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Paul SK, Oshima M, Patil A, Sone M, Kato H, Maezawa Y, Kaneko H, Fukuyo M, Rahmutulla B, Ouchi Y, Tsujimura K, Nakanishi M, Kaneda A, Iwama A, Yokote K, Eto K, Takayama N. Retrotransposons in Werner syndrome-derived macrophages trigger type I interferon-dependent inflammation in an atherosclerosis model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4772. [PMID: 38858384 PMCID: PMC11164933 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis, the second leading cause of death among Werner syndrome (WS) patients, are not fully understood. Here, we establish an in vitro co-culture system using macrophages (iMφs), vascular endothelial cells (iVECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (iVSMCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. In co-culture, WS-iMφs induces endothelial dysfunction in WS-iVECs and characteristics of the synthetic phenotype in WS-iVSMCs. Transcriptomics and open chromatin analysis reveal accelerated activation of type I interferon signaling and reduced chromatin accessibility of several transcriptional binding sites required for cellular homeostasis in WS-iMφs. Furthermore, the H3K9me3 levels show an inverse correlation with retrotransposable elements, and retrotransposable element-derived double-stranded RNA activates the DExH-box helicase 58 (DHX58)-dependent cytoplasmic RNA sensing pathway in WS-iMφs. Conversely, silencing type I interferon signaling in WS-iMφs rescues cell proliferation and suppresses cellular senescence and inflammation. These findings suggest that Mφ-specific inhibition of type I interferon signaling could be targeted to treat atherosclerosis in WS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Kumar Paul
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masamitsu Sone
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisaya Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiyori Kaneko
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukuyo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bahityar Rahmutulla
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ouchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kyoko Tsujimura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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Kim H, Jarocha D, Johnson I, Ahn H, Hlinka N, French DL, Rauova L, Lee K, Poncz M. Studies of infused megakaryocytes into mice support a "catch-and-release" model of pulmonary-centric thrombopoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597316. [PMID: 38895231 PMCID: PMC11185690 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Many aspects of thrombopoiesis, the release of platelets from megakaryocytes (Mks), remain under debate, including where this process occurs. Murine lung in situ -microscopy studies suggested that a significant fraction of circulating platelets were released from lung-entrapped, marrow-derived Mks. We now confirm these in situ studies that endogenous mMks are entrapped in the lungs and show that intravenously infused in vitro -differentiated, mature murine (m) and human (h) Mks are similarly entrapped followed by shedding of their cytoplasm over ∼30 minutes with a peak number of released platelets occurring 1.5-4 hours later. However, while infused Mks from both species shed large intrapulmonary cytoplasmic fragments that underwent further processing into platelet-sized fragments, the two differed: many mMks escaped from and then recycled back to the lungs, while most hMks were enucleated upon first intrapulmonary passage. Infused immature hMks, inflammatory hMks, umbilical cord-blood-derived hMks and immortalized Mk progenitor cell (imMKCL)-derived hMks were also entrapped in the lung of recipient mice, and released their cytoplasm, but did so to different degrees. Intraarterial infused hMks resulted in few Mks being entrapped in tissues other than the lungs and was accompanied by a blunted and delayed rise in circulating human platelets. These studies demonstrate that the lung entraps and processes both circulating Mks and released large cytoplasmic fragments consistent with a recent lung/heart murine study and support a pulmonary-centric "catch-and-release" model of thrombopoiesis. Thus, thrombopoiesis is a drawn-out process with the majority of cytoplasmic processing derived from Mks occurring in the pulmonary bed. Key Points Infused in vitro -differentiated megakaryocytes synchronously release cytoplasmic fragments highly selectively in the pulmonary bed. Large, released megakaryocyte fragments recycle to the lungs, undergo further fission, terminally form platelets.
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Lang Y, Lyu Y, Tan Y, Hu Z. Progress in construction of mouse models to investigate the pathogenesis and immune therapy of human hematological malignancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195194. [PMID: 37646021 PMCID: PMC10461088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancy is a disease arisen by complicate reasons that seriously endangers human health. The research on its pathogenesis and therapies depends on the usage of animal models. Conventional animal model cannot faithfully mirror some characteristics of human features due to the evolutionary divergence, whereas the mouse models hosting human hematological malignancy are more and more applied in basic as well as translational investigations in recent years. According to the construction methods, they can be divided into different types (e.g. cell-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft model (PDX) model) that have diverse characteristics and application values. In addition, a variety of strategies have been developed to improve human hematological malignant cell engraftment and differentiation in vivo. Moreover, the humanized mouse model with both functional human immune system and autologous human hematological malignancy provides a unique tool for the evaluation of the efficacy of novel immunotherapeutic drugs/approaches. Herein, we first review the evolution of the mouse model of human hematological malignancy; Then, we analyze the characteristics of different types of models and summarize the ways to improve the models; Finally, the way and value of humanized mouse model of human immune system in the immunotherapy of human hematological malignancy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yehui Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kumar B, Afshar-Kharghan V, Mendt M, Sackstein R, Tanner MR, Popat U, Ramdial J, Daher M, Jimenez J, Basar R, Melo Garcia L, Shanley M, Kaplan M, Wan X, Nandivada V, Reyes Silva F, Woods V, Gilbert A, Gonzalez-Delgado R, Acharya S, Lin P, Rafei H, Banerjee PP, Shpall EJ. Engineered cord blood megakaryocytes evade killing by allogeneic T-cells for refractory thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018047. [PMID: 36203567 PMCID: PMC9530569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current global platelet supply is often insufficient to meet all the transfusion needs of patients, in particular for those with alloimmune thrombocytopenia. To address this issue, we have developed a strategy employing a combination of approaches to achieve more efficient production of functional megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets collected from cord blood (CB)-derived CD34+ hematopoietic cells. This strategy is based on ex-vivo expansion and differentiation of MKs in the presence of bone marrow niche-mimicking mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), together with two other key components: (1) To enhance MK polyploidization, we used the potent pharmacological Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, KD045, resulting in liberation of increased numbers of functional platelets both in-vitro and in-vivo; (2) To evade HLA class I T-cell-driven killing of these expanded MKs, we employed CRISPR-Cas9-mediated β-2 microglobulin (β2M) gene knockout (KO). We found that coculturing with MSCs and MK-lineage-specific cytokines significantly increased MK expansion. This was further increased by ROCK inhibition, which induced MK polyploidization and platelet production. Additionally, ex-vivo treatment of MKs with KD045 resulted in significantly higher levels of engraftment and donor chimerism in a mouse model of thrombocytopenia. Finally, β2M KO allowed MKs to evade killing by allogeneic T-cells. Overall, our approaches offer a novel, readily translatable roadmap for producing adult donor-independent platelet products for a variety of clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijender Kumar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Section of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mayela Mendt
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mark R. Tanner
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Uday Popat
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeremy Ramdial
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Juan Jimenez
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rafet Basar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luciana Melo Garcia
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mayra Shanley
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mecit Kaplan
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xinhai Wan
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vandana Nandivada
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francia Reyes Silva
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vernikka Woods
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - April Gilbert
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ricardo Gonzalez-Delgado
- Section of Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sunil Acharya
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hind Rafei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pinaki Prosad Banerjee
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth J. Shpall,
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Yu B, Wang F, Wang Y. Advances in the Structural and Physiological Functions of SHARPIN. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858505. [PMID: 35547743 PMCID: PMC9084887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SHARPIN was initially found as a SHANK-associated protein. SHARPIN can be used as an important component to form the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) with HOIL-1L, HOIP to produce a linear ubiquitin chain connected N-terminal Met1, playing a critical role in various cellular processes including NF-κB signaling, inflammation, embryogenesis and apoptosis. SHARPIN alone can also participate in many critical physiological activities and cause various disorders such as chronic dermatitis, tumor, and Alzheimer’s disease. Mice with spontaneous autosomal recessive mutations in the SHARPIN protein mainly exhibit chronic dermatitis and immunodeficiency with elevated IgM. Additionally, SHARPIN alone also plays a key role in various cellular events, such as B cells activation and platelet aggregation. Structural studies of the SHARPIN or LUBAC have been reported continuously, advancing our understanding of it at the molecular level. However, the full-length structure of the SHARPIN or LUBAC was lagging, and the molecular mechanism underlying these physiological processes is also unclear. Herein, we summarized the currently resolved structure of SHARPIN as well as the emerging physiological role of SHARPIN alone or in LUBAC. Further structural and functional study of SHARPIN will provide insight into the role and underlying mechanism of SHARPIN in disease, as well as its potential application in therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Ricolinostat promotes the generation of megakaryocyte progenitors from human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:54. [PMID: 35123563 PMCID: PMC8817546 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ex vivo production of induced megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets from stem cells is an alternative approach for supplying transfusible platelets. However, it is difficult to generate large numbers of MKs and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells (HSPCs).
Methods To optimize the differentiation efficiency of megakaryocytic cells from HSPCs, we first employed a platelet factor 4 (PF4)-promoter reporter and high-throughput screening strategy to screen for small molecules. We also investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of candidate small molecules on megakaryocytic differentiation of human HSPCs. Results The small molecule Ricolinostat remarkably promoted the expression of PF4-promoter reporter in the megakaryocytic cell line. Notably, Ricolinostat significantly enhanced the cell fate commitment of MK progenitors (MkPs) from cord blood HSPCs and promoted the proliferation of MkPs based on cell surface marker detection, colony-forming unit-MK assay, and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. MkPs generated from Ricolinostat-induced HSPCs differentiated into mature MKs and platelets. Mechanistically, we found that Ricolinostat enhanced MkP fate mainly by inhibiting the secretion of IL-8 and decreasing the expression of the IL-8 receptor CXCR2. Conclusion The addition of Ricolinostat to the culture medium promoted MkP differentiation from HSPCs and enhanced the proliferation of MkPs mainly by suppressing the IL-8/CXCR2 pathway. Our results can help the development of manufacturing protocols for the efficient generation of MKs and platelets from stem cells in vitro. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02722-5.
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Ectopic Expression of FVIII in HPCs and MSCs Derived from hiPSCs with Site-Specific Integration of ITGA2B Promoter-Driven BDDF8 Gene in Hemophilia A. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020623. [PMID: 35054807 PMCID: PMC8775870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia A (HA) is caused by mutations in the coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) gene (F8). Gene therapy is a hopeful cure for HA; however, FVIII inhibitors formation hinders its clinical application. Given that platelets promote coagulation via locally releasing α-granule, FVIII ectopically expressed in platelets has been attempted, with promising results for HA treatment. The B-domain-deleted F8 (BDDF8), driven by a truncated ITGA2B promoter, was targeted at the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus of HA patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (HA-iPSCs). The F8-modified, human induced pluripotent stem cells (2bF8-iPSCs) were differentiated into induced hematopoietic progenitor cells (iHPCs), induced megakaryocytes (iMKs), and mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs), and the FVIII expression was detected. The ITGA2B promoter-driven BDDF8 was site-specifically integrated into the rDNA locus of HA-iPSCs. The 2bF8-iPSCs were efficiently differentiated into 2bF8-iHPCs, 2bF8-iMKs, and 2bF8-iMSCs. FVIII was 10.31 ng/106 cells in lysates of 2bF8-iHPCs, compared to 1.56 ng/106 cells in HA-iHPCs, and FVIII was 3.64 ng/106 cells in 2bF8-iMSCs lysates, while 1.31 ng/106 cells in iMSCs with CMV-driven BDDF8. Our results demonstrated a high expression of FVIII in iHPCs and iMSCs derived from hiPSCs with site-specific integration of ITGA2B promoter-driven BDDF8, indicating potential clinical prospects of this platelet-targeted strategy for HA gene therapy.
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Sone M, Nakamura S, Umeda S, Ginya H, Oshima M, Kanashiro MA, Paul SK, Hashimoto K, Nakamura E, Harada Y, Tsujimura K, Saraya A, Yamaguchi T, Sugimoto N, Sawaguchi A, Iwama A, Eto K, Takayama N. Silencing of p53 and CDKN1A establishes sustainable immortalized megakaryocyte progenitor cells from human iPSCs. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2861-2870. [PMID: 34861163 PMCID: PMC8693651 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet transfusions are critical for severe thrombocytopenia but depend on blood donors. The shortage of donors and the potential of universal HLA-null platelet products have stimulated research on the ex vivo differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to platelets. We recently established expandable immortalized megakaryocyte cell lines (imMKCLs) from hPSCs by transducing MYC, BMI1, and BCL-XL (MBX). imMKCLs can act as cryopreservable master cells to supply platelet concentrates. However, the proliferation rates of the imMKCLs vary with the starting hPSC clone. In this study, we reveal from the gene expression profiles of several MKCL clones that the proliferation arrest is correlated with the expression levels of specific cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Silencing CDKN1A and p53 with the overexpression of MBX was effective at stably inducing imMKCLs that generate functional platelets irrespective of the hPSC clone. Collectively, this improvement in generating imMKCLs should contribute to platelet industrialization and platelet biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Sone
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sou Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Umeda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Sudip Kumar Paul
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kanae Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emiri Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Harada
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsujimura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsunori Saraya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Sawaguchi
- Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan; Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
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Pawinwongchai J, Jangprasert P, Nilsri N, Israsena N, Rojnuckarin P. Mutated JAK2 signal transduction in human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-derived Megakaryocytes. Platelets 2021; 33:700-708. [PMID: 34749590 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1981850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene mutations are the main drivers for polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). The mechanisms of single altered gene causing two different diseases are unclear. Additionally, novel treatments specifically targeting mutated JAK2 proteins are needed. In this study, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were virally transduced to express wild-type JAK2 (JAK2WT), JAK2p.V617F (JAK2V617F) or JAK2p.N542_E543del (JAK2exon12) under a doxycycline-inducible system. The modified iPSCs which were differentiated into megakaryocytes in the presence vs. absence of doxycycline were compared to ensure that the differences were solely from mutated JAK2 expressions. The JAK2V617-expressing iPSCs yielded significantly higher numbers of megakaryocytes consistent with the ET phenotype, while there was no enhancement by JAK2exon12 expression compatible with the pure erythrocytosis in humans. Capillary Western analyses revealed significantly greater JAK2 phosphorylation in iPSCs carrying JAK2V617F but not in JAK2WT and JAK2exon12 iPSCs. Activation of STAT3, STAT5 and AKT was increased by JAK2V617F, while they were decreased in JAK2exon12 iPSCs. Notably, interferon alpha and/or arsenic trioxide inhibited megakaryocytes proliferation and reduced JAK2, STAT3, STAT5 and AKT phosphorylation in mutant JAK2-expressing iPSCs compared with those without induction. In conclusion, JAK2V617F expression in iPSCs preferentially promoted megakaryocytes with a signaling profile distinctive from JAK2exon12 expression. Treatments with interferon alpha or arsenic trioxide preferentially suppressed the mutated over wild-type JAK2 signaling. This iPSC model is helpful in mechanistic studies and novel therapy screen for myeloproliferative neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panchalee Jangprasert
- Research Unit in Translational Hematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Nilsri
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nipan Israsena
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ponlapat Rojnuckarin
- Research Unit in Translational Hematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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The Opportunities and Challenges regarding Induced Platelets from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5588165. [PMID: 34054969 PMCID: PMC8112939 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5588165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a standard clinical treatment, platelet transfusion has been employed to prevent hemorrhage in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunctions. Platelets also show therapeutic potential for aiding liver regeneration and bone healing and regeneration and for treating dermatological conditions. However, the supply of platelets rarely meets the rising clinical demand. Other issues, including short shelf life, strict storage temperature, and allogeneic immunity caused by frequent platelet transfusions, have become serious challenges that require the development of high-yielding alternative sources of platelets. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are an unlimited substitution source for regenerative medicine, and patient-derived iPSCs can provide novel research models to explore the pathogenesis of some diseases. Many studies have focused on establishing and modifying protocols for generating functional induced platelets (iPlatelets) from hPSCs. To reach high efficiency production and eliminate the exogenous antigens, media supplements and matrix have been optimized. In addition, the introduction of some critical transgenes, such as c-MYC, BMI1, and BCL-XL, can also significantly increase hPSC-derived platelet production; however, this may pose some safety concerns. Furthermore, many novel culture systems have been developed to scale up the production of iPlatelets, including 2D flow systems, 3D rotary systems, and vertical reciprocal motion liquid culture bioreactors. The development of new gene-editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, can be used to solve allogeneic immunity of platelet transfusions by knocking out the expression of B2M. Additionally, the functions of iPlatelets were also evaluated from multiple aspects, including but not limited to morphology, structure, cytoskeletal organization, granule content, DNA content, and gene expression. Although the production and functions of iPlatelets are close to meeting clinical application requirements in both quantity and quality, there is still a long way to go for their large-scale production and clinical application. Here, we summarize the diverse methods of platelet production and update the progresses of iPlatelets. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of key transcription factors or molecules that determine the platelet differentiation direction.
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Zhang B, Wu X, Zi G, He L, Wang S, Chen L, Fan Z, Nan X, Xi J, Yue W, Wang L, Wang L, Hao J, Pei X, Li Y. Large-scale generation of megakaryocytes from human embryonic stem cells using transgene-free and stepwise defined suspension culture conditions. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13002. [PMID: 33615584 PMCID: PMC8016648 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ex vivo engineered production of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets (PLTs) from human pluripotent stem cells is an alternative approach to solve shortage of donor-donated PLTs in clinics and to provide induced PLTs for transfusion. However, low production yields are observed and the generation of clinically applicable MKs and PLTs from human pluripotent stem cells without genetic modifications still needs to be improved. MATERIALS AND METHODS We defined an optimal, stepwise and completely xeno-free culture protocol for the generation of MKs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). To generate MKs from hESCs on a large scale, we improved the monolayer induction manner to define three-dimensional (3D) and sphere-like differentiation systems for MKs by using a special polystyrene CellSTACK culture chamber. RESULTS The 3D manufacturing system could efficiently generate large numbers of MKs from hESCs within 16-18 days of continuous culturing. Each CellSTACK culture chamber could collect on an average 3.4 × 108 CD41+ MKs after a three-stage orderly induction process. MKs obtained from hESCs via 3D induction showed significant secretion of IL-8, thrombospondin-1 and MMP9. The induced cells derived from hESCs in our culture system were shown to have the characteristics of MKs as well as the function to form proPLTs and release PLTs. Furthermore, we generated clinically applicable MKs from clinical-grade hESC lines and confirmed the biosafety of these cells. CONCLUSIONS We developed a simple, stepwise, 3D and completely xeno-free/feeder-free/transgene-free induction system for the generation of MKs from hESCs. hESC-derived MKs were shown to have typical MK characteristics and PLT formation ability. This study further enhances the clinical applications of MKs or PLTs derived from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
| | - Xumin Wu
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
| | - Guicheng Zi
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
| | - Lijuan He
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Sihan Wang
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Lin Chen
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Zeng Fan
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xue Nan
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jiafei Xi
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wen Yue
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuetao Pei
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine LabInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yanhua Li
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry LabBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative MedicineSCIBGuangzhouChina
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12
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Cullmann K, Jahn M, Spindler M, Schenk F, Manukjan G, Mucci A, Steinemann D, Boller K, Schulze H, Bender M, Moritz T, Modlich U. Forming megakaryocytes from murine-induced pluripotent stem cells by the inducible overexpression of supporting factors. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 5:111-124. [PMID: 33537535 PMCID: PMC7845061 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are small anucleate cells that circulate in the blood in a resting state but can be activated by external cues. In case of need, platelets from blood donors can be transfused. As an alternative source, platelets can be produced from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, recovered numbers are low. Objectives To optimize megakaryocyte (MK) and platelet output from murine iPSCs, we investigated overexpression of the transcription factors GATA‐binding factor 1 (GATA1); nuclear factor, erythroid 2; and pre–B‐cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (Pbx1) and a hyperactive variant of the small guanosine triphosphatase RhoA (RhoAhc). Methods To avoid off‐target effects, we generated iPSCs carrying the reverse tetracycline‐responsive transactivator M2 (rtTA‐M2) in the Rosa26 locus and expressed the factors from Tet‐inducible gammaretroviral vectors. Differentiation of iPSCs was initiated by embryoid body (EB) formation. After EB dissociation, early hematopoietic progenitors were enriched and cocultivated on OP9 feeder cells with thrombopoietin and stem cell factor to induce megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation. Results Overexpression of GATA1 and Pbx1 increased MK output 2‐ to 2.5‐fold and allowed prolonged collection of MK. Cytologic and ultrastructural analyses identified typical MK with enlarged cells, multilobulated nuclei, granule structures, and an internal membrane system. However, GATA1 and Pbx1 expression did not improve MK maturation or platelet release, although in vitro–generated platelets were functional in spreading on fibrinogen or collagen‐related peptide. Conclusion We demonstrate that the use of rtTA‐M2 transgenic iPSCs transduced with Tet‐inducible retroviral vectors allowed for gene expression at later time points during differentiation. With this strategy we could identify factors that increased in vitro MK production. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Cullmann
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Magdalena Jahn
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Markus Spindler
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Franziska Schenk
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Georgi Manukjan
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Adele Mucci
- RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Present address: San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy Milano Italy
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Department of Human Genetics Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Klaus Boller
- Morphology, Division of Immunology Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Ute Modlich
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
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13
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Pawinwongchai J, Mekchay P, Nilsri N, Israsena N, Rojnuckarin P. Regulation of platelet numbers and sizes by signaling pathways. Platelets 2020; 32:1073-1083. [PMID: 33222582 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1841893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Either the glycoprotein (GP) Ib deficiency or hyper-function in humans can cause macrothrombocytopenia, the molecular mechanisms of which remain unclear. Herein, the investigations for disease pathogenesis were performed in the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) model. The hiPSCs carrying a gain-of-function GP1BA p.M255V mutation which was described in platelet-type von Willebrand disease (PT-VWD) were generated using CRISPR/Cas9. The GP1BA-null hiPSCs were previously derived from a Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) patient. After full megakaryocyte differentiation in culture, both hiPSC mutations showed large proplatelet tips under fluorescence microscopy and yielded fewer but larger platelets compared with those of wild-type cells. The Capillary Western analyses revealed the lower ERK1/2 activation and higher MLC2 (Myosin light chain 2) phosphorylation in megakaryocytes with mutated GPIb. Adding a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitor to wild-type hiPSCs recapitulated the phenotypes of GPIb mutations and increased MLC2 phosphorylation. Notably, a ROCK inhibitor which could inhibit MLC2 phosphorylation rescued the macrothrombocytopenia phenotypes of both GPIb alterations and wild-type hiPSCs with a MAPK inhibitor. In conclusion, the genetically modified hiPSCs can be used to model disorders of proplatelet formation. Both loss- and gain-of-function GPIb reduced MAPK/ERK activation but enhanced ROCK/MLC2 phosphorylation resulting in dysregulated platelet generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaturawat Pawinwongchai
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ponthip Mekchay
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Nilsri
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nipan Israsena
- Stem Cell and Cell Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ponlapat Rojnuckarin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Di Buduo CA, Soprano PM, Miguel CP, Perotti C, Del Fante C, Balduini A. A Gold Standard Protocol for Human Megakaryocyte Culture Based on the Analysis of 1,500 Umbilical Cord Blood Samples. Thromb Haemost 2020; 121:538-542. [PMID: 33160288 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Di Buduo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo M Soprano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carolina P Miguel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service and Cell Therapy Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service and Cell Therapy Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
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15
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Zhu F, Feng M, Sinha R, Murphy MP, Luo F, Kao KS, Szade K, Seita J, Weissman IL. The GABA receptor GABRR1 is expressed on and functional in hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18416-18422. [PMID: 31451629 PMCID: PMC6744911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906251116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
GABRR1 is a rho subunit receptor of GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. While most investigations of its function focused on the nervous system, its regulatory role in hematopoiesis has not been reported. In this study, we found GABRR1 is mainly expressed on subsets of human and mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and megakaryocyte progenitors (MkPs). GABRR1-negative (GR-) HSCs led to higher donor-derived hematopoietic chimerism than GABRR1-positive (GR+) HSCs. GR+ but not GR- HSCs and MkPs respond to GABA in patch clamp studies. Inhibition of GABRR1 via genetic knockout or antagonists inhibited MkP differentiation and reduced platelet numbers in blood. Overexpression of GABRR1 or treatment with agonists significantly promoted MkP generation and megakaryocyte colonies. Thus, this study identifies a link between the neural and hematopoietic systems and opens up the possibility of manipulating GABA signaling for platelet-required clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mingye Feng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Matthew Philip Murphy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Fujun Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Kevin S Kao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jun Seita
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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16
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SHARPIN at the nexus of integrin, immune, and inflammatory signaling in human platelets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4983-4988. [PMID: 30804189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819156116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets mediate primary hemostasis, and recent work has emphasized platelet participation in immunity and inflammation. The function of the platelet-specific integrin αIIbβ3 as a fibrinogen receptor in hemostasis is well defined, but the roles of αIIbβ3 or integrin-associated proteins in nonhemostatic platelet functions are poorly understood. Here we show that human platelets express the integrin-associated protein SHARPIN with functional consequences. In leukocytes, SHARPIN interacts with integrin α cytoplasmic tails, and it is also an obligate member of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), which mediates Met1 linear ubiquitination of proteins leading to canonical NF-κB activation. SHARPIN interacted with αIIb in pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays. SHARPIN was partially localized, as was αIIbβ3, at platelet edges, and thrombin stimulation induced more central SHARPIN localization. SHARPIN also coimmunoprecipitated from platelets with the two other proteins comprising LUBAC, the E3 ligase HOIP and HOIL-1. Platelet stimulation with thrombin or inflammatory agonists, including lipopolysaccharide or soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), induced Met1 linear ubiquitination of the NF-κB pathway protein NEMO and serine-536 phosphorylation of the p65 RelA subunit of NF-κB. In human megakaryocytes and/or platelets derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, SHARPIN knockdown caused increased basal and agonist-induced fibrinogen binding to αIIbβ3 as well as reduced Met1 ubiquitination and RelA phosphorylation. Moreover, these SHARPIN knockdown cells exhibited increased surface expression of MHC class I molecules and increased release of sCD40L. These results establish that SHARPIN functions in the human megakaryocyte/platelet lineage through protein interactions at the nexus of integrin and immune/inflammatory signaling.
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17
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An HH, Poncz M, Chou ST. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Red Blood Cells, Megakaryocytes, and Platelets: Progress and Challenges. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase stimulates thrombopoietin-independent hematopoiesis accelerating recovery from thrombocytopenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8228-E8235. [PMID: 30104364 PMCID: PMC6126720 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) catalyze aminoacylation of tRNAs in the first step of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. However, in higher eukaryotes, they acquired additional functions beyond translation. In the present study, we show that an activated form of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRSACT) functions to enhance megakaryopoiesis and platelet production in vitro and in vivo. These findings were confirmed with human megakaryocytes differentiated from peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells and with human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The activity of YRSACT is independent of thrombopoietin (TPO), as evidenced by expansion of the megakaryocytes from iPS cell-derived hematopoietic stem cells from a patient deficient in TPO signaling. These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized function of an aaRS which may have implications for therapeutic interventions. New mechanisms behind blood cell formation continue to be uncovered, with therapeutic approaches for hematological diseases being of great interest. Here we report an enzyme in protein synthesis, known for cell-based activities beyond translation, is a factor inducing megakaryocyte-biased hematopoiesis, most likely under stress conditions. We show an activated form of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YRSACT), prepared either by rationally designed mutagenesis or alternative splicing, induces expansion of a previously unrecognized high-ploidy Sca-1+ megakaryocyte population capable of accelerating platelet replenishment after depletion. Moreover, YRSACT targets monocytic cells to induce secretion of transacting cytokines that enhance megakaryocyte expansion stimulating the Toll-like receptor/MyD88 pathway. Platelet replenishment by YRSACT is independent of thrombopoietin (TPO), as evidenced by expansion of the megakaryocytes from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hematopoietic stem cells from a patient deficient in TPO signaling. We suggest megakaryocyte-biased hematopoiesis induced by YRSACT offers new approaches for treating thrombocytopenia, boosting yields from cell-culture production of platelet concentrates for transfusion, and bridging therapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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19
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Vijey P, Posorske B, Machlus KR. In vitro culture of murine megakaryocytes from fetal liver-derived hematopoietic stem cells. Platelets 2018; 29:583-588. [PMID: 30047825 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1492107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are specialized precursor cells committed to producing and proliferating platelets. In a cytoskeletal-driven process, mature MKs generate platelets by releasing thin cytoplasmic extensions, named proplatelets, into the sinusoids. Due to knowledge gaps in this process and mounting clinical demand for non-donor-based platelet sources, investigators are successfully developing artificial culture systems to recreate the environment of platelet biogenesis. Nevertheless, drawbacks in current methods entail elaborate procedures for stem cell enrichment, extensive growth periods, low MK yield, and poor proplatelet production. We propose a simple, robust method of primary MK culture that utilizes fetal livers from pregnant mice. Our technique reduces expansion time to 4 days, and generates ~15,000-20,000 MKs per liver. Approximately, 20-50% of these MKs produce structurally dense, high-quality proplatelets. In this review, we outline our method of MK culture and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakrith Vijey
- a Division of Hematology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Benjamin Posorske
- a Division of Hematology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- a Division of Hematology , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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20
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Takei H, Edahiro Y, Mano S, Masubuchi N, Mizukami Y, Imai M, Morishita S, Misawa K, Ochiai T, Tsuneda S, Endo H, Nakamura S, Eto K, Ohsaka A, Araki M, Komatsu N. Skewed megakaryopoiesis in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived haematopoietic progenitor cells harbouring calreticulin mutations. Br J Haematol 2018; 181:791-802. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Takei
- Department of Haematology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoko Edahiro
- Department of Haematology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shuichi Mano
- Department of Haematology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience; Waseda University Graduate School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Nami Masubuchi
- Department of Haematology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Research Institute for Disease of Old Age; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Mizukami
- Department of Haematology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Misa Imai
- Department of Haematology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Soji Morishita
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kyohei Misawa
- Department of Haematology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomonori Ochiai
- Department of Haematology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience; Waseda University Graduate School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Endo
- Department of Clinical Application; CiRA, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Sou Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application; CiRA, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Clinical Application; CiRA, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Akimichi Ohsaka
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Marito Araki
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Haematology; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
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21
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In Vitro Haematopoietic Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cells or by Direct Lineage Conversion: Current Advances and Challenges. J Med Biol Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Osman S, Dalmay D, Mahaut-Smith M. Fluorescence Approaches to Image and Quantify the Demarcation Membrane System in Living Megakaryocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1812:195-215. [PMID: 30171580 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8585-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The demarcation membrane system (DMS) develops to provide additional surface membrane for the process of platelet production. The DMS is an invagination of the plasma membrane that can extend throughout the extranuclear volume of mature megakaryocytes and its lumen is continuous with the extracellular solution. DMS ultrastructure in fixed samples has been extensively studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and more recently with focused ion beam scanning EM. In addition, whole cell patch clamp membrane capacitance provides a direct measurement of DMS content in living megakaryocytes. However, fluorescence methods to image and quantify the DMS in living megakaryocytes provide several advantages. For example, confocal fluorescence microscopy is easier to use compared to EM or electrophysiological methods and the required equipment is more readily available. In addition, use of living cells avoids artifacts known to occur during the fixation, dehydration, or embedding steps used to prepare EM samples. Here we describe the use of styryl dyes such as FM 1-43 or di-8-ANEPPS and impermeant fluorescent indicators of the extracellular space as simple approaches for imaging and quantification of the DMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangar Osman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Lancaster Road, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Dalmay
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Lancaster Road, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Martyn Mahaut-Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Lancaster Road, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Rabbolini DJ, Morel-Kopp MC, Chen Q, Gabrielli S, Dunlop LC, Chew LP, Blair N, Brighton TA, Singh N, Ng AP, Ward CM, Stevenson WS. Thrombocytopenia and CD34 expression is decoupled from α-granule deficiency with mutation of the first growth factor-independent 1B zinc finger. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2245-2258. [PMID: 28880435 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The phenotypes of different growth factor-independent 1B (GFI1B) variants are not established. GFI1B variants produce heterogeneous clinical phenotypes dependent on the site of mutation. Mutation of the first non-DNA-binding zinc-finger causes a mild platelet and clinical phenotype. GFI1B regulates the CD34 promoter; platelet CD34 expression is an indicator of GFI1B mutation. SUMMARY Background Mutation of the growth factor-independent 1B (GFI1B) fifth DNA-binding zinc-finger domain causes macrothrombocytopenia and α-granule deficiency leading to clinical bleeding. The phenotypes associated with GFI1B variants disrupting non-DNA-binding zinc-fingers remain uncharacterized. Objectives To determine the functional and phenotypic consequences of GFI1B variants disrupting non-DNA-binding zinc-finger domains. Methods The GFI1B C168F variant and a novel GFI1B c.2520 + 1_2520 + 8delGTGGGCAC splice variant were identified in four unrelated families. Phenotypic features, DNA-binding properties and transcriptional effects were determined and compared with those in individuals with a GFI1B H294 fs mutation of the fifth DNA-binding zinc-finger. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived megakaryocytes were generated to facilitate disease modeling. Results The DNA-binding GFI1B variant C168F, which is predicted to disrupt the first non-DNA-binding zinc-finger domain, is associated with macrothrombocytopenia without α-granule deficiency or bleeding symptoms. A GFI1B splice variant, c.2520 + 1_2520 + 8delGTGGGCAC, which generates a short GFI1B isoform that lacks non-DNA-binding zinc-fingers 1 and 2, is associated with increased platelet CD34 expression only, without quantitative or morphologic platelet abnormalities. GFI1B represses the CD34 promoter, and this repression is attenuated by different GFI1B zinc-finger mutations, suggesting that deregulation of CD34 expression occurs at a direct transcriptional level. Patient-specific iPSC-derived megakaryocytes phenocopy these observations. Conclusions Disruption of GFI1B non-DNA-binding zinc-finger 1 is associated with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia without α-granule deficiency or bleeding symptomatology, indicating that the site of GFI1B mutation has important phenotypic implications. Platelet CD34 expression appears to be a common feature of perturbed GFI1B function, and may have diagnostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Rabbolini
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M-C Morel-Kopp
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Q Chen
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Gabrielli
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - L C Dunlop
- Department of Haematology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - L P Chew
- Department of Haematology, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - N Blair
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - T A Brighton
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Singh
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A P Ng
- Department of Cancer and Haematology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C M Ward
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - W S Stevenson
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Elbadry MI, Espinoza JL, Nakao S. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology: A window for studying the pathogenesis of acquired aplastic anemia and possible applications. Exp Hematol 2017; 49:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Hu L, Du L, Zhao Y, Li W, Ouyang Q, Zhou D, Lu G, Lin G. Modeling Glanzmann thrombasthenia using patient specific iPSCs and restoring platelet aggregation function by CD41 overexpression. Stem Cell Res 2017; 20:14-20. [PMID: 28232155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare monogenic hemorrhagic disorder involving aggregation defect of non-nuclear platelets. In this study we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from skin fibroblasts of a GT patient with complex heterogeneous mutations of ITGA2B gene. GT-iPSCs could be successfully differentiated into platelets (GT-iPS-platelets). GT-iPS-platelets were CD41-/CD42b+/CD61- and were platelet activation marker (PAC-1) negative after adenosine diphosphate (ADP) activation. Furthermore, GT-iPS-platelets were defective in platelet aggregation tests in vitro. Moreover, exogenous expression of the wild-type ITGA2B gene in GT-iPS platelets restored CD41 expression and normal platelet aggregation. Our study suggested that patient-specific iPSCs could be a potential target of stem cell based gene therapy for platelet diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha 410078, China.
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26
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Chao MP, Gentles AJ, Chatterjee S, Lan F, Reinisch A, Corces MR, Xavy S, Shen J, Haag D, Chanda S, Sinha R, Morganti RM, Nishimura T, Ameen M, Wu H, Wernig M, Wu JC, Majeti R. Human AML-iPSCs Reacquire Leukemic Properties after Differentiation and Model Clonal Variation of Disease. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:329-344.e7. [PMID: 28089908 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relative contributions of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) should assist integrated design of targeted therapies. In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from AML patient samples harboring MLL rearrangements and found that they retained leukemic mutations but reset leukemic DNA methylation/gene expression patterns. AML-iPSCs lacked leukemic potential, but when differentiated into hematopoietic cells, they reacquired the ability to give rise to leukemia in vivo and reestablished leukemic DNA methylation/gene expression patterns, including an aberrant MLL signature. Epigenetic reprogramming was therefore not sufficient to eliminate leukemic behavior. This approach also allowed us to study the properties of distinct AML subclones, including differential drug susceptibilities of KRAS mutant and wild-type cells, and predict relapse based on increased cytarabine resistance of a KRAS wild-type subclone. Overall, our findings illustrate the value of AML-iPSCs for investigating the mechanistic basis and clonal properties of human AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Chao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford Medicine, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Stanford Medicine, CA 94305, USA
| | - Susmita Chatterjee
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Feng Lan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Ryan Corces
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seethu Xavy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jinfeng Shen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Haag
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Soham Chanda
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rachel M Morganti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohamed Ameen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford Medicine, CA 94305, USA
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Genome Editing of the CYP1A1 Locus in iPSCs as a Platform to Map AHR Expression throughout Human Development. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2574152. [PMID: 27148368 PMCID: PMC4842384 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2574152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that increases the expression of detoxifying enzymes upon ligand stimulation. Recent studies now suggest that novel endogenous roles of the AHR exist throughout development. In an effort to create an optimized model system for the study of AHR signaling in several cellular lineages, we have employed a CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing strategy in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to incorporate a reporter cassette at the transcription start site of one of its canonical targets, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). This cell line faithfully reports on CYP1A1 expression, with luciferase levels as its functional readout, when treated with an endogenous AHR ligand (FICZ) at escalating doses. iPSC-derived fibroblast-like cells respond to acute exposure to environmental and endogenous AHR ligands, and iPSC-derived hepatocytes increase CYP1A1 in a similar manner to primary hepatocytes. This cell line is an important innovation that can be used to map AHR activity in discrete cellular subsets throughout developmental ontogeny. As further endogenous ligands are proposed, this line can be used to screen for safety and efficacy and can report on the ability of small molecules to regulate critical cellular processes by modulating the activity of the AHR.
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28
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Activation of the thrombopoietin receptor by mutant calreticulin in CALR-mutant myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2016; 127:1307-16. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-671172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Mutant CALR induces TPO-independent growth in the human megakaryocytic cell line UT-7/TPO. Mutant CALR binds to the TPO receptor, inducing phosphorylation of JAK2 and activating downstream signaling.
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29
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Sweeney CL, Teng R, Wang H, Merling RK, Lee J, Choi U, Koontz S, Wright DG, Malech HL. Molecular Analysis of Neutrophil Differentiation from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Delineates the Kinetics of Key Regulators of Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1513-26. [PMID: 26866427 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vitro generation of mature neutrophils from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) requires hematopoietic progenitor development followed by myeloid differentiation. The purpose of our studies was to extensively characterize this process, focusing on the critical window of development between hemogenic endothelium, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and myeloid commitment, to identify associated regulators and markers that might enable the stem cell field to improve the efficiency and efficacy of iPSC hematopoiesis. We utilized a four-stage differentiation protocol involving: embryoid body (EB) formation (stage-1); EB culture with hematopoietic cytokines (stage-2); HSPC expansion (stage-3); and neutrophil maturation (stage-4). CD34(+) CD45(-) putative hemogenic endothelial cells were observed in stage-3 cultures, and expressed VEGFR-2/Flk-1/KDR and VE-cadherin endothelial markers, GATA-2, AML1/RUNX1, and SCL/TAL1 transcription factors, and endothelial/HSPC-associated microRNAs miR-24, miR-125a-3p, miR-126/126*, and miR-155. Upon further culture, CD34(+) CD45(-) cells generated CD34(+) CD45(+) HSPCs that produced hematopoietic CFUs. Mid-stage-3 CD34(+) CD45(+) HSPCs exhibited increased expression of GATA-2, AML1/RUNX1, SCL/TAL1, C/EBPα, and PU.1 transcription factors, but exhibited decreased expression of HSPC-associated microRNAs, and failed to engraft in immune-deficient mice. Mid-stage-3 CD34(-) CD45(+) cells maintained PU.1 expression and exhibited increased expression of hematopoiesis-associated miR-142-3p/5p and a trend towards increased miR-223 expression, indicating myeloid commitment. By late Stage-4, increased CD15, CD16b, and C/EBPɛ expression were observed, with 25%-65% of cells exhibiting morphology and functions of mature neutrophils. These studies demonstrate that hematopoiesis and neutrophil differentiation from human iPSCs recapitulates many features of embryonic hematopoiesis and neutrophil production in marrow, but reveals unexpected molecular signatures that may serve as a guide for enhancing iPSC hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 2016;34:1513-1526.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Sweeney
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ruifeng Teng
- The Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Randall K Merling
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Janet Lee
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Uimook Choi
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sherry Koontz
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel G Wright
- The Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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In Vitro Generation of Antigen-Specific T Cells from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Antigen-Specific T Cell Origin. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1393:67-73. [PMID: 27033216 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3338-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from T lymphocyte (T-iPS cells) preserve the T cell receptor (TCR) α and β gene rearrangements identical to the original T cell clone. Re-differentiated CD8 single positive αβ T cells from the T-iPS cells exhibited antigen-specific cytotoxicity, improved proliferative response, and elongation of telomere indicating rejuvenation of antigen specific T cell immunity in vitro. To regenerate antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), first, we have optimized a method for reprogramming-resistant CD8 T cell clones into T-iPS cells by using sendaiviral vectors. Second, we have optimized stepwise differentiation methods for inducing hematopoietic progenitor cells, T cell progenitors, and functionally matured CD8 single positive CTL. These protocols provide useful in vitro tools and models both for research of antigen-specific T cell immunotherapy and for research of normal and pathological thymopoiesis.
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31
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The immunogenicity of platelet-derived FVIII in hemophilia A mice with or without preexisting anti-FVIII immunity. Blood 2015; 127:1346-54. [PMID: 26668132 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-662916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that factor VIII (FVIII) ectopically expressed in platelets (2bF8) is therapeutic in FVIII(null) mice even with anti-FVIII inhibitory antibodies (inhibitors). If current efforts to generate platelets in vitro succeed, genetically manipulated platelets containing FVIII may be used therapeutically in hemophilia A patients with inhibitors. One important concern is the immunogenicity of platelet-derived FVIII. To address this concern, we infused 2bF8 transgenic (2bF8(Tg)) platelets into naïve FVIII(null) mice weekly for 8 weeks. No anti-FVIII antibodies were detected in the infused animals during the study course. We then explored whether platelet-derived FVIII is immunogenic in FVIII(null) mice with inhibitors. The 2bF8(Tg) platelets were transfused into rhF8-primed FVIII(null) mice, resulting in no augmentation of anti-FVIII antibodies. To investigate whether preconditioning affects the immune response, animals were sublethally irradiated and subsequently transfused with 2bF8(Tg) platelets. No anti-FVIII antibodies were detected in the recipients after platelet infusions. Following further challenge with rhF8, the inhibitor titer in this group was significantly lower than in naïve FVIII(null) mice utilizing the same immunization protocol. Thus, our data demonstrate that infusion of platelets containing FVIII triggers neither primary nor memory anti-FVIII immune response in FVIII(null) mice and that sublethal irradiation plus 2bF8(Tg) platelet infusion suppresses anti-FVIII immune response in FVIII(null) mice.
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Siripin D, Kheolamai P, U-Pratya Y, Supokawej A, Wattanapanitch M, Klincumhom N, Laowtammathron C, Issaragrisil S. Transdifferentiation of erythroblasts to megakaryocytes using FLI1 and ERG transcription factors. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:593-602. [PMID: 26063314 DOI: 10.1160/th14-12-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Platelet transfusion has been widely used to prevent and treat life-threatening thrombocytopenia; however, preparation of a unit of concentrated platelet for transfusion requires at least 4-6 units of whole blood. At present, a platelet unit from a single donor can be prepared using apheresis, but lack of donors is still a major problem. Several approaches to produce platelets from other sources, such as haematopoietic stem cells and pluripotent stem cells, have been attempted but the system is extremely complicated, time-consuming and expensive. We now report a novel and simpler technology to obtain platelets using transdifferentiation of human bone marrow erythroblasts to megakaryocytes with overexpression of the FLI1 and ERG genes. The obtained transdifferentiated erythroblasts (both from CD71+ and GPA+ erythroblast subpopulations) exhibit typical features of megakaryocytes including morphology, expression of specific genes (cMPL and TUBB1) and a marker protein (CD41). They also have the ability to generate megakaryocytic CFU in culture and produce functional platelets, which aggregate with normal human platelets to form a normal-looking clot. Overexpression of FLI1 and ERG genes is sufficient to transdifferentiate erythroblasts to megakaryocytes that can produce functional platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Surapol Issaragrisil
- Prof. Surapol Issaragrisil, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Tel.: +662 419 4448 50, Fax: +662 411 2012, E-mail:
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Comparative analysis of human ex vivo-generated platelets vs megakaryocyte-generated platelets in mice: a cautionary tale. Blood 2015; 125:3627-36. [PMID: 25852052 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-593053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoiesis is the process by which megakaryocytes release platelets that circulate as uniform small, disc-shaped anucleate cytoplasmic fragments with critical roles in hemostasis and related biology. The exact mechanism of thrombopoiesis and the maturation pathways of platelets released into the circulation remain incompletely understood. We showed that ex vivo-generated murine megakaryocytes infused into mice release platelets within the pulmonary vasculature. Here we now show that infused human megakaryocytes also release platelets within the lungs of recipient mice. In addition, we observed a population of platelet-like particles (PLPs) in the infusate, which include platelets released during ex vivo growth conditions. By comparing these 2 platelet populations to human donor platelets, we found marked differences: platelets derived from infused megakaryocytes closely resembled infused donor platelets in morphology, size, and function. On the other hand, the PLP was a mixture of nonplatelet cellular fragments and nonuniform-sized, preactivated platelets mostly lacking surface CD42b that were rapidly cleared by macrophages. These data raise a cautionary note for the clinical use of human platelets released under standard ex vivo conditions. In contrast, human platelets released by intrapulmonary-entrapped megakaryocytes appear more physiologic in nature and nearly comparable to donor platelets for clinical application.
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34
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Gao Y, Forbes JA, Qayyum R, Becker L, Cheng L, Wang ZZ. Efficient generation of megakaryocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells using food and drug administration-approved pharmacological reagents. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:309-19. [PMID: 25713465 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are rare hematopoietic cells in the adult bone marrow and produce platelets that are critical to vascular hemostasis and wound healing. Ex vivo generation of MKs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provides a renewable cell source of platelets for treating thrombocytopenic patients and allows a better understanding of MK/platelet biology. The key requirements in this approach include developing a robust and consistent method to produce functional progeny cells, such as MKs from hiPSCs, and minimizing the risk and variation from the animal-derived products in cell cultures. In this study, we developed an efficient system to generate MKs from hiPSCs under a feeder-free and xeno-free condition, in which all animal-derived products were eliminated. Several crucial reagents were evaluated and replaced with Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological reagents, including romiplostim (Nplate, a thrombopoietin analog), oprelvekin (recombinant interleukin-11), and Plasbumin (human albumin). We used this method to induce MK generation from hiPSCs derived from 23 individuals in two steps: generation of CD34(+)CD45(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for 14 days; and generation and expansion of CD41(+)CD42a(+) MKs from HPCs for an additional 5 days. After 19 days, we observed abundant CD41(+)CD42a(+) MKs that also expressed the MK markers CD42b and CD61 and displayed polyploidy (≥16% of derived cells with DNA contents >4N). Transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing revealed that megakaryocytic-related genes were highly expressed. Additional maturation and investigation of hiPSC-derived MKs should provide insights into MK biology and lead to the generation of large numbers of platelets ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica A Forbes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rehan Qayyum
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lewis Becker
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zack Z Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Souza GTD, Maranduba CP, Souza CMD, Amaral DLASD, Guia FCD, Zanette RDSS, Rettore JVP, Rabelo NC, Nascimento LM, Pinto &IFN, Farani JB, Neto AEH, Silva FDS, Maranduba CMDC, Atalla A. Advances in cellular technology in the hematology field: What have we learned so far? World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:106-115. [PMID: 25621110 PMCID: PMC4300920 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in the hematology field, blood transfusion-related iatrogenesis is still a major issue to be considered during such procedures due to blood antigenic incompatibility. This places pluripotent stem cells as a possible ally in the production of more suitable blood products. The present review article aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art concerning the differentiation of both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells to hematopoietic cell lines. Here, we review the most recently published protocols to achieve the production of blood cells for future application in hemotherapy, cancer therapy and basic research.
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Tanaka E, Kusumi T, Takahashi H, Hirashima M, Tanaka M, Kimura K, Takahashi J, Matsukura H, Tani Y. Defining and finding the rare donor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Tanaka
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - T. Kusumi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - M. Hirashima
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - M. Tanaka
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - K. Kimura
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - J. Takahashi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - H. Matsukura
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Tani
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
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Pang S, Wu Q, Tian S, Su P, Bai Y, Gao J, Yang Y, Liu X, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Zhou J. Establishment of a highly efficient hematopoietic differentiation model from human embryonic stem cells for functional screening. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 56:1147-9. [PMID: 24302296 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SuLei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
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Bluteau O, Langlois T, Rivera-Munoz P, Favale F, Rameau P, Meurice G, Dessen P, Solary E, Raslova H, Mercher T, Debili N, Vainchenker W. Developmental changes in human megakaryopoiesis. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1730-41. [PMID: 23782903 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular bases of the cellular changes that occur during human megakaryocyte (MK) ontogeny remain unknown, and may be important for understanding the significance of MK differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) METHODS We optimized the differentiation of MKs from hESCs, and compared these with MKs obtained from primary human hematopoietic tissues at different stages of development. RESULTS Transcriptome analyses revealed a close relationship between hESC-derived and fetal liver-derived MKs, and between neonate-derived and adult-derived MKs. Major changes in the expression profiles of cell cycle and transcription factors (TFs), including MYC and LIN28b, and MK-specific regulators indicated that MK maturation progresses during ontogeny towards an increase in MK ploidy and a platelet-forming function. Important genes, including CXCR4, were regulated by an on-off mechanism during development. DISCUSSION Our analysis of the pattern of TF network and signaling pathways was consistent with a growing specialization of MKs towards hemostasis during ontogeny, and support the idea that MKs derived from hESCs reflect primitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bluteau
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, UMR 1009, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Hirata S, Takayama N, Jono-Ohnishi R, Endo H, Nakamura S, Dohda T, Nishi M, Hamazaki Y, Ishii EI, Kaneko S, Otsu M, Nakauchi H, Kunishima S, Eto K. Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia iPS cells exhibit defective MPL-mediated signaling. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3802-14. [PMID: 23908116 DOI: 10.1172/jci64721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is caused by the loss of thrombopoietin receptor-mediated (MPL-mediated) signaling, which causes severe pancytopenia leading to bone marrow failure with onset of thrombocytopenia and anemia prior to leukopenia. Because Mpl(-/-) mice do not exhibit the human disease phenotype, we used an in vitro disease tracing system with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a CAMT patient (CAMT iPSCs) and normal iPSCs to investigate the role of MPL signaling in hematopoiesis. We found that MPL signaling is essential for maintenance of the CD34+ multipotent hematopoietic progenitor (MPP) population and development of the CD41+GPA+ megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor (MEP) population, and its role in the fate decision leading differentiation toward megakaryopoiesis or erythropoiesis differs considerably between normal and CAMT cells. Surprisingly, complimentary transduction of MPL into normal or CAMT iPSCs using a retroviral vector showed that MPL overexpression promoted erythropoiesis in normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), but impaired erythropoiesis and increased aberrant megakaryocyte production in CAMT iPSC-derived CD34+ HPCs, reflecting a difference in the expression of the transcription factor FLI1. These results demonstrate that impaired transcriptional regulation of the MPL signaling that normally governs megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis underlies CAMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hirata
- Clinical Application Department, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Takayama N, Eto K. Pluripotent stem cells reveal the developmental biology of human megakaryocytes and provide a source of platelets for clinical application. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3419-28. [PMID: 22527724 PMCID: PMC3445798 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells [PSCs; including human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)] can infinitely proliferate in vitro and are easily accessible for gene manipulation. Megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets can be created from human ESCs and iPSCs in vitro and represent a potential source of blood cells for transfusion and a promising tool for studying the human thrombopoiesis. Moreover, disease-specific iPSCs are a powerful tool for elucidating the pathogenesis of hematological diseases and for drug screening. In that context, we and other groups have developed in vitro MK and platelet differentiation systems from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Combining this co-culture system with a drug-inducible gene expression system enabled us to clarify the novel role played by c-MYC during human thrombopoiesis. In the next decade, technical advances (e.g., high-throughput genomic sequencing) will likely enable the identification of numerous gene mutations associated with abnormal thrombopoiesis. Combined with such technology, an in vitro system for differentiating human PSCs into MKs and platelets could provide a novel platform for studying human gene function associated with thrombopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Takayama
- Clinical Application Department, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Clinical Application Department, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
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Direct reprogramming of terminally differentiated B cells into erythroid lineage. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3645-52. [PMID: 22968040 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitors have been shown to retain plasticity and switch lineages by appropriate stimuli. However, mature blood cells hardly showed such differentiation plasticity. In this paper, we tried to reprogram mature B cells into erythroid lineage by expressing various hematopoietic transcription factors. Among various factors, GATA-1, SCL together with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α turned out to be a minimal set of factors that efficiently reprogrammed terminally differentiated mature B cells into erythroid lineage, as evidenced by colony forming assays and erythroid-specific gene expressions. This study sets an avenue to generate autologous erythrocytes from peripheral B cells.
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