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Rodríguez-Escribano D, Pliego-Magán R, de Salas F, Aza P, Gentili P, Ihalainen P, Levée T, Meyer V, Petit-Conil M, Tapin-Lingua S, Lecourt M, Camarero S. Tailor-made alkaliphilic and thermostable fungal laccases for industrial wood processing. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:149. [PMID: 36581887 PMCID: PMC9798632 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the kraft process to obtain cellulosic pulp from wood, most of the lignin is removed by high-temperature alkaline cooking, released in the black liquors and usually incinerated for energy. However, kraft lignins are a valuable source of phenolic compounds that can be valorized in new bio-based products. The aim of this work is to develop laccases capable of working under the extreme conditions of high temperature and pH, typical of the industrial conversion of wood into kraft pulp and fibreboard, in order to provide extremophilic biocatalysts for depolymerising kraft lignin, and enzyme-assisted technologies for kraft pulp and fibreboard production. RESULTS Through systematic enzyme engineering, combining enzyme-directed evolution and rational design, we changed the optimal pH of the laccase for oxidation of lignin phenols from acidic to basic, enhanced the catalytic activity at alkaline pH and increased the thermal tolerance of the enzyme by accumulating up to eight mutations in the protein sequence. The extremophilic laccase variants show maximum activity at 70 °C and oxidize kraft lignin at pH 10. Their integration into industrial-type processes saves energy and chemicals. As a pre-bleaching stage, the enzymes promote kraft pulp bleachability and significantly reduce the need for chlorine dioxide compared to the industrial sequence. Their application in wood chips during fibreboard production, facilitates the defibering stage, with less energy required. CONCLUSIONS A set of new alkaliphilic and thermophilic fungal laccases has been developed to operate under the extreme conditions of high temperature and pH typical of industrial wood conversion processes. For the first time basidiomycete laccases of high-redox potential show activity on lignin-derived phenols and polymeric lignin at pH 10. Considering the extreme conditions of current industrial processes for kraft pulp and fibreboard production, the new tailor-made laccases constitute a step forward towards turning kraft pulp mills into biorefineries. Their use as biocatalysts in the wood conversion sector is expected to support the development of more environmentally sound and efficient processes, and more sustainable products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Pliego-Magán
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe de Salas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Aza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrizia Gentili
- Sapienza Università Di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, RM Italy
| | | | - Thomas Levée
- MetGen Oy, Rakentajantie 26, 20780 Kaarina, Finland
| | - Valérie Meyer
- Centre Technique du Papier (CTP), Domaine Universitaire, 38044 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Michel Petit-Conil
- Centre Technique du Papier (CTP), Domaine Universitaire, 38044 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Michael Lecourt
- FCBA Institut Technologique, 341 Rue de La Papeterie, 38610 Gières, France
| | - Susana Camarero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Malhotra M, Suman SK. Laccase-mediated delignification and detoxification of lignocellulosic biomass: removing obstacles in energy generation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58929-58944. [PMID: 33712950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rising global population and worldwide industrialization have led to unprecedented energy demand that is causing fast depletion of fossil reserves. This has led to search for alternative energy sources that are renewable and environment friendly. Use of lignocellulosic biomass for energy generation is considered a promising approach as it does not compete with food supply. However, the lignin component of the biomass acts as a natural barrier that prevents its efficient utilization. In order to remove the lignin and increase the amount of fermentable sugars, the lignocellulosic biomass is pretreated using physical and chemical methods which are costly and hazardous for environment. Moreover, during the traditional pretreatment process, numerous inhibitory compounds are generated that adversely affect the growth of fermentative microbes. Alternatively, biological methods that use microbes and their enzymes disrupt lignin polymers and increase the accessibility of the carbohydrates for the sugar generation. Microbial laccases have been considered as an efficient biocatalyst for delignification and detoxification offering a green initiative for energy generation process. The present review aims to bring together recent studies in bioenergy generation using laccase biocatalyst in the pretreatment processes. The work provides an overview of the sustainable and eco-friendly approach of biological delignification and detoxification through whole-cell and enzymatic methods, use of laccase-mediator system, and immobilized laccases for this purpose. It also summarizes the advantages, associated challenges, and potential prospects to overcome the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Malhotra
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Suman
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India.
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Freitas DF, da Rocha IM, Vieira-da-Motta O, de Paula Santos C. The Role of Melanin in the Biology and Ecology of Nematophagous Fungi. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:597-613. [PMID: 34232439 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a heteropolymer formed by the polymerization of phenolic and indolic compounds. It occurs in organisms across all biological kingdoms and has a range different of functions, thus indicating its important evolutionary role. The presence of melanin offers several protective advantages, including against ultraviolet radiation, traumatic damage, oxidative stress, extreme temperatures, and pressure. For many species of fungi, melanin also participates directly in the process of virulence and pathogenicity. These organisms can synthesize melanin in two main ways: using a substrate of endogenous origin, involving 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN); alternatively, in an exogenous manner with the addition of L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA or levodopa). As melanin is an amorphous and complex substance, its study requires expensive and inaccessible technologies and analyses are often difficult to perform with conventional biochemical techniques. As such, details about its chemical structure are not yet fully understood, particularly for nematophagous fungi that remain poorly studied. Thus, this review presents an overview of the different types of melanin, with an emphasis on fungi, and discusses the role of melanin in the biology and ecology of nematophagous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivid França Freitas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Izabelli Martins da Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Olney Vieira-da-Motta
- Animal Health Laboratory - Infectious Contagious Diseases Sector, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Clóvis de Paula Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil.
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White-Rot Fungi for Bioremediation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contaminated Soil. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shindhal T, Rakholiya P, Varjani S, Pandey A, Ngo HH, Guo W, Ng HY, Taherzadeh MJ. A critical review on advances in the practices and perspectives for the treatment of dye industry wastewater. Bioengineered 2020; 12:70-87. [PMID: 33356799 PMCID: PMC8806354 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1863034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid industrialization has provided comforts to mankind but has also impacted the environment harmfully. There has been severe increase in the pollution due to several industries, in particular due to dye industry, which generate huge quantities of wastewater containing hazardous chemicals. Although tremendous developments have taken place for the treatment and management of such wastewater through chemical or biological processes, there is an emerging shift in the approach, with focus shifting on resource recovery from such wastewater and also their management in sustainable manner. This review article aims to present and discuss the most advanced and state-of-art technical and scientific developments about the treatment of dye industry wastewater, which include advanced oxidation process, membrane filtration technique, microbial technologies, bio-electrochemical degradation, photocatalytic degradation, etc. Among these technologies, microbial degradation seems highly promising for resource recovery and sustainability and has been discussed in detail as a promising approach. This paper also covers the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toral Shindhal
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board , Gandhinagar, India.,Biotechnology Department, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya , Gandhinagar, India
| | - Parita Rakholiya
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board , Gandhinagar, India.,Biotechnology Department, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya , Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board , Gandhinagar, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre of Innovation and Translation Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Lucknow, India
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - How Yong Ng
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Environmental Research Institute , Singapore, Singapore
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Arregui L, Ayala M, Gómez-Gil X, Gutiérrez-Soto G, Hernández-Luna CE, Herrera de los Santos M, Levin L, Rojo-Domínguez A, Romero-Martínez D, Saparrat MCN, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Laccases: structure, function, and potential application in water bioremediation. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:200. [PMID: 31727078 PMCID: PMC6854816 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global rise in urbanization and industrial activity has led to the production and incorporation of foreign contaminant molecules into ecosystems, distorting them and impacting human and animal health. Physical, chemical, and biological strategies have been adopted to eliminate these contaminants from water bodies under anthropogenic stress. Biotechnological processes involving microorganisms and enzymes have been used for this purpose; specifically, laccases, which are broad spectrum biocatalysts, have been used to degrade several compounds, such as those that can be found in the effluents from industries and hospitals. Laccases have shown high potential in the biotransformation of diverse pollutants using crude enzyme extracts or free enzymes. However, their application in bioremediation and water treatment at a large scale is limited by the complex composition and high salt concentration and pH values of contaminated media that affect protein stability, recovery and recycling. These issues are also associated with operational problems and the necessity of large-scale production of laccase. Hence, more knowledge on the molecular characteristics of water bodies is required to identify and develop new laccases that can be used under complex conditions and to develop novel strategies and processes to achieve their efficient application in treating contaminated water. Recently, stability, efficiency, separation and reuse issues have been overcome by the immobilization of enzymes and development of novel biocatalytic materials. This review provides recent information on laccases from different sources, their structures and biochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and application in the bioremediation and biotransformation of contaminant molecules in water. Moreover, we discuss a series of improvements that have been attempted for better organic solvent tolerance, thermo-tolerance, and operational stability of laccases, as per process requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Arregui
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, C.P. 05348 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Ayala
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Ximena Gómez-Gil
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Soto
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa, 66059 Colonia Ex hacienda El Canadá, General Escobedo, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Carlos Eduardo Hernández-Luna
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán, Cd. Universitaria, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Mayra Herrera de los Santos
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Laura Levin
- Laboratorio de Micología Experimental, DBBE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INMIBO-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, C1428BGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo Rojo-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, C.P. 05348 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Romero-Martínez
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Mario C. N. Saparrat
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CCT-La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET), Diag. 113 y 61, 327CC, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 53 # 477, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
| | - Norma A. Valdez-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP. 70228, Mexico City, CP. 04510 Mexico
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Akpinar M, Urek RO. Purification, Biochemical Characterization and Decolorization Efficiency of Laccases from Peach and Cherry Cultures of Pleutorus eryngii: A Comparative Study. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 27:623-634. [PMID: 31721687 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666191112145521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laccases (Lacs) are used potentially in industrial and biotechnological applications such as decolorization of dyes, degradation of industrial effluents, delignification, etc. thanks to their large varieties of substrate specificities and excellent catalytic efficiencies. The efficient utilizations of Lacs in these applications mostly depend on the identifying their biochemical properties. OBJECTIVE The goal of this research is to investigate the purification, biochemical characterization and decolorization efficiencies of Lacs. METHODS Pleurotus eryngii was incubated on peach (PC) and cherry (CC) wastes under optimized solid state fermentation conditions. Then, the enzymes extracts were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, respectively. Lacs fractions were subjected to electrophoretic analyses as well as their structural and kinetic characteristics. Also, the effects of selected chemical agents on purified Lacs activities and determination of decolorization efficiencies were studied. RESULTS As the results of purification processes of Lacs from both cultures, 3.94-fold purification was obtained for PC, while it was 5.34 for CC. The electrophoretic results of purified Lacs illustrated the single bands of protein (30±1 kDa) in accordance with the results after gel filtration. The Km values of Lacs from PC and CC were respectively detected as 1.1381 and 0.329 mM for ABTS. The selected agents partially/completely inhibited Lac activities. The highest decolorization efficiencies of purified Lacs from PC and CC were separately obtained as 53 and 11.8%. CONCLUSION The results clearly indicated that the performances of Lacs from both cultures in decolorization application are different from each other depending their activities, biochemical and kinetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Akpinar
- Chemistry Department, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Raziye Ozturk Urek
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca-Izmir, Turkey
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Postemsky PD, Bidegain MA, Lluberas G, Lopretti MI, Bonifacino S, Inés Landache M, Zygadlo JA, Fernández-Lahore M, Omarini AB. Biorefining via solid-state fermentation of rice and sunflower by-products employing novel monosporic strains from Pleurotus sapidus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121692. [PMID: 31265963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pleurotus sapidus monokaryotic strains (Mk) were screened as a novel source of mycelia to valorize rice straw (RS), rice husks (RH) and sunflower seed hulls (SSH) into value-added products through solid-state fermentation (SSF). P. sapidus Dk3174 basidiospores were cultured in the presence of Remazol Brillant Blue R for strain selection, revealing the ligninolytic ability of emerging colonies. Further screening demonstrated the intraspecific variability in dye degradation and enzyme production of 63 strains. Growth rate, biomass and enzyme production in plates containing RS, RH or SSH pointed at MkP6 as a suitable strain for pilot-scale SSF. MkP6 presented a similar laccase profile as the parental Dk3174, being greater in pasteurized substrates (300-1200 U/Kg) than in sterilized substrates (30-250 U/Kg). Peroxidase represented 25% of the total ligninolytic activity measured. The SSH fermented biomass with MkP6 obtained good yields of nanocellulose (67%) and the saccharide release for ethanol production increased by 3-4 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo D Postemsky
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms, Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS-UNS/CONICET), Camino de La Carrindaga Km7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano A Bidegain
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms, Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS-UNS/CONICET), Camino de La Carrindaga Km7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Lluberas
- Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Facultad de Ciencias, CIN, Mataojos s/n, Malvin Norte, Montevideo, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mary I Lopretti
- Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Facultad de Ciencias, CIN, Mataojos s/n, Malvin Norte, Montevideo, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvana Bonifacino
- Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Facultad de Ciencias, CIN, Mataojos s/n, Malvin Norte, Montevideo, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Inés Landache
- Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Julio A Zygadlo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, IMBIV-UNC/CONICET, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Fernández-Lahore
- Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alejandra B Omarini
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, INCITAP-UNLPam/CONICET, Mendoza 109, L6300DUG Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
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