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Westhoff M, Del Villar SG, Voelker TL, Thai PN, Spooner HC, Costa AD, Sirish P, Chiamvimonvat N, Dickson EJ, Dixon RE. BIN1 knockdown rescues systolic dysfunction in aging male mouse hearts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3528. [PMID: 38664444 PMCID: PMC11045846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is a hallmark of aging in humans and mice. Here we report that a two-week treatment to restore youthful Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) levels in the hearts of 24-month-old mice rejuvenates cardiac function and substantially reverses the aging phenotype. Our data indicate that age-associated overexpression of BIN1 occurs alongside dysregulated endosomal recycling and disrupted trafficking of cardiac CaV1.2 and type 2 ryanodine receptors. These deficiencies affect channel function at rest and their upregulation during acute stress. In vivo echocardiography reveals reduced systolic function in old mice. BIN1 knockdown using an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 packaged shRNA-mBIN1 restores the nanoscale distribution and clustering plasticity of ryanodine receptors and recovers Ca2+ transient amplitudes and cardiac systolic function toward youthful levels. Enhanced systolic function correlates with increased phosphorylation of the myofilament protein cardiac myosin binding protein-C. These results reveal BIN1 knockdown as a novel therapeutic strategy to rejuvenate the aging myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Westhoff
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Silvia G Del Villar
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Taylor L Voelker
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Phung N Thai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Heather C Spooner
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre D Costa
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Padmini Sirish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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2
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Notarte KI, Catahay JA, Macasaet R, Liu J, Velasco JV, Peligro PJ, Vallo J, Goldrich N, Lahoti L, Zhou J, Henry BM. Infusion reactions to adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy: Mechanisms, diagnostics, treatment and review of the literature. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29305. [PMID: 38116715 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in gene therapy has demonstrated great potential in treating genetic disorders. However, infusion-associated reactions (IARs) pose a significant challenge to the safety and efficacy of AAV-based gene therapy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of IARs to AAV therapy, including their underlying mechanisms, clinical presentation, and treatment options. Toll-like receptor activation and subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with IARs, stimulating neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) and T-cell responses that interfere with gene therapy. Risk factors for IARs include high titers of pre-existing Nabs, previous exposure to AAV, and specific comorbidities. Clinical presentation ranges from mild flu-like symptoms to severe anaphylaxis and can occur during or after AAV administration. There are no established guidelines for pre- and postadministration tests for AAV therapies, and routine laboratory requests are not standardized. Treatment options include corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, and supportive medications such as antihistamines and acetaminophen, but there is no consensus on the route of administration, dosage, and duration. This review highlights the inadequacy of current treatment regimens for IARs and the need for further research to improve the safety and efficacy of AAV-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Israel Notarte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesus Alfonso Catahay
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raymart Macasaet
- Department of Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Jolaine Vallo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Lokesh Lahoti
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jiayan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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3
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Mueller JS, Tescarollo FC, Sun H. DREADDs in Epilepsy Research: Network-Based Review. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:863003. [PMID: 35465094 PMCID: PMC9021489 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.863003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy can be interpreted as altered brain rhythms from overexcitation or insufficient inhibition. Chemogenetic tools have revolutionized neuroscience research because they allow “on demand” excitation or inhibition of neurons with high cellular specificity. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) are the most frequently used chemogenetic techniques in epilepsy research. These engineered muscarinic receptors allow researchers to excite or inhibit targeted neurons with exogenous ligands. As a result, DREADDs have been applied to investigate the underlying cellular and network mechanisms of epilepsy. Here, we review the existing literature that has applied DREADDs to understand the pathophysiology of epilepsy. The aim of this review is to provide a general introduction to DREADDs with a focus on summarizing the current main findings in experimental epilepsy research using these techniques. Furthermore, we explore how DREADDs may be applied therapeutically as highly innovative treatments for epilepsy.
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4
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Colon-Cortes Y, Hasan MA, Aslanidi G. Intra-tracheal delivery of AAV6 vectors results in sustained transduction in murine lungs without genomic integration. Gene 2021; 763S:100037. [PMID: 32904225 PMCID: PMC7452375 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the progress made in AAV-based gene therapy targeting different organ systems, lung-targeted gene therapy using AAV vectors has not been effective, mostly due to the poor transduction and un-sustained gene expression in airway epithelium. Furthermore, concerns over possible harmful insertional mutagenesis seen in other cell types, particularly hepatocytes, raised a question about AAV safety. In this study, we evaluate the long-term persistence of this vector in mouse lungs and any possible harmful integration of these vectors into the host genome. AAV6 vectors expressing reporter gene (firefly luciferase) were delivered to the lungs of C57BL/6 mice through intra-tracheal intubation. Despite the large variation among individual animals, most animals had high and sustained luciferase activity with a peak from 2 to 3 weeks post-transduction before a significant decline between 15 and 19 weeks post-transduction. More importantly, even after its decline, most animals maintained detectable luciferase expression for 150 days or more, which was confirmed by post-necropsy qPCR analysis of luciferase gene expression. At the termination point of experiments, an average of one copy of AAV expression cassette per mouse genome was detected. We also found that partial overlaps between the AAV6 expression cassette and the mouse genome were distributed broadly with no apparent systematic preference in any mouse chromosomal map location. In summary, our data suggest that AAV6 mediated long-term gene expression in the lungs with no evidence of genomic integration, and thus, any insertional mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George Aslanidi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, United States of America.
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5
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Tissue and cell-type-specific transduction using rAAV vectors in lung diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1057-1071. [PMID: 34021360 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy of genetically determined diseases, including some pathologies of the respiratory system, requires an efficient method for transgene delivery. Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors are well studied and employed in gene therapy, as they are relatively simple and low immunogenic and able to efficiently transduce eukaryotic cells. To date, many natural and artificial (with modified capsids) AAV serotypes have been isolated, demonstrating preferential tropism toward different tissues and cells in accordance with the prevalent receptors on the cell surface. However, rAAV-mediated delivery is not strictly specific due to wide tropism of some viral serotypes. Thus, the development of the methods allowing modulating specificity of these vectors could be beneficial in some cases. This review describes various approaches for retargeting rAAV to respiratory cells, for example, using different types of capsid modifications and regulation of a transgene expression by tissue-specific promoters. Part of the review is devoted to the issues of transduction of stem and progenitor lung cells using AAV, which is a complicated task today.
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6
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Qian R, Xiao B, Li J, Xiao X. Directed Evolution of AAV Serotype 5 for Increased Hepatocyte Transduction and Retained Low Humoral Seroreactivity. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 20:122-132. [PMID: 33426144 PMCID: PMC7773954 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids utilized in liver gene therapy have significant levels of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies in the human population. These neutralizing factors limit the patient pools eligible for receiving AAV-mediated therapies. AAV serotype 5 (AAV5) does not face the same barrier of humoral immunity as most AAV serotypes due to its low seroprevalence. However, AAV5 can only facilitate a low level of transgene expression in the liver, constraining its application to a small number of liver diseases. To improve the liver transduction of AAV5 while retaining its low seroprevalence, we constructed a library of AAV5 mutants via random mutagenesis and screened in Huh7 cells. Two molecularly evolved AAV5 variants, MV50 and MV53, demonstrated significantly increased transduction efficiency in Huh7 cells (∼12×) and primary human hepatocytes (∼10×). All variants had retained low seroreactivity toward pooled human immunoglobulin G (IgG) when compared to AAV5, which was significantly less seroreactive than AAV9. Functional characterization of the mutants also revealed insights into the functions of various domains, especially the VR-I, in the AAV5 capsid. The result is AAV5 variant capsids with much enhanced human hepatocyte transduction, potentially useful for liver-directed gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph Qian
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Bin Xiao
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Juan Li
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
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7
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Krotova K, Aslanidi G. Modifiers of Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Expression in Implication for Serotype-Universal Neutralizing Antibody Assay. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:1124-1131. [PMID: 32495655 PMCID: PMC7588322 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy is undergoing major expansion into clinical practice, with two treatments currently being granted Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. However, the presence of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (NAB) is one of the significant hurdles for the clinical application of AAV vectors that significantly limits the patient population, which benefits from the treatment. A reliable diagnostic to evaluate the patient's seropositivity is required to ensure the effectiveness of the AAV-mediated therapeutic. Here, we describe a simple method for the determination of AAV NAB activity based on our finding that Compound C makes HEK293 cell highly permissive for infection by 10 commonly used AAV serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Krotova
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - George Aslanidi
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
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8
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Song H, Park KH. Regulation and function of SOX9 during cartilage development and regeneration. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:12-23. [PMID: 32380234 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is a highly coordinated event in embryo development, adult homeostasis, and repair of the vertebrate cartilage. Fate decisions and differentiation of chondrocytes accompany differential expression of genes critical for each step of chondrogenesis. SOX9 is a master transcription factor that participates in sequential events in chondrogenesis by regulating a series of downstream factors in a stage-specific manner. SOX9 either works alone or in combination with downstream SOX transcription factors, SOX5 and SOX6 as chondrogenic SOX Trio. SOX9 is reduced in the articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis while highly maintained during tumorigenesis of cartilage and bone. Gene therapy using viral and non-viral vectors accompanied by tissue engineering (scaffolds) is a promising tool to regenerate impaired cartilage. Delivery of SOX9 or chondrogenic SOX Trio into cells produces efficient therapeutic effects on chondrogenesis and this event is facilitated by scaffolds. Non-viral vector-guided delivery systems encapsulated or loaded in mechanically stable solid scaffolds are useful for the regeneration of articular cartilage. Here we review major milestones and most recent studies focusing on regulation and function of chondrogenic SOX Trio, during chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration, and on the development of advanced technologies in gene delivery with tissue engineering to improve efficiency of cartilage repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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9
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TPP Combined with DGUC as an Economic and Universal Process for Large-Scale Purification of AAV Vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 17:34-48. [PMID: 31890739 PMCID: PMC6926265 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have been commonly purified through density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGUC) or column chromatography methods. Although the DGUC method can efficiently separate the empty from the full virus particles, its application in large-scale AAV purification is hindered due to its limitation in volume of each centrifuge tube. Alternatively, column chromatography is serotype-dependent, expensive, and complicated, which co-purifies both empty and full virus particles. In this study, we describe an economical and universal process using three-phase partitioning (TPP) combined with DGUC to purify large quantities of AAV vectors. First, TPP is used to remove up to 90% of the cellular impurities in the cell lysate and at the same time condense the AAV vectors into ∼10% of their original lysate volume. Second, two rounds of DGUC are employed to separate the empty from the full virus particles and at the same time remove the remaining cellular impurities. This combined process increases the capacity of ultracentrifugation by a factor of 5- to 10-fold depending on the yields of AAV serotypes. A variety of AAV serotypes such as AAV2, AAV5, AAV6, AAV9, and AAVDJ have been successfully purified with this process. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that TPP has no detrimental impact on AAV infectivity. In a proof of concept, we performed several purification runs ranging from 3 to 25 L of Sf9 culture volume. We were able to purify more than 3e+15 viral genomes (vg) of AAV vectors from 3 L of cell culture volume with just two SW28 centrifuge tubes in a Beckman Coulter ultracentrifuge. Our data indicate that this TPP-DGUC process is economic, universal, and can be used to purify a large quantity of AAV vectors for clinical applications with just a few ultracentrifuges.
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10
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Adeno-associated virus as a gene therapy vector: strategies to neutralize the neutralizing antibodies. Clin Exp Med 2019; 19:289-298. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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O'Shea DJ, Kalanithi P, Ferenczi EA, Hsueh B, Chandrasekaran C, Goo W, Diester I, Ramakrishnan C, Kaufman MT, Ryu SI, Yeom KW, Deisseroth K, Shenoy KV. Development of an optogenetic toolkit for neural circuit dissection in squirrel monkeys. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6775. [PMID: 29712920 PMCID: PMC5928036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic tools have opened a rich experimental landscape for understanding neural function and disease. Here, we present the first validation of eight optogenetic constructs driven by recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and a WGA-Cre based dual injection strategy for projection targeting in a widely-used New World primate model, the common squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus. We observed opsin expression around the local injection site and in axonal projections to downstream regions, as well as transduction to thalamic neurons, resembling expression patterns observed in macaques. Optical stimulation drove strong, reliable excitatory responses in local neural populations for two depolarizing opsins in anesthetized monkeys. Finally, we observed continued, healthy opsin expression for at least one year. These data suggest that optogenetic tools can be readily applied in squirrel monkeys, an important first step in enabling precise, targeted manipulation of neural circuits in these highly trainable, cognitively sophisticated animals. In conjunction with similar approaches in macaques and marmosets, optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits in squirrel monkeys will provide functional, comparative insights into neural circuits which subserve dextrous motor control as well as other adaptive behaviors across the primate lineage. Additionally, development of these tools in squirrel monkeys, a well-established model system for several human neurological diseases, can aid in identifying novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J O'Shea
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Paul Kalanithi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Werapong Goo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ilka Diester
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Otophysiologie, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Matthew T Kaufman
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Stephen I Ryu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kristen W Yeom
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Krishna V Shenoy
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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12
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Junge N, Yuan Q, Vu TH, Krooss S, Bednarski C, Balakrishnan A, Cathomen T, Manns MP, Baumann U, Sharma AD, Ott M. Homologous recombination mediates stable Fah gene integration and phenotypic correction in tyrosinaemia mouse-model. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:277-286. [PMID: 29527263 PMCID: PMC5838446 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i2.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To stably correct tyrosinaemia in proliferating livers of fumarylacetoacetate-hydrolase knockout (Fah-/-) mice by homologous-recombination-mediated targeted addition of the Fah gene.
METHODS C57BL/6 Fah∆exon5 mice served as an animal model for human tyrosinaemia type 1 in our study. The vector was created by amplifying human Fah cDNA including the TTR promoter from a lentivirus plasmid as described. The Fah expression cassette was flanked by homologous arms (620 bp and 749 bp long) of the Rosa26 gene locus. Mice were injected with 2.1 × 108 VP of this vector (rAAV8-ROSA26.HAL-TTR.Fah-ROSA26.HAR) via the tail vein. Mice in the control group were injected with 2.1 × 108 VP of a similar vector but missing the homologous arms (rAAV8-TTR.Fah). Primary hepatocytes from Fah-/- recipient mice, treated with our vectors, were isolated and 1 × 106 hepatocytes were transplanted into secondary Fah-/- recipient mice by injection into the spleen. Upon either vector application or hepatocyte transplantation NTBC treatment was stopped in recipient mice.
RESULTS Here, we report successful HR-mediated genome editing by integration of a Fah gene expression cassette into the “safe harbour locus” Rosa26 by recombinant AAV8. Both groups of mice showed long-term survival, weight gain and FAH positive clusters as determined by immunohistochemistry analysis of liver sections in the absence of NTBC treatment. In the group of C57BL/6 Fah∆exon5 mice, which have been transplanted with hepatocytes from a mouse injected with rAAV8-ROSA26.HAL-TTR.Fah-ROSA26.HAR 156 d before, 6 out of 6 mice showed long-term survival, weight gain and FAH positive clusters without need for NTBC treatment. In contrast only 1 out 5 mice, who received hepatocytes from rAAV8-TTR.Fah treated mice, survived and showed few and smaller FAH positive clusters. These results demonstrate that homologous recombination-mediated Fah gene transfer corrects the phenotype in a mouse model of human tyrosinaemia type 1 (Fah-/- mice) and is long lasting in a proliferating state of the liver as shown by withdrawal of NTBC treatment and serial transplantation of isolated hepatocytes from primary Fah-/- recipient mice into secondary Fah-/- recipient mice. This long term therapeutic efficacy is clearly superior to our control mice treated with episomal rAAV8 gene therapy approach.
CONCLUSION HR-mediated rAAV8 gene therapy provides targeted transgene integration and phenotypic correction in Fah-/- mice with superior long-term efficacy compared to episomal rAAV8 therapy in proliferating livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Junge
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Thu Huong Vu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Simon Krooss
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Christien Bednarski
- Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Asha Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover 30625, Germany
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13
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Ricca A, Gritti A. Perspective on innovative therapies for globoid cell leukodystrophy. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1304-17. [PMID: 27638612 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), or Krabbe's disease, is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase galactosylceramidase. The infantile forms are characterized by a unique relentless and aggressive progression with a wide range of neurological symptoms and complications. Here we review and discuss the basic concepts and the novel mechanisms identified as key contributors to the peculiar GLD pathology, highlighting their therapeutic implications. Then, we evaluate evidence from extensive experimental studies on GLD animal models that have highlighted fundamental requirements to obtain substantial therapeutic benefit, including early and timely intervention, high levels of enzymatic reconstitution, and global targeting of affected tissues. Continuous efforts in understanding GLD pathophysiology, the interplay between various therapies, and the mechanisms of disease correction upon intervention may allow advancing research with innovative approaches and prioritizing treatment strategies to develop more efficacious treatments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ricca
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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14
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Fu H, Meadows AS, Pineda RJ, Mohney RP, Stirdivant S, McCarty DM. Serum global metabolomics profiling reveals profound metabolic impairments in patients with MPS IIIA and MPS IIIB. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1403-1415. [PMID: 28382573 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The monogenic defects in specific lysosomal enzymes in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) III lead to lysosomal storage of glycosaminoglycans and complex CNS and somatic pathology, for which the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, serum samples from patients with MPS IIIA (age 2-9 yr) and MPS IIIB (2-13 yr) and healthy controls (age 2-9 yr) were assayed by global metabolomics profiling of 658 metabolites using mass spectrometry. Significant alterations were detected in 423 metabolites in all MPS III patients, of which 366 (86.5%) decreased and 57 (13.5%) increased. Similar profiles were observed when analyzing data from MPS IIIA and MPS IIIB samples separately, with only limited age variations in 36 metabolites. The observed metabolic disturbances in MPS III patients involve virtually all major pathways of amino acid (101/150), peptide (17/21), carbohydrate (19/23), lipid (221/325), nucleotide (15/25), energy (8/9), vitamins and co-factors (8/21), and xenobiotics (34/84) metabolism. Notably, detected serum metabolite decreases involved all key amino acids, all major neurotransmitter pathways, and broad neuroprotective compounds. The elevated metabolites are predominantly lipid derivatives, and also include cysteine metabolites and a fibrinogen peptide fragment, consistent with the status of oxidative stress and inflammation in MPS III. This study demonstrates that the lysosomal glycosaminoglycans storage triggers profound metabolic disturbances in patients with MPS III disorders, leading to severe functional depression of virtually all metabolic pathways, which emerge early during the disease progression. Serum global metabolomics profiling may provide an important and minimally invasive tool for better understanding the disease mechanisms and identification of potential biomarkers for MPS III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fu
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Aaron S Meadows
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ricardo J Pineda
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas M McCarty
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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15
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Chen M, Maeng K, Nawab A, Francois RA, Bray JK, Reinhard MK, Boye SL, Hauswirth WW, Kaye FJ, Aslanidi G, Srivastava A, Zajac-Kaye M. Efficient Gene Delivery and Expression in Pancreas and Pancreatic Tumors by Capsid-Optimized AAV8 Vectors. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2017; 28:49-59. [PMID: 28125909 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2016.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to use adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene therapy for treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), transduction efficiency remains a limiting factor and thus improvement of AAV delivery would significantly facilitate the treatment of this malignancy. Site-directed mutagenesis of specific tyrosine (Y) residues to phenylalanine (F) on the surface of various AAV serotype capsids has been reported as a method for enhancing gene transfer efficiencies. In the present studies, we determine whether Y-to-F mutations could also enhance AAV8 gene transfer in the pancreas to facilitate gene therapy for PDAC. Three different Y-to-F mutant vectors (a single-mutant, Y733F; a double-mutant, Y447F+Y733F; and a triple-mutant, Y275F+Y447F+Y733F) and wild-type AAV8 (WT-AAV8) were administered by intraperitoneal or tail-vein routes to KrasG12D+/-, KrasG12D+/-/Pten+/-, and wild-type mice. The transduction efficiency of these vectors expressing the mCherry reporter gene was evaluated 2 weeks post administration in pancreas or PDAC and correlated with viral genome copy numbers. Our comparative and quantitative analyses of the transduction profiles demonstrated that the Y-to-F double-mutant exhibited the highest mCherry expression in pancreatic tissues (range 45-70%) compared with WT-AAV8 (7%; p < 0.01). We also detected a 7-fold higher level of vector genome copy numbers in normal pancreas following transduction with the double-mutant AAV8 compared with WT-AAV8 (10,285 vs. 1,500 vector copies/μg DNA respectively, p < 0.05). In addition, we observed that intraperitoneal injection of the double-mutant AAV8 led to a 15-fold enhanced transduction efficiency as compared to WT-AAV8 in mouse PDAC, with a corresponding ∼14-fold increase in vector genome copy numbers (26,575 vs. 2,165 copies/μg DNA respectively, p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the Y447+Y733F-AAV8 leads to a significant enhancement of transduction efficiency in both normal and malignant pancreatic tissues, suggesting the potential use of this vector in targeting pancreatic diseases in general, and PDAC in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kyungah Maeng
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Akbar Nawab
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rony A Francois
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Julie K Bray
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mary K Reinhard
- 2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sanford L Boye
- 3 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - William W Hauswirth
- 3 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Frederic J Kaye
- 4 Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Georgiy Aslanidi
- 5 Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Arun Srivastava
- 5 Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maria Zajac-Kaye
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
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16
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Dhungel B, Jayachandran A, Layton CJ, Steel JC. Seek and destroy: targeted adeno-associated viruses for gene delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:289-299. [PMID: 28165834 PMCID: PMC8241004 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1247926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer with high incidence globally. Increasing mortality and morbidity rates combined with limited treatment options available for advanced HCC press for novel and effective treatment modalities. Gene therapy represents one of the most promising therapeutic options. With the recent approval of herpes simplex virus for advanced melanoma, the field of gene therapy has received a major boost. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is among the most widely used and effective viral vectors today with safety and efficacy demonstrated in a number of human clinical trials. This review identifies the obstacles for effective AAV based gene delivery to HCC which primarily include host immune responses and off-target effects. These drawbacks could be more pronounced for HCC because of the underlying liver dysfunction in most of the patients. We discuss approaches that could be adopted to tackle these shortcomings and manufacture HCC-targeted vectors. The combination of transductional targeting by modifying the vector capsid and transcriptional targeting using HCC-specific promoters has the potential to produce vectors which can specifically seek HCC and deliver therapeutic gene without significant side effects. Finally, the identification of novel HCC-specific ligands and promoters should facilitate and expedite this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Dhungel
- a Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,b School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,c University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute , Woolloongabba , QLD , Australia , and
| | - Aparna Jayachandran
- a Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,b School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Christopher J Layton
- b School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,d Ophthalmology Department, Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Jason C Steel
- a Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,b School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
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17
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Wykes RC, Lignani G. Gene therapy and editing: Novel potential treatments for neuronal channelopathies. Neuropharmacology 2017; 132:108-117. [PMID: 28564577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical treatment can be inadequate, non-effective, or intolerable for many people suffering from a neuronal channelopathy. Development of novel treatment options, particularly those with the potential to be curative is warranted. Gene therapy approaches can permit cell-specific modification of neuronal and circuit excitability and have been investigated experimentally as a therapy for numerous neurological disorders, with clinical trials for several neurodegenerative diseases ongoing. Channelopathies can arise from a wide array of gene mutations; however they usually result in periods of aberrant network excitability. Therefore gene therapy strategies based on up or downregulation of genes that modulate neuronal excitability may be effective therapy for a wide range of neuronal channelopathies. As many channelopathies are paroxysmal in nature, optogenetic or chemogenetic approaches may be well suited to treat the symptoms of these diseases. Recent advances in gene-editing technologies such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system could in the future result in entirely novel treatment for a channelopathy by repairing disease-causing channel mutations at the germline level. As the brain may develop and wire abnormally as a consequence of an inherited or de novo channelopathy, the choice of optimal gene therapy or gene editing strategy will depend on the time of intervention (germline, neonatal or adult). This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Channelopathies.'
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Wykes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
| | - G Lignani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
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18
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Near-Complete Correction of Profound Metabolomic Impairments Corresponding to Functional Benefit in MPS IIIB Mice after IV rAAV9-hNAGLU Gene Delivery. Mol Ther 2017; 25:792-802. [PMID: 28143737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB is a lysosomal storage disease with complex CNS and somatic pathology due to a deficiency in α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU). Using global metabolic profiling by mass spectrometry targeting 361 metabolites, this study detected significant decreases in 225 and increases in six metabolites in serum samples from 7-month-old MPS IIIB mice, compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The metabolic disturbances involve virtually all major pathways of amino acid, peptide (58/102), carbohydrate (18/28), lipid (111/139), nucleotide (12/24), energy (2/9), vitamin and cofactor (11/16), and xenobiotic (11/28) metabolism. Notably, the reduced metabolites included eight essential amino acids, vitamins (C, E, B2, and B6), and neurotransmitters (serotonin, glutamate, aspartate, tryptophan, and N-acetyltyrosine). The metabolic impairments appear to emerge early during disease progression before the age of 2 months. Importantly, the restoration of NAGLU activity with an intravenous (i.v.) injection of rAAV9-hNAGLU vector led to near-complete correction of all serum metabolite abnormalities, with 201 (87%) metabolites normalized and 30 (13%) over-corrected. While the mechanisms are unclear, our data demonstrate that the lack of NAGLU activity triggers profound functional metabolic disturbances in MPS IIIB. These metabolic impairments respond well to a systemic rAAV9-hNAGLU gene delivery, supporting the surrogate biomarker potential of serum metabolomic profiles for MPS IIIB therapies.
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19
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Dissen GA, Adachi K, Lomniczi A, Chatkupt T, Davidson BL, Nakai H, Ojeda SR. Engineering a gene silencing viral construct that targets the cat hypothalamus to induce permanent sterility: An update. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52 Suppl 2:354-358. [PMID: 27859771 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intent of this contribution is to provide an update of the progress we have made towards developing a method/treatment to permanently sterilize cats. Our approach employs two complementary methodologies: RNA interference (RNAi) to silence genes involved in the central control of reproduction and a virus-based gene therapy system intended to deliver RNAi selectively to the hypothalamus (where these genes are expressed) via the systemic administration of modified viruses. We selected the hypothalamus because it contains neurons expressing Kiss1 and Tac3, two genes essential for reproduction and fertility. We chose the non-pathogenic adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector whose tropism could be modified to target the hypothalamus. The issues that must be overcome to utilize this vector as a delivery vehicle to induce sterility include modification of the wild-type AAV to target the hypothalamic region of the brain with a simultaneous reduction in targeting of peripheral tissues and non-hypothalamic brain regions, identification of RNAi targets that will effectively reduce the expression of Kiss1 and Tac3 without off-target effects, and determination if neutralizing antibodies to the AAV serotype of choice are present in cats. Successful resolution of these issues will pave the way for the development of a powerful tool to induce the permanent sterility in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Dissen
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - K Adachi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A Lomniczi
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - T Chatkupt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B L Davidson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Nakai
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - S R Ojeda
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
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20
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Reprogramming Immune Response With Capsid-Optimized AAV6 Vectors for Immunotherapy of Cancer. J Immunother 2016; 38:292-8. [PMID: 26261893 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the current studies we generated novel capsid-optimized adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 6 (AAV6) vectors expressing a tumor-associated antigen, and assessed their ability to activate a protective T-cell response in an animal model. First, we showed that specific mutations in the AAV6 capsid increase the transduction efficiency of these vectors in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro for approximately 5-fold compared with the wild-type (WT) AAV6 vectors. Next, we evaluated the ability of the mutant AAV6 vectors to initiate specific T-cell clone proliferation in vivo. Our data indicate that the intramuscular administration of AAV6-S663V+T492V vectors expressing ovalbumin (OVA) led to a strong activation (approximately 9%) of specific T cells in peripheral blood compared with AAV6-WT treated animals (<1%). These OVA-specific T cells have a superior killing ability against mouse prostate cancer cell line RM1 stably expressing the OVA antigen when propagated in vitro. Finally, we evaluated the ability of capsid-optimized AAV6-S663V+T492V vectors to initiate a protective anticancer immune response in vivo. Our results document the suppression of subcutaneous tumor growth in animals immunized with AAV6-S663V+T492V vectors expressing prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) for approximately 4 weeks in comparison with 1 week and 2 weeks for the negative controls, AAV6-EGFP, and AAV6-WT-PAP treated mice, respectively. These studies suggest that successful inhibition of tumor growth in an animal model would set the stage for potential clinical application of the capsid-optimized AAV6-S663V+T492V vectors.
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21
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Meneghini V, Lattanzi A, Tiradani L, Bravo G, Morena F, Sanvito F, Calabria A, Bringas J, Fisher-Perkins JM, Dufour JP, Baker KC, Doglioni C, Montini E, Bunnell BA, Bankiewicz K, Martino S, Naldini L, Gritti A. Pervasive supply of therapeutic lysosomal enzymes in the CNS of normal and Krabbe-affected non-human primates by intracerebral lentiviral gene therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:489-510. [PMID: 27025653 PMCID: PMC5128736 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD or Krabbe disease) are severe neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) caused by arylsulfatase A (ARSA) and galactosylceramidase (GALC) deficiency, respectively. Our previous studies established lentiviral gene therapy (GT) as a rapid and effective intervention to provide pervasive supply of therapeutic lysosomal enzymes in CNS tissues of MLD and GLD mice. Here, we investigated whether this strategy is similarly effective in juvenile non-human primates (NHP). To provide proof of principle for tolerability and biological efficacy of the strategy, we established a comprehensive study in normal NHP delivering a clinically relevant lentiviral vector encoding for the human ARSA transgene. Then, we injected a lentiviral vector coding for the human GALC transgene in Krabbe-affected rhesus macaques, evaluating for the first time the therapeutic potential of lentiviral GT in this unique LSD model. We showed favorable safety profile and consistent pattern of LV transduction and enzyme biodistribution in the two models, supporting the robustness of the proposed GT platform. We documented moderate inflammation at the injection sites, mild immune response to vector particles in few treated animals, no indication of immune response against transgenic products, and no molecular evidence of insertional genotoxicity. Efficient gene transfer in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes close to the injection sites resulted in robust production and extensive spreading of transgenic enzymes in the whole CNS and in CSF, leading to supraphysiological ARSA activity in normal NHP and close to physiological GALC activity in the Krabbe NHP, in which biological efficacy was associated with preliminary indication of therapeutic benefit. These results support the rationale for the clinical translation of intracerebral lentiviral GT to address CNS pathology in MLD, GLD, and other neurodegenerative LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Meneghini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lattanzi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Tiradani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bravo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- Anatomy and Histopathology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Calabria
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - John Bringas
- University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne M Fisher-Perkins
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Jason P Dufour
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Kate C Baker
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Anatomy and Histopathology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | | | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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22
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Madry H, Cucchiarini M. Gene therapy for human osteoarthritis: principles and clinical translation. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 16:331-46. [PMID: 26593049 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1124084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disease. Its key feature is a progressive articular cartilage loss. Gene therapy for OA aims at delivering gene-based therapeutic agents to the osteoarthritic cartilage, resulting in a controlled, site-specific, long-term presence to rebuild the damaged cartilage. AREAS COVERED An overview is provided of the principles of gene therapy for OA based on a PubMed literature search. Gene transfer to normal and osteoarthritic cartilage in vitro and in animal models in vivo is reviewed. Results from recent clinical gene therapy trials for OA are discussed and placed into perspective. EXPERT OPINION Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors enable to directly transfer candidate sequences in human articular chondrocytes in situ, providing a potent tool to modulate the structure of osteoarthritic cartilage. However, few preclinical animal studies in OA models have been performed thus far. Noteworthy, several gene therapy clinical trials have been carried out in patients with end-stage knee OA based on the intraarticular injection of human juvenile allogeneic chondrocytes overexpressing a cDNA encoding transforming growth factor-beta-1 via retroviral vectors. In a recent placebo-controlled randomized trial, clinical scores were improved compared with placebo. These translational results provide sufficient reason to proceed with further clinical testing of gene transfer protocols for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Madry
- a Center of Experimental Orthopaedics , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- a Center of Experimental Orthopaedics , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
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23
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Development of novel AAV serotype 6 based vectors with selective tropism for human cancer cells. Gene Ther 2015; 23:18-25. [PMID: 26270885 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Viral vectors-based gene therapy is an attractive alternative to common anti-cancer treatments. In the present studies, AAV serotype 6 vectors were identified to be particularly effective in the transduction of human prostate (PC3), breast (T47D) and liver (Huh7) cancer cells. Next, we developed chimeric AAV vectors with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide incorporated into the viral capsid to enable specific targeting of integrin-overexpressing malignant cells. These AAV6-RGD vectors improved transduction efficiency approximately 3-fold compared with wild-type AAV6 vectors by enhancing the viral entry into the cells. We also observed that transduction efficiency significantly improved, up to approximately 5-fold, by the mutagenesis of surface-exposed tyrosine and threonine residues involved in the intracellular trafficking of AAV vectors. Therefore, in our study, the AAV6-Y705-731F+T492V vector was identified as the most efficient. The combination of RGD peptide, tyrosine and threonine mutations on the same AAV6 capsid further increased the transduction efficiency, approximately 8-fold in vitro. In addition, we mutated lysine (K531E) to impair the affinity of AAV6 vectors to heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Finally, we showed a significant increase in both specificity and efficiency of AAV6-RGD-Y705-731F+T492V+K531E vectors in a xenograft animal model in vivo. In summary, the approach described here can lead to the development of AAV vectors with selective tropism to human cancer cells.
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24
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Watanabe M. A novel in situ permeation system and its utility in cancer tissue ablation. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:875-83. [PMID: 26134633 PMCID: PMC4532192 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal ablation therapy is an emerging treatment modality for localized cancer lesions. It is an attractive strategy for inhibiting tumor progression and preventing morbidity associated with open surgery. As for intratissue drug delivery systems for use in local therapy, the convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of liquid drugs has been utilized, particularly for the treatment of malignant brain tumors. Although the conventional CED system is useful for providing drug/vehicle-based local therapy, there are several reported disadvantages in terms of the ability to control the extent of drug diffusion. We herein developed and validated a novel in situ permeation (ISP)-MW-1 system for achieving intratissue drug diffusion. The ISP system includes a perfusion catheter connected to an injector and aspirator, which enables intratissue perfusion of the solute diluted in the vehicle in the tip-inserted cavity. We subsequently evaluated the utility of the ISP-MW-1 system for in situ permeation in a subcutaneous tumor model in hamsters. Dehydrated ethanol, saline and 50% acetic acid were evaluated as the vehicle, and methylene blue was used as a dissolved substance for evaluating the diffusion of the agent. As a result, almost all of the tumor tissue within the capsule (tumor size: ~3 cm) was permeated with the dehydrated ethanol and 50% acetic acid and partially with the saline. We further demonstrated that ISP treatment with 50% acetic acid completely ablated the subcutaneous tumors in all of the treated hamsters (n=3). Therefore, the ISP-MW-1 system is a promising approach for controlling the intratissue diffusion of therapeutic agents and for providing local ablation therapy for cancer lesions. We believe that this system may be applicable to a broad range of medicinal and industrial fields, such as regenerative medicine, drug delivery systems, biochemistry and material technologies as well as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Watanabe
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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25
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Canli T. Neurogenethics: An emerging discipline at the intersection of ethics, neuroscience, and genomics. Appl Transl Genom 2015; 5:18-22. [PMID: 26937354 PMCID: PMC4745360 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) associated with genetics ("genethics") has focused on traditional concerns in bioethics, such as privacy and informed consent. The analysis of ELSI associated with neuroscience ("neuroethics") has focused on concerns related to personhood, such as free will or cognitive enhancement. With neurogenomics coming of age, this is an appropriate time to attend to the set of novel concerns that arises when we consider the confluence of these two lines of research. I call this area of ethics inquiry "neurogenethics", map out the problem space, and highlight future areas of inquiry related to genome editing and gene therapy, optogenetics and memory manipulation, and genomic identity and online communities.
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Jiang H, Huang S, Li X, Li X, Zhang Y, Chen ZY. Tyrosine Kinase Receptor B Protects Against Coronary Artery Disease and Promotes Adult Vasculature Integrity by Regulating Ets1-Mediated VE-Cadherin Expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:580-8. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) is a high-affinity receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In addition to its nervous system functions, TrkB is also expressed in the cardiovascular system. However, the association of TrkB and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unknown. We investigated the role of TrkB in the development of CAD and its mechanism.
Approach and Results—
We performed a case–control study in 2 independent cohort of Chinese subjects and found –69C>G polymorphisms of TrkB gene significantly associated with CAD. TrkB –69C homozygotes, which corresponded to decreased TrkB expression by luciferase reporter assay, showed increased risk for CAD. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that TrkB was expressed in the aortic endothelium in atherosclerotic lesions in humans and ApoE
–/–
mice. TrkB knockdown in the aortic endothelium resulted in vascular leakage in ApoE
–/–
mice. Mechanistic studies showed that TrkB regulated vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) expression through induction and activation of Ets1 transcriptional factor. Importantly, TrkB activation attenuated proatherosclerotic factors induced-endothelial hyperpermeability in human vascular endothelial cells.
Conclusions—
Our data demonstrate that TrkB protects endothelial integrity during atherogenesis by promoting Ets1-mediated VE-cadherin expression and plays a previously unknown protective role in the development of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital (H.J., X.L., Y.Z.), and Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine (S.H., X.L., Z.-Y.C), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuhong Huang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital (H.J., X.L., Y.Z.), and Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine (S.H., X.L., Z.-Y.C), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital (H.J., X.L., Y.Z.), and Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine (S.H., X.L., Z.-Y.C), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital (H.J., X.L., Y.Z.), and Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine (S.H., X.L., Z.-Y.C), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital (H.J., X.L., Y.Z.), and Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine (S.H., X.L., Z.-Y.C), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital (H.J., X.L., Y.Z.), and Department of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine (S.H., X.L., Z.-Y.C), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Duncan FJ, Naughton BJ, Zaraspe K, Murrey DA, Meadows AS, Clark KR, Newsom DE, White P, Fu H, McCarty DM. Broad functional correction of molecular impairments by systemic delivery of scAAVrh74-hSGSH gene delivery in MPS IIIA mice. Mol Ther 2015; 23:638-47. [PMID: 25592334 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIA is a neuropathic lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency in N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH). Genome-wide gene expression microarrays in MPS IIIA mice detected broad molecular abnormalities (greater than or equal to twofold, false discovery rate ≤10) in numerous transcripts (314) in the brain and blood (397). Importantly, 22 dysregulated blood transcripts are known to be enriched in the brain and linked to broad neuronal functions. To target the root cause, we used a self-complementary AAVrh74 vector to deliver the human SGSH gene into 4-6 weeks old MPS IIIA mice by an intravenous injection. The treatment resulted in global central nervous system (CNS) and widespread somatic restoration of SGSH activity, clearance of CNS and somatic glycosaminoglycan storage, improved behavior performance, and significantly extended survival. The scAAVrh74-hSGSH treatment also led to the correction of the majority of the transcriptional abnormalities in the brain (95.9%) and blood (97.7%), of which 182 and 290 transcripts were normalized in the brain and blood, respectively. These results demonstrate that a single systemic scAAVrh74-hSGSH delivery mediated efficient restoration of SGSH activity and resulted in a near complete correction of MPS IIIA molecular pathology. This study also demonstrates that blood transcriptional profiles reflect the biopathological status of MPS IIIA, and also respond well to effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jason Duncan
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bartholomew J Naughton
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kimberly Zaraspe
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Darren A Murrey
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron S Meadows
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly Reed Clark
- 1] Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David E Newsom
- Biomedical Genetics Core, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter White
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA [2] Biomedical Genetics Core, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Haiyan Fu
- 1] Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Douglas M McCarty
- 1] Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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28
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Aronin N, DiFiglia M. Huntingtin-lowering strategies in Huntington's disease: antisense oligonucleotides, small RNAs, and gene editing. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1455-61. [PMID: 25164989 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea to lower mutant huntingtin is especially appealing in Huntington's disease (HD). It is autosomal dominant, so that expression of the mutant allele causes the disease. Advances in RNA and gene regulation provide foundations for the huntingtin gene (both normal and mutant alleles) and possibly the mutant allele only. There is much preclinical animal work to support the concept of gene and RNA silencing, but, to date, no clinical studies have been attempted in HD. Preventing expression of mutant huntingtin protein is at the cusp for a human trial. Antisense oligonucleotides delivered to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been well tolerated; small RNAs administered to rodent and nonhuman primate brain knocked down huntingtin messenger RNA (mRNA); short-hairpin complementary DNA of microRNAs can be expressed in adeno-associated virus to provide long-term silencing of huntingtin mRNA and protein. We expect that these approaches will be ready for clinical studies in the near future, once safety has been validated. Our understanding of gene editing-changing the huntingtin gene itself-is rapidly progressing. Harnessing our knowledge of transcription and translation should push scientific creativity to new and exciting advances that overcome the lethality of the mutant gene in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Aronin
- Department of Medicine and RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Lewis TB, Glasgow JN, Harms AS, Standaert DG, Curiel DT. Fiber-modified adenovirus for central nervous system Parkinson's disease gene therapy. Viruses 2014; 6:3293-310. [PMID: 25196484 PMCID: PMC4147696 DOI: 10.3390/v6083293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-based therapies for neurological diseases continue to develop briskly. As disease mechanisms are elucidated, flexible gene delivery platforms incorporating transcriptional regulatory elements, therapeutic genes and targeted delivery are required for the safety and efficacy of these approaches. Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-based vectors can carry large genetic payloads to provide this flexibility, but do not transduce neuronal cells efficiently. To address this, we have developed a tropism-modified Ad5 vector with neuron-selective targeting properties for evaluation in models of Parkinson disease therapy. A panel of tropism-modified Ad5 vectors was screened for enhanced gene delivery in a neuroblastoma cell line model system. We used these observations to design and construct an unbiased Ad vector platform, consisting of an unmodified Ad5 and a tropism-modified Ad5 vector containing the fiber knob domain from canine Ad serotype 2 (Ad5-CGW-CK2). Delivery to the substantia nigra or striatum showed that this vector produced a neuronally-restricted pattern of gene expression. Many of the transduced neurons were from regions with afferent projections to the injection site, implicating that the vector binds the presynaptic terminal resulting in presynaptic transduction. We show that Ad5-CGW-CK2 can selectively transduce neurons in the brain and hypothesize that this modular platform is potentially adaptable to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B Lewis
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Joel N Glasgow
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Ashley S Harms
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - David G Standaert
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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30
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Potter M, Lins B, Mietzsch M, Heilbronn R, Van Vliet K, Chipman P, Agbandje-McKenna M, Cleaver BD, Clément N, Byrne BJ, Zolotukhin S. A simplified purification protocol for recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 1:14034. [PMID: 26015974 PMCID: PMC4420252 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new rapid, low cost, and scalable method for purification of various recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) from the lysates of producer cells of either mammalian or insect origin. The method takes advantage of two general biochemical properties of all characterized AAV serotypes: (i) low isoelectric point of a capsid and (ii) relative biological stability of the viral particle in the acidic environment. A simple and rapid clarification of cell lysate toremove the bulk of proteins and DNA is accomplished by utilizing inexpensive off-the-shelf reagents such as sodium citrate and citric acid. After the low-speed centrifugation step, the supernatant is subjected to cation exchange chromatography via sulfopropyl (SP) column. The eluted virus may then be further concentrated by either centrifugal spin devices or tangential flow filtration yielding material of high titer and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) grade biochemical purity. The protocol is validated for rAAV serotypes 2, 8, and 9. The described method makes rAAV vector technology readily available for the low budget research laboratories and could be easily adapted for a large scale GMP production format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Potter
- Powell Gene Therapy Center , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bridget Lins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mario Mietzsch
- Institute of Virology, Charité Medical School , Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kim Van Vliet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paul Chipman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Nathalie Clément
- Powell Gene Therapy Center , Gainesville, Florida, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Barry J Byrne
- Powell Gene Therapy Center , Gainesville, Florida, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Powell Gene Therapy Center , Gainesville, Florida, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida, USA
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31
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Brown HC, Wright JF, Zhou S, Lytle AM, Shields JE, Spencer HT, Doering CB. Bioengineered coagulation factor VIII enables long-term correction of murine hemophilia A following liver-directed adeno-associated viral vector delivery. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2014; 1:14036. [PMID: 26015976 PMCID: PMC4362354 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinical data support the feasibility and safety of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors in gene therapy applications. Despite several clinical trials of AAV-based gene transfer for hemophilia B, a unique set of obstacles impede the development of a similar approach for hemophilia A. These include (i) the size of the factor VIII (fVIII) transgene, (ii) humoral immune responses to fVIII, (iii) inefficient biosynthesis of human fVIII, and (iv) AAV vector immunity. Through bioengineering approaches, a novel fVIII molecule, designated ET3, was developed and shown to improve biosynthetic efficiency 10- to 100-fold. In this study, the utility of ET3 was assessed in the context of liver-directed, AAV-mediated gene transfer into hemophilia A mice. Due to the large size of the expression cassette, AAV-ET3 genomes packaged into viral particles as partial genome fragments. Despite this potential limitation, a single peripheral vein administration of AAV-ET3 into immune-competent hemophilia A mice resulted in correction of the fVIII deficiency at lower vector doses than previously reported for similarly oversized AAV-fVIII vectors. Therefore, ET3 appears to improve vector potency and mitigate at least one of the critical barriers to AAV-based clinical gene therapy for hemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison C Brown
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J Fraser Wright
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shangzhen Zhou
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison M Lytle
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jordan E Shields
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - H Trent Spencer
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher B Doering
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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32
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Xu Z, Shi C, Qian Q. Scalable manufacturing methodologies for improving adeno-associated virus-based pharmaprojects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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34
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Lattanzi A, Salvagno C, Maderna C, Benedicenti F, Morena F, Kulik W, Naldini L, Montini E, Martino S, Gritti A. Therapeutic benefit of lentiviral-mediated neonatal intracerebral gene therapy in a mouse model of globoid cell leukodystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3250-68. [PMID: 24463623 PMCID: PMC4030779 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is an inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC) deficiency. Gene therapy (GT) should provide rapid, extensive and lifetime GALC supply in central nervous system (CNS) tissues to prevent or halt irreversible neurologic progression. Here we used a lentiviral vector (LV) to transfer a functional GALC gene in the brain of Twitcher mice, a severe GLD model. A single injection of LV.GALC in the external capsule of Twitcher neonates resulted in robust transduction of neural cells with minimal and transient activation of inflammatory and immune response. Importantly, we documented a proficient transduction of proliferating and post-mitotic oligodendroglia, a relevant target cell type in GLD. GALC activity (30–50% of physiological levels) was restored in the whole CNS of treated mice as early as 8 days post-injection. The early and stable enzymatic supply ensured partial clearance of storage and reduction of psychosine levels, translating in amelioration of histopathology and enhanced lifespan. At 6 months post-injection in non-affected mice, LV genome persisted exclusively in the injected region, where transduced cells overexpressed GALC. Integration site analysis in transduced brain tissues showed no aberrant clonal expansion and preferential targeting of neural-specific genes. This study establishes neonatal LV-mediated intracerebral GT as a rapid, effective and safe therapeutic intervention to correct CNS pathology in GLD and provides a strong rationale for its application in this and similar leukodystrophies, alone or in combination with therapies targeting the somatic pathology, with the final aim of providing an effective and timely treatment of these global disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Lattanzi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132 Italy Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy Present address: Genethon, 1-bis Rue de l'Internationale, Evry, France
| | - Camilla Salvagno
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132 Italy
| | - Claudio Maderna
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132 Italy
| | - Fabrizio Benedicenti
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132 Italy
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Willem Kulik
- Laboratory for Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, F0-224, PO Box 22700, Amsterdam 1100 DE, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Naldini
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132 Italy
| | - Eugenio Montini
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132 Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, Milano 20132 Italy
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35
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Salmon F, Grosios K, Petry H. Safety profile of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors: focus on alipogene tiparvovec (Glybera®). Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2013; 7:53-65. [PMID: 24308784 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2014.852065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There has been great interest over the past two decades in developing gene therapies (GTs) to treat a variety of diseases; however, translating research findings into clinical treatments have proved to be a challenge. A major milestone in the development of GT has been achieved with the approval of alipogene tiparvovec (Glybera(®)) in Europe for the treatment of familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency. At this important stage with the evolution of GT into the clinic, this review will examine the safety aspects GT with adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. The topics that will be covered include acute reactions, immunological reactions to the AAV capsid and expressed transgene, viral biodistribution and shedding, DNA integration and carcinogenicity. These safety aspects of GT will be discussed with a focus on alipogene tiparvovec, in addition to other AAV vector GT products currently in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Salmon
- uniQure, Meibergdreef 61, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Naughton BJ, Duncan FJ, Murrey D, Ware T, Meadows A, McCarty DM, Fu H. Amyloidosis, synucleinopathy, and prion encephalopathy in a neuropathic lysosomal storage disease: the CNS-biomarker potential of peripheral blood. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80142. [PMID: 24278249 PMCID: PMC3836978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB is a devastating neuropathic lysosomal storage disease with complex pathology. This study identifies molecular signatures in peripheral blood that may be relevant to MPS IIIB pathogenesis using a mouse model. Genome-wide gene expression microarrays on pooled RNAs showed dysregulation of 2,802 transcripts in blood from MPS IIIB mice, reflecting pathological complexity of MPS IIIB, encompassing virtually all previously reported and as yet unexplored disease aspects. Importantly, many of the dysregulated genes are reported to be tissue-specific. Further analyses of multiple genes linked to major pathways of neurodegeneration demonstrated a strong brain-blood correlation in amyloidosis and synucleinopathy in MPS IIIB. We also detected prion protein (Prnp) deposition in the CNS and Prnp dysregulation in the blood in MPS IIIB mice, suggesting the involvement of Prnp aggregation in neuropathology. Systemic delivery of trans-BBB-neurotropic rAAV9-hNAGLU vector mediated not only efficient restoration of functional α-N-acetylglucosaminidase and clearance of lysosomal storage pathology in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, but also the correction of impaired neurodegenerative molecular pathways in the brain and blood. Our data suggest that molecular changes in blood may reflect pathological status in the CNS and provide a useful tool for identifying potential CNS-specific biomarkers for MPS IIIB and possibly other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomew J. Naughton
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - F. Jason Duncan
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Darren Murrey
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tierra Ware
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aaron Meadows
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Douglas M. McCarty
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Pandya J, Ortiz L, Ling C, Rivers AE, Aslanidi G. Rationally designed capsid and transgene cassette of AAV6 vectors for dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 92:116-23. [PMID: 24217810 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has recently demonstrated a great potential for clinical applications; however, additional progress in the methods of tumor-specific antigen delivery to DCs is necessary for the further development of anti-tumor vaccines. To this end, a capsid-optimized adeno-associated virus serotype 6 (AAV6-T492V+S663V) vector was developed by site-directed mutagenesis of surface-exposed serine (S) and threonine (T) residues, which have a critical role in intracellular trafficking of AAV vectors. This double-mutant AAV6 vector had ∼ 5-fold greater transduction efficiency in monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) compared with wild-type (WT)-AAV6 vectors. The increase in the transduction efficiency correlated with the improved nuclear translocation of AAV6-T492V+S663V over that of the WT-AAV6 vector. Additional studies of the CD11c promoter identified critical regulatory elements that fit into the AAV expression cassette and drive EGFP expression in moDCs. Development of a chimeric promoter (chmCD11c) that contains functional modules of CD11c and a Simian virus (SV40) enhancer element dramatically increased the EGFP expression in moDCs. MoDCs transduced by the capsid-optimized AAV6 vector carrying human prostate-specific antigen (hPSA) driven by CBA (AAV6-T492V+S663V-CBA-hPSA) or chmCd11c (AAV6-T492V+S663V-chmCD11c-hPSA) generated specific T-cell clone proliferation and superior cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with higher killing capability against human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, LNCaP, compared with WT-AAV6 induced CTLs. Taken together, these studies suggest that optimization of capsid and promoter components of AAV vectors can be a useful approach for efficient targeting of moDCs and may prove to be a promising tool for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheel Pandya
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Luis Ortiz
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics; University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chen Ling
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics; University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Angela E Rivers
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - George Aslanidi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics; University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Kantor S, Mochizuki T, Lops SN, Ko B, Clain E, Clark E, Yamamoto M, Scammell TE. Orexin gene therapy restores the timing and maintenance of wakefulness in narcoleptic mice. Sleep 2013; 36:1129-38. [PMID: 23904672 PMCID: PMC3700709 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Narcolepsy is caused by selective loss of the orexin/hypocretin-producing neurons of the hypothalamus. For patients with narcolepsy, chronic sleepiness is often the most disabling symptom, but current therapies rarely normalize alertness and do not address the underlying orexin deficiency. We hypothesized that the sleepiness of narcolepsy would substantially improve if orexin signaling were restored in specific brain regions at appropriate times of day. DESIGN We used gene therapy to restore orexin signaling in a mouse model of narcolepsy. In these Atx mice, expression of a toxic protein (ataxin-3) selectively kills the orexin neurons. INTERVENTIONS To induce ectopic expression of the orexin neuropeptides, we microinjected an adeno-associated viral vector coding for prepro-orexin plus a red fluorescence protein (AAV-orexin) into the mediobasal hypothalamus of Atx and wild-type mice. Control mice received an AAV coding only for red fluorescence protein. Two weeks later, we recorded sleep/wake behavior, locomotor activity, and body temperature and examined the patterns of orexin expression. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Atx mice rescued with AAV-orexin produced long bouts of wakefulness and had a normal diurnal pattern of arousal, with the longest bouts of wake and the highest amounts of locomotor activity in the first hours of the night. In addition, AAV-orexin improved the timing of rapid eye movement sleep and the consolidation of nonrapid eye movement sleep in Atx mice. CONCLUSIONS These substantial improvements in sleepiness and other symptoms of narcolepsy demonstrate the effectiveness of orexin gene therapy in a mouse model of narcolepsy. Additional work is needed to optimize this approach, but in time, AAV-orexin could become a useful therapeutic option for patients with narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Kantor
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stefan N. Lops
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brian Ko
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth Clain
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Erika Clark
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Mihoko Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas E. Scammell
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Kaeppel C, Beattie SG, Fronza R, van Logtenstein R, Salmon F, Schmidt S, Wolf S, Nowrouzi A, Glimm H, von Kalle C, Petry H, Gaudet D, Schmidt M. A largely random AAV integration profile after LPLD gene therapy. Nat Med 2013; 19:889-91. [PMID: 23770691 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of adeno-associated virus vectors (AAVs) is limited because of concerns about AAV integration-mediated tumorigenicity. We performed integration-site analysis after AAV1-LPL(S447X) intramuscular injection in five lipoprotein lipase-deficient subjects, revealing random nuclear integration and hotspots in mitochondria. We conclude that AAV integration is potentially safe and that vector breakage and integration may occur from each position of the vector genome. Future viral integration-site analyses should include the mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kaeppel
- National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Systemic delivery of tyrosine-mutant AAV vectors results in robust transduction of neurons in adult mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:974819. [PMID: 23762870 PMCID: PMC3671507 DOI: 10.1155/2013/974819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are powerful tools for both basic neuroscience experiments and clinical gene therapies for neurological diseases. Intravascularly administered self-complementary AAV9 vectors can cross the blood-brain barrier. However, AAV9 vectors are of limited usefulness because they mainly transduce astrocytes in adult animal brains and have restrictions on foreign DNA package sizes. In this study, we show that intracardiac injections of tyrosine-mutant pseudotype AAV9/3 vectors resulted in extensive and widespread transgene expression in the brains and spinal cords of adult mice. Furthermore, the usage of neuron-specific promoters achieved selective transduction of neurons. These results suggest that tyrosine-mutant AAV9/3 vectors may be effective vehicles for delivery of therapeutic genes, including miRNAs, into the brain and for treating diseases that affect broad areas of the central nervous system.
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Abstract
Gene therapy products for the treatment of genetic diseases are currently in clinical trials, and one of these, an adeno-associated viral (AAV) product, has recently been licensed. AAV vectors have achieved positive results in a number of clinical and preclinical settings, including hematologic disorders such as the hemophilias, Gaucher disease, hemochromatosis, and the porphyrias. Because AAV vectors are administered directly to the patient, the likelihood of a host immune response is high, as shown by human studies. Preexisting and/or recall responses to the wild-type virus from which the vector is engineered, or to the transgene product itself, can interfere with therapeutic efficacy if not identified and managed optimally. Small-scale clinical studies have enabled investigators to dissect the immune responses to the AAV vector capsid and to the transgene product, and to develop strategies to manage these responses to achieve long-term expression of the therapeutic gene. However, a comprehensive understanding of the determinants of immunogenicity of AAV vectors, and of potential associated toxicities, is still lacking. Careful immunosurveillance conducted as part of ongoing clinical studies will provide the basis for understanding the intricacies of the immune response in AAV-mediated gene transfer, facilitating safe and effective therapies for genetic diseases.
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Lee HH, O'Malley MJ, Friel NA, Payne KA, Qiao C, Xiao X, Chu CR. Persistence, localization, and external control of transgene expression after single injection of adeno-associated virus into injured joints. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:457-66. [PMID: 23496155 PMCID: PMC3631018 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A single intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) results in stable and controllable transgene expression in normal rat knees. Because undamaged joints are unlikely to require treatment, the study of AAV delivery in joint injury models is crucial to potential therapeutic applications. This study tests the hypotheses that persistent and controllable AAV-transgene expression are (1) highly localized to the cartilage when AAV is injected postinjury and (2) localized to the intra-articular soft tissues when AAV is injected preinjury. Two AAV injection time points, postinjury and preinjury, were investigated in osteochondral defect and anterior cruciate ligament transection models of joint injury. Rats injected with AAV tetracycline response element (TRE)-luciferase received oral doxycycline for 7 days. Luciferase expression was evaluated longitudinally for 6 months. Transgene expression was persistent and controllable with oral doxycycline for 6 months in all groups. However, the location of transgene expression was different: postinjury AAV-injected knees had luciferase expression highly localized to the cartilage, while preinjury AAV-injected knees had more widespread signal from intra-articular soft tissues. The differential transgene localization between preinjury and postinjury injection can be used to optimize treatment strategies. Highly localized postinjury injection appears advantageous for treatments targeting repair cells. The more generalized and controllable reservoir of transgene expression following AAV injection before anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) suggests an intriguing concept for prophylactic delivery of joint protective factors to individuals at high risk for early osteoarthritis (OA). Successful external control of intra-articular transgene expression provides an added margin of safety for these potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah H. Lee
- Cartilage Restoration Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15313
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15313
| | - Michael J. O'Malley
- Cartilage Restoration Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15313
| | - Nicole A. Friel
- Cartilage Restoration Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15313
| | - Karin A. Payne
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15313
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Chunping Qiao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Constance R. Chu
- Cartilage Restoration Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15313
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Aslanidi GV, Rivers AE, Ortiz L, Song L, Ling C, Govindasamy L, Van Vliet K, Tan M, Agbandje-McKenna M, Srivastava A. Optimization of the capsid of recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) vectors: the final threshold? PLoS One 2013; 8:e59142. [PMID: 23527116 PMCID: PMC3602601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays a critical role in the intracellular trafficking of AAV2 vectors, and phosphorylation of certain surface-exposed amino acid residues on the capsid provides the primary signal for ubiquitination. Removal of several critical tyrosine (Y) and serine (S) residues on the AAV2 capsid has been shown to significantly increase transduction efficiency compared with the wild-type (WT) vectors. In the present study, site-directed mutagenesis of each of the 17 surface-exposed threonine (T) residues was conducted, and the transduction efficiency of four of these mutants, T455V, T491V, T550V, and T659V, was observed to increase up to 4-fold in human HEK293 cells in vitro. The most critical Y, S, and T mutations were subsequently combined, and the quadruple-mutant (Y444+500+730F+T491V) AAV2 vector was identified as the most efficient. This vector increased the transduction efficiency ∼24-fold over the WT AAV2 vector, and ∼2-3-fold over the previously described triple-mutant (Y444+500+730F) vector in a murine hepatocyte cell line, H2.35, in vitro. Similar results were obtained in murine hepatocytes in vivo following tail vein injection of the Y444+500+730F+T491V scAAV2 vector, and whole-body bioluminescence imaging of C57BL/6 mice. The increase in the transduction efficiency of the Y-T quadruple-mutant over that of the Y triple-mutant correlated with an improved nuclear translocation of the vectors, which exceeded 90%. These observations suggest that further optimization of the AAV2 capsid by targeting amino acid residues involved in phosphorylation may not be possible. This study has thus led to the generation of a novel Y444+500+730F+T491V quadruple-mutant AAV2 vector with potential for use in liver-directed human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George V Aslanidi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
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Exploiting the Intron-splicing Mechanism of Insect Cells to Produce Viral Vectors Harboring Toxic Genes for Suicide Gene Therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012. [PMID: 23187456 PMCID: PMC3511675 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2012.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two mammalian introns, the human growth hormone intron and the Simian virus 40 large T antigen intron, were inserted into the coding sequences of diphtheria toxin fragment A (DT-A) and barnase (Bar), respectively, to disrupt their open-reading frames (ORFs). Expression of these two toxic proteins were totally abolished, which enabled the production of normal levels of recombinant baculoviral and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors in insect cells. When these viral vectors were introduced into mammalian cells, the introns were spliced out and the toxic proteins were expressed, which resulted in apoptosis in mammalian cells. This is the first report to show that viral vectors harboring toxin genes can be produced at normal levels by exploiting the intron-splicing mechanism of insect cells. Furthermore, viral vectors carrying the DT-A gene under control of tumor-specific promoters were able to exert tumor-specific cell killing. This novel method to produce viral vectors harboring toxic genes under control of tumor-specific promoter offers a powerful tool for further research, as well as for the development of toxin-based suicide gene therapy drugs.Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids (2012) 1, e57; doi:10.1038/mtna.2012.48; published online 27 November 2012.
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45
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Gruntman AM, Mueller C, Flotte TR, Gao G. Gene transfer in the lung using recombinant adeno-associated virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Chapter 14:Unit14D.2. [PMID: 22875566 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc14d02s26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small replication-deficient DNA virus belonging to the Parvovirinae family. It has a single-stranded ∼4.7-kb genome. Recombinant AAV (rAAV) is created by replacing the viral rep and cap genes with the transgene of interest along with promoter and polyadenylation sequences. The short viral inverted terminal repeats must remain intact for replication and packaging in production, as well as vector genome processing and persistence in the transduction process. The AAV capsid (serotype) determines the tissue tropism of the rAAV vector. In this unit we will discuss serotype selection for lung targeting along with the factors effecting efficient delivery of rAAV vectors to the murine lung. Detailed procedures for lung delivery (intranasal, orotracheal, and surgical tracheal injection), sample collection, and post-mortem tissue processing will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha M Gruntman
- Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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46
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Ploquin A, Szécsi J, Mathieu C, Guillaume V, Barateau V, Ong KC, Wong KT, Cosset FL, Horvat B, Salvetti A. Protection against henipavirus infection by use of recombinant adeno-associated virus-vector vaccines. J Infect Dis 2012; 207:469-78. [PMID: 23175762 PMCID: PMC7107322 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are closely related, recently emerged paramyxoviruses that are capable of causing considerable morbidity and mortality in several mammalian species, including humans. Henipavirus-specific vaccines are still commercially unavailable, and development of novel antiviral strategies to prevent lethal infections due to henipaviruses is highly desirable. Here we describe the development of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vaccines expressing the NiV G protein. Characterization of these vaccines in mice demonstrated that a single intramuscular AAV injection was sufficient to induce a potent and long-lasting antibody response. Translational studies in hamsters further demonstrated that all vaccinated animals were protected against lethal challenge with NiV. In addition, this vaccine induced a cross-protective immune response that was able to protect 50% of the animals against a challenge by HeV. This study presents a new efficient vaccination strategy against henipaviruses and opens novel perspectives on the use of AAV vectors as vaccines against emergent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ploquin
- INSERM U758, 2Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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47
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Wang Z, Lisowski L, Finegold MJ, Nakai H, Kay MA, Grompe M. AAV vectors containing rDNA homology display increased chromosomal integration and transgene persistence. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1902-11. [PMID: 22990673 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors are promising tools for gene therapy of genetic disorders, they remain mostly episomal and hence are lost during cell replication. For this reason, rAAV vectors capable of chromosomal integration would be desirable. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat sequences are overrepresented during random integration of rAAV. We therefore sought to enhance AAV integration frequency by including 28S rDNA homology arms into our vector design. A vector containing ~1 kb of homology on each side of a cDNA expression cassette for human fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) was constructed. rAAV of serotypes 2 and 8 were injected into Fah-deficient mice, a model for human tyrosinemia type 1. Integrated FAH transgenes are positively selected in this model and rDNA-containing AAV vectors had a ~30× higher integration frequency than controls. Integration by homologous recombination (HR) into the 28S rDNA locus was seen in multiple tissues. Furthermore, rDNA-containing AAV vectors for human factor IX (hFIX) demonstrated increased transgene persistence after liver regeneration. We conclude that rDNA containing AAV vectors may be superior to conventional vector design for the treatment of genetic diseases, especially those associated with increased hepatocyte replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongya Wang
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
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48
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Lerch TF, O’Donnell JK, Meyer NL, Xie Q, Taylor KA, Stagg SM, Chapman MS. Structure of AAV-DJ, a retargeted gene therapy vector: cryo-electron microscopy at 4.5 Å resolution. Structure 2012; 20:1310-20. [PMID: 22727812 PMCID: PMC3418430 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AAV-DJ, a leading candidate vector for liver gene therapy, was created through random homologous recombination followed by directed evolution, selecting for in vivo liver tropism and resistance to in vitro immune neutralization. Here, the 4.5 Å resolution cryo-EM structure is determined for the engineered AAV vector, revealing structural features that illuminate its phenotype. The heparan sulfate receptor-binding site is little changed from AAV-2, and heparin-binding affinity is similar. A loop that is antigenic in other serotypes has a unique conformation in AAV-DJ that would conflict with the binding of an AAV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody. This is consistent with increased resistance to neutralization by human polyclonal sera, raising the possibility that changed tropism may be a secondary effect of altered immune interactions. The reconstruction exemplifies analysis of fine structural changes and the potential of cryo-EM, in favorable cases, to characterize mutant or ligand-bound complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Lerch
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jason K. O’Donnell
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Nancy L. Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Taylor
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Scott M. Stagg
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Michael S. Chapman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Abstract
Despite the first application of gene therapy in 1990, gene therapy has until recently failed to meet the huge expectations set forth by researchers, clinicians, and patients, thus dampening enthusiasm for an imminent cure for many life-threatening genetic diseases. Nonetheless, in recent years we have witnessed a strong comeback for gene therapy, with clinical successes in young and adult subjects suffering from inherited forms of blindness or from X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease. In this review, various gene therapy vectors progressing into clinical development and pivotal advances in gene therapy trials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Limberis
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA.
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