1
|
Ibbini J, Al-Kofahi S, Davis LC, Alrousan D, Elshebli M. Investigating the Potential of Fusarium solani and Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the Removal of 2,4,6-TNT. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2713-2727. [PMID: 37782454 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Past and recent applications of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in military and civilian industries have led to contamination of soil and marine ecosystems. Among various TNT remediation techniques, biological remediation is widely accepted for its sustainability, low cost, and scalable applications. This study was designed to isolate a fungus strain from a TNT-contaminated soil to investigate its tolerance to and potential for removal of TNT. Thus, a soil column with a history of periodic TNT amendment was used to isolate dominant strains of fungi Fusarium solani isolate, which is not commonly reported for TNT mineralization and was found predominant in the subsurface layer of the TNT-amended soil. F. solani was investigated for TNT concentration tolerance at 30, 70, and 100 mg/L on agar plates and for TNT removal in liquid cultures at the same given concentrations. F. solani activity was compared with that of a reference soil-born fungus that has been intensively studied for TNT removal (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. On agar media, F. solani showed a larger colony diameter than P. chrysosporium at similar TNT concentrations, indicating its high potential to tolerate toxic levels of TNT as found in contaminated sites. In the liquid culture medium, F. solani was able to significantly produce higher biomass than P. chrysosporium in all TNT concentrations. The TNT removal percentage from the liquid culture at the highest TNT concentration of 100 mg/L reached about 85% with F. solani, while P. chrysosporium was no better than 25% at the end of an 84-h incubation period. Results indicate a significant potential of using F. solani in the bioremediation of polluted TNT soils that overcome the high concentration barrier in the field. However, further investigation is needed to identify enzymatic potential and the most effective applications and possible limitations of this method on a large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jwan Ibbini
- Department of Land Management and Environment, Prince El-Hassan Bin Talal Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Salman Al-Kofahi
- Department of Land Management and Environment, Prince El-Hassan Bin Talal Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lawrence C Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dheaya Alrousan
- Department of Water Management and Environment, Prince El-Hassan Bin Talal Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Marwa Elshebli
- Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cabrera MÁ, Márquez SL, Pérez-Donoso JM. New insights into xenobiotic tolerance of Antarctic bacteria: transcriptomic analysis of Pseudomonas sp. TNT3 during 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene biotransformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:17256-17274. [PMID: 38337121 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The xenobiotic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a highly persistent environmental contaminant, whose biotransformation by microorganisms has attracted renewed attention. In previous research, we reported the discovery of Pseudomonas sp. TNT3, the first described Antarctic bacterium with the ability to biotransform TNT. Furthermore, through genomic analysis, we identified distinctive features in this isolate associated with the biotransformation of TNT and other xenobiotics. However, the metabolic pathways and genes active during TNT exposure in this bacterium remained unexplored. In the present transcriptomic study, we used RNA-sequencing to investigate gene expression changes in Pseudomonas sp. TNT3 exposed to 100 mg/L of TNT. The results showed differential expression of 194 genes (54 upregulated and 140 downregulated), mostly encoding hypothetical proteins. The most highly upregulated gene (> 1000-fold) encoded an azoreductase enzyme not previously described. Other significantly upregulated genes were associated with (nitro)aromatics detoxification, oxidative, thiol-specific, and nitrosative stress responses, and (nitro)aromatic xenobiotic tolerance via efflux pumps. Most of the downregulated genes were involved in the electron transport chain, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-related alcohol oxidation, and motility. These findings highlight a complex cellular response to TNT exposure, with the azoreductase enzyme likely playing a crucial role in TNT biotransformation. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of TNT biotransformation and aids in developing effective TNT bioremediation strategies. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first transcriptomic response analysis of an Antarctic bacterium during TNT biotransformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Ángeles Cabrera
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián L Márquez
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Científica y Cultural Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas 2280, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M Pérez-Donoso
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alvarado-Ramírez L, Rostro-Alanis MDJ, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J, Hernández Luna CE, Castillo-Zacarías C, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Biotransformation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by a cocktail of native laccases from Pycnoporus sanguineus CS43 under oxygenic and non-oxygenic atmospheres. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141406. [PMID: 38367881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a highly toxic nitroaromatic explosive known for its environmental consequences, contaminating soil and groundwater throughout its life cycle, from production to disposal. Therefore, the urgency of developing innovative and ecological strategies to remedy the affected areas is recognized. This study reports, for the first time, the enzymatic biotransformation of TNT by a cocktail of native laccases from Pycnoporus sanguineus CS43. The laccases displayed efficient TNT conversion under both oxygenic and non-oxygenic conditions, achieving biotransformation rates of 80% and 87% within 48 h at a temperature of 60 °C and pH 7. Preliminary kinetic constants were calculated with the laccase cocktail, being a Vmax of 1.133 μM min-1 and 0.2984 μM min-1, and the Km values were 1586 μM and 458 μM, in an oxygenic and non-oxygenic atmosphere, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) confirmed the formation of amino dinitrotoluene isomers and hydroxylamine isomers as biotransformation products. In summary, this study suggests the potential application of laccases for the direct biotransformation of recalcitrant compounds like TNT, offering an environmentally friendly approach to address contamination issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos Eduardo Hernández Luna
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán, Cd. Universitaria, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Castillo-Zacarías
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang X, Lai JL, Zhang Y, Luo XG. Toxicity analysis of TNT to alfalfa's mineral nutrition and secondary metabolism. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1273-1284. [PMID: 35305132 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa has the ability to degrade TNT. TNT exposure caused root disruption of mineral nutrient metabolism. The exposure of TNT imbalanced basal cell energy metabolism. The mechanism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) toxicity effects was analyzed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings by examining the mineral nutrition and secondary metabolism of the plant roots. Exposure to 25-100 mg·L-1 TNT in a hydroponic solution for 72 h resulted in a TNT absorption rate of 26.8-63.0%. The contents of S, K, and B in root mineral nutrition metabolism increased significantly by 1.70-5.46 times, 1.38-4.01 times, and 1.40-4.03 times, respectively, after TNT exposure. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of the roots identified 189 significantly upregulated metabolites and 420 significantly downregulated metabolites. The altered metabolites were primarily lipids and lipid-like molecules, and the most significant enrichment pathways were alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. TNT itself was transformed in the root system into several intermediate products, including 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4',6,6'-tetranitro-2',4-azoxytoluene, 4,4',6,6'-tetranitro-2,2'-azoxytoluene, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene. Overall, TNT exposure disturbed the mineral metabolism balance, and significantly interfered with basic plant metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jin-Long Lai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang X, Zhang Y, Lai JL, Luo XG, Han MW, Zhao SP, Zhu YB. Analysis of the biodegradation and phytotoxicity mechanism of TNT, RDX, HMX in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130842. [PMID: 34023765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal the mechanism underlying the toxicity of TNT (trinitrotoluene), RDX (cyclotrimethylene trinitroamine), and HMX (cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine) explosives pollution in plants. Here, the effects of exposure to these three explosives were examined on chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the metabolite spectrum in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. The degradation rates for TNT, RDX, and HMX by alfalfa were 26.8%, 20.4%, and 18.4%, respectively, under hydroponic conditions. TNT caused damage to the microstructure of the plant roots and inhibited photosynthesis, whereas RDX and HMX induced only minor changes. Exposure to any of the three explosives caused disturbances in the oxidase system. Non-targeted metabolomics identified a total of 6185 metabolites. TNT exposure induced the appearance of 609 differentially expressed metabolites (189 upregulated, 420 downregulated), RDX exposure induced 197 differentially expressed metabolites (155 upregulated and 42 downregulated), and HMX induced 234 differentially expressed metabolites (132 upregulated and 102 downregulated). Of these differentially expressed metabolites, lipids and lipid-like molecules were the main metabolites induced by explosives poisoning. TNT mainly caused significant changes in the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism metabolic pathways, RDX mainly caused disorders in the arginine biosynthesis metabolic pathway, and HMX disrupted the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway. Taken together, the results show that exposure to TNT, RDX, and HMX leads to imbalances in plant photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme systems, changes the basic metabolism of plants, and has significant ecotoxicity effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jin-Long Lai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education of, SWUST, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education of, SWUST, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Meng-Wei Han
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - San-Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
| | - Yong-Bing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol by Proteus sp. strain OSES2 obtained from an explosive contaminated tropical soil. Biodegradation 2021; 32:643-662. [PMID: 34487282 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) degrading bacterial strain isolated from a site polluted with explosives was identified as Proteus sp. strain OSES2 via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Metabolic investigation showed that the organism grew exponentially on 100 mg l-1 of TNP as a source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. In addition, the growth of the organism was sustainable on 3-nitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 4-nitrophenol, methyl-3-nitrobenzoate, 4-nitroaniline, aniline and nitrobenzene. Strain OSES2 was able to utilize TNP within a concentration range of 100 mg l-1 to 500 mg l-1. The specific growth rate and degradation rates on TNP were 0.01043 h-1 and 0.01766 mg l-1 h-1 respectively. Effective degradation of TNP in a chemically defined medium was evident with a gradual reduction in the concentration of TNP concomitant with an increase in cell density as well as the substantial release of ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2-), and nitrate (NO3-) as metabolites in 96 h. Degradation competence of the organism was enhanced in the presence of starch and acetate. On starch-supplemented TNP, the highest specific growth rate and degradation rates were 0.02634 h-1 and 0.04458 mg l-1 h-1, respectively, while the corresponding values on acetate were 0.02341 h-1 and 0.02811 mg l-1 h-1. However, amendment with nitrogen sources yielded no substantial improvement in degradation. TNP was utilized optimally at pH 7 to 9 and within the temperature range of 30 °C to 37 °C. The enzyme hydride transferase II [HTII], encoded by the npdI gene which is the first step involved in the TNP degradation pathway, was readily expressed by the isolate thus suggesting that substrate was utilized through the classical metabolic pathway.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lamba J, Anand S, Dutta J, Chatterjee S, Nagar S, Celin SM, Rai PK. Study on aerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using Pseudarthrobacter chlorophenolicus collected from the contaminated site. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:80. [PMID: 33486600 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene or TNT, a commonly used explosive, can pollute soil and groundwater. Conventional remediation practices for the TNT-contaminated sites are neither eco-friendly nor cost-effective. However, exploring bacteria to biodegrade TNT into environment-friendly compound(s) is an interesting area to explore. In this study, an indigenous bacterium, Pseudarthrobacter chlorophenolicus, strain S5-TSA-26, isolated from explosive contaminated soil, was investigated for potential aerobic degradation of TNT for the first time. The isolated strain of P. chlorophenolicus was incubated in a minimal salt medium (MSM) containing 120 mg/L TNT for 25 days at specified conditions. TNT degradation pattern by the bacterium was monitored at regular interval using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography mass spectrophotometric, by estimating nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium ion concentration and other metabolites such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2-DANT). It was observed that, in the presence of TNT, there was no reduction in growth of the bacterium although it multiplied well in the presence of TNT along with no considerable morphological changes. Furthermore, it was found that TNT degraded completely within 15 days of incubation. Thus, from this study, it may be concluded that the bacterium has the potential for degrading TNT completely with the production of non-toxic by-products and might be an important bacterium for treating TNT (i.e., a nitro-aromatic compound)-contaminated sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Lamba
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
- Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Shalini Anand
- Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Jayanti Dutta
- Human Resource Development Centre, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Soumya Chatterjee
- Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Tezpur, Assam, 784 001, India
| | - Shilpi Nagar
- Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - S Mary Celin
- Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Rai
- Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Fungal Secondary Metabolites for Bioremediation of Hazardous Heavy Metals. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Kober SL, Hollert H, Frohme M. Quantification of nitroaromatic explosives in contaminated soil using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5993-6003. [PMID: 31278552 PMCID: PMC6706601 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Contamination from various sources is a global environmental and health threat, with mining and military activities in particular having spread nitroaromatic compounds, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its degradation products and by-products, to the soil. The investigation and monitoring of large contaminated areas requires new detection methods since the established ones are expensive and time-consuming. Hence, we established a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene as the matrix substance and an internal standard for quantification. Analyzing standard substances, we found specific signals for radical and fragment ions of different nitrotoluenes and nitrobenzenes with good reproducibility and detection limits down to 0.25 ng/μL. The analysis of soil sample extracts from a former production site showed clear signals for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and the primary degradation products aminodinitrotoluenes. Furthermore, quantification gave results comparable to those obtained by conventional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The MALDI-TOF MS method has a comparatively lower reproducibility, with relative standard deviations of 6% to 20% for multiple measurements of standard solutions and soil sample extracts. Nevertheless, a comparison of both methods revealed the advantages of MALDI-TOF MS analysis of explosive-contaminated areas with regard to costs, time, and handling. Finally, our MALDI-TOF MS method fulfills all the needs for high sample throughput and can therefore be a valuable screening tool for explosive-contaminated areas. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Liane Kober
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745, Wildau, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745, Wildau, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khilyas IV, Lochnit G, Ilinskaya ON. Proteomic Analysis of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Degrading Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2600. [PMID: 29312267 PMCID: PMC5744042 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a common component of many explosives. The overproduction and extensive usage of TNT significantly contaminates the environment. TNT accumulates in soils and aquatic ecosystems and can primarily be destroyed by microorganisms. Current work is devoted to investigation of Yarrowia lipolytica proteins responsible for TNT transformation through the pathway leading to protonated Meisenheimer complexes and nitrite release. Here, we identified a unique set of upregulated membrane and cytosolic proteins of Y. lipolytica, which biosynthesis increased during TNT transformation through TNT-monohydride-Meisenheimer complexes in the first step of TNT degradation, through TNT-dihydride-Meisenheimer complexes in the second step, and the aromatic ring denitration and degradation in the last step. We established that the production of oxidoreductases, namely, NADH flavin oxidoreductases and NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenases, as well as transferases was enhanced at all stages of the TNT transformation by Y. lipolytica. The up-regulation of several stress response proteins (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase) was also detected. The involvement of intracellular nitric oxide dioxygenase in NO formation during nitrite oxidation was shown. Our results present at the first time the full proteome analysis of Y. lipolytica yeast, destructor of TNT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Khilyas
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Guenter Lochnit
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Olga N Ilinskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Avila-Arias H, Avellaneda H, Garzón V, Rodríguez G, Arbeli Z, Garcia-Bonilla E, Villegas-Plazas M, Roldan F. Screening for biosurfactant production by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-transforming bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:401-413. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Avila-Arias
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - H. Avellaneda
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - V. Garzón
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - G. Rodríguez
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Z. Arbeli
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - E. Garcia-Bonilla
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - M. Villegas-Plazas
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| | - F. Roldan
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA); Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Bogotá Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deshmukh R, Khardenavis AA, Purohit HJ. Diverse Metabolic Capacities of Fungi for Bioremediation. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:247-64. [PMID: 27407289 PMCID: PMC4920763 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioremediation refers to cost-effective and environment-friendly method for converting the toxic, recalcitrant pollutants into environmentally benign products through the action of various biological treatments. Fungi play a major role in bioremediation owing to their robust morphology and diverse metabolic capacity. The review focuses on different fungal groups from a variety of habitats with their role in bioremediation of different toxic and recalcitrant compounds; persistent organic pollutants, textile dyes, effluents from textile, bleached kraft pulp, leather tanning industries, petroleum, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and pesticides. Bioremediation of toxic organics by fungi is the most sustainable and green route for cleanup of contaminated sites and we discuss the multiple modes employed by fungi for detoxification of different toxic and recalcitrant compounds including prominent fungal enzymes viz., catalases, laccases, peroxidases and cyrochrome P450 monooxygeneses. We have also discussed the recent advances in enzyme engineering and genomics and research being carried out to trace the less understood bioremediation pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Deshmukh
- Environmental Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020 India
| | - Anshuman A. Khardenavis
- Environmental Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020 India
| | - Hemant J. Purohit
- Environmental Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020 India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kachlishvili E, Asatiani M, Kobakhidze A, Elisashvili V. Trinitrotoluene and mandarin peels selectively affect lignin-modifying enzyme production in white-rot basidiomycetes. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:252. [PMID: 27026944 PMCID: PMC4773374 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Five white-rot basidiomycetes (WRB) species have been evaluated for their potential to tolerate and to degrade 0.2 mM 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) as well as to produce laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) in presence of this xenobiotic. The tested fungal strains produced laccase in both glycerol and mandarin peels-containing media, whereas in the glycerol-containing medium only Cerrena unicolor strains and Trametes versicolor BCC 775 secreted MnP. Replacement of glycerol by milled mandarin peels 3- to 45-fold increased laccase activity, promoted C. unicolor strains and T. versicolor MnP secretion and induced this enzyme production by Fomes fomentarius BCC 38 and Funalia trogii BCC 146. Differential response of the WRB strains to the TNT addition was observed. In particular, laccase activity of C. unicolor increased 2- to 3-fold in both media whereas no stimulation of the laccase production was revealed in cultivation of F. fomentarius. TNT practically did not affect the MnP activity. Two strains of C. unicolor followed by T. versicolor producing laccase and MnP almost completely removed 0.2 mM TNT from the synthetic medium. Increase of TNT concentration from 0 to 0.4 mM in the mandarin peels-based medium and from 0 to 0.3 mM in the glycerol-containing medium stimulated C. unicolor BCC 300 laccase production from 92.4 to 240.7 U/ml and from 17.1 to 48.6 U/ml, respectively. This strain has been resistant to the TNT high concentration and has ability to remove 85 % of initial 0.3 mM TNT content during 6 days of the submerged cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kachlishvili
- Department of Plant Substrates Bioconversion, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Agmashenebeli alley, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mikheil Asatiani
- Department of Plant Substrates Bioconversion, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Agmashenebeli alley, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Aza Kobakhidze
- Department of Plant Substrates Bioconversion, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Agmashenebeli alley, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Vladimir Elisashvili
- Department of Plant Substrates Bioconversion, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Agmashenebeli alley, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chang YT, Lee JF, Liu KH, Liao YF, Yang V. Immobilization of fungal laccase onto a nonionic surfactant-modified clay material: application to PAH degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4024-35. [PMID: 25739840 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nonionic surfactant-modified clay is a useful absorbent material that effectively removes hydrophobic organic compounds from soil/groundwater. We developed a novel material by applying an immobilized fungal laccase onto nonionic surfactant-modified clay. Low-water-solubility polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (naphthalene/phenanthrene) were degraded in the presence of this bioactive material. PAH degradation by free laccase was higher than degradation by immobilized laccase when the surfactant concentration was allowed to form micelles. PAH degradation by immobilized laccase on TX-100-modified clay was higher than on Brij35-modified clay. Strong laccase degradation of PAH can be maintained by adding surfactant monomers or micelles. The physical adsorption of nonionic surfactants onto clay plays an important role in PAH degradation by laccase, which can be explained by the structure and molecular interactions of the surfactant with the clay and enzyme. A system where laccase is immobilized onto TX-100-monomer-modified clay is a good candidate bioactive material for in situ PAHs bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tang Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, 70, Linhsi Rd., Shinlin District, Taipei, 11102, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Fwu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan County, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Keng-Hua Liu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan County, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, 70, Linhsi Rd., Shinlin District, Taipei, 11102, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Yang
- School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) under sulfate and nitrate reducing conditions. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Zhu W, Wang R, Huang T, Wu F. The characteristics and two-step reaction model of p-nitroacetophenone biodegradation mediated by Shewanella decolorationis S12 and electron shuttle in the presence/absence of goethite. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:3116-3123. [PMID: 25244139 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.931471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study mainly focused on the biodegradation process of p-nitroacetophenone (NP) in the presence and absence of goethite mediated by iron-reducing microbe (Shewanella decolorationis S12) and electron shuttle. The results showed that introduction of electron shuttle could obviously lead to an accumulation of biodegradation intermediate, especially in reaction systems containing high content of electron shuttle in the absence of goethite. Goethite could enhance the degree and rate of NP biodegradation. The microbial reductively generated Fe(II) played an active role in the biodegradation process. The relationship between the concentrations of biodegradation end product and the reaction times could be fitted by a consecutive reaction model with correlation coefficients (adjusted R(2)) in the range from 0.9241 to 0.9831 during the biodegradation stage from the beginning to about 250 h of incubation. However, during the subsequent biodegradation stages, in the presence and absence of goethite, transitions from the consecutive reaction model to zero-order reaction model and from the consecutive reaction model to exponential growth reaction model were observed, respectively. The newly proposed two-step reaction model will help understand the mechanism of the biodegradation process of nitroaromatic compounds and related pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihuang Zhu
- a Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an 710055 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|