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De Smedt PSC, Oh YK, Yeo Y. Strengthening the editorial team's expertise on extracellular vesicles and inorganic drug carriers: JCR welcomes Prof. Pieter Vader and Prof. Yu Seok Youn as associate editors. J Control Release 2024; 368:iii-iv. [PMID: 38508530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
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Kamisetty MK, Medisetty R, Ramesh B, Pappureddy S, Kashanna J, Govinda V, Kishore R. An Analytical Method for Determination of Total Iron in Pharmaceuticalgrade Intravenous Iron Colloidal Complexes by Redox-Potentiometry. Pharm Nanotechnol 2023; 11:486-492. [PMID: 37151072 DOI: 10.2174/2211738511666230507190224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron carbohydrate complexes are colloidal dispersions made up of polynuclear Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide cores surrounded by a carbohydrate shell that stabilizes the complex in iron colloidal formulations. The current study provides an improved method that is precise, accurate, and linear for quantifying total iron in most Iron Carbohydrate Colloid Drug Products. METHODS Redox iodometry with a potentiometric determination is used to evaluate total iron in intravenous formulations. The visual indicator approach is more prone to fluctuations at endpoint calculations. Hence, the voltage potential approach is widely accepted as it is more accurate and sensitive. It tracks the actual change in activity that coincides with the equivalence point that is finally considered an endpoint. The principle is based on the idea that ferric iron in formulation reduces to ferrous iron in the presence of the iodide, which oxidizes to iodine. The released iodine is titrated using sodium thiosulfate. RESULTS The proposed method was precise, with %RSD (relative standard deviation) not more than 1. The method was linear between 80% and 120%, with a linear regression of 0.999. The percent recovery ranged from 98.20 to 99.98 for the concentration ranges of 80-120. The method's robustness was checked by various analysts using different reagent grades. CONCLUSION The proposed potentiometric determination method was precise, accurate, linear, and sensitive. The method was successfully validated, and the total iron content determined for commercial batches agrees with the iron claim on the label. Therefore, this method can be adapted widely for total iron content determination in any Intravenous formulation currently available on the market. The proposed method is more accessible at the Quality Control facilities on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhava Krishna Kamisetty
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Varadhi Govinda
- Department of Chemistry, Gayatri Vidya Parishad, College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Ravada Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
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Gaspar RS, Silva-Lima B, Magro F, Alcobia A, da Costa FL, Feio J. Non-biological Complex Drugs (NBCDs): Complex Pharmaceuticals in Need of Individual Robust Clinical Assessment Before Any Therapeutic Equivalence Decision. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:590527. [PMID: 33330550 PMCID: PMC7719831 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.590527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Biological Complex Drugs (NBCDs) are complex non-biological drugs comprised of large high molecular weight molecules and, often, nanoparticular structures (including liposomes and block-copolymer micelles). In the case of NBCDs, the entire complex is the active pharmaceutical ingredient and its properties cannot be fully characterized by physicochemical analysis. Moreover, the manufacturing process is fundamental in creating the correct originator product. The same is true for generic versions of the product. A recent appraisal of approval procedures for NBCDs "follow-on products" approved in Europe shows a diversity of regulatory pathways. In fact, three different abridged application procedures, under European legislation, were used: the generic application procedure of Article 10(1), the hybrid application procedure of Article 10(3), and the biosimilar application procedure of Article 10(4). Three informed consent applications via Article 10(c) from innovator companies of glatiramer acetate and sevelamer carbonate were submitted shortly after the approval of the first follow-on products. Furthermore, a number of "well-established use" applications [via Article 10(a)] were approved for iron sucrose and iron dextran complexes. In order to protect patients from the increased risks of NBCD products and NBCD follow-on products, two complementary approaches should be considered: (i) improving the regulatory procedures and their guidance documents within the pre-registration phase, and (ii) not considering interchangeability whenever clinical data is not available. With regards to the latter, the need for adequate safety and efficacy data might also include risk management programmes within post-approval pharmacovigilance actions. This, however, would depend on a risk appraisal that must be considered for individual medicinal products, based on the nature of the submitted relevant set of safety/efficacy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Sá Gaspar
- Departamento de Sócio Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa,Lisboa, Portugal
- Institute for Biosciences and Bioengineering (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva-Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUp), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Farmacologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Alcobia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Serviços Farmacêuticos, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Fernando Leal da Costa
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUp), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Feio
- Unidade de Farmacologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Serviços Farmacêuticos, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
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Nikravesh N, Borchard G, Hofmann H, Philipp E, Flühmann B, Wick P. Factors influencing safety and efficacy of intravenous iron-carbohydrate nanomedicines: From production to clinical practice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 26:102178. [PMID: 32145382 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is an important subclinical disease affecting over one billion people worldwide. A growing body of clinical records supports the use of intravenous iron-carbohydrate complexes for patients where iron replenishment is necessary and oral iron supplements are either ineffective or cannot be tolerated by the gastrointestinal tract. A critical characteristic of iron-carbohydrate drugs is the complexity of their core-shell structure, which has led to differences in the efficacy and safety of various iron formulations. This review describes parameters influencing the safety and effectiveness of iron-carbohydrate complexes during production, storage, handling, and clinical application. We summarized the physicochemical and biological assessments of commercially available iron carbohydrate nanomedicines to provide an overview of publicly available data. Further, we reviewed studies that described how subtle differences in the manufacturing process of iron-carbohydrate complexes can impact on the physicochemical, biological, and clinical outcomes of original product versus their intended copies or so-called iron "similar" products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Nikravesh
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology interactions, Department of materials meet life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Institute of Materials, School of Technology and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology interactions, Department of materials meet life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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de Vlieger JSB, Crommelin DJA, Tyner K, Drummond DC, Jiang W, McNeil SE, Neervannan S, Crist RM, Shah VP. Report of the AAPS Guidance Forum on the FDA Draft Guidance for Industry: "Drug Products, Including Biological Products, that Contain Nanomaterials". AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:56. [PMID: 30997588 PMCID: PMC6470106 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To guide developers of innovative and generic drug products that contain nanomaterials, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued the draft guidance for industry titled: "Drug Products, Including Biological Products, that Contain Nanomaterials" in December 2017. During the AAPS Guidance Forum on September 11, 2018, participants from industry, academia, and regulatory bodies discussed this draft guidance in an open setting. Two questions raised by the AAPS membership were discussed in more detail: what is the appropriate regulatory pathway for approval of drug products containing nanomaterials, and how to determine critical quality attributes (CQAs) for nanomaterials? During the meeting, clarification was provided on how the new FDA center-led guidance relates to older, specific nanomaterial class, or specific product-related guidances. The lively discussions concluded with some clear observations and recommendations: (I) Important lessons can be learned from how CQAs were determined for, e.g., biologics. (II) Publication of ongoing scientific discussions on strategies and studies determining CQAs of drug products containing nanomaterials will significantly strengthen the science base on this topic. Furthermore, (III) alignment on a global level on how to address new questions regarding nanomedicine development protocols will add to efficient development and approval of these much needed candidate nanomedicines (innovative and generic). Public meetings such as the AAPS Guidance Forum may serve as the place to have these discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Tyner
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Wenlei Jiang
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott E McNeil
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rachael M Crist
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinod P Shah
- VPS Consulting LLC, North Potomac, Maryland, USA
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Di Francesco T, Philipp E, Borchard G. Iron sucrose: assessing the similarity between the originator drug and its intended copies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1407:63-74. [PMID: 29168243 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron sucrose (IS) is a complex nanocolloidal intravenous suspension used in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Follow-on IS products (iron sucrose similars (ISSs)) have obtained marketing authorization by the generic pathway, implying that identical copies of IS may be manufactured. However, recent prospective and retrospective clinical studies showed discrepancies in clinical outcomes, which might be related to differences in physicochemical properties. The aim of this work is to measure and compare the physicochemical properties of IS and three ISSs available in the market using innovative analytical procedures. The comprehensive elucidation of size, size distribution, morphology, and stability of these complex drugs revealed very significant differences between the products. This study serves to provide the basis to define critical quality attributes that may be linked to differences in clinical outcome and thus may contribute to an adequate regulatory approach for IS and its follow-on products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Di Francesco
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Erik Philipp
- Vifor (International) AG, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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