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Carnevale K, Saxena R, Talmon GA, Lin A, Padilla O, Kreisle RA. Pathology teaching in different undergraduate medical curricula within and outside the United States: a pilot study. Acad Pathol 2024; 11:100102. [PMID: 38179157 PMCID: PMC10765484 DOI: 10.1016/j.acpath.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathology education is taught using different curricula in the United States (USA) and abroad. We evaluate and compare the hours spent in different forms of pathology teaching such as lectures, team-based learning (TBL), problem-based learning (PBL), and other methods taught in general and systemic pathology amongst different medical schools within the USA and outside the USA. The total number of lecture hours taught in general and systemic pathology combined was greater in outside schools than within the USA (141 h vs 97.8 h, respectively). Three subjects in general pathology and six subjects in systemic pathology had a significantly greater lecture hours in outside medical schools. The greatest difference was the hours spent in labs were longer for both general and systems pathology in schools outside the USA. The overall utilization of PBL in general and systemic pathology teaching combined was much greater outside the USA compared to within the USA (average overall hours PBL - 97.2 outside vs 16.5 in the USA), however, the reverse was observed for using TBL (average overall hours TBL - 59.5 outside vs 84.5 in USA). Average hours used with other methods of teaching was also greater in outside medical schools compared to USA medical schools (80.8 h vs 44 h, respectively). Pathology teaching in both general and systemic pathology has more extensive lecture hours, laboratory hours, PBL, and other methods of teaching pathology in outside medical schools with different curricula than USA medical schools. TBL is utilized more extensively in USA medical schools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy Lin
- College of Medicine University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Osvaldo Padilla
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, TX, USA
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Ahmad R, Kumar B, Thapa I, Talmon GA, Salomon J, Ramer-Tait AE, Bastola DK, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Loss of claudin-3 expression increases colitis risk by promoting Gut Dysbiosis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2282789. [PMID: 38010872 PMCID: PMC10730149 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2282789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of both the gut barrier and microbiota (dysbiosis) promotes susceptibility to and severity of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Leaky gut and dysbiosis often coexist; however, potential interdependence and molecular regulation are not well understood. Robust expression of claudin-3 (CLDN3) characterizes the gut epithelium, and studies have demonstrated a positive association between CLDN3 expression and gut barrier maturity and integrity, including in response to probiotics. However, the exact status and causal role of CLDN3 in IBD and regulation of gut dysbiosis remain unknown. Analysis of mouse and human IBD cohorts helped examine CLDN3 expression in IBD. The causal role was determined by modeling CLDN3 loss of expression during experimental colitis. 16S sequencing and in silico analysis helped examine gut microbiota diversity between Cldn3KO and WT mice and potential host metabolic responses. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) studies were performed to assess the role of gut dysbiosis in the increased susceptibility of Cldn3KO mice to colitis. A significant decrease in CLDN3 expression characterized IBD and CLDN3 loss of expression promoted colitis. 16S sequencing analysis suggested gut microbiota changes in Cldn3KO mice that were capable of modulating fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress response. FMT from naïve Cldn3KO mice promoted colitis susceptibility in recipient germ-free mice (GFM) compared with GFM-receiving microbiota from WT mice. Our data demonstrate a critical role of CLDN3 in maintaining normal gut microbiota and inflammatory responses, which can be harnessed to develop novel therapeutic opportunities for patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jeffrey Salomon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology and the Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Dhundy K. Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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Ahmad R, Kumar B, Thapa I, Tamang RL, Yadav SK, Washington MK, Talmon GA, Yu AS, Bastola DK, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Claudin-2 protects against colitis-associated cancer by promoting colitis-associated mucosal healing. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170771. [PMID: 37815870 PMCID: PMC10688979 DOI: 10.1172/jci170771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Chronic inflammation promotes the risk for CAC. In contrast, mucosal healing predicts improved prognosis in IBD and reduced risk of CAC. However, the molecular integration among colitis, mucosal healing, and CAC remains poorly understood. Claudin-2 (CLDN2) expression is upregulated in IBD; however, its role in CAC is not known. The current study was undertaken to examine the role for CLDN2 in CAC. The AOM/DSS-induced CAC model was used with WT and CLDN2-modified mice. High-throughput expression analyses, murine models of colitis/recovery, chronic colitis, ex vivo crypt culture, and pharmacological manipulations were employed in order to increase our mechanistic understanding. The Cldn2KO mice showed significant inhibition of CAC despite severe colitis compared with WT littermates. Cldn2 loss also resulted in impaired recovery from colitis and increased injury when mice were subjected to intestinal injury by other methods. Mechanistic studies demonstrated a possibly novel role of CLDN2 in promotion of mucosal healing downstream of EGFR signaling and by regulation of Survivin expression. An upregulated CLDN2 expression protected from CAC and associated positively with crypt regeneration and Survivin expression in patients with IBD. We demonstrate a potentially novel role of CLDN2 in promotion of mucosal healing in patients with IBD and thus regulation of vulnerability to colitis severity and CAC, which can be exploited for improved clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Raju Lama Tamang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mary K. Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Alan S. Yu
- Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Dhundy K. Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Yadav SK, Ahmad R, Moshfegh CM, Sankarasubramanian J, Joshi V, Elkhatib SK, Chhonker YS, Murry DJ, Talmon GA, Guda C, Case AJ, Singh AB. Repeated Social Defeat Stress Induces an Inflammatory Gut Milieu by Altering the Mucosal Barrier Integrity and Gut Microbiota Homeostasis. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2023; 3:824-836. [PMID: 37881577 PMCID: PMC10593959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition triggered by exposure to traumatic events in an individual's life. Patients with PTSD are also at a higher risk for comorbidities. However, it is not well understood how PTSD affects human health and/or promotes the risk for comorbidities. Nevertheless, patients with PTSD harbor a proinflammatory milieu and dysbiotic gut microbiota. Gut barrier integrity helps to maintain normal gut homeostasis and its dysregulation promotes gut dysbiosis and inflammation. Methods We used a mouse model of repeated social defeat stress (RSDS), a preclinical model of PTSD. Behavioral studies, metagenomics analysis of the microbiome, gut permeability assay (on mouse colon, using an Ussing chamber), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Polarized intestinal epithelial cells and 3-dimensional crypt cultures were used for mechanistic analysis. Results The RSDS mice harbor a heightened proinflammatory gut environment and microbiota dysbiosis. The RSDS mice further showed significant dysregulation of gut barrier functions, including transepithelial electrical resistance, mucin homeostasis, and antimicrobial responses. RSDS mice also showed a specific increase in intestinal expression of claudin-2, a tight junction protein, and epinephrine, a stress-induced neurotransmitter. Treating intestinal epithelial cells or 3-dimensional cultured crypts with norepinephrine or intestinal luminal contents (fecal contents) upregulated claudin-2 expression and inhibited transepithelial electrical resistance. Conclusions Traumatic stress induces dysregulation of gut barrier functions, which may underlie the observed gut microbiota changes and proinflammatory gut milieu, all of which may have an interdependent effect on the health and increased risk of comorbidities in patients with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Cassandra M. Moshfegh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Vineet Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Safwan K. Elkhatib
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Yashpal Singh Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Daryl J. Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Adam J. Case
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
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Choi SR, Talmon GA, Hearne K, Woo J, Truong VL, Britigan BE, Narayanasamy P. Combination Therapy with Gallium Protoporphyrin and Gallium Nitrate Exhibits Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity In Vitro and In Vivo against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4058-4070. [PMID: 37471668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a major need for the development of new therapeutics to combat antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Recently, gallium (Ga)-based complexes have shown promising antimicrobial effects against various bacteria, including multidrug-resistant organisms, by targeting multiple heme/iron-dependent metabolic pathways. Among these, Ga protoporphyrin (GaPP) inhibits bacterial growth by targeting heme pathways, including aerobic respiration. Ga(NO3)3, an iron mimetic, disrupts elemental iron pathways. Here, we demonstrate the enhanced antimicrobial activity of the combination of GaPP and Ga(NO3)3 against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) under iron-limited conditions, including small colony variants (SCV). This therapy demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity without inducing slow-growing SCV. We also observed that the combination of GaPP and Ga(NO3)3 inhibited the MRSA catalase but not above that seen with Ga(NO3)3 alone. Neither GaPP nor Ga(NO3)3 alone or their combination inhibited the dominant superoxide dismutase expressed (SodA) under the iron-limited conditions examined. Intranasal administration of the combination of the two compounds improved drug biodistribution in the lungs compared to intraperitoneal administration. In a murine MRSA lung infection model, we observed a significant increase in survival and decrease in MRSA lung CFUs in mice that received combination therapy with intranasal GaPP and Ga(NO3)3 compared to untreated control or mice receiving GaPP or Ga(NO3)3 alone. No drug-related toxicity was observed as assessed histologically in the spleen, lung, nasal cavity, and kidney for both single and repeated doses of 10 mg Ga /Kg of mice over 13 days. Our results strongly suggest that GaPP and Ga(NO3)3 in combination have excellent synergism and potential to be developed as a novel therapy for infections with S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-Ryoung Choi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Kenneth Hearne
- Aridis Pharmaceuticals, Los Gatos, California 95032, United States
| | - Jennifer Woo
- Aridis Pharmaceuticals, Los Gatos, California 95032, United States
| | - Vu L Truong
- Aridis Pharmaceuticals, Los Gatos, California 95032, United States
| | - Bradley E Britigan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Nebraska Western Iowa, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Prabagaran Narayanasamy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Ahmad R, Kumar B, Tamang RL, Talmon GA, Dhawan P, Singh AB. P62/SQSTM1 binds with claudin-2 to target for selective autophagy in stressed intestinal epithelium. Commun Biol 2023; 6:740. [PMID: 37460613 PMCID: PMC10352296 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired autophagy promotes Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Claudin-2 is upregulated in IBD however its role in the pathobiology remains uncertain due to its complex regulation, including by autophagy. Irrespective, claudin-2 expression protects mice from DSS colitis. This study was undertaken to examine if an interplay between autophagy and claudin-2 protects from colitis and associated epithelial injury. Crypt culture and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are subjected to stress, including starvation or DSS, the chemical that induces colitis in-vivo. Autophagy flux, cell survival, co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, and gene mutational studies are performed. These studies reveal that under colitis/stress conditions, claudin-2 undergoes polyubiquitination and P62/SQSTM1-assisted degradation through autophagy. Inhibiting autophagy-mediated claudin-2 degradation promotes cell death and thus suggest that claudin-2 degradation promotes autophagy flux to promote cell survival. Overall, these data inform for the previously undescribed role for claudin-2 in facilitating IECs survival under stress conditions, which can be harnessed for therapeutic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Raju Lama Tamang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Kumar V, Sethi B, Staller DW, Xin X, Ma J, Dong Y, Talmon GA, Mahato RI. Anti-miR-96 and Hh pathway inhibitor MDB5 synergistically ameliorate alcohol-associated liver injury in mice. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122049. [PMID: 36827892 PMCID: PMC9998370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and its complications are significant health problems worldwide. Several pathways in ALD are influenced by alcohol that drives inflammation, fatty acid metabolism, and fibrosis. Although miR-96 has become a key regulator in several liver diseases, its function in ALD remains unclear. In contrast, sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling has a well-defined role in liver disease through influencing the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the inducement of liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of miR-96 and Hh molecules in mouse and human liver samples. We showed that miR-96 and Shh were upregulated in ethanol-fed mice. Furthermore, alcoholic hepatitis (AH) patient specimens also showed upregulated FOXO3a, TGF-β1, SHH, and GLI2 proteins. We then examined the effects of Hh inhibitor MDB5 and anti-miR-96 on inflammatory and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes. We identified FOXO3 and SMAD7 as direct target genes of miR-96. Inhibition of miR-96 decreased the expression of these genes in vitro in AML12 cells, HSC-T6 cells, and in vivo in ALD mice. Furthermore, MDB5 decreased HSCs activation and the expression of ECM-related genes, such as Gli1, Tgf-β1, and collagen. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) loaded with the combination of MDB5, and anti-miR-96 ameliorated ALD in mice. Our study demonstrated that this combination therapy could serve as a new therapeutic target for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bharti Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dalton W Staller
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaofei Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Rauth S, Ganguly K, Atri P, Parte S, Nimmakayala RK, Varadharaj V, Nallasamy P, Vengoji R, Ogunleye AO, Lakshmanan I, Chirravuri R, Bessho M, Cox JL, Foster JM, Talmon GA, Bessho T, Ganti AK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Elevated PAF1-RAD52 axis confers chemoresistance to human cancers. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112043. [PMID: 36709426 PMCID: PMC10374878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin- and gemcitabine-based chemotherapeutics represent a mainstay of cancer therapy for most solid tumors; however, resistance limits their curative potential. Here, we identify RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 (PAF1) as a common driver of cisplatin and gemcitabine resistance in human cancers (ovarian, lung, and pancreas). Mechanistically, cisplatin- and gemcitabine-resistant cells show enhanced DNA repair, which is inhibited by PAF1 silencing. We demonstrate an increased interaction of PAF1 with RAD52 in resistant cells. Targeting the PAF1 and RAD52 axis combined with cisplatin or gemcitabine strongly diminishes the survival potential of resistant cells. Overall, this study shows clinical evidence that the expression of PAF1 contributes to chemotherapy resistance and worse clinical outcome for lethal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Venkatesh Varadharaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ayoola O Ogunleye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mika Bessho
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jason M Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tadayoshi Bessho
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Apar Kishor Ganti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Khan P, Siddiqui JA, Kshirsagar PG, Venkata RC, Maurya SK, Mirzapoiazova T, Perumal N, Chaudhary S, Kanchan RK, Fatima M, Khan MA, Rehman AU, Lakshmanan I, Mahapatra S, Talmon GA, Kulkarni P, Ganti AK, Jain M, Salgia R, Batra SK, Nasser MW. MicroRNA-1 attenuates the growth and metastasis of small cell lung cancer through CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 axis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36597126 PMCID: PMC9811802 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive lung cancer subtype that is associated with high recurrence and poor prognosis. Due to lack of potential drug targets, SCLC patients have few therapeutic options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) provide an interesting repertoire of therapeutic molecules; however, the identification of miRNAs regulating SCLC growth and metastasis and their precise regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. METHODS To identify novel miRNAs regulating SCLC, we performed miRNA-sequencing from donor/patient serum samples and analyzed the bulk RNA-sequencing data from the tumors of SCLC patients. Further, we developed a nanotechnology-based, highly sensitive method to detect microRNA-1 (miR-1, identified miRNA) in patient serum samples and SCLC cell lines. To assess the therapeutic potential of miR-1, we developed various in vitro models, including miR-1 sponge (miR-1Zip) and DOX-On-miR-1 (Tet-ON) inducible stable overexpression systems. Mouse models derived from intracardiac injection of SCLC cells (miR-1Zip and DOX-On-miR-1) were established to delineate the role of miR-1 in SCLC metastasis. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of miR-1 and target proteins (mouse and human tumor specimens), respectively. Dual-luciferase assay was used to validate the target of miR-1, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to investigate the protein-gene interactions. RESULTS A consistent downregulation of miR-1 was observed in tumor tissues and serum samples of SCLC patients compared to their matched normal controls, and these results were recapitulated in SCLC cell lines. Gain of function studies of miR-1 in SCLC cell lines showed decreased cell growth and oncogenic signaling, whereas loss of function studies of miR-1 rescued this effect. Intracardiac injection of gain of function of miR-1 SCLC cell lines in the mouse models showed a decrease in distant organ metastasis, whereas loss of function of miR-1 potentiated growth and metastasis. Mechanistic studies revealed that CXCR4 is a direct target of miR-1 in SCLC. Using unbiased transcriptomic analysis, we identified CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 as a unique axis that regulates SCLC growth and metastasis. Our results further showed that FOXM1 directly binds to the RRM2 promoter and regulates its activity in SCLC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that miR-1 is a critical regulator for decreasing SCLC growth and metastasis. It targets the CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 axis and has a high potential for the development of novel SCLC therapies. MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) downregulation in the tumor tissues and serum samples of SCLC patients is an important hallmark of tumor growth and metastasis. The introduction of miR-1 in SCLC cell lines decreases cell growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, miR-1 directly targets CXCR4, which further prevents FOXM1 binding to the RRM2 promoter and decreases SCLC growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Prakash G Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | | | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Naveenkumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ranjana Kumari Kanchan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mahek Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Md Arafat Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Apar K Ganti
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA-Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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10
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Lakshmanan I, Marimuthu S, Chaudhary S, Seshacharyulu P, Rachagani S, Muniyan S, Chirravuri-Venkata R, Atri P, Rauth S, Nimmakayala RK, Siddiqui JA, Gautam SK, Shah A, Natarajan G, Parte S, Bhyravbhatla N, Mallya K, Haridas D, Talmon GA, Smith LM, Kumar S, Ganti AK, Jain M, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Muc16 depletion diminishes KRAS-induced tumorigenesis and metastasis by altering tumor microenvironment factors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:5147-5159. [PMID: 36271032 PMCID: PMC9841597 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
MUC16, membrane-bound mucin, plays an oncogenic role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the pathological role of MUC16 in the PDAC progression, tumor microenvironment, and metastasis in cooperation with KrasG12D and Trp53R172H mutations remains unknown. Deletion of Muc16 with activating mutations KrasG12D/+ and Trp53R172H/+ in mice significantly decreased progression and prolonged overall survival in KrasG12D/+; Trp53R172H/+; Pdx-1-Cre; Muc16-/- (KPCM) and KrasG12D/+; Pdx-1-Cre; Muc16-/- (KCM), as compared to KrasG12D/+; Trp53R172H/+; Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) and KrasG12D/+; Pdx-1-Cre (KC) mice, respectively. Muc16 knockout pancreatic tumor (KPCM) displays decreased tumor microenvironment factors and significantly reduced incidence of liver and lung metastasis compared to KPC. Furthermore, in silico data analysis showed a positive correlation of MUC16 with activated stroma and metastasis-associated genes. KPCM mouse syngeneic cells had significantly lower metastatic and endothelial cell binding abilities than KPC cells. Similarly, KPCM organoids significantly decreased the growth rate compared to KPC organoids. Interestingly, RNA-seq data revealed that the cytoskeletal proteins Actg2, Myh11, and Pdlim3 were downregulated in KPCM tumors. Further knockdown of these genes showed reduced metastatic potential. Overall, our results demonstrate that Muc16 alters the tumor microenvironment factors during pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis by changing the expression of Actg2, Myh11, and Pdlim3 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Saravanakumar Marimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ashu Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Namita Bhyravbhatla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Dhanya Haridas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4375, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Apar Kishor Ganti
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105-1850, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
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11
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Scott ZW, Choi SR, Talmon GA, Britigan BE, Narayanasamy P. Combining Gallium Protoporphyrin and Gallium Nitrate Enhances In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Role of Inhibition of Bacterial Antioxidant Enzymes and Resultant Increase in Cytotoxic Reactive Oxygen Species. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2096-2105. [PMID: 36049087 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria that is responsible for thousands of deaths each year. Infections with P. aeruginosa disproportionately impact individuals with compromised immune systems as well as cystic fibrosis patients, where P. aeruginosa lung infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In previous work, we showed that a combination of gallium (Ga) nitrate and Ga protoporphyrin worked well in several bacterial infection models but its mechanism of action (MOA) is unknown. In the current work, we have investigated the MOA of Ga combination therapy in P. aeruginosa and its analysis in the in vivo model. In P. aeruginosa treated with Ga combination therapy, we saw a decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, key antioxidant enzymes, which could correlate with a higher potential for oxidative stress. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that, following combination therapy, P. aeruginosa demonstrated higher levels of reactive oxygen species, as measured using the redox-sensitive fluorescent probe, H2DCFDA. We also saw that the Ga combination therapy killed phagocytosed bacteria inside macrophages in vitro. The therapy with low dose was able to fully prevent mortality in a murine model of P. aeruginosa lung infection and also significantly reduced lung damage. These results support our previous data that Ga combination therapy acts synergistically to kill P. aeruginosa, and we now show that this may occur through increasing the organism's susceptibility to oxidative stress. Ga combination therapy also showed itself to be effective at treating infection in a murine pulmonary-infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W Scott
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Seoung-Ryoung Choi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Bradley E Britigan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Nebraska Western Iowa, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Prabagaran Narayanasamy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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12
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Olson MT, Aguilar EN, Brooks CL, Isder CC, Muilenburg KM, Talmon GA, Ly QP, Carlson MA, Hollingsworth MA, Mohs AM. Preclinical Evaluation of a Humanized, Near-Infrared Fluorescent Antibody for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of MUC16-Expressing Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3586-3599. [PMID: 35640060 PMCID: PMC9864431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment option for pancreatic cancer, but resections are made more difficult by infiltrative disease, proximity of critical vasculature, peritumoral inflammation, and dense stroma. Surgeons are limited to tactile and visual cues to differentiate cancerous tissue from normal tissue. Furthermore, translating preoperative images to the intraoperative setting poses additional challenges for tumor detection, and can result in undetected and unresected lesions. Thus, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has high rates of incomplete resections, and subsequently, disease recurrence. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) has emerged as a method to improve intraoperative detection of cancer and ultimately improve surgical outcomes. Initial clinical trials have demonstrated feasibility of FGS for PDAC, but there are limited targeted probes under investigation for this disease, highlighting the need for development of additional novel biomarkers to reflect the PDAC heterogeneity. MUCIN16 (MUC16) is a glycoprotein that is overexpressed in 60-80% of PDAC. In our previous work, we developed a MUC16-targeted murine antibody near-infrared conjugate, termed AR9.6-IRDye800, that showed efficacy in detecting pancreatic cancer. To build on the translational potential of this imaging probe, a humanized variant of the AR9.6 fluorescent conjugate was developed and investigated herein. This conjugate, termed huAR9.6-IRDye800, showed equivalent binding properties to its murine counterpart. Using an optimized dye:protein ratio of 1:1, in vivo studies demonstrated high tumor to background ratios in MUC16-expressing tumor models, and delineation of tumors in a patient-derived xenograft model. Safety, biodistribution, and toxicity studies were conducted. These studies demonstrated that huAR9.6-IRDye800 was safe, did not yield evidence of histological toxicity, and was well tolerated in vivo. The results from this work suggest that AR9.6-IRDye800 is an efficacious and safe imaging agent for identifying pancreatic cancer intraoperatively through fluorescence-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline T. Olson
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Eric N. Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740
| | - Cory L. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740
| | - Carly C. Isder
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Kathtyn M. Muilenburg
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Quan P. Ly
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Mark A. Carlson
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Surgery, VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105
| | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Aaron M. Mohs
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
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13
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Mir S, Golden BDO, Griess BJ, Vengoji R, Tom E, Kosmacek EA, Oberley-Deegan RE, Talmon GA, Band V, Teoh-Fitzgerald ML. Upregulation of Nox4 induces a pro-survival Nrf2 response in cancer-associated fibroblasts that promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis, in part via Birc5 induction. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:48. [PMID: 35836253 PMCID: PMC9281082 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pro-oxidant enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) has been reported to be a critical downstream effector of TGFβ-induced myofibroblast transformation during fibrosis. While there are a small number of studies suggesting an oncogenic role of Nox4 derived from activated fibroblasts, direct evidence linking this pro-oxidant to the tumor-supporting CAF phenotype and the mechanisms involved are lacking, particularly in breast cancer. METHODS We targeted Nox4 in breast patient-derived CAFs via siRNA-mediated knockdown or administration of a pharmaceutical inhibitor (GKT137831). We also determine primary tumor growth and metastasis of implanted tumor cells using a stable Nox4-/- syngeneic mouse model. Autophagic flux of CAFs was assessed using a tandem fluorescent-tagged ptfl-LC3 plasmid via confocal microscopy analysis and determination of the expression level of autophagy markers (beclin-1 and LC3B). Nox4 overexpressing CAFs depend on the Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2) pathway for survival. We then determined the dependency of Nox4-overexpressing CAFs on the Nrf2-mediated adaptive stress response pathway for survival. Furthermore, we investigated the involvement of Birc5 on CAF phenotype (viability and collagen contraction activity) as well as the expression level of CAF markers, FAP and αSMA. CONCLUSIONS We found that deletion of stroma Nox4 and pharmaceutically targeting its activity with GKT137831 significantly inhibited orthotopic tumor growth and metastasis of implanted E0771 and 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cell lines in mice. More importantly, we found a significant upregulation of Nox4 expression in CAFs isolated from human breast tumors versus normal mammary fibroblasts (RMFs). Our in situ RNA hybridization analysis for Nox4 transcription on a human breast tumor microarray further support a role of this pro-oxidant in the stroma of breast carcinomas. In addition, we found that Nox4 promotes autophagy in CAFs. Moreover, we found that Nox4 promoted survival of CAFs via activation of Nrf2, a master regulator of oxidative stress response. We have further shown Birc5 is involved as a downstream modulator of Nrf2-mediated pro-survival phenotype. Together these studies indicate a role of redox signaling via the Nox4-Nrf2 pathway in tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer cells by promoting autophagy and survival of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 7005 Durham Research Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Briana D Ormsbee Golden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 7005 Durham Research Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Brandon J Griess
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 7005 Durham Research Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 7005 Durham Research Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Eric Tom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 7005 Durham Research Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 7005 Durham Research Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 7005 Durham Research Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Melissa Lt Teoh-Fitzgerald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 7005 Durham Research Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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14
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Saraswathi V, Kumar N, Ai W, Gopal T, Bhatt S, Harris EN, Talmon GA, Desouza CV. Myristic Acid Supplementation Aggravates High Fat Diet-Induced Adipose Inflammation and Systemic Insulin Resistance in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:739. [PMID: 35740864 PMCID: PMC9220168 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are considered to be detrimental to human health. One of the SFAs, myristic acid (MA), is known to exert a hypercholesterolemic effect in mice as well as humans. However, its effects on altering adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and systemic insulin resistance (IR) in obesity are still unclear. Here, we sought to determine the effects of a high fat (HF) diet supplemented with MA on obesity-associated metabolic disorders in mice. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed a HF diet in the presence or absence of 3% MA for 12 weeks. Plasma lipids, plasma adipokines, AT inflammation, systemic IR, glucose homeostasis, and hepatic steatosis were assessed. The body weight and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass were significantly higher in mice receiving the HF+MA diet compared to HF diet-fed controls. Plasma total cholesterol levels were marginally increased in HF+MA-fed mice compared to controls. Fasting blood glucose was comparable between HF and HF+MA-fed mice. Interestingly, the plasma insulin and HOMA-IR index, a measure of insulin resistance, were significantly higher in HF+MA-fed mice compared to HF controls. Macrophage and inflammatory markers were significantly elevated in the AT and AT-derived stromal vascular cells upon MA feeding. Moreover, the level of circulating resistin, an adipokine promoting insulin resistance, was significantly higher in HF+MA-fed mice compared with HF controls. The insulin tolerance test revealed that the IR was higher in mice receiving the MA supplementation compared to HF controls. Moreover, the glucose tolerance test showed impairment in systemic glucose homeostasis in MA-fed mice. Analyses of liver samples showed a trend towards an increase in liver TG upon MA feeding. However, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were reduced in the liver of mice fed an MA diet compared to controls. Taken together, our data suggest that chronic administration of MA in diet exacerbates obesity-associated insulin resistance and this effect is mediated in part, via increased AT inflammation and increased secretion of resistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Weilun Ai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Thiyagarajan Gopal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Saumya Bhatt
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Edward N. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Cyrus V. Desouza
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (N.K.); (W.A.); (T.G.); (S.B.); (C.V.D.)
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
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15
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Duryee MJ, Ahmad R, Eichele DD, Hunter CD, Mitra A, Talmon GA, Singh S, Smith LM, Rosen MJ, Dhawan P, Thiele GM, Singh AB. Identification of Immunoglobulin G Autoantibody Against Malondialdehyde-Acetaldehyde Adducts as a Novel Serological Biomarker for Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00469. [PMID: 35287144 PMCID: PMC9038499 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with immune responses with oxidative stress wherein high levels of malondialdehyde result in the formation of a highly stable and immunogenic malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adduct (MAA). Thus, this study evaluated the status of MAA and anti-MAA antibody isotypes in IBD and their potential as novel serological biomarkers for differentiating ulcerative colitis (UC) from Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Levels of MAA and anti-MAA antibodies were examined in patients with IBD (171), non-IBD gastrointestinal diseases (77), and controls (83) from 2 independent cohorts using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic curves and Youden cutoff index from logistic regression were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS The MAA and blood immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-MAA antibody levels were significantly elevated in IBD compared with non-IBD patients (P = 0.0008) or controls (P = 0.02). Interestingly, patients with UC showed higher levels of IgG anti-MAA (P < 0.0001) than patients with CD including those with colonic CD (P = 0.0067). The odds ratio by logistic regression analysis predicted stronger association of IgG anti-MAA antibody with UC than CD. Subsequent analysis showed that IgG anti-MAA antibody levels could accurately identify (P = 0.0004) UC in the adult cohort with a sensitivity of 75.3% and a specificity of 71.4% and an area under the curve of 0.8072 (0.7121-0.9024). The pediatric cohort also showed an area under the curve of 0.8801 (0.7988-0.9614) and precisely distinguished (P < 0.0001) UC with sensitivity (95.8%) and specificity (72.3%). DISCUSSION Circulating IgG anti-MAA antibody levels can serve as a novel, noninvasive, and highly sensitive test to identify patients with UC and possibly differentiate them from patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Duryee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Derrick D. Eichele
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Carlos D. Hunter
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ananya Mitra
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Shailender Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michael J. Rosen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Thiele
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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16
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Talmon GA, Nasir S, Beck Dallaghan GL, Nelson KL, Harter DA, Atiya S, Renavikar PS, Miller M. Teaching About Intergenerational Dynamics: An Exploratory Study of Perceptions and Prevalence in US Medical Schools. Adv Med Educ Pract 2022; 13:113-119. [PMID: 35125901 PMCID: PMC8809674 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s329523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior studies suggest a role for promoting recognition of generational differences as a part of workplace ethics. To our knowledge, there is no published comprehensive analysis demonstrating how commonly or by what methods intergenerational dynamics are taught as structured coursework in medical school curricula. To address this gap, we carried out a survey of curriculum leaders of US medical schools to assess the current practices and attitudes toward content related to generational differences in medical school coursework. METHODS A survey consisting of 23 closed- and open-ended questions that aimed to assess the presence, characteristics, and attitudes of participants towards intergenerational dynamics in medical school coursework was disseminated via email. Curriculum deans at 154 allopathic medical schools were invited to complete the survey and sent one reminder email. Quantitative responses were descriptively analyzed, and qualitative responses were thematically analyzed. RESULTS The response rate was 38.3%, with the majority (58%) of responding institutions stating that their curriculum did not include coursework on intergenerational dynamics. When taught, the most frequent method of instruction was small-group activities. Most stated that the educational content for intergenerational dynamics has been part of their curriculum for fewer than five years. In total, 34% of respondents agreed that some form of education about intergenerational dynamics should be required during medical education as they felt that content could improve cultural competence. Those that were less supportive of inclusion of intergenerational material stated concerns about stereotyping and the value of generational descriptions. CONCLUSION Our findings show a heterogeneity of responses on the perceptions and practice of curriculum leaders regarding inclusion of content related to intergenerational differences in medical school education. In summary, we present the first work assessing current practices and attitudes toward content related to the inclusion of material on intergenerational dynamics in undergraduate medical education in US allopathic medical schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Office of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Seif Nasir
- Office of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gary L Beck Dallaghan
- Office of Medical Education, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kari L Nelson
- Office of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Office of Graduate Medical Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Daniel A Harter
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Samir Atiya
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pranav S Renavikar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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17
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Seshacharyulu P, Halder S, Nimmakayala R, Rachagani S, Chaudhary S, Atri P, Chirravuri-Venkata R, Ouellette MM, Carmicheal J, Gautam SK, Vengoji R, Wang S, Li S, Smith L, Talmon GA, Klute K, Ly Q, Reames BN, Grem JL, Berim L, Padussis JC, Kaur S, Kumar S, Ponnusamy MP, Jain M, Lin C, Batra SK. Disruption of FDPS/Rac1 axis radiosensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by attenuating DNA damage response and immunosuppressive signalling. EBioMedicine 2021; 75:103772. [PMID: 34971971 PMCID: PMC8718746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation therapy (RT) has a suboptimal effect in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) due to intrinsic and acquired radioresistance (RR). Comprehensive bioinformatics and microarray analysis revealed that cholesterol biosynthesis (CBS) is involved in the RR of PDAC. We now tested the inhibition of the CBS pathway enzyme, farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), by zoledronic acid (Zol) to enhance radiation and activate immune cells. Methods We investigated the role of FDPS in PDAC RR using the following methods: in vitro cell-based assay, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoblot, cell-based cholesterol assay, RNA sequencing, tumouroids (KPC-murine and PDAC patient-derived), orthotopic models, and PDAC patient's clinical study. Findings FDPS overexpression in PDAC tissues and cells (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) is associated with poor RT response and survival (P = 0.024). CRISPR/Cas9 and pharmacological inhibition (Zol) of FDPS in human and mouse syngeneic PDAC cells in conjunction with RT conferred higher PDAC radiosensitivity in vitro (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001) and in vivo (P < 0.05). Interestingly, murine (P = 0.01) and human (P = 0.0159) tumouroids treated with Zol+RT showed a significant growth reduction. Mechanistically, RNA-Seq analysis of the PDAC xenografts and patients-PBMCs revealed that Zol exerts radiosensitization by affecting Rac1 and Rho prenylation, thereby modulating DNA damage and radiation response signalling along with improved systemic immune cells activation. An ongoing phase I/II trial (NCT03073785) showed improved failure-free survival (FFS), enhanced immune cell activation, and decreased microenvironment-related genes upon Zol+RT treatment. Interpretation Our findings suggest that FDPS is a novel radiosensitization target for PDAC therapy. This study also provides a rationale to utilize Zol as a potential radiosensitizer and as an immunomodulator in PDAC and other cancers. Funding National Institutes of Health (P50, P01, and R01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Sushanta Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Michel M Ouellette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Joseph Carmicheal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6861, USA
| | - Sicong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6861, USA
| | - Lynette Smith
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kelsey Klute
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Quan Ly
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bradley N Reames
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jean L Grem
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lyudmyla Berim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - James C Padussis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chi Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6861, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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18
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Perumal N, Kanchan RK, Doss D, Bastola N, Atri P, Chirravuri-Venkata R, Thapa I, Vengoji R, Maurya SK, Klinkebiel D, Talmon GA, Nasser MW, Batra SK, Mahapatra S. MiR-212-3p functions as a tumor suppressor gene in group 3 medulloblastoma via targeting nuclear factor I/B (NFIB). Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:195. [PMID: 34922631 PMCID: PMC8684142 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of chromosome 17p and c-Myc amplification distinguish group 3 medulloblastomas which are associated with early metastasis, rapid recurrence, and swift mortality. Tumor suppressor genes on this locus have not been adequately characterized. We elucidated the role of miR-212-3p in the pathophysiology of group 3 tumors. First, we learned that miR-212-3p undergoes epigenetic silencing by histone modifications in group 3 tumors. Restoring its expression reduced cancer cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, and wound healing in vitro and attenuated tumor burden and improved survival in vivo. MiR-212-3p also triggered c-Myc destabilization and degradation, leading to elevated apoptosis. We then isolated an oncogenic target of miR-212-3p, i.e. NFIB, a nuclear transcription factor implicated in metastasis and recurrence in various cancers. Increased expression of NFIB was confirmed in group 3 tumors and associated with poor survival. NFIB silencing reduced cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Concurrently, reduced medullosphere formation and stem cell markers (Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, CD133) were noted. These results substantiate the tumor-suppressive role of miR-212-3p in group 3 MB and identify a novel oncogenic target implicated in metastasis and tumor recurrence.
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19
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Hein AL, Mukherjee M, Talmon GA, Natarajan SK, Nordgren TM, Lyden E, Hanson CK, Cox JL, Santiago-Pintado A, Molani MA, Ormer MV, Thompson M, Thoene M, Akhter A, Anderson-Berry A, Yuil-Valdes AG. QuPath Digital Immunohistochemical Analysis of Placental Tissue. J Pathol Inform 2021; 12:40. [PMID: 34881095 PMCID: PMC8609285 DOI: 10.4103/jpi.jpi_11_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: QuPath is an open-source digital image analyzer notable for its user-friendly design, cross-platform compatibility, and customizable functionality. Since it was first released in 2016, at least 624 publications have reported its use, and it has been applied in a wide spectrum of settings. However, there are currently limited reports of its use in placental tissue. Here, we present the use of QuPath to quantify staining of G-protein coupled receptor 18 (GPR18), the receptor for the pro-resolving lipid mediator Resolvin D2, in placental tissue. Methods: Whole slide images of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells stained for GPR18 were annotated for areas of interest. Visual scoring was performed on these images by trained and in-training pathologists, while QuPath scoring was performed with the methodology described herein. Results: Bland–Altman analyses showed that, for the VSM category, the two methods were comparable across all staining levels. For EVT cells, the high-intensity staining level was comparable across methods, but the medium and low staining levels were not comparable. Conclusions: Digital image analysis programs offer great potential to revolutionize pathology practice and research by increasing accuracy and decreasing the time and cost of analysis. Careful study is needed to optimize this methodology further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Hein
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maheswari Mukherjee
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lyden
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Corrine K Hanson
- Division of Medical Nutrition Education College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Annelisse Santiago-Pintado
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mariam A Molani
- University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aunum Akhter
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ana G Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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20
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Madduri LSV, Brandquist ND, Palanivel C, Talmon GA, Baine MJ, Zhou S, Enke CA, Johnson KR, Ouellette MM, Yan Y. p53/FBXL20 axis negatively regulates the protein stability of PR55α, a regulatory subunit of PP2A Ser/Thr phosphatase. Neoplasia 2021; 23:1192-1203. [PMID: 34731788 PMCID: PMC8570931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported an important role of PR55α, a regulatory subunit of PP2A Ser/Thr phosphatase, in the support of critical oncogenic pathways required for oncogenesis and the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer. The studies in this report reveal a novel mechanism by which the p53 tumor suppressor inhibits the protein-stability of PR55α via FBXL20, a p53-target gene that serves as a substrate recognition component of the SCF (Skp1_Cullin1_F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that promotes proteasomal degradation of its targeted proteins. Our studies show that inactivation of p53 by siRNA-knockdown, gene-deletion, HPV-E6-mediated degradation, or expression of the loss-of-function mutant p53R175H results in increased PR55α protein stability, which is accompanied by reduced protein expression of FBXL20 and decreased ubiquitination of PR55α. Subsequent studies demonstrate that knockdown of FBXL20 by siRNA mimics p53 deficiency, reducing PR55α ubiquitination and increasing PR55α protein stability. Functional tests indicate that ectopic p53R175H or PR55α expression results in an increase of c-Myc protein stability with concomitant dephosphorylation of c-Myc-T58, which is a PR55α substrate, whose phosphorylation otherwise promotes c-Myc degradation. A significant increase in anchorage-independent proliferation is also observed in normal human pancreatic cells expressing p53R175H or, to a greater extent, overexpressing PR55α. Consistent with the common loss of p53 function in pancreatic cancer, FBXL20 mRNA expression is significantly lower in pancreatic cancer tissues compared to pancreatic normal tissues and low FBXL20 levels correlate with poor patient survival. Collectively, these studies delineate a novel mechanism by which the p53/FBXL20 axis negatively regulates PR55α protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lepakshe S V Madduri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850, USA
| | - Nichole D Brandquist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850, USA
| | - Chitra Palanivel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael J Baine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sumin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850, USA
| | - Charles A Enke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850, USA
| | - Keith R Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; College of Dentistry-Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michel M Ouellette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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21
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Copur MS, Wedel W, Cushman-Vokoun AM, Delaney A, Padussis J, Lauer S, Talmon GA. Locally Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a 33-Year-Old Woman Seeking to Conceive. Oncology (Williston Park) 2021; 34:307-312. [PMID: 32785925 DOI: 10.46883/onc.2020.3408.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. They commonly present with nonspecific symptoms and thus are often discovered incidentally. They are best identified by CT scan, and most stain positive for CD117 (C-Kit), CD34, and/or DOG-1. Several risk stratification classification systems have been developed based on tumor size, mitotic rate, location, and perforation. Traditional chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been very ineffective, making surgery the mainstay of treatment. The discovery of mutations associated with these tumors has revolutionized the treatment approach. Imatinib mesylate, a selective tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, used as adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy, has greatly improved the morbidity and mortality associated with GISTs. As the survival of patients has increased with the long-term use of targeted therapies, quality-of-life issues now have become much more relevant and have come to the forefront of care. We present a young woman who was successfully treated for GIST but now faces associated long-term adverse effects of imatinib, including the challenge of preserving fertility and the potential for childbearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet S Copur
- Morrison Cancer Center, Mary Lanning Healthcare, Hastings, NE.,University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | | | - Abigail Delaney
- Omaha Reproductive Health Specialists, Women's Methodist Hospital
| | - James Padussis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Scott Lauer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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22
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Choi SR, Talmon GA, Britigan BE, Narayanasamy P. Nanoparticulate β-Cyclodextrin with Gallium Tetraphenylporphyrin Demonstrates in Vitro and in Vivo Antimicrobial Efficacy against Mycobacteroides abscessus and Mycobacterium avium. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2299-2309. [PMID: 34314150 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens causes the greatest challenge for drug development research. Recently, gallium(III)-based compounds have received great attention as novel antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant pathogens. Here, we synthesized a new β-cyclodextrin Ga nanoparticle (CDGaTP) using Ga tetraphenylporphyrin (GaTP, a hemin analogue) and β-cyclodextrin. The newly synthesized nanoparticle was nontoxic and efficient at a single dose, showing sustained drug release for 15 days in vitro. CDGaTP's activity with transferrin or lactoferrin was tested, and synergism in activity was observed against nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), Mycobacterium avium (M. avium), and Mycobacteroides abscessus. Human serum albumin (HSA) decreased the efficacy of both GaTP and CDGaTP in a concentration-dependent manner. The NTMs incubated with GaTP or CDGaTP significantly produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating potential inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase. The single-dose CDGaTP displayed a prolonged intracellular inhibitory activity in an in vitro macrophage infection model against both NTMs. In addition, CDGaTP, not GaTP, was effective in a murine lung M. avium infection model when delivered via intranasal administration. These results suggest that CDGaTP provides new opportunities for the development of gallium-porphyrin based antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-Ryoung Choi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Bradley E. Britigan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center−Nebraska Western Iowa, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Prabagaran Narayanasamy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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23
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Boss MK, Oberley-Deegan RE, Batinic-Haberle I, Talmon GA, Somarelli JA, Xu S, Kosmacek EA, Griess B, Mir S, Shrishrimal S, Teoh-Fitzgerald M, Spasojevic I, Dewhirst MW. Manganese Porphyrin and Radiotherapy Improves Local Tumor Response and Overall Survival in Orthotopic Murine Mammary Carcinoma Models. Radiat Res 2021; 195:128-139. [PMID: 33264413 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00109.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel synthetic compounds, known as manganese porphyrins (MnPs), have been designed to shift the redox status of both normal cells and cancer cells. When MnPs are coupled with cancer therapies, such as radiation, they have been shown to sensitize tumor cells to treatment and protect normal tissues from damage through the modulation of the redox status of various tissue types. Until now, our preclinical studies have focused on local effects of MnPs and radiation; however, we recognize that successful outcomes for cancer patients involve control of tumor cells throughout the body. In this study, using murine orthotopic mammary tumor models, we investigated how MnPs and radiation influence the development of distant metastasis. We hypothesized that the combination of MnP (MnP/RT), such as MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ and radiation treatment (RT) would increase local tumor control via a shift in the intratumoral redox environment, leading to subsequent downregulation of HIF-1 in the primary tumor. Secondarily, we hypothesized that these primary tumor treatment effects would result in a reduction in pulmonary metastatic burden. Balb/c mice with orthotopic 4T1 mammary carcinomas were treated with saline, MnP, RT or MnP/RT. We found MnP/RT did extend local tumor growth delay and overall survival compared to controls and was associated with increased intratumoral oxidative stress. However, the primary tumor growth delay observed with MnP/RT was not associated with a reduced pulmonary metastatic burden. Future directions to investigate the effects of MnP/RT on the development of distant metastasis may include modifications to the radiation dose, the experimental timeline or using a murine mammary carcinoma cell line with a less aggressive metastatic behavior. Clinical trials are underway to investigate the clinical utility of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ for patients undergoing radiotherapy for various tumor types. The promising preclinical data from this study, as well as others, provides support that MnP/RT has the potential to improve local tumor control for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Brandon Griess
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Shakeel Mir
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Shashank Shrishrimal
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Melissa Teoh-Fitzgerald
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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24
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Rasineni K, Jordan CW, Thomes PG, Kubik JL, Staab EM, Sweeney SA, Talmon GA, Donohue TM, McNiven MA, Kharbanda KK, Casey CA. Contrasting Effects of Fasting on Liver-Adipose Axis in Alcohol-Associated and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver. Front Physiol 2021; 12:625352. [PMID: 33746771 PMCID: PMC7966527 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.625352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatty liver, a major health problem worldwide, is the earliest pathological change in the progression of alcohol-associated (AFL) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL). Though the causes of AFL and NAFL differ, both share similar histological and some common pathophysiological characteristics. In this study, we sought to examine mechanisms responsible for lipid dynamics in liver and adipose tissue in the setting of AFL and NAFL in response to 48 h of fasting. Methods: Male rats were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid control or alcohol-containing diet (AFL model), chow or high-fat pellet diet (NAFL model). After 6-8 weeks of feeding, half of the rats from each group were fasted for 48 h while the other half remained on their respective diets. Following sacrifice, blood, adipose, and the liver were collected for analysis. Results: Though rats fed AFL and NAFL diets both showed fatty liver, the physiological mechanisms involved in the development of each was different. Here, we show that increased hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, increased uptake of adipose-derived free fatty acids, and impaired triglyceride breakdown contribute to the development of AFL. In the case of NAFL, however, increased dietary fatty acid uptake is the major contributor to hepatic steatosis. Likewise, the response to starvation in the two fatty liver disease models also varied. While there was a decrease in hepatic steatosis after fasting in ethanol-fed rats, the control, chow and high-fat diet-fed rats showed higher levels of hepatic steatosis than pair-fed counterparts. This diverse response was a result of increased adipose lipolysis in all experimental groups except fasted ethanol-fed rats. Conclusion: Even though AFL and NAFL are nearly histologically indistinguishable, the physiological mechanisms that cause hepatic fat accumulation are different as are their responses to starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Rasineni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Clayton W. Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Paul G. Thomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jacy L. Kubik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Staab
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sarah A. Sweeney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mark A. McNiven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Carol A. Casey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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25
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Kumar B, Ahmad R, Giannico GA, Zent R, Talmon GA, Harris RC, Clark PE, Lokeshwar V, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Claudin-2 inhibits renal clear cell carcinoma progression by inhibiting YAP-activation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:77. [PMID: 33622361 PMCID: PMC7901196 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Claudin-2 expression is upregulated in multiple cancers and promotes cancer malignancy. Remarkably, the regulation of claudin-2 expression in kidney cell lines contrasts its reported regulation in other organs. However, claudin-2 role in renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown despite its predominant expression in the proximal tubular epithelium (PTE), the site of RCC origin. Methods Publicly available and independent patient databases were examined for claudin-2 association with RCC. The novel protein function was validated in vitro and in vivo by gain or loss of function assays. Mechanistic results were concluded by Mass spectroscopy, immunoprecipitation and mutational studies, and functional evaluations. Results We show that the significant decrease in claudin-2 expression characterized PTE cells and Ex-vivo cultured mouse kidney subjected to dedifferentiation. Inhibition of claudin-2 was enough to induce mesenchymal plasticity and invasive mobility in these models. Further, a progressive loss of claudin-2 expression associated with the RCC progression and poor patient survival. Overexpression of claudin-2 in RCC-derived cancer cells inhibited tumorigenic abilities and xenograft tumor growth. These data supported a novel tumor-suppressive role of claudin-2 in RCC. Mechanistic insights further revealed that claudin-2 associates with YAP-protein and modulates its phosphorylation (S127) and nuclear expression. The tumor suppressive effects of claudin-2 expression were lost upon deletion of its PDZ-binding motif emphasizing the critical role of the PDZ-domain in claudin-2 interaction with YAP in regulating RCC malignancy. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a novel kidney specific tumor suppressive role for claudin-2 protein and further demonstrate that claudin-2 co-operates with the YAP signaling in regulating the RCC malignancy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01870-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Giovanna A Giannico
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Vinata Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.,Member, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA. .,Member, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA. .,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
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26
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Lei F, Xi X, Rachagani S, Seshacharyulu P, Talmon GA, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK, Bronich TK. Nanoscale platform for delivery of active IRINOX to combat pancreatic cancer. J Control Release 2020; 330:1229-1243. [PMID: 33217475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to its late diagnosis and dismal prognosis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most devastating solid malignancies, with only 9% of patients surviving after being diagnosed. A multidrug chemotherapeutic regimen FOL-F-IRIN-OX (combination of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) offers survival benefits superior to that of gemcitabine single agent, but the treatment-related side effects are also severe. To overcome this therapeutic barrier, we developed polymeric micelles bearing active formats of irinotecan and oxaliplatin, SN38 and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane‑platinum (II), DACHPt. Crosslinked micelles were prepared using amphiphilic PEG-b-poly(L-glutamic acid)/SN38 conjugates and subsequently loaded with DACHPt. The dual drug-loaded micelles exhibited improved colloidal stability, prolonged drug release and remarkable cytotoxicity in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and KrasG12D; Trp52R172H/+; Pdx-1 Cre murine tumor organoids models. In vivo, (SN38 + DACHPt)-loaded micelles displayed superior antitumor and antimetastatic activities without impairing safety. Our results suggest that nanomedicine mimicking irinotecan and oxaliplatin as parts of FOLFIRINOX regimen may further improve the feasibility of this multidrug treatment for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Xinyuan Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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27
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Olson MT, Wojtynek NE, Talmon GA, Caffrey TC, Radhakrishnan P, Ly QP, Hollingsworth MA, Mohs AM. Development of a MUC16-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Antibody Conjugate for Intraoperative Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1670-1681. [PMID: 32404409 PMCID: PMC8009292 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection is currently the only potentially curative option for patients with pancreatic cancer. However, the 5-year survival rate after resection is only 25%, due in part to high rates of R1 resections, in which cells are left behind at the surgical margin, resulting in disease recurrence. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) has emerged as a method to reduce incomplete resections and improve intraoperative assessment of cancer. Mucin-16 (MUC16), a protein biomarker highly overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, is a potential target for FGS. In this study, we developed a fluorescent MUC16-targeted antibody probe, AR9.6-IRDye800, for image-guided resection of pancreatic cancer. We demonstrated the efficacy of this probe to bind human pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo In an orthotopic xenograft model, AR9.6-IRDye800 exhibited superior fluorescence enhancement of tumors and lower signal in critical background organs in comparison to a nonspecific IgG control. The results of this study suggest that AR9.6-IRDye800 has potential for success as a probe for FGS in pancreatic cancer patients, and MUC16 is a feasible target for intraoperative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline T Olson
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nicholas E Wojtynek
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Thomas C Caffrey
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Quan P Ly
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Aaron M Mohs
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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28
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Copur MS, Talmon GA, Wedel W, Hart JD, Merani S, Vargasi LM. Hereditary vs Familial Pancreatic Cancer: Associated Genetic Syndromes and Clinical Perspective. Oncology (Williston Park) 2020; 34:196-201. [PMID: 32609864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a disease marked by high rates of mortality; it is mostly incurable at the time of diagnosis. Only about 7% of patients survive 5 years after diagnosis. Diagnosis at a late stage and rapid progression with minimal response to available treatments are the main reasons for this poor outcome. It is crucial to identify individuals at high risk of developing PDAC so preventive and early detection measures can be employed. Approximately 10% to 15% of PDAC cases have a hereditary or familial basis. In the majority of PDAC cases, no main causative gene has been identified, but several known germline pathogenic mutations have been shown to be related to an increased risk of this cancer. The presence of 2 or more patients with pancreatic cancer within the circle of first-degree relatives, without the presence of a causative germline mutation, is defined as familial pancreatic cancer; this accounts for 4% to 10% of PDAC. Based on the growing evidence supporting the benefit of germline genetic testing in patients with PDAC, both the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recently updated their guidelines to include recommendations around genetic testing for patients with pancreatic cancer. However, there is no general consensus on the group of patients and individuals who should be studied and screened. We present a demonstrative case and review the available data on hereditary and familial PDAC.
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29
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Kanchan RK, Perumal N, Atri P, Chirravuri Venkata R, Thapa I, Klinkebiel DL, Donson AM, Perry D, Punsoni M, Talmon GA, Coulter DW, Boue' DR, Snuderl M, Nasser MW, Batra SK, Vibhakar R, Mahapatra S. MiR-1253 exerts tumor-suppressive effects in medulloblastoma via inhibition of CDK6 and CD276 (B7-H3). Brain Pathol 2020; 30:732-745. [PMID: 32145124 PMCID: PMC7383594 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the four primary subgroups of medulloblastoma, the most frequent cytogenetic abnormality, i17q, distinguishes Groups 3 and 4 which carry the highest mortality; haploinsufficiency of 17p13.3 is a marker for particularly poor prognosis. At the terminal end of this locus lies miR-1253, a brain-enriched microRNA that regulates bone morphogenic proteins during cerebellar development. We hypothesized miR-1253 confers novel tumor-suppressive properties in medulloblastoma. Using two different cohorts of medulloblastoma samples, we first studied the expression and methylation profiles of miR-1253. We then explored the anti-tumorigenic properties of miR-1253, in parallel with a biochemical analysis of apoptosis and proliferation, and isolated oncogenic targets using high-throughput screening. Deregulation of miR-1253 expression was noted, both in medulloblastoma clinical samples and cell lines, by epigenetic silencing via hypermethylation; specific de-methylation of miR-1253 not only resulted in rapid recovery of expression but also a sharp decline in tumor cell proliferation and target gene expression. Expression restoration also led to a reduction in tumor cell virulence, concomitant with activation of apoptotic pathways, cell cycle arrest and reduction of markers of proliferation. We identified two oncogenic targets of miR-1253, CDK6 and CD276, whose silencing replicated the negative trophic effects of miR-1253. These data reveal novel tumor-suppressive properties for miR-1253, i.e., (i) loss of expression via epigenetic silencing; (ii) negative trophic effects on tumor aggressiveness; and (iii) downregulation of oncogenic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana K Kanchan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Naveenkumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE
| | - David L Klinkebiel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Andrew M Donson
- Morgan Adams Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Deborah Perry
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Michael Punsoni
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Donald W Coulter
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Daniel R Boue'
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Morgan Adams Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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30
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Garcia E, Kundu I, Kelly M, Soles R, Mulder L, Talmon GA. The American Society for Clinical Pathology's Job Satisfaction, Well-Being, and Burnout Survey of Pathologists. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 153:435-448. [PMID: 32080726 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine job satisfaction, well-being, job stress, and burnout among pathologists. METHODS The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design. The survey was administered online via the American Society for Clinical Pathology's (ASCP's) survey tool to elicit information about job satisfaction, well-being, job stress, and burnout among pathologists. RESULTS Job satisfaction is high and well-being is rated fair to good by most respondents. However, feelings of anxiety or worry about work, high levels of stress, and burnout are prevalent among pathologists. The main contributing factor to job stress, burnout, and work-life balance is quantity of workload. CONCLUSIONS Creating targeted interventions based on the results of this survey may help improve the type and quality of wellness programs for pathologists. Trust among team members, managers and clinicians, and institutions can help reduce stress and increase collaboration, engagement, and motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Garcia
- Institute for Science, Technology, and Public Policy, American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), Washington, DC
| | - Iman Kundu
- Institute for Science, Technology, and Public Policy, American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), Washington, DC
| | - Melissa Kelly
- Evaluation, Measurement and Assessment Department, Learning and Education Research Division, ASCP, Chicago, IL
| | - Ryan Soles
- Evaluation, Measurement and Assessment Department, Learning and Education Research Division, ASCP, Chicago, IL
| | - Lotte Mulder
- Department of Organizational Development and Leadership, ASCP, Chicago, IL
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
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Garcia E, Kundu I, Kelly M, Soles R, Mulder L, Talmon GA. The American Society for Clinical Pathology's Job Satisfaction, Well-Being, and Burnout Survey of Laboratory Professionals. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 153:470-486. [PMID: 32080719 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine job satisfaction, well-being, job stress, and burnout among laboratory professionals. METHODS The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design. The survey was administered online via the American Society for Clinical Pathology's survey tool, to elicit information about job satisfaction, well-being, job stress, and burnout among medical laboratory professionals. RESULTS Although this survey shows high job satisfaction among respondents, overall job-related stress is high and burnout is prevalent. The majority of the respondents rated their work-life balance as "fair." The main contributing factors to job stress, burnout, and work-life balance are quantity of workload and understaffing. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this survey, creating targeted interventions may help improve the quality of well-being programs for laboratory professionals. A comprehensive wellness program developed at the institutional, local, and national levels may improve morale and alleviate the recruitment and retention challenges faced by medical laboratory professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Garcia
- Institute for Science, Technology, and Public Policy, American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), Washington, DC
| | - Iman Kundu
- Institute for Science, Technology, and Public Policy, American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), Washington, DC
| | - Melissa Kelly
- Evaluation, Measurement, and Assessment Department, Learning and Education Research Division, ASCP, Chicago, IL
| | - Ryan Soles
- Evaluation, Measurement, and Assessment Department, Learning and Education Research Division, ASCP, Chicago, IL
| | - Lotte Mulder
- Department of Organizational Development and Leadership, ASCP, Chicago, IL
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
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Qi B, Crawford AJ, Wojtynek NE, Talmon GA, Hollingsworth MA, Ly QP, Mohs AM. Tuned near infrared fluorescent hyaluronic acid conjugates for delivery to pancreatic cancer for intraoperative imaging. Theranostics 2020; 10:3413-3429. [PMID: 32206099 PMCID: PMC7069077 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains poor. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging of tumors could improve staging and surgical resection, thereby improving prognosis. However, imaging pancreatic cancer with macromolecular delivery systems, is often hampered by nonspecific organ accumulation. Methods: We describe the rational development of hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates that vary in molecular weight and are conjugated to near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dyes that have differences in hydrophilicity, serum protein binding affinity, and clearance mechanism. We systematically investigated the roles of each of these properties on tumor accumulation, relative biodistribution, and the impact of intraoperative imaging of orthotopic, syngeneic pancreatic cancer. Results: Each HA-NIRF conjugate displayed intrapancreatic tumor enhancement. Regardless of HA molecular weight, Cy7.5 conjugation directed biodistribution to the liver, spleen, and bowels. Conjugation of IRDye800 to 5 and 20 kDa HA resulted in low liver and spleen signal while enhancing the tumor up to 14-fold compared to healthy pancreas, while 100 kDa HA conjugated to IRDye800 resulting in liver and spleen accumulation. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate that by tuning HA molecular weight and the physicochemical properties of the conjugated moiety, in this case a NIRF probe, peritoneal biodistribution can be substantially altered to achieve optimized delivery to tumors intraoperative abdominal imaging.
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Gupta S, Prajapati A, Gulati M, Gautam SK, Kumar S, Dalal V, Talmon GA, Rachagani S, Jain M. Irreversible and sustained upregulation of endothelin axis during oncogene-associated pancreatic inflammation and cancer. Neoplasia 2020; 22:98-110. [PMID: 31923844 PMCID: PMC6951489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its two receptors, endothelin receptor A (ETAR) and endothelin receptor B (ETBR) exhibit deregulated overexprerssion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatitis. We examined the expression pattern of endothelin (ET) axis components in the murine models of chronic and acute inflammation in the presence or absence of oncogenic K-ras. While the expression of endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), ET-1, ETAR and ETBR in the normal pancreas is restricted predominantly to the islet cells, progressive increase of ET receptors in ductal cells and stromal compartment is observed in the KC model (Pdx-1 Cre; K-rasG12D) of PDAC. In the murine pancreas harboring K-rasG12D mutation (KC mice), following acute inflammation induced by cerulein, increased ETAR and ETBR expression is observed in the amylase and CK19 double positive cells that represent cells undergoing pancreatic acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM). As compared to the wild type (WT) mice, cerulein treatment in KC mice resulted in significantly higher levels of ECE-1, ET-1, ETAR and ETBR, transcripts in the pancreas. Similarly, in response to cigarette smoke-induced chronic inflammation, the expression of ET axis components is significantly upregulated in the pancreas of KC mice as compared to the WT mice. In addition to the expression in the precursor pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN lesions) in cigarette smoke-exposure model and metaplastic ducts in cerulein-treatment model, ETAR and ETBR expression is also observed in infiltrating F4/80 positive macrophages and α-SMA positive fibroblasts and high co-localization was seen in the presence of oncogenic K-ras. In conclusion, both chronic and acute pancreatic inflammation in the presence of oncogenic K-ras contribute to sustained upregulation of ET axis components in the ductal and stromal cells suggesting a potential role of ET axis in the initiation and progression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprit Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Avi Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vipin Dalal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A. Talmon
- College of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135 USA
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Natarajan G, Perriotte-Olson C, Casey CA, Donohue TM, Talmon GA, Harris EN, Kabanov AV, Saraswathi V. Effect of nanoformulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase on chronic ethanol-induced alterations in liver and adipose tissue. Alcohol 2019; 79:71-79. [PMID: 30611703 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that nanoformulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Nano) attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in obese animals. Here, we sought to determine whether Nano treatment attenuates alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) and AT inflammation in alcohol-fed mice. METHODS We pre-treated E-47 cells (HepG2 cells that over-express CYP2E1) with native- or nano-superoxide dismutase (SOD) for 6 h, followed by treatment with ethanol and/or linoleic acid (LA), a free fatty acid. For in vivo studies, male C57BL/6 mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli control or ethanol liquid diet for 4 weeks. The mice received Nano once every 2 days during the last 2 weeks of ethanol feeding. RESULTS Our in vitro studies revealed that Nano pretreatment reduced LA + ethanol-induced oxidative stress in E-47 cells. Our in vivo experiments showed that ethanol-fed Nano-treated mice had 22% lower hepatic triglyceride levels than mice fed ethanol alone. Nano-treated ethanol-fed mice also had 2-fold lower levels of Cd68 and similarly reduced levels of Ccl2 and Mmp12 mRNAs, than in untreated ethanol-fed mice. We also noted that ethanol feeding caused a remarkable increase in hepatic and/or plasma MCP-1 and CCR2 protein, which was blunted in ethanol + Nano-treated animals. The hepatic content of SREBP-1c, a transcription factor that promotes lipogenesis, was higher in ethanol-fed mice than controls but was attenuated in ethanol + Nano-treated animals. Further, livers of ethanol + Nano-treated mice had significantly higher levels of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) than both control and ethanol-fed mice. In AT, the levels of Il6 mRNA, a hepatoprotective cytokine, and that of Arg1, a marker of anti-inflammatory macrophages, were significantly increased in ethanol + Nano-treated mice compared with control mice. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that Nano treatment attenuates ethanol-induced steatohepatitis and that this effect is associated with an apparent activation of AMPK signaling. Our data also suggest that Nano induces Arg1 and Il6 expression in AT, suggesting anti-inflammatory effects in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Curtis Perriotte-Olson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Carol A Casey
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Terrence M Donohue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States.
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Fatima I, Chauhan SS, Uppada SB, Talmon GA, Singh AB, Batra SK, Dhawan P. Abstract 2541: Mastl regulates EGFR signaling to promote pancreatic cancer progression. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Anti-cancer treatments act primarily by damaging the DNA of cancer cells. Upon DNA damage, cells stop proliferation at cell cycle checkpoints, which provides them time for DNA repair. Hence, pharmacological inhibition of checkpoint kinases in combination with the DNA damaging anti-cancer therapies is now emerging as promising cancer treatment strategy. In this regard, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies with a frightening resistance to chemotherapeutic and targeted approaches. Here, along with the KRAS-dependent signaling, receptor tyrosine kinases especially the EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling is strongly upregulated in PDAC. Importantly, Greatwall (Mastl; Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase-like) promotes normal G2-mitosis transition and is highly upregulated in multiple cancer types, and have been demonstrated to associate with therapy resistance. However, potential role of Mastl in pancreatic cancer progression/therapy resistance remains unknown. Our central hypothesis is that MASTL expression is (a) involved in cancer progression and intrinsic drug resistance (b) constitutes a potential therapeutic target for PDAC (c) correlates with EGFR expression and regulation.
Methods: We used immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and TCGA database analysis to examine Mastl expression, its association with EGFR in pancreatic cancer progression, and patient survival. Genetic and pharmacological manipulations for Mastl expression were performed and effects on proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were determined.
Results: A robust increase in Mastl expression characterized pancreatic cancer cells when compared with the non-transformed pancreatic cells. A similar upregulated expression of Mastl was found in samples originating from KPC mouse model of PDAC. Analysis of the human pancreatic cancer samples and the TCGA database strongly supported this outcome and suggested a positive association of the Mastl expression with cancer progression and patient mortality. Interestingly, genetic inhibition of Mastl expression in pancreatic cancer cells not only inhibited the ability of these cells to proliferate and invade through the matrix but also inhibited activation of the ErbB-family of tyrosine kinase receptors. Further studies revealed that overexpressing K-ras/mutant p53 pathway in HPNE cells (untransformed pancreatic cells) modulates Mastl expression, and thus suggested a causal correlation of Mastl with K-Ras/EGFR signaling in pancreatic cancer cells.
Conclusion: Our results suggest a cross talk of Mastl with K-ras/EGFR signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer progression. We hypothesize that combinatorial therapy targeting Mastl along with Gemcitabine would overcome the drug resistance in the PDAC. Thus, this study identifies a novel approach for the treatment of tumors resistant to traditional EGFR inhibitors.
Citation Format: Iram Fatima, Shailender S. Chauhan, Srijayaprakash Babu Uppada, Geoffrey A. Talmon, Amar B. Singh, Surinder K. Batra, Punita Dhawan. Mastl regulates EGFR signaling to promote pancreatic cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Fatima
- 1University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | | | | | - Amar B. Singh
- 2University of Nebraska Medical Center, Buffet Cancer Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- 2University of Nebraska Medical Center, Buffet Cancer Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Punita Dhawan
- 2University of Nebraska Medical Center, Buffet Cancer Center, Omaha, NE
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Seshacharyulu P, Rachagani S, Muniyan S, Siddiqui JA, Cruz E, Sharma S, Krishnan R, Killips BJ, Sheinin Y, Lele SM, Smith LM, Talmon GA, Ponnusamy MP, Datta K, Batra SK. FDPS cooperates with PTEN loss to promote prostate cancer progression through modulation of small GTPases/AKT axis. Oncogene 2019; 38:5265-5280. [PMID: 30914801 PMCID: PMC6597298 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), a mevalonate pathway enzyme, is highly expressed in several cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). To date, the mechanistic, functional, and clinical significance of FDPS in cancer remains unexplored. We evaluated the FDPS expression and its cancer-associated phenotypes using in vitro and in vivo methods in PTEN-deficient and sufficient human and mouse PCa cells and tumors. Interestingly, FDPS overexpression synergizes with PTEN deficiency in PTEN conditionally knockout mice (P < 0.05) and expressed significantly higher in human (P < 0.001) PCa tissues, cell lines, and murine tumoroids compared to respective controls. In silico analysis revealed that FDPS is associated with increasing Gleason score, PTEN functionally deficient status, and poor survival of PCa. Ectopic overexpression of FDPS promotes oncogenic phenotypes such as colony formation (P < 0.01) and proliferation (P < 0.01) through activation of AKT and ERK signaling by prenylating Rho A, Rho G, and CDC42 small GTPases. Of interest, knockdown of FDPS in PCa cells exhibits decreased colony growth and proliferation (P < 0.001) by modulating AKT and ERK pathways. Further, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PI3K but not AKT reduced FDPS expression. Pharmacological targeting of FDPS by zoledronic acid (ZOL), which is already in clinics, exhibit reduced growth and clonogenicity of human and murine PCa cells (P < 0.01) and 3D tumoroids (P < 0.02) by disrupting AKT and ERK signaling through direct interference of small GTPases protein prenylation. Thus, FDPS plays an oncogenic role in PTEN-deficient PCa through GTPase/AKT axis. Identifying mevalonate pathway proteins could serve as a therapeutic target in PTEN dysregulated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Eric Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sunandini Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ramakrishnan Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brigham J Killips
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yuri Sheinin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Subodh M Lele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Chugh S, Barkeer S, Rachagani S, Nimmakayala RK, Perumal N, Pothuraju R, Atri P, Mahapatra S, Thapa I, Talmon GA, Smith LM, Yu X, Neelamegham S, Fu J, Xia L, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Disruption of C1galt1 Gene Promotes Development and Metastasis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1608-1624. [PMID: 30086262 PMCID: PMC6219903 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) produce higher levels of truncated O-glycan structures (such as Tn and sTn) than normal pancreata. Dysregulated activity of core 1 synthase glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-β-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1) leads to increased expression of these truncated O-glycans. We investigated whether and how truncated O-glycans contributes to the development and progression of PDAC using mice with disruption of C1galt1. METHODS We crossed C1galt1 floxed mice (C1galt1loxP/loxP) with KrasG12D/+; Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice to create KPCC mice. Growth and progression of pancreatic tumors were compared between KPC and KPCC mice; pancreatic tissues were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry; immunofluorescence; and Sirius red, alcian blue, and lectin staining. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to disrupt C1GALT1 in human PDAC cells (T3M4 and CD18/HPAF) and levels of O-glycans were analyzed by lectin blotting, mass spectrometry, and lectin pulldown assay. Orthotopic studies and RNA sequencing analyses were performed with control and C1GALT1 knockout PDAC cells. C1GALT1 expression was analyzed in well-differentiated (n = 36) and poorly differentiated (n = 23) PDAC samples by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS KPCC mice had significantly shorter survival times (median 102 days) than KPC mice (median 200 days) and developed early pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias at 3 weeks, PDAC at 5 weeks, and metastasis at 10 weeks compared with KPC mice. Pancreatic tumors that developed in KPCC mice were more aggressive (more invasive and metastases) than those in KPC mice, had a decreased amount of stroma, and had increased production of Tn. Poorly differentiated PDAC specimens had significantly lower levels of C1GALT1 than well-differentiated PDACs. Human PDAC cells with knockout of C1GALT1 had aberrant glycosylation of MUC16 compared with control cells and increased expression of genes that regulate tumorigenesis and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In studies of KPC mice with disruption of C1galt1, we found that loss of C1galt1 promotes development of aggressive PDACs and increased metastasis. Knockout of C1galt1 leads to increased tumorigenicity and truncation of O-glycosylation on MUC16, which could contribute to increased aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Chugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Srikanth Barkeer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Naveenkumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4375, USA
| | - Xinheng Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Address Correspondence to: Surinder K. Batra, Ph.D., and Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A. Phone: 402-559-5455, Fax: 402-559-6650, and
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Address Correspondence to: Surinder K. Batra, Ph.D., and Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A. Phone: 402-559-5455, Fax: 402-559-6650, and
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Nimmakayala RK, Seshacharyulu P, Lakshmanan I, Rachagani S, Chugh S, Karmakar S, Rauth S, Vengoji R, Atri P, Talmon GA, Lele SM, Smith LM, Thapa I, Bastola D, Ouellette MM, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Cigarette Smoke Induces Stem Cell Features of Pancreatic Cancer Cells via PAF1. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:892-908.e6. [PMID: 29864419 PMCID: PMC6120776 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Aggressive pancreatic tumors contain cancer cells with stem cell features. We investigated whether cigarette smoke induces stem cell features in pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or clean air (controls) for up to 20 weeks; pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. HPNE and Capan1 cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), nicotine and nicotine-derived carcinogens (NNN or NNK), or clean air (controls) for 80 days and evaluated for stem cell markers and features using flow cytometry-based autofluorescence, sphere formation, and immunoblot assays. Proteins were knocked down in cells with small interfering RNAs. We performed RNA sequencing analyses of CSE-exposed cells. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to confirm the binding of FOS-like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOSL1) to RNA polymerase II-associated factor (PAF1) promoter. We obtained pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and matched nontumor tissues (n = 15) and performed immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Chronic exposure of HPNE and Capan1 cells to CSE caused them to increase markers of stem cells, including autofluorescence and sphere formation, compared with control cells. These cells increased expression of ABCG2, SOX9, and PAF1, via cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) signaling to mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and FOSL1. CSE-exposed pancreatic cells with knockdown of PAF1 did not show stem cell features. Exposure of cells to NNN and NNK led to increased expression of CHRNA7, FOSL1, and PAF1 along with stem cell features. Pancreata from KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre mice exposed to cigarette smoke had increased levels of PAF1 mRNA and protein, compared with control mice, as well as increased expression of SOX9. Levels of PAF1 and FOSL1 were increased in PDAC tissues, especially those from smokers, compared with nontumor pancreatic tissue. CSE exposure increased expression of PHD-finger protein 5A, a pluripotent transcription factor and its interaction with PAF1. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to cigarette smoke activates stem cell features of pancreatic cells, via CHRNA7 signaling and FOSL1 activation of PAF1 expression. Levels of PAF1 are increased in pancreatic tumors of humans and mice with chronic cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Seema Chugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Saswati Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Subodh M. Lele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, NE
| | - Dhundy Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, NE
| | - Michel M. Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Correspondence: Moorthy P. Ponnusamy and Surinder K. Batra, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A., Phone: 402-559-1170, Fax: 402-559-6650, (M.P.P) and (S.K.B)
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Correspondence: Moorthy P. Ponnusamy and Surinder K. Batra, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A., Phone: 402-559-1170, Fax: 402-559-6650, (M.P.P) and (S.K.B)
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Xie Y, Wang Y, Li J, Hang Y, Jaramillo L, Wehrkamp CJ, Phillippi MA, Mohr AM, Chen Y, Talmon GA, Mott JL, Oupický D. Cholangiocarcinoma therapy with nanoparticles that combine downregulation of MicroRNA-210 with inhibition of cancer cell invasiveness. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:4305-4320. [PMID: 30214622 PMCID: PMC6134930 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver malignancy with extremely poor therapeutic outcome due to high drug resistance, widespread metastasis and lack of effective treatment options. CCA progression and metastasis are regulated by multiple biological factors including multiple miRNAs and chemokine receptor CXCR4. The goal of this study was to test if nanotherapeutic blockade of CXCR4 by polymeric CXCR4 antagonist (PCX) combined with inhibition of hypoxia-inducible miR-210 cooperatively enhances therapeutic efficacy in CCA through reducing invasiveness, inducing cell killing, and reversing drug resistance. Methods: We first tested the activity of PCX to inhibit migration of CCA cells. We then prepared PCX/anti-miRNA nanoparticles and analyzed their miRNA delivery efficacy and anticancer activity in vitro. Finally, in vivo biodistribution assay and anticancer activity study were performed in CCA tumor-bearing mice. Results: Our results show that PCX had a broad inhibitory effect on cell migration, effectively delivered anti-miR-210, and downregulated miR-210 expression in CCA cells. Combination PCX/anti-miR-210 nanoparticles showed cytotoxic activity towards CCA cells and reduced the number of cancer stem-like cells. The nanoparticles reversed hypoxia-induced drug resistance and sensitized CCA cells to standard gemcitabine and cisplatin combination treatment. Systemic intravenous treatment with the nanoparticles in a CCA xenograft model resulted in prominent combined antitumor activity. Conclusion: Our findings support PCX-based nanoparticles as a promising delivery platform of therapeutic miRNA in combination CCA therapies.
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Mikuls TR, Duryee MJ, Rahman R, Anderson DR, Sayles HR, Hollins A, Michaud K, Wolfe F, Thiele GE, Sokolove J, Robinson WH, Lingampalli N, Nicholas AP, Talmon GA, Su K, Zimmerman MC, Klassen LW, Thiele GM. Enrichment of malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde antibody in the rheumatoid arthritis joint. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1794-1803. [PMID: 28957552 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize the expression of malondialdehdye-acetaldehyde (MAA) adducts and anti-MAA antibody in articular tissues and serum of patients with RA. Methods Paired sera and SF were examined from 29 RA and 13 OA patients. Anti-MAA antibody, RF, ACPA and total immunoglobulin were quantified. SF-serum measures were compared within and between disease groups. The presence and co-localization of MAA, citrulline and select leukocyte antigens in RA and OA synovial tissues were examined using immunohistochemistry. Results Circulating and SF anti-MAA antibody concentrations were higher in RA vs OA by 1.5- to 5-fold. IgG (P < 0.001), IgM (P = 0.006) and IgA (P = 0.036) anti-MAA antibodies were higher in paired RA SF than serum, differences not observed for total immunoglobulin, RF or ACPA. In RA synovial tissues, co-localization of MAA with citrulline and CD19+ or CD27+ B cells was demonstrated and was much higher in magnitude than MAA or citrulline co-localization with T cells, monocytes, macrophages or dendritic cells (P < 0.01). Conclusion Anti-MAA antibodies are present in higher concentrations in the RA joint compared with sera, a finding not observed for other disease-related autoantibodies. Co-localization of MAA and citrulline with mature B cells, coupled with the local enrichment of anti-MAA immune responses, implicates MAA-adduct formation in local autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted R Mikuls
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Rafid Rahman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Daniel R Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Harlan R Sayles
- College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Andrew Hollins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Kaleb Michaud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.,National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, KS
| | | | - Geoffrey E Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare Center and Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto
| | - William H Robinson
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Anthony P Nicholas
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Kaihong Su
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lynell W Klassen
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
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Natarajan G, Perriotte-Olson C, Bhinderwala F, Powers R, Desouza CV, Talmon GA, Yuhang J, Zimmerman MC, Kabanov AV, Saraswathi V. Nanoformulated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase exerts differential effects on glucose vs lipid homeostasis depending on the diet composition possibly via altered AMPK signaling. Transl Res 2017; 188:10-26. [PMID: 28867395 PMCID: PMC5819896 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) promotes glucose vs lipid metabolism depending on the diet type. We recently reported that nanoformulated SOD1 (Nano) improved lipid metabolism without altering glucose homeostasis in high-fat (HF) diet-fed mice. Here, we sought to determine the effects and potential mechanisms of Nano in modulating glucose and lipid homeostasis in mice fed a normal chow diet (CD) vs HF diet. Mice were fed a CD or a HF diet (45%) for 10 wk and injected with Nano once every 2 days for 15 days. The fasting glucose level was lower (P < 0.05) in CD + Nano-treated mice compared to control. Conversely, blood glucose was not altered but serum triglycerides were lower in HF + Nano-treated mice. Genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were reduced by Nano in the skeletal muscle of CD but not of HF diet-fed mice. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which promotes both glucose and lipid metabolism depending on the fuel availability, is activated by Nano in CD-fed mice. Moreover, Nano increased phosphorylation of ACC, a downstream target of AMPK, in both CD and HF diet-fed mice. Nano increased mitochondrial respiration in C2C12 myocytes in the presence of glucose or fatty acid, and this effect is inhibited by Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. Our data suggest that Nano promotes glucose and lipid metabolism in CD and HF diet-fed mice, respectively, and this effect is mediated partly via AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Curtis Perriotte-Olson
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Fatema Bhinderwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Neb; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Neb
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Neb; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Neb
| | - Cyrus V Desouza
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Neb; Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Jiang Yuhang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Neb.
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43
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Campbell WS, Karlsson D, Vreeman DJ, Lazenby AJ, Talmon GA, Campbell JR. A computable pathology report for precision medicine: extending an observables ontology unifying SNOMED CT and LOINC. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2017; 25:259-266. [PMID: 29024958 PMCID: PMC7378880 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocx097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The College of American Pathologists (CAP) introduced the first cancer synoptic reporting protocols in 1998. However, the objective of a fully computable and machine-readable cancer synoptic report remains elusive due to insufficient definitional content in Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) and Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC). To address this terminology gap, investigators at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) are developing, authoring, and testing a SNOMED CT observable ontology to represent the data elements identified by the synoptic worksheets of CAP. Methods Investigators along with collaborators from the US National Library of Medicine, CAP, the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization, and the UK Health and Social Care Information Centre analyzed and assessed required data elements for colorectal cancer and invasive breast cancer synoptic reporting. SNOMED CT concept expressions were developed at UNMC in the Nebraska Lexicon© SNOMED CT namespace. LOINC codes for each SNOMED CT expression were issued by the Regenstrief Institute. SNOMED CT concepts represented observation answer value sets. Results UNMC investigators created a total of 194 SNOMED CT observable entity concept definitions to represent required data elements for CAP colorectal and breast cancer synoptic worksheets, including biomarkers. Concepts were bound to colorectal and invasive breast cancer reports in the UNMC pathology system and successfully used to populate a UNMC biobank. Discussion The absence of a robust observables ontology represents a barrier to data capture and reuse in clinical areas founded upon observational information. Terminology developed in this project establishes the model to characterize pathology data for information exchange, public health, and research analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter S Campbell
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Daniel Karlsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Vreeman
- Regenstrief Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Audrey J Lazenby
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James R Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Mohr AM, Gould JJ, Kubik JL, Talmon GA, Casey CA, Thomas P, Tuma DJ, McVicker BL. Enhanced colorectal cancer metastases in the alcohol-injured liver. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 34:171-184. [PMID: 28168393 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic liver disease is a major cause of mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Alcohol consumption is a noted risk factor for secondary cancers yet the role of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is not defined. This work evaluated tumor cell colonization in the alcoholic host liver using a novel preclinical model of human CRC liver metastases. Immunocompromised Rag1-deficient mice were fed either ethanol (E) or isocaloric control (C) diets for 4 weeks prior to intrasplenic injection of LS174T human CRC cells. ALD and CRLM were evaluated 3 or 5 weeks post-LS174T cell injection with continued C/E diet administration. ALD was confirmed by increased serum transaminases, hepatic steatosis and expression of cytochrome P4502E1, a major ethanol-metabolizing enzyme. Alcohol-mediated liver dysfunction was validated by impaired endocytosis of asialoorosomucoid and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), indicators of hepatocellular injury and progressive CRC disease, respectively. Strikingly, the rate and burden of CRLM was distinctly enhanced in alcoholic livers with metastases observed earlier and more severely in E-fed mice. Further, alcohol-related increases (1.5-3.0 fold) were observed in the expression of hepatic cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10) and other factors noted to be involved in the colonization of CRC cells including ICAM-1, CCL-2, CCL-7, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Also, alcoholic liver injury was associated with altered hepatic localization as well as increased circulating levels of CEA released from CRC cells. Altogether, these findings indicate that the alcoholic liver provides a permissive environment for the establishment of CRLM, possibly through CEA-related inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Mohr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - John J Gould
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jacy L Kubik
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Carol A Casey
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Peter Thomas
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dean J Tuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benita L McVicker
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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45
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Sun K, Yajjala VK, Bauer C, Talmon GA, Fischer KJ, Kielian T, Metzger DW. Nox2-derived oxidative stress results in inefficacy of antibiotics against post-influenza S. aureus pneumonia. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1851-64. [PMID: 27526712 PMCID: PMC4995072 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocyte oxidative burst is the primary source of lethal lung injury during influenza and MRSA coinfection. Clinical post-influenza Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is characterized by extensive lung inflammation associated with severe morbidity and mortality even after appropriate antibiotic treatment. In this study, we show that antibiotics rescue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (Nox2)–deficient mice but fail to fully protect WT animals from influenza and S. aureus coinfection. Further experiments indicate that the inefficacy of antibiotics against coinfection is attributable to oxidative stress–associated inflammatory lung injury. However, Nox2-induced lung damage during coinfection was not associated with aggravated inflammatory cytokine response or cell infiltration but rather caused by reduced survival of myeloid cells. Specifically, oxidative stress increased necrotic death of inflammatory cells, thereby resulting in lethal damage to surrounding tissue. Collectively, our results demonstrate that influenza infection disrupts the delicate balance between Nox2-dependent antibacterial immunity and inflammation. This disruption leads to not only increased susceptibility to S. aureus infection, but also extensive lung damage. Importantly, we show that combination treatment of antibiotic and NADPH oxidase inhibitor significantly improved animal survival from coinfection. These findings suggest that treatment strategies that target both bacteria and oxidative stress will significantly benefit patients with influenza-complicated S. aureus pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keer Sun
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Vijaya Kumar Yajjala
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Christopher Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Karl J Fischer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Dennis W Metzger
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
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46
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Sun K, Yajjala VK, Bauer C, Talmon GA, Fischer KK, Kielian TL, Metzger DW. Nox2-derived oxidative stress results in inefficacy of antibiotics against post-influenza S. aureus pneumonia. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.200.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Clinical post-influenza S. aureus pneumonia is characterized by extensive lung inflammation, associated with severe morbidity and mortality even after appropriate antibiotic treatment. In this study, we found that antibiotics rescue NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2)-deficient mice but fail to fully protect WT animals from influenza and S. aureus coinfection. Further studies indicate that the inefficacy of antibiotics against coinfection is attributable to oxidative stress-associated inflammatory lung injury. However, Nox2-induced lung damage during coinfection was not associated with aggravated inflammatory cytokine response or cell infiltration but rather due to reduced survival of myeloid cells. Specifically, oxidative stress increased necrotic death of inflammatory cells, thereby resulting in lethal damage to surrounding tissue. Collectively, our results demonstrate that influenza infection disrupts the delicate balance between Nox2-dependent antibacterial immunity and inflammation. This disruption not only leads to increased susceptibility to S. aureus infection but also extensive lung damage. Importantly, we show that combination treatment of antibiotic and NADPH oxidase inhibitor significantly improved animal survival from coinfection. These findings suggest that treatment strategies that target both bacteria and oxidative stress will significantly benefit patients with influenza-complicated S. aureus pneumonia.
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Rohr JM, Kaschke HN, Bird JE, Nelson AM, Talmon GA. Teaching High School Students About Pathology: Development of a Secondary School-Focused Enrichment Course in Pathology and Physiology. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 145:617-21. [PMID: 27124933 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although pathology is a central discipline in medicine, many do not understand the role of pathologists and laboratory professionals. While there are efforts to educate the public, few focus on precollege students. METHODS To define a curriculum exposing high school students to major concepts in health and disease, while introducing them to professions that employ this knowledge. A semester-long class was designed to meet for 2-hour sessions semiweekly. Each session included a lecture given by a pathologist followed by group activities including hands-on gross or virtual laboratory experiences and clinical simulations. Content included epidemiology, biostatistics, and the critical evaluation of health-related articles in the popular press. Students were evaluated by examination, group assignments, and a capstone research project presentation. RESULTS Over 4 years (2011-2014), 114 of 122 students completed the course with a "B" or better. By course conclusion, students could articulate the link between tissue changes and clinical phenotypes. Surveys showed that 90% of students found the course appropriately challenging, 98% found the class appropriate for their learning style, and the teaching methods and course content received 99% approval. CONCLUSIONS We present a pathology course geared toward high school students that taught the foundations of human disease that allowed students to fully understand and engage in the material. Students felt that the knowledge earned was valuable and helped them to understand human health as well as inform their future career choices. This course could serve as a model for public outreach programs and for secondary and postsecondary educators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi N Kaschke
- High School Alliance, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Jaynie E Bird
- High School Alliance, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Ashlie M Nelson
- High School Alliance, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
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48
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Bares SH, Sandkovsky US, Talmon GA, Hutchins GF, Swindells S, Scarsi KK. Dolutegravir-induced colitis in an HIV-infected patient. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:281-2. [PMID: 26410169 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Bares
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Uriel S Sandkovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Grant F Hutchins
- Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susan Swindells
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kimberly K Scarsi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Abstract
A 56-year-old female with history of stage IIA adenosquamous lung carcinoma treated 13 months prior to presentation with lobectomy, mediastinal lymph node dissection, and adjuvant chemotherapy, presented for several weeks of worsening dyspnea. Exam was non-focal aside from tachycardia. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a large 4 cm × 5 cm mass in the bilateral ventricular myocardium. There was also evidence of metastatic disease elsewhere in the body, including a supraclavicular lymph node that was positive for metastatic adenosquamous lung carcinoma. She started whole heart radiotherapy and was to commence chemotherapy but passed away. This report discusses important aspects of diagnosis of this not uncommon condition that many oncologists may come across. We also discuss differential diagnosis of an isolated intracardiac mass as first-diagnosis presentations, and discuss the great importance of multidisciplinary cardio-oncologic management and clinical prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
| | - Weining K Zhen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE , USA
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Abstract
Situations encountered on-call often bring some of the most unique and educationally rich questions to a pathology resident's attention which can be difficult to incorporate into institutional memory. A searchable online site (wiki) provides an easily accessible platform by which to do this and could serve as a valuable after-hour resident resource. Therefore, we evaluated a wiki's usefulness by creating a wiki using Campuspack for residents to catalog uncommon questions/situations encountered on call or rotations. After 41 months in use, analytic software embedded in the site was queried for usage statistics and one year's cohort of residents was surveyed to assess the wiki's value. Since the sites inception, over 7200 individual interactions with the site were recorded, with June through August being the most active period each year. Of the 15 residents surveyed, 60% utilized the site to answer a clinical question at least monthly and the majority (93%) considered the wiki a valuable on call resource. These findings suggest that an on-call wiki is a convenient tool for capturing the unique situations that pathology residents encounter. The majority of residents find the site a valuable resource and utilize it to answer clinical questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Greenwood
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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