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Li F, Qiu F, Fan X, Yu Q, Liu S, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Xi X, Du B. Expression of CD44 is regulated by ELF3 in 5-FU treated colorectal cancer cells. Gene 2024; 892:147896. [PMID: 37832805 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was usually thought to be inevitable as a result of continuing exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within CRC tissues was recently suggested to play importance roles for this process. In this study, in order to mimic a dose schedule used in clinic (continuous infusion), low dose of fluorouracil (IC10 of 5-FU) was used to treat CRC cells. Our results showed that the expression of CD44, including some other CSCs markers were all increased after 5-FU treatment. The stemness properties of survived CRC cells were also observed to be enhanced. RNA-seq analysis revealed that ELF3, one of the members of ETS (E26 transformation-specific) transcription activator family, was increased along with CD44 after 5-FU treatment of CRC cells. Results from dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that the transcription of CD44 could be activated by ELF3 in CRC cells. The induced CD44 expression in 5-FU treated CRC cells could also be decreased after the expression of ELF3 was inhibited. Moreover, it could be observed that the expression of ELF3 is significantly higher in CD44+ CRC cells. Taken together, our results suggested that CD44 expression might be regulated by ELF3 and could be induced after 5-FU treatment of CRC cells. Inhibition of ELF3 might be a promising treatment method when it was used in combination with chemotherapeutics to overcome chemoresistance formation during CRC treatment in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Fen Qiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xu Fan
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Shuaitong Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yunhe Zhu
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Xueyan Xi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Boyu Du
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
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2
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Zhu M, Yu R, Liu Y, Geng X, Liu Q, Liu S, Zhu Y, Li G, Guo Y, Xi X, Du B. LncRNA H19 Participates in Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Mediated Stemness Promotion in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10627-y. [PMID: 38198021 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common human malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were considered to play important roles in the genesis and development of many tumors. In recent years, it has been observed that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) might be involved in the regulation of stemness in cancer cells. In this study, we observed that LIF could increase the spheroid formation and stemness marker expression (inculding Nanog and SOX2) in CRC cell lines, such as HCT116 and Caco2 cells. Meanwhile, we also observed that LIF could upregulate LncRNA H19 expression via PI3K/AKT pathway. Knockdown of the expression of LncRNA H19 could decrease the spheroid formation and SOX2 expression in LIF-treated HCT116 and Caco2 cells, and thereby LncRNA H19 knockdown could compensate for the stemness enhancement effects induced by LIF. Our results indicated that LncRNA H19 might participate in the stemness promotion of LIF in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yirui Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Geng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Shuaitong Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhe Zhu
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Li
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xueyan Xi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Boyu Du
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
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3
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Mouti MA, Deng S, Pook M, Malzahn J, Rendek A, Militi S, Nibhani R, Soonawalla Z, Oppermann U, Hwang CI, Pauklin S. KMT2A associates with PHF5A-PHF14-HMG20A-RAI1 subcomplex in pancreatic cancer stem cells and epigenetically regulates their characteristics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5685. [PMID: 37709746 PMCID: PMC10502114 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), one of the most aggressive and life-threatening human malignancies, is known for its resistance to cytotoxic therapies. This is increasingly ascribed to the subpopulation of undifferentiated cells, known as pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which display greater evolutionary fitness than other tumor cells to evade the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. PCSCs are crucial for tumor relapse as they possess 'stem cell-like' features that are characterized by self-renewal and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms that maintain the unique characteristics of PCSCs are poorly understood. Here, we identify the histone methyltransferase KMT2A as a physical binding partner of an RNA polymerase-associated PHF5A-PHF14-HMG20A-RAI1 protein subcomplex and an epigenetic regulator of PCSC properties and functions. Targeting the protein subcomplex in PCSCs with a KMT2A-WDR5 inhibitor attenuates their self-renewal capacity, cell viability, and in vivo tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Abdel Mouti
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Siwei Deng
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Pook
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jessica Malzahn
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aniko Rendek
- Department of Histopathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefania Militi
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Reshma Nibhani
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zahir Soonawalla
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS, Oxford, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang-Il Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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4
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CRISPR screening in cancer stem cells. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:305-318. [PMID: 35713228 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells with self-renewal ability. Increasing evidence points to the critical roles of CSCs in tumorigenesis, metastasis, therapy resistance, and cancer relapse. As such, the elimination of CSCs improves cancer treatment outcomes. However, challenges remain due to limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing self-renewal and survival of CSCs. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 screening has been increasingly used to identify genetic determinants in cancers. In this primer, we discuss the progress made and emerging opportunities of coupling advanced CRISPR screening systems with CSC models to reveal the understudied vulnerabilities of CSCs.
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5
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Zhu Y, Fu F, Wang Z, Qiu F, Deng T, Du B, Zhu Y, Xi X. Polyphyllin VII is a Potential Drug Targeting CD44 Positive Colon Cancer Cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:426-435. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220304110222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Current therapies for colon cancer are hindered by treatment failure and recurrence mainly due to colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, treatment using drugs targeting CSCs should be effective in eliminating colon cancer cells and impeding cancer recurrence.
Objective:
To test if PPVII can a potent drug candidate for the treatment of colon cancer by targeting CD44 positive colon cancer cells.
Methods:
In this study, we first demonstrated that CD44 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues by TCGA/GTEX database analysis and immunohistochemical staining.
Results:
In this study, we first demonstrated that CD44 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues by TCGA/GTEX database analysis. CD44 had high accuracy as a diagnostic and predictive index for colorectal cancer through Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. At the same time, survival curve analysis also showed that the high expression of CD44 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with colon cancer. CD44 higher expression in colon cancer tissues was further confirmed by immunohistochemical staining, the positive rate of CD44 expression was 87.95%. Then, one of the constituents that derives from the root of Paris polyphylla, Polyphyllin VII (PPVII) has been confirmed to inhibit the migration of colon cancer cells. Our results also demonstrated that PPVII could inhibit the sphere-forming ability of colon cancer cells. Further experiment results showed that PPVII could downregulate the expression of CD44 in colon cancer cells. In addition, PPVII was proved to have inhibitory effects against CD44 positive colon cancer cells.
Conclusion:
Therefore, PPVII might be a potent candidate reagent for the treatment of colon cancer by targeting CD44 positive colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Fei Fu
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Fen Qiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Ting Deng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Boyu Du
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine.
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
- Hubei Key laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research
| | - Yunhe Zhu
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Xueyan Xi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine.
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine
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6
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Singh D, Mohapatra P, Kumar S, Behera S, Dixit A, Sahoo SK. Nimbolide-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles induces Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition by dual inhibition of AKT and mTOR in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105293. [PMID: 34883246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor prognosis and remains highly aggressive despite current advancements in therapies. Chemoresistance and high metastatic nature of PDAC is attributed to a small subset of stem-like cells within the tumor known as Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). Here, we developed a strategy for targeting pancreatic CSCs through forceful induction of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition driven by encapsulating a phytochemical Nimbolide in nanoparticles. Binding of Nimbolide with the key regulator proteins of CSCs were studied through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies, which revealed that it binds to AKT and mTOR with high affinity. Further, in vitro studies revealed that Nim NPs are capable of inducing forceful mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of pancreatospheres that leads to loss of multidrug resistance and self-renewal properties of pancreatospheres. Our study gives a proof of concept that encapsulation of Nim in PLGA nanoparticles increases its therapeutic effect on pancreatospheres. Further, binding of Nim to AKT and mTOR negatively regulates their activity that ultimately leads to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of pancreatic CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Priyanka Mohapatra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sugandh Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Somalisa Behera
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Anshuman Dixit
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjeeb Kumar Sahoo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India.
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7
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Rovira M, Atla G, Maestro MA, Grau V, García-Hurtado J, Maqueda M, Mosquera JL, Yamada Y, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Ferrer J. REST is a major negative regulator of endocrine differentiation during pancreas organogenesis. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1229-1242. [PMID: 34385258 PMCID: PMC8415321 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348501.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Rovira et al. report that inactivation of the transcriptional repressor REST causes a drastic increase in pancreatic endocrine progenitors and endocrine cells, and establish that REST is a major negative regulator of embryonic pancreas endocrine differentiation in mice and zebrafish. Their findings show that REST-dependent inhibition ensures a balanced production of endocrine cells from embryonic pancreatic progenitors. Multiple transcription factors have been shown to promote pancreatic β-cell differentiation, yet much less is known about negative regulators. Earlier epigenomic studies suggested that the transcriptional repressor REST could be a suppressor of endocrinogenesis in the embryonic pancreas. However, pancreatic Rest knockout mice failed to show abnormal numbers of endocrine cells, suggesting that REST is not a major regulator of endocrine differentiation. Using a different conditional allele that enables profound REST inactivation, we observed a marked increase in pancreatic endocrine cell formation. REST inhibition also promoted endocrinogenesis in zebrafish and mouse early postnatal ducts and induced β-cell-specific genes in human adult duct-derived organoids. We also defined genomic sites that are bound and repressed by REST in the embryonic pancreas. Our findings show that REST-dependent inhibition ensures a balanced production of endocrine cells from embryonic pancreatic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Rovira
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain.,Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain.,Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia (P-CMR[C]), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Goutham Atla
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Maestro
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Vane Grau
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Javier García-Hurtado
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Maqueda
- Bioinformatics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Mosquera
- Bioinformatics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Institute Pasteur Lille, University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille F-59000, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- Institute Pasteur Lille, University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille F-59000, France
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Section of Genetics and Genomics, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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8
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Curcumin may be a potential adjuvant treatment drug for colon cancer by targeting CD44. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106991. [PMID: 33182071 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the considerable advances in treatment method development, the mortality rate related to colon cancer still ranks the fifth in all tumor-related diseases. Recently, there has been growing evidences supporting the existence of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) might be one of the main causes for initiation, progression and recurrence of colon cancer. Curcumin has been shown to possess anticancer activities. It has also been suggested that curcumin was effective against colon CSCs by coupling with CD44, a robust marker and functional important molecule for colorectal CSC. In the present study, we confirmed that curcumin can inhibit the proliferation, colony formation, migration and tumor sphere formation of colon cancer cells. Results from real-time PCR and western blotting had suggested that curcumin could down-regulate the expression of CD44. Moreover, results from flow cytometry had further revealed that curcumin could decrease the proportion of CD44+ colon cancer cells. After the expression of CD44 had been knocked down by using siRNA, the inhibition effects of curcumin against CD44+ colon cancer cells were observed to be reduced significantly. Moreover, it had been observed that the cellular uptake of curcumin was significantly higher in CD44+ colon cancer cells. Results from flow cytometry had shown that curcumin could induce apoptosis in CD44+ colon cancer cells. Altogether, our results suggested that curcumin might be an adjuvant drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer by targeting CD44.
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9
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Čipak Gašparović A, Milković L, Dandachi N, Stanzer S, Pezdirc I, Vrančić J, Šitić S, Suppan C, Balic M. Chronic Oxidative Stress Promotes Molecular Changes Associated with Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, NRF2, and Breast Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E633. [PMID: 31835715 PMCID: PMC6943739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in carcinogenesis, but it also contributes to the modulation of tumor cells and microenvironment caused by chemotherapeutics. One of the consequences of oxidative stress is lipid peroxidation, which can, through reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), affect cell signaling pathways. On the other hand, cancer stem cells (CSC) are now recognized as a major factor of malignancy by causing metastasis, relapse, and therapy resistance. Here, we evaluated whether oxidative stress and HNE modulation of the microenvironment can influence CSC growth, modifications of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, the antioxidant system, and the frequency of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC). Our results showed that oxidative changes in the microenvironment of BCSC and particularly chronic oxidative stress caused changes in the proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells. In addition, changes associated with EMT, increase in glutathione (GSH) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) were observed in breast cancer cells grown on HNE pretreated collagen and under chronic oxidative stress. Our results suggest that chronic oxidative stress can be a bidirectional modulator of BCSC fate. Low levels of HNE can increase differentiation markers in BCSC, while higher levels increased GSH and NRF2 as well as certain EMT markers, thereby increasing therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lidija Milković
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nadia Dandachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University, Graz 8036, Austria; (N.D.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Stefanie Stanzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University, Graz 8036, Austria; (N.D.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Iskra Pezdirc
- Outhospital Emergency Medicine Department of Krapina Zagorje County, HR-49000 Krapina, Croatia;
| | - Josip Vrančić
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sanda Šitić
- Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, University Hospital for Tumors, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Christoph Suppan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University, Graz 8036, Austria; (N.D.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Marija Balic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University, Graz 8036, Austria; (N.D.); (S.S.); (C.S.)
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10
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Wang Z, Tang X, Wu X, Yang M, Wang W, Wang L, Tang D, Wang D. Cardamonin exerts anti-gastric cancer activity via inhibiting LncRNA-PVT1-STAT3 axis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190357. [PMID: 31028131 PMCID: PMC6522749 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers each year, and it remains the third leading cause of cancer death in the world. The clinicopathologic characteristics differ among regions, so epigenetic changes play a key role in gastric carcinogenesis. Methods: In the present study, we first demonstrate that cardamonin, a natural production of chalcone, is an anti-gastric cancer agent in pre-clinical evaluation. Results: Cardamonin inhibited proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. It could reduce the expression of apoptosis-related and migration-related genes and proteins. The constant activation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signal is a major intrinsic signal for cancer inflammation. It regulates cellular proliferation, cell cycle, and migration that are critical for cancer procession. Cardamonin could effectively down-regulate p-STAT3 and abolish activation of STAT3 through inhibiting the expression of LncRNA-PVT1. Conclusion: The present study revealed that cardamonin is a potential natural source of anti-gastric cancer drugs via epigenetic mechanism to inhibit LncRNA-PVT1-STAT3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Institute of General Surgery - Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiang ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Institute of General Surgery - Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meiyuan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiang ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Institute of General Surgery - Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liuhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Institute of General Surgery - Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Institute of General Surgery - Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Institute of General Surgery - Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
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11
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Cho JH, Patel B, Bonala S, Mansouri H, Manne S, Vadrevu SK, Ghouse S, Kung CP, Murphy ME, Astrinidis A, Henske EP, Kwiatkowski DJ, Markiewski MM, Karbowniczek M. The Codon 72 TP53 Polymorphism Contributes to TSC Tumorigenesis through the Notch-Nodal Axis. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1639-1651. [PMID: 31088907 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We discovered that 90.3% of patients with angiomyolipomas, lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) carry the arginine variant of codon 72 (R72) of TP53 and that R72 increases the risk for angiomyolipoma. R72 transactivates NOTCH1 and NODAL better than the proline variant of codon 72 (P72); therefore, the expression of NOTCH1 and NODAL is increased in angiomyolipoma cells that carry R72. The loss of Tp53 and Tsc1 within nestin-expressing cells in mice resulted in the development of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with high Notch1 and Nodal expression, suggesting that similar downstream mechanisms contribute to tumorigenesis as a result of p53 loss in mice and p53 polymorphism in humans. The loss of murine Tp53 or expression of human R72 contributes to tumorigenesis via enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and motility of tumor cells through the Notch and Nodal pathways. IMPLICATIONS: This work revealed unexpected contributions of the p53 polymorphism to the pathogenesis of TSC and established signaling alterations caused by this polymorphism as a target for therapy. We found that the codon 72 TP53 polymorphism contributes to TSC-associated tumorigenesis via Notch and Nodal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hung Cho
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Bhaumik Patel
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Santosh Bonala
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hossein Mansouri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Broadway and Boston, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,Institute for Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Surya Kumari Vadrevu
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shanawaz Ghouse
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Che-Pei Kung
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,ICCE Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Center of Excellence, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.
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12
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Nimmakayala RK, Seshacharyulu P, Lakshmanan I, Rachagani S, Chugh S, Karmakar S, Rauth S, Vengoji R, Atri P, Talmon GA, Lele SM, Smith LM, Thapa I, Bastola D, Ouellette MM, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Cigarette Smoke Induces Stem Cell Features of Pancreatic Cancer Cells via PAF1. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:892-908.e6. [PMID: 29864419 PMCID: PMC6120776 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Aggressive pancreatic tumors contain cancer cells with stem cell features. We investigated whether cigarette smoke induces stem cell features in pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or clean air (controls) for up to 20 weeks; pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. HPNE and Capan1 cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), nicotine and nicotine-derived carcinogens (NNN or NNK), or clean air (controls) for 80 days and evaluated for stem cell markers and features using flow cytometry-based autofluorescence, sphere formation, and immunoblot assays. Proteins were knocked down in cells with small interfering RNAs. We performed RNA sequencing analyses of CSE-exposed cells. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to confirm the binding of FOS-like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOSL1) to RNA polymerase II-associated factor (PAF1) promoter. We obtained pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and matched nontumor tissues (n = 15) and performed immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Chronic exposure of HPNE and Capan1 cells to CSE caused them to increase markers of stem cells, including autofluorescence and sphere formation, compared with control cells. These cells increased expression of ABCG2, SOX9, and PAF1, via cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) signaling to mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and FOSL1. CSE-exposed pancreatic cells with knockdown of PAF1 did not show stem cell features. Exposure of cells to NNN and NNK led to increased expression of CHRNA7, FOSL1, and PAF1 along with stem cell features. Pancreata from KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre mice exposed to cigarette smoke had increased levels of PAF1 mRNA and protein, compared with control mice, as well as increased expression of SOX9. Levels of PAF1 and FOSL1 were increased in PDAC tissues, especially those from smokers, compared with nontumor pancreatic tissue. CSE exposure increased expression of PHD-finger protein 5A, a pluripotent transcription factor and its interaction with PAF1. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to cigarette smoke activates stem cell features of pancreatic cells, via CHRNA7 signaling and FOSL1 activation of PAF1 expression. Levels of PAF1 are increased in pancreatic tumors of humans and mice with chronic cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Seema Chugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Saswati Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Subodh M. Lele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, NE
| | - Dhundy Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, NE
| | - Michel M. Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Correspondence: Moorthy P. Ponnusamy and Surinder K. Batra, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A., Phone: 402-559-1170, Fax: 402-559-6650, (M.P.P) and (S.K.B)
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Correspondence: Moorthy P. Ponnusamy and Surinder K. Batra, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A., Phone: 402-559-1170, Fax: 402-559-6650, (M.P.P) and (S.K.B)
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13
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Du K, Zhang X, Lou Z, Guo P, Zhang F, Wang B, Chen L, Zhang C. MicroRNA485-3p negatively regulates the transcriptional co-repressor CtBP1 to control the oncogenic process in osteosarcoma cells. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1445-1456. [PMID: 30262996 PMCID: PMC6158736 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxyl-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1), a well-known transcriptional co-repressor, is highly expressed in a number of cancer types. However, it is still absent in osteosarcoma cells. Here, we found that CtBP1, but not CtBP2, is overexpressed in invasive osteosarcoma tissues and cells. The overexpressed CtBP1 in turn represses its downstream targets, such as the pro-apoptotic regulators Bax, Bim and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin, and the cell cycle regulators p16, p21 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). To explore the molecular mechanism of CtBP1 overexpression, we subjected three independent clinical samples to miRNA microarray analysis and found that miR-485-3p could specifically bind to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of CtBP1, thereby negatively controlling CtBP1 expression. The overexpression of miR-485-3p in osteosarcoma cells significantly repressed CtBP1 levels and inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration and sphere formation. Further analysis indicated that DNA hypermethylation in the promoter region of miR-485-3p caused the downregulation of miR-485-3p. Treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA) resulted in the upregulation of miR-485-3p and the downregulation of CtBP1 as well as inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth. This study provides evidence that CtBP1 is also overexpressed in osteosarcoma cells and demonstrates the underlying mechanism regarding its overexpression. Thus, therapeutically targeting CtBP1 may represent an effective strategy for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Du
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Zhenkai Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Peiyu Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Lingqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Chunqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
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14
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells within cancer tissues that are thought to mediate tumor initiation. CSCs are furthermore considered the cause of tumor progression and recurrence after conventional therapies, based on their enhanced therapy resistance properties. A method commonly used to assess CSC potential in vitro is the so-called tumor spheres assay in which cells are plated under non-adherent culture conditions in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors. Tumor spheres assays have been used in cancer research as an intermediate in vitro cell culture model to be explored before performing more laborious in vivo tumor xenograft assays.
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15
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Yu J, Seldin MM, Fu K, Li S, Lam L, Wang P, Wang Y, Huang D, Nguyen TL, Wei B, Kulkarni RP, Di Carlo D, Teitell M, Pellegrini M, Lusis AJ, Deb A. Topological Arrangement of Cardiac Fibroblasts Regulates Cellular Plasticity. Circ Res 2018; 123:73-85. [PMID: 29691232 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac fibroblasts do not form a syncytium but reside in the interstitium between myocytes. This topological relationship between fibroblasts and myocytes is maintained throughout postnatal life until an acute myocardial injury occurs, when fibroblasts are recruited to, proliferate and aggregate in the region of myocyte necrosis. The accumulation or aggregation of fibroblasts in the area of injury thus represents a unique event in the life cycle of the fibroblast, but little is known about how changes in the topological arrangement of fibroblasts after cardiac injury affect fibroblast function. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate how changes in topological states of cardiac fibroblasts (such as after cardiac injury) affect cellular phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Using 2 and 3-dimensional (2D versus 3D) culture conditions, we show that simple aggregation of cardiac fibroblasts is sufficient by itself to induce genome-wide changes in gene expression and chromatin remodeling. Remarkably, gene expression changes are reversible after the transition from a 3D back to 2D state demonstrating a topological regulation of cellular plasticity. Genes induced by fibroblast aggregation are strongly associated and predictive of adverse cardiac outcomes and remodeling in mouse models of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Using solvent-based tissue clearing techniques to create optically transparent cardiac scar tissue, we show that fibroblasts in the region of dense scar tissue express markers that are induced by fibroblasts in the 3D conformation. Finally, using live cell interferometry, a quantitative phase microscopy technique to detect absolute changes in single cell biomass, we demonstrate that conditioned medium collected from fibroblasts in 3D conformation compared with that from a 2D state significantly increases cardiomyocyte cell hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings demonstrate that simple topological changes in cardiac fibroblast organization are sufficient to induce chromatin remodeling and global changes in gene expression with potential functional consequences for the healing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Departments of Human Genetics and Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (M.M.S., A.J.L.)
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Shen Li
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Larry Lam
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Ping Wang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Yijie Wang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Dian Huang
- Department of Bioengineering (D.H., T.L.N., D.D.C.)
| | | | - Bowen Wei
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (B.W., R.P.K.)
| | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (B.W., R.P.K.)
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Department of Bioengineering (D.H., T.L.N., D.D.C.)
| | - Michael Teitell
- Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (M.T.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Departments of Human Genetics and Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (M.M.S., A.J.L.)
| | - Arjun Deb
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.) .,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory (J.Y., M.M.S., S.L., P.W., Y.W., A.J.L., A.D.).,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.P., A.D.).,Molecular Biology Institute (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., M.T., M.P., A.D.).,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.Y., K.F., S.L., L.L., P.W., Y.W., R.P.K., D.D.C., M.T., M.P., A.D.)
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16
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Matsumoto T, Uchiumi T, Monji K, Yagi M, Setoyama D, Amamoto R, Matsushima Y, Shiota M, Eto M, Kang D. Doxycycline induces apoptosis via ER stress selectively to cells with a cancer stem cell-like properties: importance of stem cell plasticity. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:397. [PMID: 29184058 PMCID: PMC5868058 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-017-0009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity can be traced back to a small subset of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which can be derived from a single stem cell and show chemoresistance. Recent studies showed that CSCs are sensitive to mitochondrial targeting antibiotics such as doxycycline. However, little is known about how cancer cells undergo sphere formation and how antibiotics inhibit CSC proliferation. Here we show that under sphere-forming assay conditions, prostate cancer cells acquired CSC-like properties: promoted mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, expression of characteristic CSC markers and resistance to anticancer agents. Furthermore, those CSC-like properties could reversibly change depending on the culture conditions, suggesting some kinds of CSCs have plasticity in tumor microenvironments. The sphere-forming cells (i.e. cancer stem-like cells) showed increased contact between mitochondria and mitochondrial associated-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM). Mitochondrial targeting doxycycline induced activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) mediated expression of ER stress response and led to p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA)-dependent apoptosis only in the cancer stem-like cells. We also found that doxycycline effectively suppressed the sphere formation in vitro and blocked CD44v9-expressing tumor growth in vivo. In summary, these data provide new molecular findings that monolayer cancer cells acquire CSC-like properties in a reversible manner. These findings provide important insights into CSC biology and a potential new treatment of targeting mitochondria dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Monji
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mikako Yagi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Rie Amamoto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Seinan Jo Gakuin University, 1-3-5 Ibori, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-0835, Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsushima
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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17
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Zeng D, Ma J, Li R, Yang J, Yin X. The inhibitory effect of 5,7-DMF on pancreatic sphere-forming cell function mediated by FoxM1 gene expression. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1855-1865. [PMID: 28802012 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the major human malignant tumors severely endangering human health and life with high mortality due to the concealment of early symptoms and lack of effective therapies during advanced stages. The identification of pancreatic cancer stem cell functions has been as important strategy for understanding of pancreatic cancer biology and novel drug and therapy development. In the present study, we successfully isolated the pancreatic sphere-forming cells from pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 by sphere-forming method and we found that the sphere-forming ability and the cell migration rate of pancreatic sphere-forming cells were significantly inhibited by 5,7-DMF treatment, which was supported by the corresponding changes of several EMT biomarkers after being treated with 5,7-DMF. Moreover, we revealed here that the inhibition of pancreatic sphere-forming cells was mediated by the expression of FoxM1 gene, and also the expression of SOX2 gene was regulated by FoxM1 in pancreatic sphere-forming cells and involved in the inhibitory role of 5,7-DMF. These results provided important basis for the application of 5,7-DMF as a novel drug candidate for the pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zeng
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Institute of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xianli Yin
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P. R. China
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18
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Kim MS, Gernapudi R, Choi EY, Lapidus RG, Passaniti A. Characterization of CADD522, a small molecule that inhibits RUNX2-DNA binding and exhibits antitumor activity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70916-70940. [PMID: 29050333 PMCID: PMC5642608 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The RUNX2 transcription factor promotes breast cancer growth and metastasis through interactions with a variety of cofactors that activate or repress target genes. Using a direct drug discovery approach we identified CADD522 as a small molecule that inhibits the DNA binding of the runt box domain protein, RUNX2. The current study defines the effect of CADD522 on breast cancer growth and metastasis, and addresses the mechanisms by which it exerts its anti-tumor activity. CADD522 treatment resulted in significant growth inhibition, clonogenic survival, tumorsphere formation, and invasion of breast cancer cells. CADD522 negatively regulated transcription of RUNX2 target genes such as matrix metalloproteinase-13, vascular endothelial growth factor and glucose transporter-1, but upregulated RUNX2 expression by increasing RUNX2 stability. CADD522 reduced RUNX2-mediated increases in glucose uptake and decreased the level of CBF-β and RUNX2 phosphorylation at the S451 residue. These results suggest several potential mechanisms by which CADD522 exerts an inhibitory function on RUNX2-DNA binding; interference with RUNX2 for the DNA binding pocket, inhibition of glucose uptake leading to cell cycle arrest, down-regulation of CBF-β, and reduction of S451-RUNX2 phosphorylation. The administration of CADD522 into MMTV-PyMT mice resulted in significant delay in tumor incidence and reduction in tumor burden. A significant decrease of tumor volume was also observed in a CADD522-treated human triple-negative breast cancer-patient derived xenograft model. CADD522 impaired the lung retention and outgrowth of breast cancer cells in vivo with no apparent toxicity to the mice. Therefore, by inhibiting RUNX2-DNA binding, CADD522 may represent a potential antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sook Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Veteran's Health Administration Research & Development Service, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramkishore Gernapudi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eun Yong Choi
- The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonino Passaniti
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Veteran's Health Administration Research & Development Service, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Chitosan promotes cancer progression and stem cell properties in association with Wnt signaling in colon and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 8:45751. [PMID: 28367998 PMCID: PMC5377948 DOI: 10.1038/srep45751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population of cancer cells, have been considered to be the origin of cancer initiation, recurrence, and metastasis. Tumor microenvironment provides crucial signals for CSCs to maintain stem cell properties and promotes tumorigenesis. Therefore, establishment of an appropriate cell culture system to mimic the microenvironment for CSC studies is an important issue. In this study, we grew colon and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells on chitosan membranes and evaluated the tumor progression and the CSC properties. Experimental results showed that culturing cancer cells on chitosan increased cell motility, drug resistance, quiescent population, self-renewal capacity, and the expression levels of stemness and CSC marker genes, such as OCT4, NANOG, CD133, CD44, and EpCAM. Furthermore, we demonstrated that chitosan might activate canonical Wnt/β-catenin-CD44 axis signaling in CD44positive colon cancer cells and noncanonical Wnt-STAT3 signaling in CD44negative HCC cells. In conclusion, chitosan as culture substrates activated the essential signaling of CSCs and promoted CSC properties. The chitosan culture system provides a convenient platform for the research of CSC biology and screening of anticancer drugs.
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20
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Xie X, Kaoud TS, Edupuganti R, Zhang T, Kogawa T, Zhao Y, Chauhan GB, Giannoukos DN, Qi Y, Tripathy D, Wang J, Gray NS, Dalby KN, Bartholomeusz C, Ueno NT. c-Jun N-terminal kinase promotes stem cell phenotype in triple-negative breast cancer through upregulation of Notch1 via activation of c-Jun. Oncogene 2016; 36:2599-2608. [PMID: 27941886 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a vital role in malignant transformation of different cancers, and JNK is highly activated in basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the roles of JNK in regulating cancer stem-like cell (CSC) phenotype and tumorigenesis in TNBC are not well defined. JNK is known to mediate many cellular events via activating c-Jun. Here, we found that JNK regulated c-Jun activation in TNBC cells and that JNK activation correlated with c-Jun activation in TNBC tumors. Furthermore, the expression level of c-Jun was significantly higher in TNBC tumors than in non-TNBC tumors, and high c-Jun mRNA level was associated with shorter disease-free survival of patients with TNBC. Thus, we hypothesized that the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway contributes to TNBC tumorigenesis. We found that knockdown of JNK1 or JNK2 or treatment with JNK-IN-8, an adenosine triphosphate-competitive irreversible pan-JNK inhibitor, significantly reduced cell proliferation, the ALDH1+ and CD44+/CD24- CSC subpopulations, and mammosphere formation, indicating that JNK promotes CSC self-renewal and maintenance in TNBC. We further demonstrated that both JNK1 and JNK2 regulated Notch1 transcription via activation of c-Jun and that the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway promoted CSC phenotype through Notch1 signaling in TNBC. In a TNBC xenograft mouse model, JNK-IN-8 significantly suppressed tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting acquisition of the CSC phenotype. Taken together, our data demonstrate that JNK regulates TNBC tumorigenesis by promoting CSC phenotype through Notch1 signaling via activation of c-Jun and indicate that JNK/c-Jun/Notch1 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xie
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T S Kaoud
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - R Edupuganti
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Kogawa
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Y Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G B Chauhan
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D N Giannoukos
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Qi
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Tripathy
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Wang
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K N Dalby
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - C Bartholomeusz
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N T Ueno
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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S Franco S, Szczesna K, Iliou MS, Al-Qahtani M, Mobasheri A, Kobolák J, Dinnyés A. In vitro models of cancer stem cells and clinical applications. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:738. [PMID: 27766946 PMCID: PMC5073996 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, stem cells and cancer stem cells have for a long time played a significant role in the biomedical sciences. Though cancer therapy is more effective than it was a few years ago, the truth is that still none of the current non-surgical treatments can cure cancer effectively. The reason could be due to the subpopulation called “cancer stem cells” (CSCs), being defined as those cells within a tumour that have properties of stem cells: self-renewal and the ability for differentiation into multiple cell types that occur in tumours. The phenomenon of CSCs is based on their resistance to many of the current cancer therapies, which results in tumour relapse. Although further investigation regarding CSCs is still needed, there is already evidence that these cells may play an important role in the prognosis of cancer, progression and therapeutic strategy. Therefore, long-term patient survival may depend on the elimination of CSCs. Consequently, isolation of pure CSC populations or reprogramming of cancer cells into CSCs, from cancer cell lines or primary tumours, would be a useful tool to gain an in-depth knowledge about heterogeneity and plasticity of CSC phenotypes and therefore carcinogenesis. Herein, we will discuss current CSC models, methods used to characterize CSCs, candidate markers, characteristic signalling pathways and clinical applications of CSCs. Some examples of CSC-specific treatments that are currently in early clinical phases will also be presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Franco
- Szent István University, Gödöllö, Hungary.,Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllö, Hungary
| | | | - Maria S Iliou
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | | | - András Dinnyés
- Szent István University, Gödöllö, Hungary. .,Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllö, Hungary. .,Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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22
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Kucia-Tran JA, Tulkki V, Smith S, Scarpini CG, Hughes K, Araujo AM, Yan KYM, Botthof J, Pérez-Gómez E, Quintanilla M, Cuschieri K, Caffarel MM, Coleman N. Overexpression of the oncostatin-M receptor in cervical squamous cell carcinoma is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and poor overall survival. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:212-22. [PMID: 27351213 PMCID: PMC4947707 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Copy-number gain of the oncostatin-M receptor (OSMR) occurs frequently in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and is associated with adverse clinical outcome. We previously showed that OSMR overexpression renders cervical SCC cells more sensitive to the major ligand oncostatin-M (OSM), which increases migration and invasion in vitro. We hypothesised that a major contribution to this phenotype would come from epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods: We performed a comprehensive integrated study, involving in vitro cell line studies, in vivo animal models and numerous clinical samples from a variety of anatomical sites. Results: In independent sets of cervical, head/neck and lung SCC tissues, OSMR expression levels correlated with multiple EMT-associated phenotypic markers and transcription factors. OSM treatment of OSMR overexpressing cervical SCC cells produced consistent EMT changes and increased tumour sphere formation in suspension culture. In a mouse model, OSMR overexpressing SCC cells treated with OSM showed significant increases in lung colonisation. The biological effects of exogenous OSM were mirrored by highly significant adverse overall survival in cervical SCCs with OSMR overexpression (N=251). Conclusions: OSM:OSMR interactions are able to induce EMT, increased cancer stem cell-like properties and enhanced lung colonisation in SCC cells. These changes are likely to contribute to the highly significant adverse outcome associated with OSMR overexpression in cervical SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valtteri Tulkki
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Stephen Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Cinzia G Scarpini
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Angela M Araujo
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | | | - Jan Botthof
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Miguel Quintanilla
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Kate Cuschieri
- Scottish Human Papilloma Virus Reference Laboratory, Specialist Virology Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Maria M Caffarel
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Nicholas Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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23
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Sun KH, Sun GH, Wu YC, Ko BJ, Hsu HT, Wu ST. TNF-α augments CXCR2 and CXCR3 to promote progression of renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2020-2028. [PMID: 27297979 PMCID: PMC5082409 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the tumour microenvironment, a complex network of chemokines and their receptors affects the initiation and progression of tumours. The higher levels of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) are associated with tumour progression and an anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibody has been used successfully to treat patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the role of chemokines and their receptors in the TNF‐α‐promoted progression of RCC remains unclear. In this study, TNF‐α was found to enhance the migration, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RCC cells. To further investigate the molecular mechanism of TNF‐α on the progression of RCC, reverse transcription and quantitative PCR was used to screen chemokines and chemokine receptors that were associated with tumorigenesis. The results showed that TNF‐α significantly increased the expressions of CXCR2 and CXCR3 and their related ligands in RCC cells. Subsequently, we used a lentiviral shRNA system to knockdown the expression of CXCR2 and/or CXCR3 in RCC cells. CXCR2 and CXCR3 silencing inhibited the induction of Slug and ZEB‐1 with TNF‐α treatment of RCC cells. In addition, the knockdown of both CXCR2 and CXCR3 resulted in a greater decrease in cell migration, invasion and clonogenic ability compared with either CXCR2 or CXCR3 knockdown alone. Moreover, CXCR2 and CXCR3 silencing significantly reduced the sphere‐forming ability of RCC cells. High expression levels of CXCR2 and CXCR3 in cancer tissues correlated with tumour progression of renal cell carcinoma. These findings suggest that TNF‐α augments CXCR2 and CXCR3 to promote the progression of renal cell carcinoma leading to a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hui Sun
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Huan Sun
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Jiun Ko
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Tzu Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Zhang F, Duan S, Tsai Y, Keng PC, Chen Y, Lee SO, Chen Y. Cisplatin treatment increases stemness through upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors by interleukin-6 in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:746-54. [PMID: 27009878 PMCID: PMC4968604 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin‐resistant A549 and H157 (A549CisR and H157CisR) non‐small cell lung cancer cells show increased stemness of cancer stem cells (CSCs) compared to their parental cells. We investigated whether interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) signaling contributes to this increased stemness in cisplatin‐resistant cells. When A549CisR and H157CisR cells were treated with neutralizing IL‐6 antibody, decreased cisplatin resistance was observed, whereas IL‐6 treatment of parental cells resulted in increased cisplatin resistance. Expression of the CSC markers was significantly upregulated in IL‐6‐expressing scramble cells (in vitro) and scramble cell‐derived tumor tissues (in vivo) after cisplatin treatment, but not in IL‐6 knocked down (IL‐6si) (in vitro) cells and in IL‐6si cell‐derived tumor tissues (in vivo), suggesting the importance of IL‐6 signaling in triggering increased stemness during cisplatin resistance development. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) were upregulated by IL‐6 and responsible for the increased CSC stemness on cisplatin treatment. Mechanism dissection studies found that upregulation of HIFs by IL‐6 was through transcriptional control and inhibition of HIF degradation. Treatment of HIF inhibitor (FM19G11) abolished the upregulation of CSC markers and increased sphere formations in IL‐6 expressing cells on cisplatin treatment. In all, IL‐6‐mediated HIF upregulation is important in increasing stemness during cisplatin resistance development, and we suggest that the strategies of inhibiting IL‐6 signaling or its downstream HIF molecules can be used as future therapeutic approaches to target CSCs after cisplatin treatment for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Peter C Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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25
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Deshpande N, Rangarajan A. Cancer Stem Cells: Formidable Allies of Cancer. Indian J Surg Oncol 2016; 6:400-14. [PMID: 27081258 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-015-0451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) represent the subpopulation of cells within a tumour showing two fundamental properties of stem cells - self-renewal (the ability to make more of their own kind) and differentiation (the ability to generate diverse cell types present within a tissue). The CSC hypothesis posits that CSCs play an important role in tumour initiation, maintenance and progression. Furthermore, owing to their intrinsic drug resistance, they remain refractory to currently used therapy, thereby contributing to tumour relapse. Thus, targeting or taming CSCs can lead to more effective cancer treatment in the coming decades. In this review, we will discuss about the origin of CSC hypothesis, evidence showing their existence, clinical relevance and translational significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Deshpande
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560065 India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560065 India
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26
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Westphalen CB, Takemoto Y, Tanaka T, Macchini M, Jiang Z, Renz BW, Chen X, Ormanns S, Nagar K, Tailor Y, May R, Cho Y, Asfaha S, Worthley DL, Hayakawa Y, Urbanska AM, Quante M, Reichert M, Broyde J, Subramaniam PS, Remotti H, Su GH, Rustgi AK, Friedman RA, Honig B, Califano A, Houchen CW, Olive KP, Wang TC. Dclk1 Defines Quiescent Pancreatic Progenitors that Promote Injury-Induced Regeneration and Tumorigenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:441-55. [PMID: 27058937 PMCID: PMC4826481 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The existence of adult pancreatic progenitor cells has been debated. While some favor the concept of facultative progenitors involved in homeostasis and repair, neither a location nor markers for such cells have been defined. Using genetic lineage tracing, we show that Doublecortin-like kinase-1 (Dclk1) labels a rare population of long-lived, quiescent pancreatic cells. In vitro, Dclk1+ cells proliferate readily and sustain pancreatic organoid growth. In vivo, Dclk1+ cells are necessary for pancreatic regeneration following injury and chronic inflammation. Accordingly, their loss has detrimental effects after cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Expression of mutant Kras in Dclk1+ cells does not affect their quiescence or longevity. However, experimental pancreatitis converts Kras mutant Dclk1+ cells into potent cancer-initiating cells. As a potential effector of Kras, Dclk1 contributes functionally to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Taken together, these observations indicate that Dclk1 marks quiescent pancreatic progenitors that are candidates for the origin of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Benedikt Westphalen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hospital of the University of Munich D-81377, Munich, Germany; Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Takemoto
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marina Macchini
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bernhard W Renz
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich D-81377, Munich, Germany; Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steffen Ormanns
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Munich D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Karan Nagar
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yagnesh Tailor
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Randal May
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Youngjin Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Samuel Asfaha
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel L Worthley
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aleksandra M Urbanska
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael Quante
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar II, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar II, Technische Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua Broyde
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Prem S Subramaniam
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Helen Remotti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gloria H Su
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Otolaryngology / Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard A Friedman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Otolaryngology / Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (C2B2), Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly lethal malignancy for which new treatment and diagnostic approaches are urgently needed. In order for such breakthroughs to be discovered, researchers require systems that accurately model the development and biology of PDA. While cell lines, genetically engineered murine models, and xenografts have all led to valuable clinical insights, organotypic culture models have emerged as tractable systems to recapitulate the complex three-dimensional organization of PDA. Recently, multiple methods for modeling PDA using organoids have been reported. This review aims to summarize these organoid methods in the context of other PDA models. While each model system has unique benefits and drawbacks, ultimately, organoids hold special promise for the development of personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Baker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Hervé Tiriac
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David A. Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Gradiz R, Silva HC, Carvalho L, Botelho MF, Mota-Pinto A. MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 - pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines with neuroendocrine differentiation and somatostatin receptors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21648. [PMID: 26884312 PMCID: PMC4756684 DOI: 10.1038/srep21648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies using cell lines should always characterize these cells to ensure that the results are not distorted by unexpected morphological or genetic changes possibly due to culture time or passage number. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe those MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cell line phenotype and genotype characteristics that may play a crucial role in pancreatic cancer therapeutic assays, namely neuroendocrine chemotherapy and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Epithelial, mesenchymal, endocrine and stem cell marker characterization was performed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, and genotyping by PCR, gene sequencing and capillary electrophoresis. MIA PaCa-2 (polymorphism) expresses CK5.6, AE1/AE3, E-cadherin, vimentin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, SSTR2 and NTR1 but not CD56. PANC-1 (pleomorphism) expresses CK5.6, MNF-116, vimentin, chromogranin A, CD56 and SSTR2 but not E-cadherin, synaptophysin or NTR1. MIA PaCA-1 is CD24−, CD44+/++, CD326−/+ and CD133/1−, while PANC-1 is CD24−/+, CD44+, CD326−/+ and CD133/1−. Both cell lines have KRAS and TP53 mutations and homozygous deletions including the first 3 exons of CDKN2A/p16INK4A, but no SMAD4/DPC4 mutations or microsatellite instability. Both have neuroendocrine differentiation and SSTR2 receptors, precisely the features making them suitable for the therapies we propose to assay in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gradiz
- General Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Research Center for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henriqueta C Silva
- Medical Genetics' Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Research Center for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Anatomical and Molecular Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Research Center for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics' Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Research Center for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Mota-Pinto
- General Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Research Center for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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29
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Choudhry P. High-Throughput Method for Automated Colony and Cell Counting by Digital Image Analysis Based on Edge Detection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148469. [PMID: 26848849 PMCID: PMC4746068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Counting cells and colonies is an integral part of high-throughput screens and quantitative cellular assays. Due to its subjective and time-intensive nature, manual counting has hindered the adoption of cellular assays such as tumor spheroid formation in high-throughput screens. The objective of this study was to develop an automated method for quick and reliable counting of cells and colonies from digital images. For this purpose, I developed an ImageJ macro Cell Colony Edge and a CellProfiler Pipeline Cell Colony Counting, and compared them to other open-source digital methods and manual counts. The ImageJ macro Cell Colony Edge is valuable in counting cells and colonies, and measuring their area, volume, morphology, and intensity. In this study, I demonstrate that Cell Colony Edge is superior to other open-source methods, in speed, accuracy and applicability to diverse cellular assays. It can fulfill the need to automate colony/cell counting in high-throughput screens, colony forming assays, and cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Choudhry
- Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Wang L, Tian H, Yuan J, Wu H, Wu J, Zhu X. CONSORT: Sam68 Is Directly Regulated by MiR-204 and Promotes the Self-Renewal Potential of Breast Cancer Cells by Activating the Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2228. [PMID: 26656364 PMCID: PMC5008509 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are considered to be responsible for recurrence in breast cancer. The 68 kDa Src-associated protein in mitosis (Sam68) has been linked to the development and progression of breast cancer; however, the posttranscriptional regulation and role of Sam68 in BCSC self-renewal remain unclear.Sam68 was ectopically overexpressed or knocked down using a siRNA; the self-renewal potential of breast cancer cell lines was assessed using flow cytometry, in vitro mammosphere culture and a xenograft model in NOD/SCID mice. Activation of beta-catenin was assessed by immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter gene assays. The ArrayExpress dataset GSE45666 was used to identify conserved microRNAs downregulated in breast cancer; real-time PCR, Western blotting, luciferase reporter assay, and xenografted tumor model were used to confirm miR-204 regulated Sam68.We found that endogenous Sam68 expression correlated positively with the self-renewal potential of breast cancer cell lines. Overexpression of Sam68 promoted, whereas knockdown reduced, breast cancer cell self-renewal potential in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway was identified as a functional mediator of Sam68-induced self-renewal in SKBR-3 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, miR-204 was found to be frequently downregulated in human breast cancer and confirmed to directly target Sam68; miR-204 inhibited the self-renewal of breast cancer cell lines by targeting and suppressing Sam68.Our study reveals that Sam68 is regulated by miR-204 and may play an important role in the self-renewal of BCSCs via activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Sam68 may represent a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- From the Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China (LW, HW); Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (HT, XZ); and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (HT, JY, JW, XZ)
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31
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Wang H, Paczulla A, Lengerke C. Evaluation of stem cell properties in human ovarian carcinoma cells using multi and single cell-based spheres assays. J Vis Exp 2015:e52259. [PMID: 25590994 DOI: 10.3791/52259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Years of research indicates that ovarian cancers harbor a heterogeneous mixture of cells including a subpopulation of so-called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance and relapse following conventional chemotherapies. Identification of ovarian CSCs is therefore an important goal. A commonly used method to assess CSC potential in vitro is the spheres assay in which cells are plated under non-adherent culture conditions in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors and sphere formation is scored after a few days. Here, we review currently available protocols for human ovarian cancer spheres assays and perform a side-by-side analysis between commonly used multi cell-based assays and a more accurate system based on single cell plating. Our results indicate that both multi cell-based as well as single cell-based spheres assays can be used to investigate sphere formation in vitro. The more laborious and expensive single cell-based assays are more suitable for functional assessment of individual cells and lead to overall more accurate results while multi cell-based assays can be strongly influenced by the density of plated cells and require titration experiments upfront. Methylcellulose supplementation to multi cell-based assays can be effectively used to reduce mechanical artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen
| | - Anna Paczulla
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen;
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32
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Patel P, Brooks C, Seneviratne A, Hess DA, Séguin CA. Investigating microenvironmental regulation of human chordoma cell behaviour. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115909. [PMID: 25541962 PMCID: PMC4277432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment is complex and composed of many different constituents, including matricellular proteins such as connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), and is characterized by gradients in oxygen levels. In various cancers, hypoxia and CCN2 promote stem and progenitor cell properties, and regulate the proliferation, migration and phenotype of cancer cells. Our study was aimed at investigating the effects of hypoxia and CCN2 on chordoma cells, using the human U-CH1 cell line. We demonstrate that under basal conditions, U-CH1 cells express multiple CCN family members including CCN1, CCN2, CCN3 and CCN5. Culture of U-CH1 cells in either hypoxia or in the presence of recombinant CCN2 peptide promoted progenitor cell-like characteristics specific to the notochordal tissue of origin. Specifically, hypoxia induced the most robust increase in progenitor-like characteristics in U-CH1 cells, including increased expression of the notochord-associated markers T, CD24, FOXA1, ACAN and CA12, increased cell growth and tumour-sphere formation, and a decrease in the percentage of vacuolated cells present in the heterogeneous population. Interestingly, the effects of recombinant CCN2 peptide on U-CH1 cells were more pronounced under normoxia than hypoxia, promoting increased expression of CCN1, CCN2, CCN3 and CCN5, the notochord-associated markers SOX5, SOX6, T, CD24, and FOXA1 as well as increased tumour-sphere formation. Overall, this study highlights the importance of multiple factors within the tumour microenvironment and how hypoxia and CCN2 may regulate human chordoma cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Patel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney Brooks
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayesh Seneviratne
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryle A. Séguin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Lung cancer stem cell lose their stemness default state after exposure to microgravity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:470253. [PMID: 25276790 PMCID: PMC4170742 DOI: 10.1155/2014/470253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity influences cell differentiation by modifying the morphogenetic field in which stem cells are embedded. Preliminary data showed indeed that stem cells are committed to selective differentiation when exposed to real or simulated microgravity. Our study provides evidence that a similar event occurs when cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cultured in microgravity. In the same time, a significant increase in apoptosis was recorded: those data point out that microgravity rescues CSCs from their relative quiescent state, inducing CSCs to lose their stemness features, as documented by the decrease in ALDH and the downregulation of both Nanog and Oct-4 genes. Those traits were stably acquired and preserved by CSCs when cells were placed again on a 1 g field. Studies conducted in microgravity on CSCs may improve our understanding of the fundamental role exerted by biophysical forces in cancer cell growth and function.
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34
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Cortes-Dericks L, Froment L, Boesch R, Schmid RA, Karoubi G. Cisplatin-resistant cells in malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines show ALDH(high)CD44(+) phenotype and sphere-forming capacity. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:304. [PMID: 24884875 PMCID: PMC4021184 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has minimal impact on patient survival due to the supposed chemoresistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). We sought to identify a sub-population of chemoresistant cells by using putative CSC markers, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD44 in three MPM cell lines; H28, H2052 and Meso4. Methods The Aldefluor assay was used to measure ALDH activity and sort ALDHhigh and ALDHlow cells. Drug-resistance was evaluated by cell viability, anchorage-independent sphere formation, flow-cytometry and qRT-PCR analyses. Results The ALDHhigh - and ALDHlow -sorted fractions were able to demonstrate phenotypic heterogeneity and generate spheres, the latter being less efficient, and both showed an association with CD44. Cis- diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) treatment failed to reduce ALDH activity and conferred only a short-term inhibition of sphere generation in both ALDHhigh and ALDHlow fractions of the three MPM cell lines. Induction of drug sensitivity by an ALDH inhibitor, diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) resulted in significant reductions in cell viability but not a complete elimination of the sphere-forming cells, suggestive of the presence of a drug-resistant subpopulation. At the transcript level, the cisplatin + DEAB-resistant cells showed upregulated mRNA expression levels for ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3 isozymes and CD44 indicating the involvement of these markers in conferring chemoresistance in both ALDHhigh and ALDHlow fractions of the three MPM cell lines. Conclusions Our study shows that ALDHhigh CD44+ cells are implicated in conveying tolerance to cisplatin in the three MPM cell lines. The combined use of CD44 and ALDH widens the window for identification and targeting of a drug-resistant population which may improve the current treatment modalities in mesothelioma.
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35
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Bailey JM, Alsina J, Rasheed ZA, McAllister FM, Fu YY, Plentz R, Zhang H, Pasricha PJ, Bardeesy N, Matsui W, Maitra A, Leach SD. DCLK1 marks a morphologically distinct subpopulation of cells with stem cell properties in preinvasive pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:245-56. [PMID: 24096005 PMCID: PMC3910427 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS As in other tumor types, progression of pancreatic cancer may require a functionally unique population of cancer stem cells. Although such cells have been identified in many invasive cancers, it is not clear whether they emerge during early or late stages of tumorigenesis. Using mouse models and human pancreatic cancer cell lines, we investigated whether preinvasive pancreatic neoplasia contains a subpopulation of cells with distinct morphologies and cancer stem cell-like properties. METHODS Pancreatic tissue samples were collected from the KC(Pdx1), KPC(Pdx1), and KC(iMist1) mouse models of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and analyzed by confocal and electron microscopy, lineage tracing, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Subpopulations of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells were similarly analyzed and also used in complementary DNA microarray analyses. RESULTS The microtubule regulator DCLK1 marked a morphologically distinct and functionally unique population of pancreatic cancer-initiating cells. These cells displayed morphological and molecular features of gastrointestinal tuft cells. Cells that expressed DCLK1 also expressed high levels of ATAT1, HES1, HEY1, IGF1R, and ABL1, and manipulation of these pathways in PDAC cell lines inhibited their clonogenic potential. Pharmacological inhibition of γ-secretase activity reduced the abundance of these cells in murine PanIN in a manner that correlated with inhibition of PanIN progression. CONCLUSIONS Human PDAC cells and pancreatic neoplasms in mice contain morphologically and functionally distinct subpopulations that have cancer stem cell-like properties. These populations can be identified at the earliest stages of pancreatic tumorigenesis and provide new cellular and molecular targets for pancreatic cancer treatment and/or chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Bailey
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janivette Alsina
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zeshaan A Rasheed
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Florencia M McAllister
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ya-Yuan Fu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ruben Plentz
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pankaj J Pasricha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William Matsui
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven D Leach
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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36
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Reichert M, Takano S, Heeg S, Bakir B, Botta GP, Rustgi AK. Isolation, culture and genetic manipulation of mouse pancreatic ductal cells. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:1354-65. [PMID: 23787893 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The most common subtype of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC resembles duct cells morphologically and, to some extent, at a molecular level. Recently, genetic-lineage labeling has become popular in the field of tumor biology in order to study cell-fate decisions or to trace cancer cells in the mouse. However, certain biological questions require a nongenetic labeling approach to purify a distinct cell population in the pancreas. Here we describe a protocol for isolating mouse pancreatic ductal epithelial cells and ductlike cells directly in vivo using ductal-specific Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) lectin labeling followed by magnetic bead separation. Isolated cells can be cultured (in two or three dimensions), manipulated by lentiviral transduction to modulate gene expression and directly used for molecular studies. This approach is fast (~4 h), affordable, results in cells with high viability, can be performed on the bench and is applicable to virtually all genetic and nongenetic disease models of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Reichert
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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