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Harris EM, Chamseddine S, Chu A, Senkpeil L, Nikiciuk M, Al-Musa A, Woods B, Ozdogan E, Saker S, van Konijnenburg DPH, Yee CS, Nelson R, Lee P, Halyabar O, Hale RC, Day-Lewis M, Henderson LA, Nguyen AA, Elkins M, Ohsumi TK, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Peyper JM, Platt CD, Grace RF, LaBere B, Chou J. Integrating circulating T follicular memory cells and autoantibody repertoires for characterization of autoimmune disorders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.25.24303331. [PMID: 38464255 PMCID: PMC10925364 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.24303331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous and often lack specific or sensitive diagnostic tests. Increased percentages of CD4+CXCR5+PD1+ circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells and skewed distributions of cTfh subtypes have been associated with autoimmunity. However, cTfh cell percentages can normalize with immunomodulatory treatment despite persistent disease activity, indicating the need for identifying additional cellular and/or serologic features correlating with autoimmunity. Methods The cohort included 50 controls and 56 patients with autoimmune cytopenias, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and/or neurologic autoimmune disease. Flow cytometry was used to measure CD4+CXCR5+ T cell subsets expressing the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and/or CCR6: CXCR3+CCR6- Type 1, CXCR3-CCR6- Type 2, CXCR3+CCR6+ Type 1/17, and CXCR3- CCR6+ Type 17 T cells. IgG and IgA autoantibodies were quantified using a microarray featuring 1616 full-length, conformationally intact protein antigens. The 97.5th percentile in the control cohort defined normal limits for T cell subset percentages and total number (burden) of autoantibodies. Results This study focused on CD4+CXCR5+ T cells because CXCR5 upregulation occurs after cognate T-B cell interactions characteristic of autoimmune diseases. We refer to these cells as circulating T follicular memory (cTfm) cells to acknowledge the dynamic nature of antigen-experienced CXCR5+ T cells, which encompass progenitors of cTfh or Tfh cells as well as early effector memory T cells that have not yet lost CXCR5. Compared to controls, 57.1% of patients had increased CXCR5+CXCR3+CCR6+ cTfm1/17 and 25% had increased CXCR5+CXCR3-CCR6+ cTfm17 cell percentages. Patients had significantly more diverse IgG and IgA autoantibodies than controls and 44.6% had an increased burden of autoantibodies of either isotype. Unsupervised autoantibody clustering identified three clusters of patients with IgG autoantibody profiles distinct from those of controls, enriched for patients with active autoimmunity and monogenic diseases. An increased percentage of cTfm17 cells was most closely associated with an increased burden of high-titer IgG and IgA autoantibodies. A composite measure integrating increased cTfm1/17, cTfm17, and high-titer IgG and/or IgA autoantibodies had 91.1% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity for identifying patients with autoimmunity. Percentages of cTfm1/17 and cTfm17 percentages and numbers of high-titer autoantibodies in patients receiving immunomodulatory treatment did not differ from those in untreated patients, thus suggesting that measurements of cTfm can complement measurements of other cellular markers affected by treatment. Conclusions This study highlights two new approaches for assessing autoimmunity: measuring CD4+CXCR5+ cTfm subsets as well as total burden of autoantibodies. Our findings suggest that these approaches are particularly relevant to patients with rare autoimmune disorders for whom target antigens and prognosis are often unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Harris
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Chamseddine
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Chu
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Leetah Senkpeil
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Nikiciuk
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Amer Al-Musa
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Woods
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sarife Saker
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Christina S.K. Yee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Nelson
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pui Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olha Halyabar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Hale
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Day-Lewis
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren A. Henderson
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan A. Nguyen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Elkins
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Craig D. Platt
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachael F. Grace
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenna LaBere
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Current affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Mesleh A, Ehtewish H, Lennard K, Abdesselem HB, Al-Shaban F, Decock J, Alajez NM, Arredouani A, Emara MM, Albagha O, Stanton LW, Abdulla SA, Blackburnand JM, El-Agnaf OMA. High-throughput autoantibody screening identifies differentially abundant autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1222506. [PMID: 37908488 PMCID: PMC10613655 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1222506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by defects in two core domains, social/communication skills and restricted/repetitive behaviors or interests. There is no approved biomarker for ASD diagnosis, and the current diagnostic method is based on clinical manifestation, which tends to vary vastly between the affected individuals due to the heterogeneous nature of ASD. There is emerging evidence that supports the implication of the immune system in ASD, specifically autoimmunity; however, the role of autoantibodies in ASD children is not yet fully understood. Materials and methods In this study, we screened serum samples from 93 cases with ASD and 28 healthy controls utilizing high-throughput KoRectly Expressed (KREX) i-Ome protein-array technology. Our goal was to identify autoantibodies with differential expressions in ASD and to gain insights into the biological significance of these autoantibodies in the context of ASD pathogenesis. Result Our autoantibody expression analysis identified 29 differential autoantibodies in ASD, 4 of which were upregulated and 25 downregulated. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) and network analysis showed that the proteins of these autoantibodies are expressed in the brain and involved in axonal guidance, chromatin binding, and multiple metabolic pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that these autoantibodies negatively correlate with the age of ASD subjects. Conclusion This study explored autoantibody reactivity against self-antigens in ASD individuals' serum using a high-throughput assay. The identified autoantibodies were reactive against proteins involved in axonal guidance, synaptic function, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and chromatin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Mesleh
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Ehtewish
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Katie Lennard
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Houari B. Abdesselem
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fouad Al-Shaban
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M. Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M. Emara
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lawrence W. Stanton
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara A. Abdulla
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburnand
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Omar M. A. El-Agnaf
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Schmidt F, Abdesselem HB, Suhre K, Vaikath NN, Sohail MU, Al-Nesf M, Bensmail I, Mashod F, Sarwath H, Bernhardt J, Schaefer-Ramadan S, Tan TM, Morris PE, Schenck EJ, Price D, Mohamed-Ali V, Al-Maadheed M, Arredouani A, Decock J, Blackburn JM, Choi AMK, El-Agnaf OM. Auto-immunoproteomics analysis of COVID-19 ICU patients revealed increased levels of autoantibodies related to the male reproductive system. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1203723. [PMID: 37520825 PMCID: PMC10374950 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1203723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) manifests many clinical symptoms, including an exacerbated immune response and cytokine storm. Autoantibodies in COVID-19 may have severe prodromal effects that are poorly understood. The interaction between these autoantibodies and self-antigens can result in systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. However, the role of autoantibodies in COVID-19 complications has yet to be fully understood. Methods: The current investigation screened two independent cohorts of 97 COVID-19 patients [discovery (Disc) cohort from Qatar (case = 49 vs. control = 48) and replication (Rep) cohort from New York (case = 48 vs. control = 28)] utilizing high-throughput KoRectly Expressed (KREX) Immunome protein-array technology. Total IgG autoantibody responses were evaluated against 1,318 correctly folded and full-length human proteins. Samples were randomly applied on the precoated microarray slides for 2 h. Cy3-labeled secondary antibodies were used to detect IgG autoantibody response. Slides were scanned at a fixed gain setting using the Agilent fluorescence microarray scanner, generating a 16-bit TIFF file. Group comparisons were performed using a linear model and Fisher's exact test. Differentially expressed proteins were used for KEGG and WIKIpathway annotation to determine pathways in which the proteins of interest were significantly over-represented. Results and conclusion: Autoantibody responses to 57 proteins were significantly altered in the COVID-19 Disc cohort compared to healthy controls (p ≤ 0.05). The Rep cohort had altered autoantibody responses against 26 proteins compared to non-COVID-19 ICU patients who served as controls. Both cohorts showed substantial similarities (r 2 = 0.73) and exhibited higher autoantibody responses to numerous transcription factors, immunomodulatory proteins, and human disease markers. Analysis of the combined cohorts revealed elevated autoantibody responses against SPANXN4, STK25, ATF4, PRKD2, and CHMP3 proteins in COVID-19 patients. The sequences for SPANXN4 and STK25 were cross-validated using sequence alignment tools. ELISA and Western blot further verified the autoantigen-autoantibody response of SPANXN4. SPANXN4 is essential for spermiogenesis and male fertility, which may predict a potential role for this protein in COVID-19-associated male reproductive tract complications, and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schmidt
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Houari B. Abdesselem
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, QBRI, HBKU, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nishant N. Vaikath
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, QBRI, HBKU, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Maryam Al-Nesf
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Center of Metabolism and Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilham Bensmail
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Fathima Mashod
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hina Sarwath
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Bernhardt
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ti-Myen Tan
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Sengenics Corporation, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Priscilla E. Morris
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Sengenics Corporation, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward J. Schenck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Price
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vidya Mohamed-Ali
- Center of Metabolism and Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Al-Maadheed
- Center of Metabolism and Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Sengenics Corporation, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Augustine M. K. Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital—Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Omar M. El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, QBRI, HBKU, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Cunningham KY, Hur B, Gupta VK, Arment CA, Wright KA, Mason TG, Peterson LS, Bekele DI, Schaffer DE, Bailey ML, Delger KE, Crowson CS, Myasoedova E, Zeng H, Rodriguez M, Weyand CM, Davis JM, Sung J. Patients with ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis show different serological autoantibody repertoires and autoantibody associations with disease activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5360. [PMID: 37005480 PMCID: PMC10066987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can test either positive or negative for circulating anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and are thereby categorized as ACPA-positive (ACPA+) or ACPA-negative (ACPA-), respectively. In this study, we aimed to elucidate a broader range of serological autoantibodies that could further explain immunological differences between patients with ACPA+ RA and ACPA- RA. On serum collected from adult patients with ACPA+ RA (n = 32), ACPA- RA (n = 30), and matched healthy controls (n = 30), we used a highly multiplex autoantibody profiling assay to screen for over 1600 IgG autoantibodies that target full-length, correctly folded, native human proteins. We identified differences in serum autoantibodies between patients with ACPA+ RA and ACPA- RA compared with healthy controls. Specifically, we found 22 and 19 autoantibodies with significantly higher abundances in ACPA+ RA patients and ACPA- RA patients, respectively. Among these two sets of autoantibodies, only one autoantibody (anti-GTF2A2) was common in both comparisons; this provides further evidence of immunological differences between these two RA subgroups despite sharing similar symptoms. On the other hand, we identified 30 and 25 autoantibodies with lower abundances in ACPA+ RA and ACPA- RA, respectively, of which 8 autoantibodies were common in both comparisons; we report for the first time that the depletion of certain autoantibodies may be linked to this autoimmune disease. Functional enrichment analysis of the protein antigens targeted by these autoantibodies showed an over-representation of a range of essential biological processes, including programmed cell death, metabolism, and signal transduction. Lastly, we found that autoantibodies correlate with Clinical Disease Activity Index, but associate differently depending on patients' ACPA status. In all, we present candidate autoantibody biomarker signatures associated with ACPA status and disease activity in RA, providing a promising avenue for patient stratification and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Cunningham
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Hur
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Vinod K Gupta
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Courtney A Arment
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kerry A Wright
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Thomas G Mason
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lynne S Peterson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Delamo I Bekele
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Daniel E Schaffer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Marissa L Bailey
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kara E Delger
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Elena Myasoedova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hu Zeng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jaeyun Sung
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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5
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Epitope Coverage of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgA and IgG Antibodies Correlates with Protection against Re-Infection by New Variants in Subsequent Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020584. [PMID: 36851798 PMCID: PMC9967965 DOI: 10.3390/v15020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect individuals across the globe, with some individuals experiencing more severe disease than others. The relatively high frequency of re-infections and breakthrough infections observed with SARS-CoV-2 highlights the importance of extending our understanding of immunity to COVID-19. Here, we aim to shed light on the importance of antibody titres and epitope utilization in protection from re-infection. Health care workers are highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and are therefore also more likely to become re-infected. We utilized quantitative, multi-antigen, multi-epitope SARS-CoV-2 protein microarrays to measure IgG and IgA titres against various domains of the nucleocapsid and spike proteins. Potential re-infections in a large, diverse health care worker cohort (N = 300) during the second wave of the pandemic were identified by assessing the IgG anti-N titres before and after the second wave. We assessed epitope coverage and antibody titres between the 'single infection' and 're-infection' groups. Clear differences were observed in the breadth of the anti-N response before the second wave, with the epitope coverage for both IgG (p = 0.019) and IgA (p = 0.015) being significantly increased in those who did not become re-infected compared to those who did. Additionally, the IgG anti-N (p = 0.004) and anti-S titres (p = 0.018) were significantly higher in those not re-infected. These results highlight the importance of the breadth of elicited antibody epitope coverage following natural infection in protection from re-infection and disease in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Gededzha MP, Mampeule N, Jugwanth S, Zwane N, David A, Burgers WA, Blackburn JM, Grove JS, George JA, Sanne I, Scott L, Stevens W, Mayne ES. Performance of the EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA Assay for detection of IgA and IgG antibodies in South Africa. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252317. [PMID: 34161348 PMCID: PMC8221517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causative agent for causing the clinical syndrome of COVID -19. Accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection is not only important for management of infected individuals but also to break the chain of transmission. South Africa is the current epicenter of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa. To optimize the diagnostic algorithm for SARS-CoV-2 in the South African setting, the study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays. This study reported the performance of EUROIMMUN enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for semi-quantitative detection of IgA and IgG antibodies in serum and plasma samples targeting the recombinant S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as antigen. Samples were collected from 391 individuals who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 139 SARS CoV-2 negative controls. Samples were stratified by number of days’ post-PCR diagnosis and symptoms. The sensitivity of EUROIMMUN IgG was 64.1% (95% CI: 59.1–69.0%) and 74.3% (95% CI: 69.6–78.6%) for IgA and the specificity was lower for IgA [84.2% (95% CI: 77–89.2%)] than IgG [95.2% (95% CI: 90.8–98.4%)]. The EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA Assay sensitivity was higher for IgA but low for IgG and improved for both assays in symptomatic individuals and at later timepoints post PCR diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maemu P Gededzha
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nakampe Mampeule
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarika Jugwanth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nontobeko Zwane
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anura David
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Divisions of Chemical and System Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jurette S Grove
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jaya A George
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ian Sanne
- Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lesley Scott
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wendy Stevens
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth S Mayne
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Smith M, Abdesselem HB, Mullins M, Tan TM, Nel AJM, Al-Nesf MAY, Bensmail I, Majbour NK, Vaikath NN, Naik A, Ouararhni K, Mohamed-Ali V, Al-Maadheed M, Schell DT, Baros-Steyl SS, Anuar ND, Ismail NH, Morris PE, Mamat RNR, Rosli NSM, Anwar A, Ellan K, Zain RM, Burgers WA, Mayne ES, El-Agnaf OMA, Blackburn JM. Age, Disease Severity and Ethnicity Influence Humoral Responses in a Multi-Ethnic COVID-19 Cohort. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050786. [PMID: 33925055 PMCID: PMC8146997 DOI: 10.3390/v13050786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all individuals across the globe in some way. Despite large numbers of reported seroprevalence studies, there remains a limited understanding of how the magnitude and epitope utilization of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 viral anti-gens varies within populations following natural infection. Here, we designed a quantitative, multi-epitope protein microarray comprising various nucleocapsid protein structural motifs, including two structural domains and three intrinsically disordered regions. Quantitative data from the microarray provided complete differentiation between cases and pre-pandemic controls (100% sensitivity and specificity) in a case-control cohort (n = 100). We then assessed the influence of disease severity, age, and ethnicity on the strength and breadth of the humoral response in a multi-ethnic cohort (n = 138). As expected, patients with severe disease showed significantly higher antibody titers and interestingly also had significantly broader epitope coverage. A significant increase in antibody titer and epitope coverage was observed with increasing age, in both mild and severe disease, which is promising for vaccine efficacy in older individuals. Additionally, we observed significant differences in the breadth and strength of the humoral immune response in relation to ethnicity, which may reflect differences in genetic and lifestyle factors. Furthermore, our data enabled localization of the immuno-dominant epitope to the C-terminal structural domain of the viral nucleocapsid protein in two independent cohorts. Overall, we have designed, validated, and tested an advanced serological assay that enables accurate quantitation of the humoral response post natural infection and that has revealed unexpected differences in the magnitude and epitope utilization within a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneerah Smith
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.J.M.N.); (D.T.S.); (S.S.B.-S.)
| | - Houari B. Abdesselem
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (H.B.A.); (I.B.); (N.K.M.); (N.N.V.); (A.N.); (K.O.)
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Michelle Mullins
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.J.M.N.); (D.T.S.); (S.S.B.-S.)
| | - Ti-Myen Tan
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia; (T.-M.T.); (N.D.A.); (N.H.I.); (P.E.M.); (R.N.R.M.); (N.S.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrew J. M. Nel
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.J.M.N.); (D.T.S.); (S.S.B.-S.)
| | | | - Ilham Bensmail
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (H.B.A.); (I.B.); (N.K.M.); (N.N.V.); (A.N.); (K.O.)
| | - Nour K. Majbour
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (H.B.A.); (I.B.); (N.K.M.); (N.N.V.); (A.N.); (K.O.)
| | - Nishant N. Vaikath
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (H.B.A.); (I.B.); (N.K.M.); (N.N.V.); (A.N.); (K.O.)
| | - Adviti Naik
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (H.B.A.); (I.B.); (N.K.M.); (N.N.V.); (A.N.); (K.O.)
| | - Khalid Ouararhni
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (H.B.A.); (I.B.); (N.K.M.); (N.N.V.); (A.N.); (K.O.)
| | - Vidya Mohamed-Ali
- Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Sports City Road, Aspire Zone, Doha P.O. Box 27775, Qatar; (V.M.-A.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Mohammed Al-Maadheed
- Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Sports City Road, Aspire Zone, Doha P.O. Box 27775, Qatar; (V.M.-A.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Darien T. Schell
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.J.M.N.); (D.T.S.); (S.S.B.-S.)
| | - Seanantha S. Baros-Steyl
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.J.M.N.); (D.T.S.); (S.S.B.-S.)
| | - Nur D. Anuar
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia; (T.-M.T.); (N.D.A.); (N.H.I.); (P.E.M.); (R.N.R.M.); (N.S.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Nur H. Ismail
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia; (T.-M.T.); (N.D.A.); (N.H.I.); (P.E.M.); (R.N.R.M.); (N.S.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Priscilla E. Morris
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia; (T.-M.T.); (N.D.A.); (N.H.I.); (P.E.M.); (R.N.R.M.); (N.S.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Raja N. R. Mamat
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia; (T.-M.T.); (N.D.A.); (N.H.I.); (P.E.M.); (R.N.R.M.); (N.S.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Nurul S. M. Rosli
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia; (T.-M.T.); (N.D.A.); (N.H.I.); (P.E.M.); (R.N.R.M.); (N.S.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Arif Anwar
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia; (T.-M.T.); (N.D.A.); (N.H.I.); (P.E.M.); (R.N.R.M.); (N.S.M.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Kavithambigai Ellan
- Virology Lab, Level 2, Block C7, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Setia Alam, Selangor 40170, Malaysia; (K.E.); (R.M.Z.)
| | - Rozainanee M. Zain
- Virology Lab, Level 2, Block C7, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Setia Alam, Selangor 40170, Malaysia; (K.E.); (R.M.Z.)
| | - Wendy A. Burgers
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth S. Mayne
- Department of Immunology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and University of the Witwatersrand, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa;
| | - Omar M. A. El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (H.B.A.); (I.B.); (N.K.M.); (N.N.V.); (A.N.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence: (O.M.A.E.-A.); (J.M.B.); Tel.: +97-455-935-568 (O.M.A.E.-A.); +27-214-066-071 (J.M.B.)
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.J.M.N.); (D.T.S.); (S.S.B.-S.)
- Sengenics Corporation, Level M, Plaza Zurich, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia; (T.-M.T.); (N.D.A.); (N.H.I.); (P.E.M.); (R.N.R.M.); (N.S.M.R.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Correspondence: (O.M.A.E.-A.); (J.M.B.); Tel.: +97-455-935-568 (O.M.A.E.-A.); +27-214-066-071 (J.M.B.)
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-content protein microarrays in principle enable the functional interrogation of the human proteome in a broad range of applications, including biomarker discovery, profiling of immune responses, identification of enzyme substrates, and quantifying protein-small molecule, protein-protein and protein-DNA/RNA interactions. As with other microarrays, the underlying proteomic platforms are under active technological development and a range of different protein microarrays are now commercially available. However, deciphering the differences between these platforms to identify the most suitable protein microarray for the specific research question is not always straightforward. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the technological basis, applications and limitations of some of the most commonly used full-length, recombinant protein and protein fragment microarray platforms, including ProtoArray Human Protein Microarrays, HuProt Human Proteome Microarrays, Human Protein Atlas Protein Fragment Arrays, Nucleic Acid Programmable Arrays and Immunome Protein Arrays. Expert commentary: The choice of appropriate protein microarray platform depends on the specific biological application in hand, with both more focused, lower density and higher density arrays having distinct advantages. Full-length protein arrays offer advantages in biomarker discovery profiling applications, although care is required in ensuring that the protein production and array fabrication methodology is compatible with the required downstream functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Duarte
- a Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute/School of Cancer Medicine , La Trobe University , Heidelberg , Australia
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- b Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Cape Town , Observatory, South Africa
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9
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Seo JS, Poulter CD. Sandwich antibody arrays using recombinant antibody-binding protein L. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:6629-6635. [PMID: 24841983 PMCID: PMC4059220 DOI: 10.1021/la500822w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibody arrays are a useful for detecting antigens and other antibodies. This technique typically requires a uniform and well-defined orientation of antibodies attached to a surface for optimal performance. A uniform orientation can be achieved by modification of antibodies to include a single site for attachment. Thus, uniformly oriented antibody arrays require a bioengineered modification for the antibodies directly immobilization on the solid surface. In this study, we describe a "sandwich-type" antibody array where unmodified antibodies are oriented through binding with regioselectively immobilized recombinant antibody-binding protein L. Recombinant proL-CVIA bearing C-terminal CVIA motif is post-translationally modified with an alkyne group by protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase) at the cysteine residue in the CVIA sequence to give proL-CVIApf, which is covalently attached to an azido-modified glass slide by a Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Slides bearing antibodies bound to slides coated with regioselectively immobilized proL-CVIApf gave stronger fluorescence outputs and those where the antibody-binding protein was immobilized in random orientations on an epoxy-modified slide. Properly selected capture and detection antibodies did not cross-react with immobilized proL-CVIApf in sandwich arrays, and the proL-CVIApf slides can be used for multiple cycles of detected over a period of several months.
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10
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Beeton-Kempen N, Duarte J, Shoko A, Serufuri JM, John T, Cebon J, Blackburn J. Development of a novel, quantitative protein microarray platform for the multiplexed serological analysis of autoantibodies to cancer-testis antigens. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1842-51. [PMID: 24604332 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cancer-testis antigens are a group of unrelated proteins aberrantly expressed in various cancers in adult somatic tissues. This aberrant expression can trigger spontaneous immune responses, a phenomenon exploited for the development of disease markers and therapeutic vaccines. However, expression levels often vary amongst patients presenting the same cancer type, and these antigens are therefore unlikely to be individually viable as diagnostic or prognostic markers. Nevertheless, patterns of antigen expression may provide correlates of specific cancer types and disease progression. Herein, we describe the development of a novel, readily customizable cancer-testis antigen microarray platform together with robust bioinformatics tools, with which to quantify anti-cancer testis antigen autoantibody profiles in patient sera. By exploiting the high affinity between autoantibodies and tumor antigens, we achieved linearity of response and an autoantibody quantitation limit in the pg/mL range-equating to a million-fold serum dilution. By using oriented attachment of folded, recombinant antigens and a polyethylene glycol microarray surface coating, we attained minimal non-specific antibody binding. Unlike other proteomics methods, which typically use lower affinity interactions between monoclonal antibodies and tumor antigens for detection, the high sensitivity and specificity realized using our autoantibody-based approach may facilitate the development of better cancer biomarkers, as well as potentially enabling pre-symptomatic diagnosis. We illustrated the usage of our platform by monitoring the response of a melanoma patient cohort to an experimental therapeutic NY-ESO-1-based cancer vaccine; inter alia, we found evidence of determinant spreading in individual patients, as well as differential CT antigen expression and epitope usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Beeton-Kempen
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine/Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Biosciences Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
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Chandrasekhar S, Iyer LK, Panchal JP, Topp EM, Cannon JB, Ranade VV. Microarrays and microneedle arrays for delivery of peptides, proteins, vaccines and other applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1155-70. [PMID: 23662940 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.797405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peptide and protein microarray and microneedle array technology provides direct information on protein function and potential drug targets in drug discovery and delivery. Because of this unique ability, these arrays are well suited for protein profiling, drug target identification/validation and studies of protein interaction, biochemical activity, immune responses, clinical prognosis and diagnosis and for gene, protein and drug delivery. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to describe and summarize past and recent developments of microarrays in their construction, characterization and production and applications of microneedles in drug delivery. The scope and limitations of various technologies in this respect are discussed. EXPERT OPINION This article offers a review of microarray/microneedle technologies and possible future directions in targeting and in the delivery of pharmacologically active compounds for unmet needs in biopharmaceutical research. A better understanding of the production and use of microarrays and microneedles for delivery of peptides, proteins and vaccines is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradha Chandrasekhar
- Purdue University, Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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