic lethality has been demonstrated in HR-deficient cells, such as those with BRCA1/2 mutations, which exhibit increased sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. HRD assessment methods, including genomic scars, RAD51 foci formation, functional assays, and BRCA1/2 mutation analysis, are discussed as tools for identifying patients who may benefit from PARP inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, HRD has been implicated in the response to immunotherapy, and the combination of PARP inhibitors with immunotherapy has shown promising results. The frequency of HRD in melanoma ranges from 18% to 57%, and studies investigating the use of PARP inhibitors as monotherapy in melanoma are limited. Further research is warranted to explore the potential of PARP inhibition in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favour A Akinjiyan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Renee Morecroft
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jordan Phillipps
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | | | - Soo J Park
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Omar H Butt
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alice Y Zhou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - George Ansstas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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12
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Dey G, Bharti R, Braley C, Alluri R, Esakov E, Crean-Tate K, McCrae K, Joehlin-Price A, Rose PG, Lathia J, Gong Z, Reizes O. LCK facilitates DNA damage repair by stabilizing RAD51 and BRCA1 in the nucleus of chemoresistant ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:122. [PMID: 37370140 PMCID: PMC10294509 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) targeted therapy is clinically approved for the treatment of homologous recombination (HR) repair deficient tumors. The remarkable success of this therapy in the treatment of HR repair deficient cancers has not translated to HR-proficient cancers. Our studies identify the novel role of non-receptor lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) in the regulation of HR repair in endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancer (eEOC) model. We show that DNA damage leads to direct interaction of LCK with the HR repair proteins RAD51 and BRCA1 in a kinase dependent manner RAD51 and BRCA1 stabilization. LCK expression is induced and activated in the nucleus in response to DNA damage insult. Disruption of LCK expression attenuates RAD51, BRCA1, and BRCA2 protein expression by hampering there stability and results in inhibition of HR-mediated DNA repair including suppression of RAD51 foci formation, and augmentation of γH2AX foci formation. In contrast LCK overexpression leads to increased RAD51 and BRCA1 expression with a concomitant increase in HR DNA damage repair. Importantly, attenuation of LCK sensitizes HR-proficient eEOC cells to PARP inhibitor in cells and pre-clinical mouse studies. Collectively, our findings identify a novel therapeutic strategy to expand the utility of PARP targeted therapy in HR proficient ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Dey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Rashmi Bharti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Chad Braley
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Ravi Alluri
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Emily Esakov
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Katie Crean-Tate
- Division of Gynecologic Cancer, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Keith McCrae
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Peter G Rose
- Division of Gynecologic Cancer, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zihua Gong
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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13
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Calses PC, Pham VC, Guarnaccia AD, Choi M, Verschueren E, Bakker ST, Pham TH, Hinkle T, Liu C, Chang MT, Kljavin N, Bakalarski C, Haley B, Zou J, Yan C, Song X, Lin X, Rowntree R, Ashworth A, Dey A, Lill JR. TEAD Proteins Associate With DNA Repair Proteins to Facilitate Cellular Recovery From DNA Damage. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100496. [PMID: 36640924 PMCID: PMC9947421 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional enhanced associate domain family members 1 to 4 (TEADs) are a family of four transcription factors and the major transcriptional effectors of the Hippo pathway. In order to activate transcription, TEADs rely on interactions with other proteins, such as the transcriptional effectors Yes-associated protein and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif. Nuclear protein interactions involving TEADs influence the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in cell growth, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. Clearly, protein interactions for TEADs are functionally important, but the full repertoire of TEAD interaction partners remains unknown. Here, we employed an affinity purification mass spectrometry approach to identify nuclear interacting partners of TEADs. We performed affinity purification mass spectrometry experiment in parallel in two different cell types and compared a wildtype TEAD bait protein to a nuclear localization sequence mutant that does not localize to the nucleus. We quantified the results using SAINT analysis and found a significant enrichment of proteins linked to DNA damage including X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 (XRCC5), X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6 (XRCC6), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), and Rap1-interacting factor 1 (RIF1). In cellular assays, we found that TEADs co-localize with DNA damage-induced nuclear foci marked by histone H2AX phosphorylated on S139 (γH2AX) and Rap1-interacting factor 1. We also found that depletion of TEAD proteins makes cells more susceptible to DNA damage by various agents and that depletion of TEADs promotes genomic instability. Additionally, depleting TEADs dampens the efficiency of DNA double-stranded break repair in reporter assays. Our results connect TEADs to DNA damage response processes, positioning DNA damage as an important avenue for further research of TEAD proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philamer C Calses
- Departments of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics & Lipidomics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Victoria C Pham
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics & Lipidomics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alissa D Guarnaccia
- Departments of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics & Lipidomics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Meena Choi
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics & Lipidomics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erik Verschueren
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics & Lipidomics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sietske T Bakker
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Trang H Pham
- Departments of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Trent Hinkle
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics & Lipidomics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chad Liu
- Departments of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew T Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Noelyn Kljavin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Corey Bakalarski
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics & Lipidomics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Haley
- Departments of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jianing Zou
- Department of Biology, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuicui Yan
- Department of Biology, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Song
- Department of Biology, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Biology, Research Service Division, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China
| | - Rebecca Rowntree
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alan Ashworth
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Departments of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Jennie R Lill
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics & Lipidomics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.
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14
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Dalla Pozza M, Abdullrahman A, Cardin CJ, Gasser G, Hall JP. Three's a crowd - stabilisation, structure, and applications of DNA triplexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10193-10215. [PMID: 36277639 PMCID: PMC9473520 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01793h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is a strikingly flexible molecule and can form a variety of secondary structures, including the triple helix, which is the subject of this review. The DNA triplex may be formed naturally, during homologous recombination, or can be formed by the introduction of a synthetic triplex forming oligonucleotide (TFO) to a DNA duplex. As the TFO will bind to the duplex with sequence specificity, there is significant interest in developing TFOs with potential therapeutic applications, including using TFOs as a delivery mechanism for compounds able to modify or damage DNA. However, to combine triplexes with functionalised compounds, a full understanding of triplex structure and chemical modification strategies, which may increase triplex stability or in vivo degradation, is essential - these areas will be discussed in this review. Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes, which are able to photooxidise DNA and act as luminescent DNA probes, may serve as a suitable photophysical payload for a TFO system and the developments in this area in the context of DNA triplexes will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalla Pozza
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology F-75005 Paris France www.gassergroup.com
| | - Ahmad Abdullrahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Pharmacy Building, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus Reading Berkshire RG6 6AD UK
| | - Christine J Cardin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology F-75005 Paris France www.gassergroup.com
| | - James P Hall
- Department of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Pharmacy Building, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus Reading Berkshire RG6 6AD UK
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15
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Kornepati AV, Boyd JT, Murray CE, Saifetiarova J, de la Peña Avalos B, Rogers CM, Bai H, Padron AS, Liao Y, Ontiveros C, Svatek RS, Hromas R, Li R, Hu Y, Conejo-Garcia JR, Vadlamudi RK, Zhao W, Dray E, Sung P, Curiel TJ. Tumor Intrinsic PD-L1 Promotes DNA Repair in Distinct Cancers and Suppresses PARP Inhibitor-Induced Synthetic Lethality. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2156-2170. [PMID: 35247877 PMCID: PMC9987177 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-mediated homologous recombination is an important DNA repair mechanism that is the target of FDA-approved PARP inhibitors, yet details of BRCA1-mediated functions remain to be fully elucidated. Similarly, immune checkpoint molecules are targets of FDA-approved cancer immunotherapies, but the biological and mechanistic consequences of their application are incompletely understood. We show here that the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 regulates homologous recombination in cancer cells by promoting BRCA1 nuclear foci formation and DNA end resection. Genetic depletion of tumor PD-L1 reduced homologous recombination, increased nonhomologous end joining, and elicited synthetic lethality to PARP inhibitors olaparib and talazoparib in vitro in some, but not all, BRCA1 wild-type tumor cells. In vivo, genetic depletion of tumor PD-L1 rendered olaparib-resistant tumors sensitive to olaparib. In contrast, anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade neither enhanced olaparib synthetic lethality nor improved its efficacy in vitro or in wild-type mice. Tumor PD-L1 did not alter expression of BRCA1 or its cofactor BARD1 but instead coimmunoprecipitated with BARD1 and increased BRCA1 nuclear accumulation. Tumor PD-L1 depletion enhanced tumor CCL5 expression and TANK-binding kinase 1 activation in vitro, similar to known immune-potentiating effects of PARP inhibitors. Collectively, these data define immune-dependent and immune-independent effects of PARP inhibitor treatment and genetic tumor PD-L1 depletion. Moreover, they implicate a tumor cell-intrinsic, immune checkpoint-independent function of PD-L1 in cancer cell BRCA1-mediated DNA damage repair with translational potential, including as a treatment response biomarker. SIGNIFICANCE PD-L1 upregulates BRCA1-mediated homologous recombination, and PD-L1-deficient tumors exhibit BRCAness by manifesting synthetic lethality in response to PARP inhibitors, revealing an exploitable therapeutic vulnerability and a candidate treatment response biomarker. See related commentary by Hanks, p. 2069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand V.R Kornepati
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jacob T. Boyd
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Clare E. Murray
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | - Cody M. Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Haiyan Bai
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alvaro S. Padron
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yiji Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Carlos Ontiveros
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert S. Svatek
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- UT Health Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eloïse Dray
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tyler J. Curiel
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- UT Health Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
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16
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Li L, Chen C, Xiang Q, Fan S, Xiao T, Chen Y, Zheng D. Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 1 Expression Promotes Chemoresistance in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:773654. [PMID: 35402237 PMCID: PMC8990814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.773654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Chemoresistance is a leading cause of chemotherapy failure in NSCLC treatment. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel, plays multiple roles in tumorigenesis and tumor development, including tumor cell proliferation, death, and metastasis as well as the response to therapy. In this study, we found TRPV1 expression was increased in NSCLC. TRPV1 overexpression induced cisplatin (DDP) and fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in A549 cells independent of its channel function. TRPV1 expression was upregulated in A549-DDP/5-FU resistant cells, and DDP/5-FU sensitivity was restored by TRPV1 knockdown. TRPV1 overexpression mediated DDP and 5-FU resistance by upregulation of ABCA5 drug transporter gene expression, thereby increasing drug efflux, enhancing homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway to alleviate apoptosis and activating IL-8 signaling to promote cell survival. These findings demonstrate an essential role of TRPV1 in chemoresistance in NSCLC and implicate TRPV1 as a potential chemotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yangchao Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Duo Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Duo Zheng,
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17
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Imyanitov EN, Iyevleva AG. Molecular tests for prediction of tumor sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:41-52. [PMID: 34808283 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy constitutes the backbone of cancer treatment. Several predictive assays assist personalized administration of cytotoxic drugs and are recommended for use in a clinical setting. The deficiency of DNA repair by homologous recombination (HRD), which is caused by inactivation of BRCA1/2 genes or other genetic events, is associated with high tumor responsiveness to platinum compounds, bifunctional alkylating agents and topoisomerase II poisons. Low activity of MGMT predicts the efficacy of nitrosoureas and tetrazines. Some clinically established pharmacogenetic tests allow for the adjustment of drug dosage, for example, the analysis of DPYD allelic variants for administration of fluoropyrimidines and UGT1A1 genotyping for the use of irinotecan. While there are promising molecular predictors of tumor sensitivity to pemetrexed, gemcitabine and taxanes, they remain in the investigational stage and require additional validation. Comprehensive molecular analysis of tumors obtained from drug responders and non-responders is likely to reveal new clinically useful predictive markers for cytotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 194100, Russia; Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 191015, Russia.
| | - Aglaya G Iyevleva
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 194100, Russia
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18
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Del Valle L. Introduction to Immunohistochemistry: From to Evolving Science to Timeless Art. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2422:1-16. [PMID: 34859395 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1948-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry and all techniques that use antibodies and fluorescence are widespread, essential and irreplaceable tools used in both research laboratory settings and diagnostic pathology laboratories. The field was born approximately 80 years ago, with the idea that antibodies could be tagged with fluorescent substances and used to detect antigens in cells and microorganisms, and has vertiginously evolved since; these advances have come in all aspects of the methodology, tissue fixation, generation of antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, signal amplification, antigen retrieval, signal amplification, microscopy and have become increasingly sophisticated, from in situ hybridization, in situ proximity ligation assay, flow cytometry, comet assay, to multiplexing and green fluorescent protein reconstitution, yielding Nobel Prizes along the way and generating invaluable scientific and diagnostic advances as well as timeless beautiful images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology and Medicine & Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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19
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Kanakkanthara A, Hou X, Ekstrom TL, Zanfagnin V, Huehls AM, Kelly RL, Ding H, Larson MC, Vasmatzis G, Oberg AL, Kaufmann SH, Mansfield AS, John Weroha S, Karnitz LM. Repurposing Ceritinib Induces DNA Damage and Enhances PARP Inhibitor Responses in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:307-319. [PMID: 34810199 PMCID: PMC8770599 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have activity in homologous recombination (HR) repair-deficient, high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC). However, even responsive tumors develop PARPi resistance, highlighting the need to delay or prevent the appearance of PARPi resistance. Here, we showed that the ALK kinase inhibitor ceritinib synergizes with PARPis by inhibiting complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent induction of oxidative DNA damage that is repaired in a PARP-dependent manner. In addition, combined treatment with ceritinib and PARPi synergized in HGSOC cell lines irrespective of HR status, and a combination of ceritinib with the PARPi olaparib induced tumor regression more effectively than olaparib alone in HGSOC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Notably, the ceritinib and olaparib combination was most effective in PDX models with preexisting PARPi sensitivity and was well tolerated. These findings unveil suppression of mitochondrial respiration, accumulation of ROS, and subsequent induction of DNA damage as novel effects of ceritinib. They also suggest that the ceritinib and PARPi combination warrants further investigation as a means to enhance PARPi activity in HGSOC, particularly in tumors with preexisting HR defects. SIGNIFICANCE: The kinase inhibitor ceritinib synergizes with PARPi to induce tumor regression in ovarian cancer models, suggesting that ceritinib combined with PARPi may be an effective strategy for treating ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kanakkanthara
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Larry M. Karnitz, Department of Oncology, Gonda 19-300, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Telephone: 507-284-3124; .; S. John Weroha, Department of Oncology, Guggenheim 13-01C, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Telephone: 507-284-3731; ; Arun Kanakkanthara, Department of Oncology, Gonda 19-300, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Telephone: 507-266-0268;
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca L. Kelly
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Husheng Ding
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melissa C. Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ann L. Oberg
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott H. Kaufmann
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - S. John Weroha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Larry M. Karnitz, Department of Oncology, Gonda 19-300, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Telephone: 507-284-3124; .; S. John Weroha, Department of Oncology, Guggenheim 13-01C, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Telephone: 507-284-3731; ; Arun Kanakkanthara, Department of Oncology, Gonda 19-300, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Telephone: 507-266-0268;
| | - Larry M. Karnitz
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Larry M. Karnitz, Department of Oncology, Gonda 19-300, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Telephone: 507-284-3124; .; S. John Weroha, Department of Oncology, Guggenheim 13-01C, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Telephone: 507-284-3731; ; Arun Kanakkanthara, Department of Oncology, Gonda 19-300, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Telephone: 507-266-0268;
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20
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Cavallo F, Caggiano C, Jasin M, Barchi M. Assessing Homologous Recombination and Interstrand Cross-Link Repair in Embryonal Carcinoma Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2195:113-123. [PMID: 32852761 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0860-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are typically exquisitely sensitive to DNA interstrand cross-link (ICLs) agents. ICLs covalently link both strands of the DNA duplex, impeding fundamental cellular processes like DNA replication to cause cell death. A leading drug used for the treatment of TGCTs is cisplatin, which introduces ICLs and leads to formation of double strand breaks (DSBs), a DNA lesion that can be repaired in the S/G2 phases of the cell cycle by homologous recombination (HR, also termed homology-direct repair). Although most TGCTs respond to cisplatin-induced ICLs, a fraction is resistant to treatment. One proposed mechanism of TGCT resistance to cisplatin is an enhanced ability to repair DSBs by HR. Other than HR, repair of the ICL-lesions requires additional DNA repair mechanisms, whose action might also be implemented in therapy-resistant cells. This chapter describes GFP assays to measure (a) HR proficiency following formation of a DSB by the endonuclease I-SceI, and (b) HR repair induced by site-specific ICL formation involving psoralen. These experimental approaches can be used to determine the proficiency of TGCT cell lines in DSB repair by HR in comparison to HR repair of ICLs, providing tools to better characterize their recombination profile. Protocols of these assays have been adapted for use in Embryonal Carcinoma (EC) TGCT cell lines. Assays only require transient introduction of plasmids within cells, affording the advantage of testing multiple cell lines in a relatively short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cavallo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cinzia Caggiano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Barchi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Hays E, Nettleton E, Carter C, Morales M, Vo L, Passo M, Vélez-Cruz R. The SWI/SNF ATPase BRG1 stimulates DNA end resection and homologous recombination by reducing nucleosome density at DNA double strand breaks and by promoting the recruitment of the CtIP nuclease. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3096-3114. [PMID: 33044911 PMCID: PMC7714457 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1831256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most toxic DNA lesions and can be repaired accurately through homologous recombination (HR). HR requires processing of the DNA ends by nucleases (DNA end resection) in order to generate the required single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) regions. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers are 10–15 subunit complexes that contain one ATPase (BRG1 or BRM). Multiple subunits of these complexes have recently been identified as a novel family of tumor suppressors. These complexes are capable of remodeling chromatin by pushing nucleosomes along the DNA. More recent studies have identified these chromatin remodelers as important factors in DNA repair. Using the DR-U2OS reporter system, we show that the down regulation of BRG1 significantly reduces HR efficiency, while BRM has a minor effect. Inactivation of BRG1 impairs DSB repair and results in a defect in DNA end resection, as measured by the amount of BrdU-containing ssDNA generated after DNA damage. Inactivation of BRG1 also impairs the activation of the ATR kinase, reduces the levels of chromatin-bound RPA, and reduces the number of RPA and RAD51 foci after DNA damage. This defect in DNA end resection is explained by the defective recruitment of GFP-CtIP to laser-induced DSBs in the absence of BRG1. Importantly, we show that BRG1 reduces nucleosome density at DSBs. Finally, inactivation of BRG1 renders cells sensitive to anti-cancer drugs that induce DSBs. This study identifies BRG1 as an important factor for HR, which suggests that BRG1-mutated cancers have a DNA repair vulnerability that can be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hays
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA.,College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nettleton
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Caitlin Carter
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Mariangel Morales
- College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Lynn Vo
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Max Passo
- College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Renier Vélez-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA.,College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA.,Chicago College of Optometry, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
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22
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Chen Y, Jiang T, Zhang H, Gou X, Han C, Wang J, Chen AT, Ma J, Liu J, Chen Z, Jing X, Lei H, Wang Z, Bao Y, Baqri M, Zhu Y, Bindra RS, Hansen JE, Dou J, Huang C, Zhou J. LRRC31 inhibits DNA repair and sensitizes breast cancer brain metastasis to radiation therapy. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1276-1285. [PMID: 33005030 PMCID: PMC7962994 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is a devastating disease. Radiation therapy remains the mainstay for treatment of this disease. Unfortunately, its efficacy is limited by the dose that can be safely applied. One promising approach to overcoming this limitation is to sensitize BCBMs to radiation by inhibiting their ability to repair DNA damage. Here, we report a DNA repair suppressor, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 31 (LRRC31), that was identified through a genome-wide CRISPR screen. We found that overexpression of LRRC31 suppresses DNA repair and sensitizes BCBMs to radiation. Mechanistically, LRRC31 interacts with Ku70/Ku80 and the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and RAD3-related (ATR) at the protein level, resulting in inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) recruitment and activation, and disruption of the MutS homologue 2 (MSH2)-ATR module. We demonstrate that targeted delivery of the LRRC31 gene via nanoparticles improves the survival of tumour-bearing mice after irradiation. Collectively, our study suggests LRRC31 as a major DNA repair suppressor that can be targeted for cancer radiosensitizing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cong Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ann T Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology in the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zeming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xintao Jing
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youmei Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehdi Baqri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James E Hansen
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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23
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Wang LP, Chen TY, Kang CK, Huang HP, Chen SL. BCAS2, a protein enriched in advanced prostate cancer, interacts with NBS1 to enhance DNA double-strand break repair. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1796-1807. [PMID: 32963349 PMCID: PMC7723048 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer amplified sequence 2 (BCAS2) plays crucial roles in pre-mRNA splicing and androgen receptor transcription. Previous studies suggested that BCAS2 is involved in double-strand breaks (DSB); therefore, we aimed to characterise its mechanism and role in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to assay the roles of BCAS2 in the DSBs of PCa cells and apoptosis in Drosophila, respectively. The effect of BCAS2 dosage on non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) were assayed by precise end-joining assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Glutathione-S-transferase pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to determine whether and how BCAS2 interacts with NBS1. The expression of BCAS2 and other proteins in human PCa was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results BCAS2 helped repair radiation-induced DSBs efficiently in both human PCa cells and Drosophila. BCAS2 enhanced both NHEJ and HR, possibly by interacting with NBS1, which involved the BCAS2 N-terminus as well as both the NBS1 N- and C-termini. The overexpression of BCAS2 was significantly associated with higher Gleason and pathology grades and shorter survival in patients with PCa. Conclusion BCAS2 promotes two DSB repair pathways by interacting with NBS1, and it may affect PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Po Wang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Kang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Po Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Show-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Puts G, Jarrett S, Leonard M, Matsangos N, Snyder D, Wang Y, Vincent R, Portney B, Abbotts R, McLaughlin L, Zalzman M, Rassool F, Kaetzel D. Metastasis Suppressor NME1 Modulates Choice of Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways in Melanoma Cells by Enhancing Alternative NHEJ while Inhibiting NHEJ and HR. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165896. [PMID: 32824412 PMCID: PMC7460576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced NME1 expression in melanoma cell lines, mouse models of melanoma, and melanoma specimens in human patients is associated with increased metastatic activity. Herein, we investigate the role of NME1 in repair of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) and choice of double-strand break repair (DSBR) pathways in melanoma cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, NME1 was shown to be recruited rapidly and directly to DSBs generated by the homing endonuclease I-PpoI. NME1 was recruited to DSBs within 30 min, in concert with recruitment of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein, an early step in DSBR complex formation, as well as loss of histone 2B. NME1 was detected up to 5 kb from the break site after DSB induction, suggesting a role in extending chromatin reorganization away from the repair site. shRNA-mediated silencing of NME1 expression led to increases in the homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways of double-strand break repair (DSBR), and reduction in the low fidelity, alternative-NHEJ (A-NHEJ) pathway. These findings suggest low expression of NME1 drives DSBR towards higher fidelity pathways, conferring enhanced genomic stability necessary for rapid and error-free proliferation in invasive and metastatic cells. The novel mechanism highlighted in the current study appears likely to impact metastatic potential and therapy-resistance in advanced melanoma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Puts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (G.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (D.S.); (Y.W.); (R.V.); (B.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Stuart Jarrett
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Mary Leonard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (G.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (D.S.); (Y.W.); (R.V.); (B.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Nicolette Matsangos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (G.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (D.S.); (Y.W.); (R.V.); (B.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Devin Snyder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (G.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (D.S.); (Y.W.); (R.V.); (B.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (G.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (D.S.); (Y.W.); (R.V.); (B.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Richard Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (G.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (D.S.); (Y.W.); (R.V.); (B.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Benjamin Portney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (G.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (D.S.); (Y.W.); (R.V.); (B.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Rachel Abbotts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (R.A.); (L.M.); (F.R.)
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lena McLaughlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (R.A.); (L.M.); (F.R.)
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michal Zalzman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (G.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (D.S.); (Y.W.); (R.V.); (B.P.); (M.Z.)
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Feyruz Rassool
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (R.A.); (L.M.); (F.R.)
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David Kaetzel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (G.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (D.S.); (Y.W.); (R.V.); (B.P.); (M.Z.)
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-5080; Fax: +1-410-706-8297
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25
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Kollárovič G, Topping CE, Shaw EP, Chambers AL. The human HELLS chromatin remodelling protein promotes end resection to facilitate homologous recombination and contributes to DSB repair within heterochromatin. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:1872-1885. [PMID: 31802118 PMCID: PMC7038987 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient double-strand break repair in eukaryotes requires manipulation of chromatin structure. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling enzymes facilitate different DNA repair pathways, during different stages of the cell cycle and in varied chromatin environments. The contribution of remodelling factors to double-strand break repair within heterochromatin during G2 is unclear. The human HELLS protein is a Snf2-like chromatin remodeller family member and is mutated or misregulated in several cancers and some cases of ICF syndrome. HELLS has been implicated in the DNA damage response, but its mechanistic function in repair is not well understood. We discover that HELLS facilitates homologous recombination at two-ended breaks and contributes to repair within heterochromatic regions during G2. HELLS promotes initiation of HR by facilitating end-resection and accumulation of CtIP at IR-induced foci. We identify an interaction between HELLS and CtIP and establish that the ATPase domain of HELLS is required to promote DSB repair. This function of HELLS in maintenance of genome stability is likely to contribute to its role in cancer biology and demonstrates that different chromatin remodelling activities are required for efficient repair in specific genomic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kollárovič
- DNA-protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Caitríona E Topping
- DNA-protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Edward P Shaw
- DNA-protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anna L Chambers
- DNA-protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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26
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Haynes B, Gajan A, Nangia-Makker P, Shekhar MP. RAD6B is a major mediator of triple negative breast cancer cisplatin resistance: Regulation of translesion synthesis/Fanconi anemia crosstalk and BRCA1 independence. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165561. [PMID: 31639439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with few therapy options besides chemotherapy. Although platinum-based drugs have shown initial activity in BRCA1-mutated TNBCs, chemoresistance remains a challenge. Here we show that RAD6B (UBE2B), a principal mediator of translesion synthesis (TLS), is overexpressed in BRCA1 wild-type and mutant TNBCs, and RAD6B overexpression correlates with poor survival. Pretreatment with a RAD6-selective inhibitor, SMI#9, enhanced cisplatin chemosensitivity of BRCA1 wild-type and mutant TNBCs. SMI#9 attenuated cisplatin-induced PCNA monoubiquitination (TLS marker), FANCD2 (Fanconi anemia (FA) activation marker), and TLS polymerase POL η. SMI#9-induced decreases in γH2AX levels were associated with concomitant inhibition of H2AX monoubiquitination, suggesting a key role for RAD6 in modulating cisplatin-induced γH2AX via H2AX monoubiquitination. Concordantly, SMI#9 inhibited γH2AX, POL η and FANCD2 foci formation. RAD51 foci formation was unaffected by SMI#9, however, its recruitment to double-strand breaks was inhibited. Using the DR-GFP-based assay, we showed that RAD6B silencing or SMI#9 treatment impairs homologous recombination (HR) in HR-proficient cells. DNA fiber assays confirmed that restart of cisplatin-stalled replicating forks is inhibited by SMI#9 in both BRCA1 wild-type and mutant TNBC cells. Consistent with the in vitro data, SMI#9 and cisplatin combination treatment inhibited BRCA1 wild-type and mutant TNBC growth as compared to controls. These RAD6B activities are unaffected by BRCA1 status of TNBCs suggesting that the RAD6B function in TLS/FA crosstalk could occur in HR-dependent and independent modes. Collectively, these data implicate RAD6 as an important therapeutic target for TNBCs irrespective of their BRCA1 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Haynes
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ambikai Gajan
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Malathy P Shekhar
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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27
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Kanakkanthara A, Huntoon CJ, Hou X, Zhang M, Heinzen EP, O'Brien DR, Oberg AL, John Weroha S, Kaufmann SH, Karnitz LM. ZC3H18 specifically binds and activates the BRCA1 promoter to facilitate homologous recombination in ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4632. [PMID: 31604914 PMCID: PMC6789141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced BRCA1 expression causes homologous recombination (HR) repair defects in high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs). Here, we demonstrate that BRCA1 is transcriptionally activated by a previously unknown function of ZC3H18. We show that ZC3H18 is a DNA-binding protein that interacts with an E2F site in the BRCA1 promoter where it facilitates recruitment of E2F4 to an adjacent E2F site to promote BRCA1 transcription. Consistent with ZC3H18 role in activating BRCA1 expression, ZC3H18 depletion induces BRCA1 promoter methylation, reduces BRCA1 expression, disrupts HR, and sensitizes cells to DNA crosslinkers and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Moreover, in patient-derived xenografts and primary HGSOC tumors, ZC3H18 and E2F4 mRNA levels are positively correlated with BRCA1 mRNA levels, further supporting ZC3H18 role in regulating BRCA1. Given that ZC3H18 lies within 16q24.2, a region with frequent copy number loss in HGSOC, these findings suggest that ZC3H18 copy number losses could contribute to HR defects in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kanakkanthara
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Xiaonan Hou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Minzhi Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ethan P Heinzen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel R O'Brien
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S John Weroha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Larry M Karnitz
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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28
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Mason JM, Chan YL, Weichselbaum RW, Bishop DK. Non-enzymatic roles of human RAD51 at stalled replication forks. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4410. [PMID: 31562309 PMCID: PMC6764946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The central recombination enzyme RAD51 has been implicated in replication fork processing and restart in response to replication stress. Here, we use a separation-of-function allele of RAD51 that retains DNA binding, but not D-loop activity, to reveal mechanistic aspects of RAD51’s roles in the response to replication stress. Here, we find that cells lacking RAD51’s enzymatic activity protect replication forks from MRE11-dependent degradation, as expected from previous studies. Unexpectedly, we find that RAD51’s strand exchange activity is not required to convert stalled forks to a form that can be degraded by DNA2. Such conversion was shown previously to require replication fork regression, supporting a model in which fork regression depends on a non-enzymatic function of RAD51. We also show RAD51 promotes replication restart by both strand exchange-dependent and strand exchange-independent mechanisms. RAD51 has been implicated in replication fork processing and restart in response to replication stress. Here, authors reveal mechanistic aspects of non-enzymatic roles of RAD51 for fork reversal and cooperation with FBH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Mason
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA. .,Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Yuen-Ling Chan
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ralph W Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas K Bishop
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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29
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Horikoshi N, Sharma D, Leonard F, Pandita RK, Charaka VK, Hambarde S, Horikoshi NT, Gaur Khaitan P, Chakraborty S, Cote J, Godin B, Hunt CR, Pandita TK. Pre-existing H4K16ac levels in euchromatin drive DNA repair by homologous recombination in S-phase. Commun Biol 2019; 2:253. [PMID: 31286070 PMCID: PMC6611875 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway maintains genetic integrity after DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage and is particularly crucial for maintaining fidelity of expressed genes. Histone H4 acetylation on lysine 16 (H4K16ac) is associated with transcription, but how pre-existing H4K16ac directly affects DSB repair is not known. To answer this question, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce I-SceI sites, or repair pathway reporter cassettes, at defined locations within gene-rich (high H4K16ac/euchromatin) and gene-poor (low H4K16ac/heterochromatin) regions. The frequency of DSB repair by HR is higher in gene-rich regions. Interestingly, artificially targeting H4K16ac at specific locations using gRNA/dCas9-MOF increases HR frequency in euchromatin. Finally, inhibition/depletion of RNA polymerase II or Cockayne syndrome B protein leads to decreased recruitment of HR factors at DSBs. These results indicate that the pre-existing H4K16ac status at specific locations directly influences the repair of local DNA breaks, favoring HR in part through the transcription machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Horikoshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Present Address: Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Dharmendra Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Fransisca Leonard
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Raj K. Pandita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Vijaya K. Charaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Shashank Hambarde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Nobuko T. Horikoshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Puja Gaur Khaitan
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Present Address: Department of Surgery, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Sharmistha Chakraborty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jacques Cote
- St. Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V4G2 Canada
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Clayton R. Hunt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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30
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Evaluation of site-specific homologous recombination activity of BRCA1 by direct quantitation of gene editing efficiency. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1644. [PMID: 30733539 PMCID: PMC6367331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) contributes to the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inter-strand crosslinks. The HR activity in cancer cells can be used to predict their sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents that cause these damages. To evaluate HR activity, we developed a system called Assay for Site-specific HR Activity (ASHRA), in which cells are transiently transfected with an expression vector for CRISPR/Cas9 and a HR donor sequence containing a marker gene. DSBs are created by Cas9 and then repaired by HR using donor vector sequences homologous to the target gene. The level of genomic integration of the marker gene is quantified by Western blotting, flowcytometry, or quantitative PCR (qPCR). ASHRA detected HR deficiency caused by BRCA1, BARD1, or RAD51 knockdown or introduction of BRCA1 variants. The influence of BRCA1 variants on HR, as determined by qPCR, was consistent with the chemosensitivities of the transfected cells. The qPCR format of ASHRA could measure HR activity in both transcribed and un-transcribed regions. Knockdown of BRCA1 nor BARD1 did not affect HR activity in a transcriptionally inactive site. ASHRA can evaluate HR activity and will be useful for predicting sensitivity to chemotherapy, screening drugs that affect HR, and investigating the mechanisms of HR.
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31
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Khanal S, Galloway DA. High-risk human papillomavirus oncogenes disrupt the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway by impairing localization and de-ubiquitination of FancD2. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007442. [PMID: 30818369 PMCID: PMC6413947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent expression of high-risk HPV oncogenes is necessary for the development of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Here, we show that E6/E7 expressing cells are hypersensitive to DNA crosslinking agent cisplatin and have defects in repairing DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICL). Importantly, we elucidate how E6/E7 attenuate the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA crosslink repair pathway. Though E6/E7 activated the pathway by increasing FancD2 monoubiquitination and foci formation, they inhibited the completion of the repair by multiple mechanisms. E6/E7 impaired FancD2 colocalization with double-strand breaks (DSB), which subsequently hindered the recruitment of the downstream protein Rad51 to DSB in E6 cells. Further, E6 expression caused delayed FancD2 de-ubiquitination, an important process for effective ICL repair. Delayed FancD2 de-ubiquitination was associated with the increased chromatin retention of FancD2 hindering USP1 de-ubiquitinating activity, and persistently activated ATR/CHK-1/pS565 FancI signaling. E6 mediated p53 degradation did not hamper the cell cycle specific process of FancD2 modifications but abrogated repair by disrupting FancD2 de-ubiquitination. Further, E6 reduced the expression and foci formation of Palb2, which is a repair protein downstream of FancD2. These findings uncover unique mechanisms by which HPV oncogenes contribute to genomic instability and the response to cisplatin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Khanal
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Denise A. Galloway
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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32
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Mahajan S, Raina K, Verma S, Rao BJ. Human RAD52 protein regulates homologous recombination and checkpoint function in BRCA2 deficient cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 107:128-139. [PMID: 30590106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit HR defects, increased proliferation and checkpoint aberrations. Tumour suppressor proteins, BRCA2 and p53 counteract such aberrant proliferation by checkpoint regulation. Intriguingly, chemo-resistant cancer cells, exhibiting mutated BRCA2 and p53 protein survive even with increased DNA damage accumulation. Such cancer cells show upregulation of RAD52 tumour suppressor protein implying that RAD52 might be providing survival advantage to cancer cells. To understand this paradoxical condition of a tumour suppressor protein facilitating cancer cell survival, in the current study, we investigate the role of RAD52 overexpression in BRCA2 deficient cells. We provide evidence that RAD52 protein alleviates HR inhibition imposed by p53 in BRCA2 deficient cells. In addition, we study the role of RAD52 protein during short replication stress in BRCA2 deficient cells. BRCA2 deficient cells exhibit excessive origin firing and checkpoint evasion in the presence of prevailing DNA damage. Interestingly, overexpression of RAD52 rescues the excessive origin firing and checkpoint defects observed in BRCA2 deficient cells, indicating RAD52 protein compensates for the loss of BRCA2 function. We show that RAD52 protein, just as BRCA2, interacts with pCHK1 checkpoint protein and helps maintain the checkpoint control in BRCA2 deficient cells during DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrit Mahajan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shalini Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - B J Rao
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India.
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33
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Mishra B, Zhang S, Zhao H, Darzynkiewicz Z, Lee EY, Lee MY, Zhang Z. Discovery of a novel DNA polymerase inhibitor and characterization of its antiproliferative properties. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:474-486. [PMID: 30427259 PMCID: PMC6422523 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal duplication is targeted by various chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. However, there is no specific inhibitor of DNA polymerases that is viable for cancer management. Through structure-based in silico screening of the ZINC database, we identified a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase δ. The discovered inhibitor, Zelpolib, is projected to bind to the active site of Pol δ when it is actively engaged in DNA replication through interactions with DNA template and primer. Zelpolib shows robust inhibition of Pol δ activity in reconstituted DNA replication assays. Under cellular conditions, Zelpolib is taken up readily by cancer cells and inhibits DNA replication in assays to assess global DNA synthesis or single-molecule bases by DNA fiber fluorography. In addition, we show that Zelpolib displays superior antiproliferative properties to methotrexate, 5-flourouracil, and cisplatin in triple-negative breast cancer cell line, pancreatic cancer cell line and platinum-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line. Pol δ is not only involved in DNA replication, it is also a key component in many DNA repair pathways. Pol δ is the key enzyme responsible for D-loop extension during homologous recombination. Indeed, Zelpolib shows robust inhibition of homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks and induces "BRCAness" in HR-proficient cancer cells and enhances their sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanvi Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Sufang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Ernest Y.C. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Valhalla, NY, USA
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34
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Sakthianandeswaren A, Parsons MJ, Mouradov D, MacKinnon RN, Catimel B, Liu S, Palmieri M, Love C, Jorissen RN, Li S, Whitehead L, Putoczki TL, Preaudet A, Tsui C, Nowell CJ, Ward RL, Hawkins NJ, Desai J, Gibbs P, Ernst M, Street I, Buchert M, Sieber OM. MACROD2 Haploinsufficiency Impairs Catalytic Activity of PARP1 and Promotes Chromosome Instability and Growth of Intestinal Tumors. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:988-1005. [PMID: 29880585 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is an important posttranslational protein modification that regulates diverse biological processes, controlled by dedicated transferases and hydrolases. Here, we show that frequent deletions (∼30%) of the MACROD2 mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolase locus in human colorectal cancer cause impaired PARP1 transferase activity in a gene dosage-dependent manner. MACROD2 haploinsufficiency alters DNA repair and sensitivity to DNA damage and results in chromosome instability. Heterozygous and homozygous depletion of Macrod2 enhances intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice and the growth of human colorectal cancer xenografts. MACROD2 deletion in sporadic colorectal cancer is associated with the extent of chromosome instability, independent of clinical parameters and other known genetic drivers. We conclude that MACROD2 acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor, with loss of function promoting chromosome instability, thereby driving cancer evolution.Significance: Chromosome instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer. We identify MACROD2 deletion as a cause of CIN in human colorectal cancer. MACROD2 loss causes repression of PARP1 activity, impairing DNA repair. MACROD2 haploinsufficiency promotes CIN and intestinal tumor growth. Our results reveal MACROD2 as a major caretaker tumor suppressor gene. Cancer Discov; 8(8); 988-1005. ©2018 AACR.See related commentary by Jin and Burkard, p. 921This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie J Parsons
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth N MacKinnon
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne (St Vincent's Hospital), Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Catimel
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheng Liu
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Love
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert N Jorissen
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shan Li
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adele Preaudet
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cary Tsui
- Histology Facility, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, The Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L Ward
- Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Hawkins
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Street
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics Cooperative Research Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver M Sieber
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Huang TH, Fowler F, Chen CC, Shen ZJ, Sleckman B, Tyler JK. The Histone Chaperones ASF1 and CAF-1 Promote MMS22L-TONSL-Mediated Rad51 Loading onto ssDNA during Homologous Recombination in Human Cells. Mol Cell 2018; 69:879-892.e5. [PMID: 29478807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The access-repair-restore model for the role of chromatin in DNA repair infers that chromatin is a mere obstacle to DNA repair. However, here we show that blocking chromatin assembly, via knockdown of the histone chaperones ASF1 or CAF-1 or a mutation that prevents ASF1A binding to histones, hinders Rad51 loading onto ssDNA during homologous recombination. This is a consequence of reduced recruitment of the Rad51 loader MMS22L-TONSL to ssDNA, resulting in persistent RPA foci, extensive DNA end resection, persistent activation of the ATR-Chk1 pathway, and cell cycle arrest. In agreement, histones occupy ssDNA during DNA repair in yeast. We also uncovered DNA-PKcs-dependent DNA damage-induced ASF1A phosphorylation, which enhances chromatin assembly, promoting MMS22L-TONSL recruitment and, hence, Rad51 loading. We propose that transient assembly of newly synthesized histones onto ssDNA serves to recruit MMS22L-TONSL to efficiently form the Rad51 nucleofilament for strand invasion, suggesting an active role of chromatin assembly in homologous recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsiang Huang
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Faith Fowler
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Jie Shen
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Barry Sleckman
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jessica K Tyler
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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36
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Welty S, Teng Y, Liang Z, Zhao W, Sanders LH, Greenamyre JT, Rubio ME, Thathiah A, Kodali R, Wetzel R, Levine AS, Lan L. RAD52 is required for RNA-templated recombination repair in post-mitotic neurons. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1353-1362. [PMID: 29217771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.808402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been long assumed that post-mitotic neurons only utilize the error-prone non-homologous end-joining pathway to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) associated with oxidative damage to DNA, given the inability of non-replicating neuronal DNA to utilize a sister chromatid template in the less error-prone homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway. However, we and others have found recently that active transcription triggers a replication-independent recombinational repair mechanism in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Here we observed that the HR repair protein RAD52 is recruited to sites of DNA DSBs in terminally differentiated, post-mitotic neurons. This recruitment is dependent on the presence of a nascent mRNA generated during active transcription, providing evidence that an RNA-templated HR repair mechanism exists in non-dividing, terminally differentiated neurons. This recruitment of RAD52 in neurons is decreased by transcription inhibition. Importantly, we found that high concentrations of amyloid β, a toxic protein associated with Alzheimer's disease, inhibits the expression and DNA damage response of RAD52, potentially leading to a defect in the error-free, RNA-templated HR repair mechanism. This study shows a novel RNA-dependent repair mechanism of DSBs in post-mitotic neurons and demonstrates that defects in this pathway may contribute to neuronal genomic instability and consequent neurodegenerative phenotypes such as those seen in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Starr Welty
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.,the UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Yaqun Teng
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.,the UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.,the School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, No.1 Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuobin Liang
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114
| | - Weixing Zhao
- the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114
| | - Laurie H Sanders
- the Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | | | - Maria Eulalia Rubio
- the Department of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and
| | | | - Ravindra Kodali
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282
| | - Ronald Wetzel
- Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Arthur S Levine
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.,the UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Li Lan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, .,the UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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37
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Diagnosis of Fanconi Anaemia by ionising radiation- or mitomycin C-induced micronuclei. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 61:17-24. [PMID: 29154021 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi Anaemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by defects in DNA repair, associated with chromosomal instability and cellular hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents such as mitomycin C (MMC). The FA repair pathway involves complex DNA repair mechanisms crucial for genomic stability. Deficiencies in DNA repair genes give rise to chromosomal radiosensitivity. FA patients have shown increased clinical radiosensitivity by exhibiting adverse normal tissue side-effects. The study aimed to investigate chromosomal radiosensitivity of homozygous and heterozygous carriers of FA mutations using three micronucleus (MN) assays. The G0 and S/G2MN assays are cytogenetic assays to evaluate DNA damage induced by ionising radiation in different phases of the cell cycle. The MMC MN assay detects DNA damage induced by a crosslinking agent in the G0 phase. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of FA and their parents were screened for the complete coding region of 20 FA genes. Blood samples of all FA patients and parents were exposed to ionising radiation of 2 and 4Gy. Chromosomal radiosensitivity was evaluated in the G0 and S/G2 phase. Most of our patients were homozygous for the founder mutation FANCG c.637_643delTACCGCC; p.(Tyr213Lysfs*6) while one patient was compound heterozygous for FANCG c.637_643delTACCGCC and FANCG c.1379G > A, p.(Gly460Asp), a novel missense mutation. Another patient was compound heterozygous for two deleterious FANCA mutations. In FA patients, the G0- and S/G2-MN assays show significantly increased chromosomal radiosensitivity and genomic instability. Moreover, chromosomal damage was significantly elevated in MMC treated FA cells. We also observed an increase in chromosomal radiosensitivity and genomic instability in the parents using 3 assays. The effect was significant using the MMC MN assay. The MMC MN assay is advantageous as it is less labour intense, time effective and has potential as a reliable alternative method for detecting FA patients from parents and controls.
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38
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Fujii N. Potential Strategies to Target Protein-Protein Interactions in the DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathways. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9932-9959. [PMID: 28654754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article discusses some insights about generating novel mechanistic inhibitors of the DNA damage response and repair (DDR) pathways by focusing on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of the key DDR components. General requirements for PPI strategies, such as selecting the target PPI site on the basis of its functionality, are discussed first. Next, on the basis of functional rationale and biochemical feasibility to identify a PPI inhibitor, 26 PPIs in DDR pathways (BER, MMR, NER, NHEJ, HR, TLS, and ICL repair) are specifically discussed for inhibitor discovery to benefit cancer therapies using a DNA-damaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Fujii
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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39
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Vélez-Cruz R, Manickavinayaham S, Biswas AK, Clary RW, Premkumar T, Cole F, Johnson DG. RB localizes to DNA double-strand breaks and promotes DNA end resection and homologous recombination through the recruitment of BRG1. Genes Dev 2017; 30:2500-2512. [PMID: 27940962 PMCID: PMC5159665 DOI: 10.1101/gad.288282.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is recognized as a master regulator that controls entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. Its loss leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and is a hallmark of cancer. RB works by binding to members of the E2F family of transcription factors and recruiting chromatin modifiers to the promoters of E2F target genes. Here we show that RB also localizes to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) dependent on E2F1 and ATM kinase activity and promotes DSB repair through homologous recombination (HR), and its loss results in genome instability. RB is necessary for the recruitment of the BRG1 ATPase to DSBs, which stimulates DNA end resection and HR. A knock-in mutation of the ATM phosphorylation site on E2F1 (S29A) prevents the interaction between E2F1 and TopBP1 and recruitment of RB, E2F1, and BRG1 to DSBs. This knock-in mutation also impairs DNA repair, increases genomic instability, and renders mice hypersensitive to IR. Importantly, depletion of RB in osteosarcoma and breast cancer cell lines results in sensitivity to DNA-damaging drugs, which is further exacerbated by poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. We uncovered a novel, nontranscriptional function for RB in HR, which could contribute to genome instability associated with RB loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renier Vélez-Cruz
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA
| | - Swarnalatha Manickavinayaham
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA
| | - Anup K Biswas
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA
| | - Regina Weaks Clary
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - Tolkappiyan Premkumar
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - Francesca Cole
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - David G Johnson
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville Texas 78957, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
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40
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Hilmi K, Jangal M, Marques M, Zhao T, Saad A, Zhang C, Luo VM, Syme A, Rejon C, Yu Z, Krum A, Fabian MR, Richard S, Alaoui-Jamali M, Orthwein A, McCaffrey L, Witcher M. CTCF facilitates DNA double-strand break repair by enhancing homologous recombination repair. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601898. [PMID: 28560323 PMCID: PMC5443639 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is mediated via two major pathways, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) repair. DSB repair is vital for cell survival, genome stability, and tumor suppression. In contrast to NHEJ, HR relies on extensive homology and templated DNA synthesis to restore the sequence surrounding the break site. We report a new role for the multifunctional protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) in facilitating HR-mediated DSB repair. CTCF is recruited to DSB through its zinc finger domain independently of poly(ADP-ribose) polymers, known as PARylation, catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). CTCF ensures proper DSB repair kinetics in response to γ-irradiation, and the loss of CTCF compromises HR-mediated repair. Consistent with its role in HR, loss of CTCF results in hypersensitivity to DNA damage, inducing agents and inhibitors of PARP. Mechanistically, CTCF acts downstream of BRCA1 in the HR pathway and associates with BRCA2 in a PARylation-dependent manner, enhancing BRCA2 recruitment to DSB. In contrast, CTCF does not influence the recruitment of the NHEJ protein 53BP1 or LIGIV to DSB. Together, our findings establish for the first time that CTCF is an important regulator of the HR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hilmi
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Maïka Jangal
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Maud Marques
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Amine Saad
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Vincent M. Luo
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alasdair Syme
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Physics Unit, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Carlis Rejon
- Department of Oncology, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Zhenbao Yu
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Asiev Krum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Physics Unit, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Marc R. Fabian
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Moulay Alaoui-Jamali
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alexander Orthwein
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Department of Oncology, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Chemin Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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41
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Day TA, Layer JV, Cleary JP, Guha S, Stevenson KE, Tivey T, Kim S, Schinzel AC, Izzo F, Doench J, Root DE, Hahn WC, Price BD, Weinstock DM. PARP3 is a promoter of chromosomal rearrangements and limits G4 DNA. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15110. [PMID: 28447610 PMCID: PMC5414184 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements are essential events in the pathogenesis of both malignant and nonmalignant disorders, yet the factors affecting their formation are incompletely understood. Here we develop a zinc-finger nuclease translocation reporter and screen for factors that modulate rearrangements in human cells. We identify UBC9 and RAD50 as suppressors and 53BP1, DDB1 and poly(ADP)ribose polymerase 3 (PARP3) as promoters of chromosomal rearrangements across human cell types. We focus on PARP3 as it is dispensable for murine viability and has druggable catalytic activity. We find that PARP3 regulates G quadruplex (G4) DNA in response to DNA damage, which suppresses repair by nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination. Chemical stabilization of G4 DNA in PARP3-/- cells leads to widespread DNA double-strand breaks and synthetic lethality. We propose a model in which PARP3 suppresses G4 DNA and facilitates DNA repair by multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tovah A. Day
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jacob V. Layer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - J. Patrick Cleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Srijoy Guha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kristen E. Stevenson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Trevor Tivey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sunhee Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anna C. Schinzel
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Francesca Izzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - John Doench
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - David E. Root
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - William C. Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Brendan D. Price
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David M. Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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42
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Balaji K, Vijayaraghavan S, Diao L, Tong P, Fan Y, Carey JP, Bui TN, Warner S, Heymach JV, Hunt KK, Wang J, Byers LA, Keyomarsi K. AXL Inhibition Suppresses the DNA Damage Response and Sensitizes Cells to PARP Inhibition in Multiple Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 15:45-58. [PMID: 27671334 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with a wide range of changes in cancer cells, including stemness, chemo- and radio-resistance, and metastasis. The mechanistic role of upstream mediators of EMT has not yet been well characterized. Recently, we showed that non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) that have undergone EMT overexpress AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase. AXL is also overexpressed in a subset of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and its overexpression has been associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and linked to resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Because the DNA repair pathway is also altered in patient tumor specimens overexpressing AXL, it is hypothesized that modulation of AXL in cells that have undergone EMT will sensitize them to agents targeting the DNA repair pathway. Downregulation or inhibition of AXL directly reversed the EMT phenotype, led to decreased expression of DNA repair genes, and diminished efficiency of homologous recombination (HR) and RAD51 foci formation. As a result, AXL inhibition caused a state of HR deficiency in the cells, making them sensitive to inhibition of the DNA repair protein, PARP1. AXL inhibition synergized with PARP inhibition, leading to apoptotic cell death. AXL expression also associated positively with markers of DNA repair across TNBC, HNSCC, and NSCLC patient cohorts. IMPLICATIONS The novel role for AXL in DNA repair, linking it to EMT, suggests that AXL can be an effective therapeutic target in combination with targeted therapy such as PARP inhibitors in several different malignancies. Mol Cancer Res; 15(1); 45-58. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Balaji
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd. Unit 1052, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Smruthi Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd. Unit 1052, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1410, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Pan Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1410, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Youhong Fan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 0432 Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jason Pw Carey
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd. Unit 1052, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tuyen N Bui
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd. Unit 1052, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 0432 Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street. Unit 1434 Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1410, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 0432 Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd. Unit 1052, Houston, Texas 77030
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43
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Yang Q, Pan Q, Li C, Xu Y, Wen C, Sun F. NRAGE is involved in homologous recombination repair to resist the DNA-damaging chemotherapy and composes a ternary complex with RNF8-BARD1 to promote cell survival in squamous esophageal tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1406-16. [PMID: 27035619 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
NRAGE, a neurotrophin receptor-interacting melanoma antigen-encoding gene homolog, is significantly increased in the nucleus of radioresistant esophageal tumor cell lines and is highly upregulated to promote cell proliferation in esophageal carcinomas (ECs). However, whether the overexpressed NRAGE promotes cell growth by participating in DNA-damage response (DDR) is still unclear. Here we show that NRAGE is required for efficient double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair via homologous recombination repair (HRR) and downregulation of NRAGE greatly sensitizes EC cells to DNA-damaging agents both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, NRAGE not only regulates the stability of DDR factors, RNF8 and BARD1, in a ubiquitin-proteolytic pathway, but also chaperons the interaction between BARD1 and RNF8 via their RING domains to form a novel ternary complex. Additionally, the expression of NRAGE is closely correlated with RNF8 and BARD1 in esophageal tumor tissues. In summary, our findings reveal a novel function of NRAGE that will help to guide personalized esophageal cancer treatments by targeting NRAGE to increase cell sensitivity to DNA-damaging therapeutics in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Q Pan
- The Central Laboratory, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - C Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - C Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - F Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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Czochor JR, Sulkowski P, Glazer PM. miR-155 Overexpression Promotes Genomic Instability by Reducing High-fidelity Polymerase Delta Expression and Activating Error-Prone DSB Repair. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:363-73. [PMID: 26850462 PMCID: PMC5021065 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED miR-155 is an oncogenic miRNA that is often overexpressed in cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. miR-155 can target several DNA repair factors, including RAD51, MLH1, and MSH6, and its overexpression results in an increased mutation frequency in vitro, although the mechanism has yet to be fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of miR-155 drives an increased mutation frequency both in vitro and in vivo, promoting genomic instability by affecting multiple DNA repair pathways. miR-155 overexpression causes a decrease in homologous recombination, but yields a concurrent increase in the error-prone nonhomologous end-joining pathway. Despite repressing established targets MLH1 and MSH6, the identified mutation pattern upon miR-155 overexpression does not resemble that of a mismatch repair-deficient background. Further investigation revealed that all four subunits of polymerase delta, a high-fidelity DNA replication, and repair polymerase are downregulated at the mRNA level in the context of miR-155 overexpression. FOXO3a, a transcription factor and known target of miR-155, has one or more putative binding site(s) in the promoter of all four polymerase delta subunits. Finally, suppression of FOXO3a by miR-155 or by siRNA knockdown is sufficient to repress the expression of the catalytic subunit of polymerase delta, POLD1, at the protein level, indicating that FOXO3a contributes to the regulation of polymerase delta levels. IMPLICATIONS Taken together, miR-155 overexpression drives an increase in mutation frequency via multifaceted impact on DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter M. Glazer
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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45
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Sugrue T, Lowndes NF, Ceredig R. Hypoxia enhances the radioresistance of mouse mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells 2015; 32:2188-200. [PMID: 24578291 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are radioresistant bone marrow progenitors that support hematopoiesis and its reconstitution following total body irradiation. MSCs reside in hypoxic niches within the bone marrow and tumor microenvironments. The DNA damage response (DDR) represents a network of signaling pathways that enable cells to activate biological responses to DNA damaging agents. Hypoxia-mediated alterations in the DDR contribute to the increased radioresistance of hypoxic cancer cells, limiting therapeutic efficacy. The DDR is important in mediating mouse MSC radioresistance. However, the effects of hypoxia on MSC radioresistance are currently unknown. In this report, hypoxia was found to (a) increase MSC proliferation rate and colony size; (b) increase long-term survival post-irradiation (IR), and (c) improve MSC recovery from IR-induced cell cycle arrest. DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in MSCs was upregulated in hypoxia, accelerating the resolution of highly genotoxic IR-induced DNA DSBs. In addition, HIF-1α was found to contribute to this enhanced DSB repair by regulating (a) the expression of DNA ligase IV and DNA-PKcs and (b) Rad51 foci formation in response to DNA DSBs in hypoxic MSCs. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that hypoxia enhances mouse MSC radioresistance in vitro. These findings have important implications for our understanding of MSC functions in supporting allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sugrue
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, , National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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46
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Wiegmans AP, Yap PY, Ward A, Lim YC, Khanna KK. Differences in Expression of Key DNA Damage Repair Genes after Epigenetic-Induced BRCAness Dictate Synthetic Lethality with PARP1 Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2321-31. [PMID: 26294743 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype represents a cancer that is highly aggressive with poor patient outcome. Current preclinical success has been gained through synthetic lethality, targeting genome instability with PARP inhibition in breast cancer cells that harbor silencing of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a class of drugs that mediate epigenetic changes in expression of HR pathway genes. Here, we compare the activity of the pan-HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), the class I/IIa HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), and the HDAC1/2-specific inhibitor romidepsin (ROMI) for their capability to regulate DNA damage repair gene expression and in sensitizing TNBC to PARPi. We found that two of the HDACis tested, SAHA and ROMI, but not VPA, indeed inhibit HR repair and that RAD51, BARD1, and FANCD2 represent key proteins whose inhibition is required for HDACi-mediated therapy with PARP inhibition in TNBC. We also observed that restoration of BRCA1 function stabilizes the genome compared with mutant BRCA1 that results in enhanced polyploid population after combination treatment with HDACi and PARPi. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of the key HR protein RAD51 represents a mechanism for this resistance, promoting aberrant repair and the enhanced polyploidy observed. These findings highlight the key components of HR in guiding synthetic lethality with PARP inhibition and support the rationale for utilizing the novel combination of HDACi and PARPi against TNBC in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Wiegmans
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia. Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Pei-Yi Yap
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ambber Ward
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yi Chieh Lim
- Translational Brain Cancer Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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47
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Cdc14A and Cdc14B Redundantly Regulate DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3657-68. [PMID: 26283732 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00233-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdc14 is a phosphatase that controls mitotic exit and cytokinesis in budding yeast. In mammals, the two Cdc14 homologues, Cdc14A and Cdc14B, have been proposed to regulate DNA damage repair, whereas the mitotic exit and cytokinesis rely on another phosphatase, PP2A-B55α. It is unclear if the two Cdc14s work redundantly in DNA repair and which repair pathways they participate in. More importantly, their target(s) in DNA repair remains elusive. Here we report that Cdc14B knockout (Cdc14B(-/-)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed defects in repairing ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which occurred only at late passages when Cdc14A levels were low. This repair defect could occur at early passages if Cdc14A levels were also compromised. These results indicate redundancy between Cdc14B and Cdc14A in DSB repair. Further, we found that Cdc14B deficiency impaired both homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), the two major DSB repair pathways. We also provide evidence that Cdh1 is a downstream target of Cdc14B in DSB repair.
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48
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FBH1 influences DNA replication fork stability and homologous recombination through ubiquitylation of RAD51. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5931. [PMID: 25585578 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Unscheduled homologous recombination (HR) can lead to genomic instability, which greatly increases the threat of neoplastic transformation in humans. The F-box DNA helicase 1 (FBH1) is a 3'-5' DNA helicase with a putative function as a negative regulator of HR. It is the only known DNA helicase to contain an F-box, suggesting that one of its functions is to act as a ubiquitin ligase as part of an SCF (SKP1, CUL1 and F-box) complex. Here we report that the central player in HR, RAD51, is ubiquitylated by the SCF(FBH1) complex. Expression of an ubiquitylation-resistant form of RAD51 in human cells leads to hyperrecombination, as well as several phenotypes indicative of an altered response to DNA replication stress. These effects are likely to be mediated by the enhanced nuclear matrix association of the ubiquitylation-resistant RAD51. These data are consistent with FBH1 acting as a negative regulator of RAD51 function in human cells.
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49
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Gupta R, Liu AY, Glazer PM, Wajapeyee N. LKB1 preserves genome integrity by stimulating BRCA1 expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:259-71. [PMID: 25488815 PMCID: PMC4288185 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11, also known as LKB1) functions as a tumor suppressor in many human cancers. However, paradoxically loss of LKB1 in mouse embryonic fibroblast results in resistance to oncogene-induced transformation. Therefore, it is unclear why loss of LKB1 leads to increased predisposition to develop a wide variety of cancers. Here, we show that LKB1 protects cells from genotoxic stress. Cells lacking LKB1 display increased sensitivity to irradiation, accumulates more DNA double-strand breaks, display defective homology-directed DNA repair (HDR) and exhibit increased mutation rate, compared with that of LKB1-expressing cells. Conversely, the ectopic expression of LKB1 in cells lacking LKB1 protects them against genotoxic stress-induced DNA damage and prevents the accumulation of mutations. We find that LKB1 post-transcriptionally stimulates HDR gene BRCA1 expression by inhibiting the cytoplasmic localization of the RNA-binding protein, HU antigen R, in an AMP kinase-dependent manner and stabilizes BRCA1 mRNA. Cells lacking BRCA1 similar to the cell lacking LKB1 display increased genomic instability and ectopic expression of BRCA1 rescues LKB1 loss-induced sensitivity to genotoxic stress. Collectively, our results demonstrate that LKB1 is a crucial regulator of genome integrity and reveal a novel mechanism for LKB1-mediated tumor suppression with direct therapeutic implications for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alex Y Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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50
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Rosen DB, Leung LY, Louie B, Cordeiro JA, Conroy A, Shapira I, Fields SZ, Cesano A, Hawtin RE. Quantitative measurement of alterations in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways using single cell network profiling (SCNP). J Transl Med 2014; 12:184. [PMID: 24965603 PMCID: PMC4099151 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway deficiencies have significant implications for cancer predisposition and treatment strategies. Improved quantitative methods for functionally characterizing these deficiencies are required to accurately identify patients at risk of developing cancer and to identify mechanisms of drug resistance or sensitivity. Methods Flow cytometry-based single cell network profiling (SCNP) was used to measure drug-induced activation of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins in cell lines with defined HRR pathway mutations (including ATM-/-, ATM+/-, BRCA1+/-, BRCA2-/-) and in primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. Both non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and HRR pathways were examined by measuring changes in intracellular readouts (including p-H2AX, p-ATM, p-DNA-PKcs, p-53BP1, p-RPA2/32, p-BRCA1, p-p53, and p21) in response to exposure to mechanistically distinct genotoxins. The cell cycle S/G2/M phase CyclinA2 marker was used to normalize for proliferation rates. Results Etoposide induced proliferation-independent DNA damage and activation of multiple DDR proteins in primary AML cells and ATM +/+but not ATM -/- cell lines. Treatment with the PARPi AZD2281 +/- temozolomide induced DNA damage in CyclinA2+ cells in both primary AML cells and cell lines and distngiushed cell lines deficient (BRCA2-/-) or impaired (BRCA1+/-) in HRR activity from BRCA1+/+ cell lines based on p-H2AX induction. Application of this assay to primary AML samples identified heterogeneous patterns of repair activity including muted or proficient activation of NHEJ and HRR pathways and predominant activation of NHEJ in a subset of samples. Conclusions SCNP identified functional DDR readouts in both NHEJ and HRR pathways, which can be applied to identify cells with BRCA1+/- haploinsuffiency and characterize differential DDR pathway functionality in primary clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachael E Hawtin
- Research, Nodality Inc,, 170 Harbor Way, Suite 200, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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