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Xiong S, He J, Qiu H, van Gestel CAM, He E, Qiao Z, Cao L, Li J, Chen G. Maternal exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics causes defective retinal development and function in progeny mice by disturbing metabolic profiles. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141513. [PMID: 38387657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are widely spreading in our living environment, accumulating in the human body and potentially threating human health. The retina, which is a terminally differentiated extension of the central nervous system, is essential for the visual system. However, the effects and molecular mechanisms of MPs/NPs on retina development and function are still unclear. Here, we investigated the effects and modes of action of polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) on the retina using mice as a mammalian model species. Maternal PS-NP exposure (100 nm) at an environmentally realistic concentration of 10 mg L-1 (or 2.07 *1010 particles mL-1) via drinking water from the first day of pregnancy till the end of lactation (21 days after birth) caused defective neural retinal development in the neonatal mice, by depositing in the retinal tissue and reducing the number of retinal ganglion cells and bipolar cells. Exposure to PS-NPs retarded retinal vascular development, while abnormal electroretinogram (ERG) responses and an increased level of oxidative stress were also observed in the retina of the progeny mice after maternal PS-NP exposure. Metabolomics showed significant dysregulation of amino acids that are pivotal to neuron retinal function, such as glutamate, aspartate, alanine, glycine, serine, threonine, taurine, and serotonin. Transcriptomics identified significantly dysregulated genes, which were enriched in processes of angiogenesis, visual system development and lens development. Regulatory analysis showed that Fos gene mediated pathways could be a potential key target for PS-NP exposure in retinal development and function. Our study revealed that maternal exposure to PS-NPs generated detrimental effects on retinal development and function in progeny mice, offering new insights into the visual toxicity of PS-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jincan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - ErKai He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhengdong Qiao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai International Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guangquan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201204, China.
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Haq W, Zrenner E, Ueffing M, Paquet-Durand F. Using Micro-Electrode-Array Recordings and Retinal Disease Models to Elucidate Visual Functions: Simultaneous Recording of Local Electroretinograms and Ganglion Cell Action Potentials Reveals the Origin of Retinal Oscillatory Potentials. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:725. [PMID: 37370656 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The electroretinogram (ERG) is an essential diagnostic tool for visual function, both in clinical and research settings. Here, we establish an advanced in vitro approach to assess cell-type-specific ERG signal components. METHODS Retinal explant cultures, maintained under entirely controlled conditions, were derived from wild-type mice and rd10 rod- and cpfl1 cone-degeneration mouse models. Local micro-ERG (µERG) and simultaneous ganglion cell (GC) recordings were obtained from the retinal explants using multi-electrode arrays. Band-pass filtering was employed to distinguish photoreceptor, bipolar cell, amacrine cell (AC), and GC responses. RESULTS Scotopic and photopic stimulation discriminated between rod and cone responses in wild-type and mutant retina. The 25 kHz sampling rate allowed the visualization of oscillatory potentials (OPs) in extraordinary detail, revealing temporal correlations between OPs and GC responses. Pharmacological isolation of different retinal circuits found that OPs are generated by inner retinal AC electrical synapses. Importantly, this AC activity helped synchronise GC activity. CONCLUSION Our µERG protocol simultaneously records the light-dependent activities of the first-, second-, and third-order neurons within the native neuronal circuitry, providing unprecedented insights into retinal physiology and pathophysiology. This method now also enables complete in vitro retinal function testing of therapeutic interventions, providing critical guidance for later in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadood Haq
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - François Paquet-Durand
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Inhibition of the MAPK/c-Jun-EGR1 Pathway Decreases Photoreceptor Cell Death in the rd1 Mouse Model for Inherited Retinal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314600. [PMID: 36498926 PMCID: PMC9740268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal dystrophies that typically results in photoreceptor cell death and vision loss. Here, we explored the effect of early growth response-1 (EGR1) expression on photoreceptor cell death in Pde6brd1 (rd1) mice and its mechanism of action. To this end, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) was used to identify differentially expressed genes in rd1 and congenic wild-type (WT) mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and western blotting were used to verify the relationship between EGR1 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1). Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess PARP1 expression after silencing or overexpression of EGR1. Photoreceptor cell death was assessed using the TUNEL assay following silencing/overexpression of EGR1 or administration of MAPK/c-Jun pathway inhibitors tanzisertib and PD98059. Our results showed differential expression of ERG1 in rd1 and WT mice via scRNA-seq analysis. The ChIP assay demonstrated EGR1 binding to the PARP1 promoter region. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and western blotting results revealed that EGR1 upregulated PARP1 expression. Additionally, the TUNEL assay showed that silencing EGR1 effectively reduced photoreceptor cell death. Similarly, the addition of tanzisertib and PD98059 reduced the expression of c-Jun and EGR1 and decreased photoreceptor cell death. Our study revealed that inhibition of the MAPK/c-Jun pathway reduced the expression of EGR1 and PARP1 and prevented photoreceptor cell death. These results highlight the importance of EGR1 for photoreceptor cell death and identify a new avenue for therapeutic interventions in RP.
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mTORC1 Activation in Chx10-Specific Tsc1 Knockout Mice Accelerates Retina Aging and Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6715758. [PMID: 34777691 PMCID: PMC8589503 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6715758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated decline in retina function is largely responsible for the irreversible vision deterioration in the elderly population. It is also an important risk factor for the development of degenerative and angiogenic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the process of aging in the retina remain largely elusive. This study investigated the role of mTORC1 signaling in aging of the retina. We showed that mTORC1 was activated in old-aged retina, particularly in the ganglion cells. The role of mTORC1 activation was further investigated in Chx10-Cre;Tsc1fx/fx mouse (Tsc1-cKO). Activation of mTORC1 was found in bipolar and some of the ganglion and amacrine cells in the adult Tsc1-cKO retina. Bipolar cell hypertrophy and Müller gliosis were observed in Tsc1-cKO since 6 weeks of age. The abnormal endings of bipolar cell dendritic tips at the outer nuclear layer resembled that of the old-aged mice. Microglial cell activation became evident in 6-week-old Tsc1-cKO. At 5 months, the Tsc1-cKO mice exhibited advanced features of old-aged retina, including the expression of p16Ink4a and p21, expression of SA-β-gal in ganglion cells, decreased photoreceptor cell numbers, decreased electroretinogram responses, increased oxidative stress, microglial cell activation, and increased expression of immune and inflammatory genes. Inhibition of microglial cells by minocycline partially prevented photoreceptor cell loss and restored the electroretinogram responses. Collectively, our study showed that the activation of mTORC1 signaling accelerated aging of the retina by both cell autonomous and nonautonomous mechanisms. Our study also highlighted the role of microglia cells in driving the decline in retina function.
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Cwerman-Thibault H, Lechauve C, Malko-Baverel V, Augustin S, Le Guilloux G, Reboussin É, Degardin-Chicaud J, Simonutti M, Debeir T, Corral-Debrinski M. Neuroglobin effectively halts vision loss in Harlequin mice at an advanced stage of optic nerve degeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105483. [PMID: 34400304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are among the most prevalent groups of inherited neurological disorders, affecting up to 1 in 5000 adults. Despite the progress achieved on the identification of gene mutations causing mitochondrial pathologies, they cannot be cured so far. Harlequin mice, a relevant model of mitochondrial pathology due to apoptosis inducing factor depletion, suffer from progressive disappearance of retinal ganglion cells leading to optic neuropathy. In our previous work, we showed that administering adeno-associated virus encompassing the coding sequences for neuroglobin, (a neuroprotective molecule belonging to the globin family) or apoptosis-inducing factor, before neurodegeneration onset, prevented retinal ganglion cell loss and preserved visual function. One of the challenges to develop an effective treatment for optic neuropathies is to consider that by the time patients become aware of their handicap, a large amount of nerve fibers has already disappeared. Gene therapy was performed in Harlequin mice aged between 4 and 5 months with either a neuroglobin or an apoptosis-inducing factor vector to determine whether the increased abundance of either one of these proteins in retinas could preserve visual function at this advanced stage of the disease. We demonstrated that gene therapy, by preserving the connectivity of transduced retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve bioenergetics, results in the enhancement of visual cortex activity, ultimately rescuing visual impairment. This study demonstrates that: (a) An increased abundance of neuroglobin functionally overcomes apoptosis-inducing factor absence in Harlequin mouse retinas at a late stage of neuronal degeneration; (b) The beneficial effect for visual function could be mediated by neuroglobin localization to the mitochondria, thus contributing to the maintenance of the organelle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Lechauve
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Sébastien Augustin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Élodie Reboussin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Manuel Simonutti
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
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Abstract
Malaria is a causative factor in about 500.000 deaths each year world-wide. Cerebral malaria is a particularly severe complication of this disease and thus associated with an exceedingly high mortality. Malaria retinopathy is an ocular manifestation often associated with cerebral malaria, and presumably shares a substantial part of its pathophysiology. Here, we describe that indeed murine malaria retinopathy reproduced the main hallmarks of the corresponding human disease. In the living animal, we were able to follow the circulation and cellular localization of malaria parasites transgenically labelled with GFP via non-invasive in vivo retinal imaging. We found that malaria parasites cross the blood-retinal-barrier and infiltrate the neuroretina, concomitant with an extensive, irreversible, and long-lasting retinal neurodegeneration. Furthermore, anti-malarial treatment with dihydroartemisinin strongly diminished the load of circulating parasites but resolved the symptoms of the retinopathy only in part. In summary, we introduce here a novel preclinical model for human cerebral malaria that is much more directly accessible for studies into disease pathophysiology and development of novel treatment approaches. In vivo retinal imaging may furthermore serve as a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of the human disease.
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Abstract
Full-field electroretinography (ERG) belongs to the gold-standard of electrophysiological test systems in ophthalmology and reflects the sum response of the entire retina to light stimulation. The assessment of the retinal function is a fundamental diagnostic technique not only in the clinical ophthalmology it is also indispensable in the ophthalmic research, in particular, in therapeutic approaches where the in vivo follow up of the benefit after treatment is absolutely necessary. Several current therapeutic approaches have demonstrated long-lasting amelioration in respective disease models and show promise for a successful translation to human patients. In this chapter we provide electroretinography protocols of experimental data which may serve as informative features for upcoming gene therapeutic approaches and clinical trials.
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Abstract
Electroretinography is a crucial assay for studying the function and the functional integrity of the retina. The mouse is an important animal model for studying the retinal neurons and circuitries. In addition, it is often used as animal model for human retinal disorders. Therefore, a good understanding of the procedures in animal handling, of the methods for data analysis and of the requirements for stimulators and for the data acquisition equipment is of importance. Here, the currently most common methods and materials for in vivo electroretinography in the mouse are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kremers
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Naoyuki Tanimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
Genetic mouse models mimicking human diseases have been developed and utilized for retinal research in various topics, involving anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and pathology. The main reasons why mouse models are important for retinal research include that rodents share a key retinal homology with humans and that genetic manipulation is relatively easily applicable for mice. Here, we describe genetic mouse models, which are categorized with functions in the retina and relationship with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tadao Maeda
- Research Division, Kobe Research Institute, HEALIOS K.K., Kobe, Japan.
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Schön C, Sothilingam V, Mühlfriedel R, Garcia Garrido M, Beck SC, Tanimoto N, Wissinger B, Paquet-Durand F, Biel M, Michalakis S, Seeliger MW. Gene Therapy Successfully Delays Degeneration in a Mouse Model of PDE6A-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP43). Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:1180-1188. [PMID: 29212391 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa type 43 (RP43) is a blinding disease caused by mutations in the gene for rod phosphodiesterase 6 alpha (PDE6A). The disease process begins with a dysfunction of rod photoreceptors, subsequently followed by a currently untreatable progressive degeneration of the entire outer retina. Aiming at a curative approach via PDE6A gene supplementation, a novel adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector was developed for expression of the human PDE6A cDNA under control of the human rhodopsin promotor (rAAV8.PDE6A). This study assessed the therapeutic efficacy of rAAV8.PDE6A in the Pde6anmf363/nmf363-mutant mouse model of RP43. All mice included in this study were treated with sub-retinal injections of the vector at 2 weeks after birth. The therapeutic effect was monitored at 1 month and 6 months post injection. Biological function of the transgene was assessed in vivo by means of electroretinography. The degree of morphological rescue was investigated both in vivo using optical coherence tomography and ex vivo by immunohistological staining. It was found that the novel rAAV8.PDE6A vector resulted in a stable and efficient expression of PDE6A protein in rod photoreceptors of Pde6anmf363/nmf363 mice following treatment at both the short- and long-term time points. The treatment led to a substantial morphological preservation of outer nuclear layer thickness, rod outer segment structure, and prolonged survival of cone photoreceptors for at least 6 months. Additionally, the ERG analysis confirmed a restoration of retinal function in a group of treated mice. Taken together, this study provides successful proof-of-concept for the cross-species efficacy of the rAAV8.PDE6A vector developed for use in human patients. Importantly, the data show stable expression and rescue effects for a prolonged period of time, raising hope for future translational studies based on this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schön
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CiPSM at the Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Regine Mühlfriedel
- Divisions of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marina Garcia Garrido
- Divisions of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanne C Beck
- Divisions of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Naoyuki Tanimoto
- Divisions of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - François Paquet-Durand
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CiPSM at the Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stylianos Michalakis
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CiPSM at the Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias W Seeliger
- Divisions of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
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Beck SC, Feng Y, Sothilingam V, Garcia Garrido M, Tanimoto N, Acar N, Shan S, Seebauer B, Berger W, Hammes HP, Seeliger MW. Long-term consequences of developmental vascular defects on retinal vessel homeostasis and function in a mouse model of Norrie disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178753. [PMID: 28575130 PMCID: PMC5456345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of Norrin signalling due to mutations in the Norrie disease pseudoglioma gene causes severe vascular defects in the retina, leading to visual impairment and ultimately blindness. While the emphasis of experimental work so far was on the developmental period, we focus here on disease mechanisms that induce progression into severe adult disease. The goal of this study was the comprehensive analysis of the long-term effects of the absence of Norrin on vascular homeostasis and retinal function. In a mouse model of Norrie disease retinal vascular morphology and integrity were studied by means of in vivo angiography; the vascular constituents were assessed in detailed histological analyses using quantitative retinal morphometry. Finally, electroretinographic analyses were performed to assess the retinal function in adult Norrin deficient animals. We could show that the primary developmental defects not only persisted but developed into further vascular abnormalities and microangiopathies. In particular, the overall vessel homeostasis, the vascular integrity, and also the cellular constituents of the vascular wall were affected in the adult Norrin deficient retina. Moreover, functional analyses indicated to persistent hypoxia in the neural retina which was suggested as one of the major driving forces of disease progression. In summary, our data provide evidence that the key to adult Norrie disease are ongoing vascular modifications, driven by the persistent hypoxic conditions, which are ineffective to compensate for the primary Norrin-dependent defects.
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MESH Headings
- Angiography
- Animals
- Blindness/congenital
- Blindness/diagnostic imaging
- Blindness/genetics
- Blindness/pathology
- Capillaries/pathology
- Cell Hypoxia
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Electroretinography
- Eye Proteins/genetics
- Eye Proteins/physiology
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/diagnostic imaging
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/pathology
- Lasers
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/etiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Nervous System Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Nervous System Diseases/genetics
- Nervous System Diseases/pathology
- Ophthalmoscopy/methods
- Retinal Degeneration
- Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging
- Retinal Vessels/pathology
- Spasms, Infantile/diagnostic imaging
- Spasms, Infantile/genetics
- Spasms, Infantile/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C. Beck
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuxi Feng
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vithiyanjali Sothilingam
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marina Garcia Garrido
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Naoyuki Tanimoto
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Shenliang Shan
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Britta Seebauer
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias W. Seeliger
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany
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Cwerman-Thibault H, Lechauve C, Augustin S, Roussel D, Reboussin É, Mohammad A, Degardin-Chicaud J, Simonutti M, Liang H, Brignole-Baudouin F, Maron A, Debeir T, Corral-Debrinski M. Neuroglobin Can Prevent or Reverse Glaucomatous Progression in DBA/2J Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 5:200-220. [PMID: 28540323 PMCID: PMC5430497 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is responsible for hereditary optic neuropathies. We wished to determine whether preserving mitochondrial bioenergetics could prevent optic neuropathy in a reliable model of glaucoma. DBA/2J mice exhibit elevated intraocular pressure, progressive degeneration of their retinal ganglion cells, and optic neuropathy that resembles glaucoma. We established that glaucoma in these mice is directly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction: respiratory chain activity was compromised in optic nerves 5 months before neuronal loss began, and the amounts of some mitochondrial proteins were reduced in retinas of glaucomatous mice. One of these proteins is neuroglobin, which has a neuroprotective function. Therefore, we investigated whether gene therapy aimed at restoring neuroglobin levels in the retina via ocular administration of an adeno-associated viral vector could reduce neuronal degeneration. The approach of treating 2-month-old mice impeded glaucoma development: few neurons died and respiratory chain activity and visual cortex activity were comparable to those in young, asymptomatic mice. When the treatment was performed in 8-month-old mice, the surviving neurons acquired new morphologic and functional properties, leading to the preservation of visual cortex activity and respiratory chain activity. The beneficial effects of neuroglobin in DBA/2J retinas confirm this protein to be a promising candidate for treating glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Cwerman-Thibault
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lechauve
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sébastien Augustin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Roussel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Élodie Reboussin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Ammara Mohammad
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
- Genomic Paris Centre, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole normale supérieure, 46 rue d’Ulm, 75230 Paris, France
| | - Julie Degardin-Chicaud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Manuel Simonutti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Hong Liang
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC, 28 rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Anne Maron
- Sanofi-Aventis, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Thomas Debeir
- Departments of Evaluation and Expertise Strategy, Science Policy and External Innovation, Sanofi, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Marisol Corral-Debrinski
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
- Corresponding author: Marisol Corral-Debrinski, PROTECT, INSERM (UMR1141), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
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Tanimoto N, Akula JD, Fulton AB, Weber BHF, Seeliger MW. Differentiation of murine models of “negative ERG” by single and repetitive light stimuli. Doc Ophthalmol 2016; 132:101-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10633-016-9534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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HCN1 Channels Enhance Rod System Responsivity in the Retina under Conditions of Light Exposure. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147728. [PMID: 26807953 PMCID: PMC4725747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vision originates in rods and cones at the outer retina. Already at these early stages, diverse processing schemes shape and enhance image information to permit perception over a wide range of lighting conditions. In this work, we address the role of hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels 1 (HCN1) in rod photoreceptors for the enhancement of rod system responsivity under conditions of light exposure. Methods To isolate HCN1 channel actions in rod system responses, we generated double mutant mice by crossbreeding Hcn1-/- mice with Cnga3-/- mice in which cones are non-functional. Retinal function in the resulting Hcn1-/-Cnga3-/- animals was followed by means of electroretinography (ERG) up to the age of four month. Retinal imaging via scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) was also performed to exclude potential morphological alterations. Results This study on Hcn1-/-Cnga3-/- mutant mice complements our previous work on HCN1 channel function in the retina. We show here in a functional rod-only setting that rod responses following bright light exposure terminate without the counteraction of HCN channels much later than normal. The resulting sustained signal elevation does saturate the retinal network due to an intensity-dependent reduction in the dynamic range. In addition, the lack of rapid adaptational feedback modulation of rod photoreceptor output via HCN1 in this double mutant limits the ability to follow repetitive (flicker) stimuli, particularly under mesopic conditions. Conclusions This work corroborates the hypothesis that, in the absence of HCN1-mediated feedback, the amplitude of rod signals remains at high levels for a prolonged period of time, leading to saturation of the retinal pathways. Our results demonstrate the importance of HCN1 channels for regular vision.
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In-Depth Functional Diagnostics of Mouse Models by Single-Flash and Flicker Electroretinograms without Adapting Background Illumination. RETINAL DEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2016; 854:619-25. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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16
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Wunderlich KA, Tanimoto N, Grosche A, Zrenner E, Pekny M, Reichenbach A, Seeliger MW, Pannicke T, Perez MT. Retinal functional alterations in mice lacking intermediate filament proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. FASEB J 2015; 29:4815-28. [PMID: 26251181 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin (Vim) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are important components of the intermediate filament (IF) (or nanofilament) system of astroglial cells. We conducted full-field electroretinogram (ERG) recordings and found that whereas photoreceptor responses (a-wave) were normal in uninjured GFAP(-/-)Vim(-/-) mice, b-wave amplitudes were increased. Moreover, we found that Kir (inward rectifier K(+)) channel protein expression was reduced in the retinas of GFAP(-/-)Vim(-/-) mice and that Kir-mediated current amplitudes were lower in Müller glial cells isolated from these mice. Studies have shown that the IF system, in addition, is involved in the retinal response to injury and that attenuated Müller cell reactivity and reduced photoreceptor cell loss are observed in IF-deficient mice after experimental retinal detachment. We investigated whether the lack of IF proteins would affect cell survival in a retinal ischemia-reperfusion model. We found that although cell loss was induced in both genotypes, the number of surviving cells in the inner retina was lower in IF-deficient mice. Our findings thus show that the inability to produce GFAP and Vim affects normal retinal physiology and that the effect of IF deficiency on retinal cell survival differs, depending on the underlying pathologic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Wunderlich
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Naoyuki Tanimoto
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Milos Pekny
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias W Seeliger
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria-Thereza Perez
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Tanimoto N, Sothilingam V, Kondo M, Biel M, Humphries P, Seeliger MW. Electroretinographic assessment of rod- and cone-mediated bipolar cell pathways using flicker stimuli in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10731. [PMID: 26029863 PMCID: PMC5377071 DOI: 10.1038/srep10731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) are dominated by responses of photoreceptors and depolarizing (ON-) bipolar cells, but not much of hyperpolarizing (OFF-) bipolar cells under conventional recording conditions. Here we investigate a novel ERG protocol in mice for functional assessment of the major ON- and OFF-bipolar cell pathways using flicker stimuli for a high luminance with varying frequency up to 30 Hz. Wild-type (WT) and functionally specific transgenic mice (Cnga3-/-, no cone photoreceptor function; rho-/-, no rod photoreceptor function; mGluR6-/-, no ON-bipolar cell function) were examined. The Cnga3-/- flicker ERG was similar to the WT flicker ERG at very low stimulus frequencies, whereas ERGs were comparable between WT and rho-/- mice at 5 Hz and above. Between 5 and 15 Hz, ERGs in mGluR6-/- mice differed in configuration and amplitude from those in WT and rho-/- mice; in contrast, response amplitudes above 15 Hz were comparable among WT, rho-/- and mGluR6-/- mice. In summary, we found three frequency ranges with these conditions that are dominated by activity in the rod pathways (below 5 Hz), cone ON-pathway (between 5 and 15 Hz), and cone OFF-pathway (above 15 Hz) that enables a quick overview of the functionality of the major bipolar cell pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Tanimoto
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Schleichstr. 4/3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vithiyanjali Sothilingam
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Schleichstr. 4/3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mineo Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-175 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Martin Biel
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, CIPSM and Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Peter Humphries
- The Ocular Genetics Unit, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias W Seeliger
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Schleichstr. 4/3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Kohl S, Zobor D, Chiang WC, Weisschuh N, Staller J, Gonzalez Menendez I, Chang S, Beck SC, Garcia Garrido M, Sothilingam V, Seeliger MW, Stanzial F, Benedicenti F, Inzana F, Héon E, Vincent A, Beis J, Strom TM, Rudolph G, Roosing S, Hollander AID, Cremers FPM, Lopez I, Ren H, Moore AT, Webster AR, Michaelides M, Koenekoop RK, Zrenner E, Kaufman RJ, Tsang SH, Wissinger B, Lin JH. Mutations in the unfolded protein response regulator ATF6 cause the cone dysfunction disorder achromatopsia. Nat Genet 2015; 47:757-65. [PMID: 26029869 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Achromatopsia (ACHM) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by color blindness, photophobia, nystagmus and severely reduced visual acuity. Using homozygosity mapping and whole-exome and candidate gene sequencing, we identified ten families carrying six homozygous and two compound-heterozygous mutations in the ATF6 gene (encoding activating transcription factor 6A), a key regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Patients had evidence of foveal hypoplasia and disruption of the cone photoreceptor layer. The ACHM-associated ATF6 mutations attenuate ATF6 transcriptional activity in response to ER stress. Atf6(-/-) mice have normal retinal morphology and function at a young age but develop rod and cone dysfunction with increasing age. This new ACHM-related gene suggests a crucial and unexpected role for ATF6A in human foveal development and cone function and adds to the list of genes that, despite ubiquitous expression, when mutated can result in an isolated retinal photoreceptor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ditta Zobor
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wei-Chieh Chiang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Staller
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irene Gonzalez Menendez
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stanley Chang
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. [2] Edward Harkness Eye Institute, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susanne C Beck
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina Garcia Garrido
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vithiyanjali Sothilingam
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias W Seeliger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franco Stanzial
- Clinical Genetics Service, Regional Hospital Bozen, Bozen, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Inzana
- Clinical Genetics Service, Regional Hospital Bozen, Bozen, Italy
| | - Elise Héon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Programme of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Programme of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill Beis
- Medical Genetics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tim M Strom
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. [2] Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Günther Rudolph
- University Eye Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. [2] Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irma Lopez
- McGill Ocular Genetics Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Huanan Ren
- McGill Ocular Genetics Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anthony T Moore
- 1] University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK. [2] Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK. [3] Ophthalmology Department, University of California San Francisco Medical School, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew R Webster
- 1] University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK. [2] Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- 1] University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK. [2] Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert K Koenekoop
- McGill Ocular Genetics Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- 1] Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. [2] Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. [2] Jonas Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. [3] Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. [4] Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. [5] Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- 1] Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Brennenstuhl C, Tanimoto N, Burkard M, Wagner R, Bolz S, Trifunovic D, Kabagema-Bilan C, Paquet-Durand F, Beck SC, Huber G, Seeliger MW, Ruth P, Wissinger B, Lukowski R. Targeted ablation of the Pde6h gene in mice reveals cross-species differences in cone and rod phototransduction protein isoform inventory. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10242-55. [PMID: 25739440 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.611921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-6 (PDE6) is a multisubunit enzyme that plays a key role in the visual transduction cascade in rod and cone photoreceptors. Each type of photoreceptor utilizes discrete catalytic and inhibitory PDE6 subunits to fulfill its physiological tasks, i.e. the degradation of cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate at specifically tuned rates and kinetics. Recently, the human PDE6H gene was identified as a novel locus for autosomal recessive (incomplete) color blindness. However, the three different classes of cones were not affected to the same extent. Short wave cone function was more preserved than middle and long wave cone function indicating that some basic regulation of the PDE6 multisubunit enzyme was maintained albeit by a unknown mechanism. To study normal and disease-related functions of cone Pde6h in vivo, we generated Pde6h knock-out (Pde6h(-/-)) mice. Expression of PDE6H in murine eyes was restricted to both outer segments and synaptic terminals of short and long/middle cone photoreceptors, whereas Pde6h(-/-) retinae remained PDE6H-negative. Combined in vivo assessment of retinal morphology with histomorphological analyses revealed a normal overall integrity of the retinal organization and an unaltered distribution of the different cone photoreceptor subtypes upon Pde6h ablation. In contrast to human patients, our electroretinographic examinations of Pde6h(-/-) mice suggest no defects in cone/rod-driven retinal signaling and therefore preserved visual functions. To this end, we were able to demonstrate the presence of rod PDE6G in cones indicating functional substitution of PDE6. The disparities between human and murine phenotypes caused by mutant Pde6h/PDE6H suggest species-to-species differences in the vulnerability of biochemical and neurosensory pathways of the visual signal transduction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brennenstuhl
- From the Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy
| | | | - Markus Burkard
- From the Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy
| | - Rebecca Wagner
- From the Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy
| | | | | | - Clement Kabagema-Bilan
- From the Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Ruth
- From the Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- From the Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy,
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Knockout of PARG110 confers resistance to cGMP-induced toxicity in mammalian photoreceptors. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1234. [PMID: 24853412 PMCID: PMC4047865 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary retinal degeneration (RD) relates to a heterogeneous group of blinding human diseases in which the light sensitive neurons of the retina, the photoreceptors, die. RD is currently untreatable and the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. However, the activity of the enzyme poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) and excessive generation of poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) polymers in photoreceptor nuclei have been shown to be causally involved in RD. The activity of PARP1 is to a large extent governed by its functional antagonist, poly-ADP-glycohydrolase (PARG), which thus also may have a role in RD. To investigate this, we analyzed PARG expression in the retina of wild-type (wt) mice and in the rd1 mouse model for human RD, and detected increased PARG protein in a subset of degenerating rd1 photoreceptors. Knockout (KO) animals lacking the 110 kDa nuclear PARG isoform were furthermore analyzed, and their retinal morphology and function were indistinguishable from wild-type animals. Organotypic wt retinal explants can be experimentally treated to induce rd1-like photoreceptor death, but PARG110 KO retinal explants were unexpectedly highly resistant to such treatment. The resistance was associated with decreased PAR accumulation and low PARP activity, indicating that PARG110 may positively regulate PARP1, an event that therefore is absent in PARG110 KO tissue. Our study demonstrates a causal involvement of PARG110 in the process of photoreceptor degeneration. Contrasting its anticipated role as a functional antagonist, absence of PARG110 correlated with low PARP activity, suggesting that PARG110 and PARP1 act in a positive feedback loop, which is especially active under pathologic conditions. This in turn highlights both PARG110 and PARP1 as potential targets for neuroprotective treatments for RD.
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