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Manjunatha UH, Lakshminarayana SB, Jumani RS, Chao AT, Young JM, Gable JE, Knapp M, Hanna I, Galarneau JR, Cantwell J, Kulkarni U, Turner M, Lu P, Darrell KH, Watson LC, Chan K, Patra D, Mamo M, Luu C, Cuellar C, Shaul J, Xiao L, Chen YB, Carney SK, Lakshman J, Osborne CS, Zambriski JA, Aziz N, Sarko C, Diagana TT. Cryptosporidium PI(4)K inhibitor EDI048 is a gut-restricted parasiticidal agent to treat paediatric enteric cryptosporidiosis. Nat Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41564-024-01810-x. [PMID: 39379634 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Diarrhoeal disease caused by Cryptosporidium is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young and malnourished children from low- and middle-income countries, with no vaccine or effective treatment. Here we describe the discovery of EDI048, a Cryptosporidium PI(4)K inhibitor, designed to be active at the infection site in the gastrointestinal tract and undergo rapid metabolism in the liver. By using mutational analysis and crystal structure, we show that EDI048 binds to highly conserved amino acid residues in the ATP-binding site. EDI048 is orally efficacious in an immunocompromised mouse model despite negligible circulating concentrations, thus demonstrating that gastrointestinal exposure is necessary and sufficient for efficacy. In neonatal calves, a clinical model of cryptosporidiosis, EDI048 treatment resulted in rapid resolution of diarrhoea and significant reduction in faecal oocyst shedding. Safety and pharmacological studies demonstrated predictable metabolism and low systemic exposure of EDI048, providing a substantial safety margin required for a paediatric indication. EDI048 is a promising clinical candidate for the treatment of life-threatening paediatric cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajiv S Jumani
- Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Alexander T Chao
- Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan E Gable
- Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Mark Knapp
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Imad Hanna
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peichao Lu
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Kristen H Darrell
- Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Metagenomi, Inc., Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Lucy C Watson
- Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Chan
- Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Debjani Patra
- Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Shaul
- Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Absci Corporation, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Linda Xiao
- Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Ying-Bo Chen
- Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Shannon K Carney
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for One Health Research, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jay Lakshman
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Colin S Osborne
- Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Zambriski
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for One Health Research, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Veterinarians for Global Solutions, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Natasha Aziz
- Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Jitobaom K, Peerapen P, Boonyuen U, Meewan I, Boonarkart C, Sirihongthong T, Thongon S, Thongboonkerd V, Auewarakul P. Identification of inositol monophosphatase as a broad-spectrum antiviral target of ivermectin. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29552. [PMID: 38511598 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Ivermectin has broad-spectrum antiviral activities. Despite the failure in clinical application of COVID-19, it can serve as a lead compound for the development of more effective broad-spectrum antivirals, for which a better understanding of its antiviral mechanisms is essential. We thus searched for potential novel targets of ivermectin in host cells by label-free thermal proteomic profiling using Huh-7 cells. Inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) was found among the proteins with shifted thermal stability by ivermectin. Ivermectin could inhibit IMPase activity and reduce cellular myo-inositol and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate levels. On the other hand, inositol could impair the antiviral activity of ivermectin and lithium, an IMPase inhibitor with known antiviral activity. As phosphatidylinositol phosphate is crucial for the replication of many RNA viruses, inhibition of cellular myo-inositol biosynthesis may be an important antiviral mechanism of ivermectin. Hence, inhibition of IMPase could serve as a potential target for broad-spectrum antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlakanya Jitobaom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ittipat Meewan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chompunuch Boonarkart
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Sirihongthong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songkran Thongon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Auewarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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Meng X, Wijaya CS, Shao Q, Xu S. Triggered Golgi membrane enrichment promotes PtdIns(4,5)P2 generation for plasma membrane repair. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:214098. [PMID: 37158801 PMCID: PMC10176212 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and a capacity for efficiently repairing damaged membranes are essential for cell survival. Large-scale wounding depletes various membrane components at the wound sites, including phosphatidylinositols, yet little is known about how phosphatidylinositols are generated after depletion. Here, working with our in vivo C. elegans epidermal cell wounding model, we discovered phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) accumulation and local phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] generation at the wound site. We found that PtdIns(4,5)P2 generation depends on the delivery of PtdIns4P, PI4K, and PI4P 5-kinase PPK-1. In addition, we show that wounding triggers enrichment of the Golgi membrane to the wound site, and that is required for membrane repair. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological inhibitor experiments support that the Golgi membrane provides the PtdIns4P for PtdIns(4,5)P2 generation at the wounds. Our findings demonstrate how the Golgi apparatus facilitates membrane repair in response to wounding and offers a valuable perspective on cellular survival mechanisms upon mechanical stress in a physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinan Meng
- International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute , Haining Zhejiang, China
| | - Chandra Sugiarto Wijaya
- Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfang Shao
- International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute , Haining Zhejiang, China
| | - Suhong Xu
- International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute , Haining Zhejiang, China
- Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
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4
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Barlow-Busch I, Shaw AL, Burke JE. PI4KA and PIKfyve: Essential phosphoinositide signaling enzymes involved in myriad human diseases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 83:102207. [PMID: 37453227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipid phosphoinositides are master regulators of multiple cellular functions. Misregulation of the activity of the lipid kinases that generate phosphoinositides is causative of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, developmental disorders, immunodeficiencies, and inflammatory disease. This review will present a summary of recent discoveries on the roles of two phosphoinositide kinases (PI4KA and PIKfyve), which have emerged as targets for therapeutic intervention. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha (PI4KA) generates PI4P at the plasma membrane and PIKfyve generates PI(3,5)P2 at endo-lysosomal membranes. Both of these enzymes exist as multi-protein mega complexes that are under myriad levels of regulation. Human disease can be caused by either loss or gain-of-function of these complexes, so understanding how they are regulated will be essential in the design of therapeutics. We will summarize insight into how these enzymes are regulated by their protein-binding partners, with a major focus on the unanswered questions of how their activity is controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Barlow-Busch
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Alexandria L Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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5
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McPhail JA, Burke JE. Molecular mechanisms of PI4K regulation and their involvement in viral replication. Traffic 2023; 24:131-145. [PMID: 35579216 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid phosphoinositides are master signaling molecules in eukaryotic cells and key markers of organelle identity. Because of these important roles, the kinases and phosphatases that generate phosphoinositides must be tightly regulated. Viruses can manipulate this regulation, with the Type III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4KA and PI4KB) being hijacked by many RNA viruses to mediate their intracellular replication through the formation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P)-enriched replication organelles (ROs). Different viruses have evolved unique approaches toward activating PI4K enzymes to form ROs, through both direct binding of PI4Ks and modulation of PI4K accessory proteins. This review will focus on PI4KA and PI4KB and discuss their roles in signaling, functions in membrane trafficking and manipulation by viruses. Our focus will be the molecular basis for how PI4KA and PI4KB are activated by both protein-binding partners and post-translational modifications, with an emphasis on understanding the different molecular mechanisms viruses have evolved to usurp PI4Ks. We will also discuss the chemical tools available to study the role of PI4Ks in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A McPhail
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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6
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Wang Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Qin F, Wang L, Jiang L, Wang X, Chen R, He Y, Wei Q, Li S, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Dai Y, Bu Q, Zhao Y, Tian J, Wang H, Cen X. Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane induces adolescent neurobehavioral dysfunction by interfering with hippocampal glycerophoslipid metabolism in rats. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1955-1971. [PMID: 35584785 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane exposure in the neonatal period causes long-term developmental neuropsychological dysfunction, including memory impairment and anxiety-like behaviors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of neonatal exposure to sevoflurane on neurobehavioral profiles in adolescent rats, and applied an integrated approach of lipidomics and proteomics to investigate the molecular network implicated in neurobehavioral dysfunction. We found that neonatal exposure to sevoflurane caused cognitive impairment and social behavior deficits in adolescent rats. Lipidomics analyses revealed that sevoflurane significantly remodeled hippocampal lipid metabolism, including lysophatidylcholine (LPC) metabolism, phospholipid carbon chain length and carbon chain saturation. Through a combined proteomics analysis, we found that neonatal exposure to sevoflurane significantly downregulated the expression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), a key enzyme in the regulation of phospholipid metabolism, in the hippocampus of adolescent rats. Importantly, hippocampal LPCAT1 overexpression restored the dysregulated glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism and alleviated the learning and memory deficits caused by sevoflurane. Collectively, our evidence that neonatal exposure to sevoflurane downregulates LPCAT1 expression and dysregulates GP metabolism in the hippocampus, which may contribute to the neurobehavioral dysfunction in the adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Yantai University, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, #30 Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongchun Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Qin
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linhong Jiang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rong Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuman He
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qinfan Wei
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shu Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuzhou Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanping Dai
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Bu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Yantai University, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, #30 Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Yantai University, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, #30 Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China
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7
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De Pascale M, Bissegger L, Tarantelli C, Beaufils F, Prescimone A, Mohamed Seid Hedad H, Kayali O, Orbegozo C, Raguž L, Schaefer T, Hebeisen P, Bertoni F, Wymann MP, Borsari C. Investigation of morpholine isosters for the development of a potent, selective and metabolically stable mTOR kinase inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115038. [PMID: 36634458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling drives various types of cancers and neurological diseases. Rapamycin and its analogues (rapalogs) are first generation mTOR inhibitors, and selectively block mTOR complex 1 (TORC1) by an allosteric mechanism. In contrast, second generation ATP-binding site inhibitors of mTOR kinase (TORKi) target both TORC1 and TORC2. Here, we explore 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran (DHP) and tetrahydro-2H-pyran (THP) as isosteres of the morpholine moiety to unlock a novel chemical space for TORKi generation. A library of DHP- and THP-substituted triazines was prepared, and molecular modelling provided a rational for a structure activity relationship study. Finally, compound 11b [5-(4-(3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)-6-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine] was selected due its potency and selectivity for mTOR kinase over the structurally related class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) isoforms. 11b displayed high metabolic stability towards CYP1A1 degradation, which is of advantage in drug development. After oral administration to male Sprague Dawley rats, 11b reached high concentrations both in plasma and brain, revealing an excellent oral bioavailability. In a metabolic stability assay using human hepatocytes, 11b was more stable than PQR620, the first-in-class brain penetrant TORKi. Compound 11b also displayed dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity in splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) cell lines as single agent and when combined with BCL2 inhibition (venetoclax). Our results identify the THP-substituted triazine core as a novel scaffold for the development of metabolically stable TORKi for the treatment of chronic diseases and cancers driven by mTOR deregulation and requiring drug distribution also to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Pascale
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bissegger
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Florent Beaufils
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Omar Kayali
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Clara Orbegozo
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luka Raguž
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Schaefer
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hebeisen
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Chiara Borsari
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Nanobodies and chemical cross-links advance the structural and functional analysis of PI3Kα. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210769119. [PMID: 36095215 PMCID: PMC9499577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210769119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies and chemical cross-linking were used to gain information on the identity and positions of flexible domains of PI3Kα. The application of chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry (CXMS) facilitated the identification of the p85 domains BH, cSH2, and SH3 as well as their docking positions on the PI3Kα catalytic core. Binding of individual nanobodies to PI3Kα induced activation or inhibition of enzyme activity and caused conformational changes that could be correlated with enzyme function. Binding of nanobody Nb3-126 to the BH domain of p85α substantially improved resolution for parts of the PI3Kα complex, and binding of nanobody Nb3-159 induced a conformation of PI3Kα that is distinct from known PI3Kα structures. The analysis of CXMS data also provided mechanistic insights into the molecular underpinning of the flexibility of PI3Kα.
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9
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Structure-based design and modular synthesis of novel PI4K class II inhibitors bearing a 4-aminoquinazoline scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:129010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Zhu L, Guo Z, Zhang J, Yang Y, Liu C, Zhang L, Gu Z, Li Y, Ding Z, Shi G. Recombinant Human Arresten and Canstatin Inhibit Angiogenic Behaviors of HUVECs via Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168995. [PMID: 36012259 PMCID: PMC9409110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenetic inhibitors are crucial in tumor therapy, and endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors have attracted considerable attention due to their effectiveness, safety, and multi-targeting ability. Arresten and canstatin, which have anti-angiogenesis effects, are the c-terminal fragments of the α1 and α2 chains of type IV collagen, respectively. In this study, human arresten and canstatin were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli), and their effects on the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated. Regarding the cell cycle distribution test and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays, arresten and canstatin could repress the proliferation of HUVECs at a range of concentrations. Transwell assay indicated that the migration of HUVECs was significantly decreased in the presence of arresten and canstatin, while tube formation assays suggested that the total tube length and junction number of HUVECs were significantly inhibited by these two proteins; moreover, they could also reduce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt, which indicated that the activation of the 3-kinase/serine/threonine-kinase (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway was inhibited. These findings may have important implications for the soluble recombinant expression of human arresten and canstatin, and for the related therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhu
- Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zitao Guo
- Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-85918235
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Youran Li
- Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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11
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Xu Z, Shang W, Zhao Z, Zhang B, Liu C, Cai H. Curcumin alleviates rheumatoid arthritis progression through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway: an in vitro and in vivo study. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12899-12911. [PMID: 35609329 PMCID: PMC9276000 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2078942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and joint bone and cartilage destruction. Curcumin can improve joint inflammation in rats with arthritis and inhibit synovial revascularization and abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts. However, it is unclear whether curcumin affects the RA progression. The TNF-α-stimulated primary RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) and SV-40 transformed MH7A cells were used as the in vitro model of RA. A mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was used as the in vivo model. The effects of curcumin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and inflammatory response were assessed by colony formation, flow cytometry, wound scratch, Transwell assays, and western blotting analysis. Arthritis index scores and degree of paw swelling in mice were assessed to evaluate RA. Curcumin inhibited the TNF-α-induced proliferation, migration, invasion of MH7A and RA-FLS cells and promoted cell apoptosis. Administration with curcumin reversed the CIA-induced increase in arthritis scores, hind paw edema, and loss of appetite, while these effects were rescued by insulin-like growth factor 1, the upstream cytokine of PI3K/AKT. Moreover, curcumin suppressed the inflammatory response by reducing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 secretion in CIA-stimulated mice. Curcumin has an excellent anti-RA effect in vivo and in vitro, which is exerted by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-17 and inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, curcumin may be a promising candidate for anti-RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Shang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Zhang X, Ming Y, Fu X, Niu Y, Lin Q, Liang H, Luo X, Liu L, Li N. PI3K/AKT/p53 pathway inhibits infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus infection by regulating autophagy and immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:648-657. [PMID: 34968710 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/p53 signaling pathway is activated by various types of cellular stimuli or pathogenic infection, and then regulates fundamental cellular functions to combat these stimulations. Here, we studied the meaningful roles of PI3K/AKT/p53 in regulating cellular machine such as autophagy, immune responses, as well as antiviral activity in Chinese perch brain (CPB) cells infected by infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), which is an agent caused devastating losses in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) industry. We found that ISKNV infection induced up-regulation of host PI3K/AKT/p53 axis, but inhibited autophagy in CPB cells. Interestingly, activation of PI3K/AKT/p53 axis factors trough agonists or overexpression dramatically decreased host autophagy level, inhibited ISKNV replication, and elevated the expression of immune-related genes in CPB cells. In contrast, suppression of PI3K/AKT/p53 pathway by inhibitors or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silence increased the autophagy and ISKNV replication, but down-regulated immune responses in CPB cells. All these results indicate that PI3K/AKT/p53 pathway plays an important role in anti-ISKNV infection and can be used as a new target for controlling ISKNV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhang
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Xiaozhe Fu
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yinjie Niu
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Hongru Liang
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Ningqiu Li
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
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13
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Rathinaswamy MK, Fleming KD, Dalwadi U, Pardon E, Harris NJ, Yip CK, Steyaert J, Burke JE. HDX-MS-optimized approach to characterize nanobodies as tools for biochemical and structural studies of class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinases. Structure 2021; 29:1371-1381.e6. [PMID: 34348129 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in developing antibodies as modulators of signaling pathways. One of the most important signaling pathways in higher eukaryotes is the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which plays fundamental roles in growth, metabolism, and immunity. The class IB PI3K, PI3Kγ, is a heterodimeric complex composed of a catalytic p110γ subunit bound to a p101 or p84 regulatory subunit. PI3Kγ is a critical component in multiple immune signaling processes and is dependent on activation by Ras and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to mediate its cellular roles. Here we describe the rapid and efficient characterization of multiple PI3Kγ binding single-chain camelid nanobodies using hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry (MS) for structural and biochemical studies. We identify nanobodies that stimulated lipid kinase activity, block Ras activation, and specifically inhibited p101-mediated GPCR activation. Overall, our work reveals insight into PI3Kγ regulation and identifies sites that may be exploited for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Rathinaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Kaelin D Fleming
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Udit Dalwadi
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Els Pardon
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noah J Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Calvin K Yip
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jan Steyaert
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada; Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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14
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Abstract
Viral infections are a major health problem; therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Antivirals used to target proteins encoded by the viral genome usually enhance drug resistance generated by the virus. A potential solution may be drugs acting at host-based targets since viruses are dependent on numerous cellular proteins and phosphorylation events that are crucial during their life cycle. Repurposing existing kinase inhibitors as antiviral agents would help in the cost and effectiveness of the process, but this strategy usually does not provide much improvement, and specific medicinal chemistry programs are needed in the field. Anyway, extensive use of FDA-approved kinase inhibitors has been quite useful in deciphering the role of host kinases in viral infection. The present perspective aims to review the state of the art of kinase inhibitors that target viral infections in different development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Cárceles
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Caballero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Koch PA, Dornan GL, Hessenberger M, Haucke V. The molecular mechanisms mediating class II PI 3-kinase function in cell physiology. FEBS J 2021; 288:7025-7042. [PMID: 33387369 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of lipid-modifying enzymes plays vital roles in cell signaling and membrane trafficking through the production of 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides. Numerous studies have analyzed the structure and function of class I and class III PI3Ks. In contrast, we know comparably little about the structure and physiological functions of the class II enzymes. Only recent studies have begun to unravel their roles in development, endocytic and endolysosomal membrane dynamics, signal transduction, and cell migration, while the mechanisms that control their localization and enzymatic activity remain largely unknown. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the class II PI3Ks and outline open questions related to their structure, enzymatic activity, and their physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Alexander Koch
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Hessenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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