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Mitin H, Zulkifli I, Che Jamri MH, Zamzuri NA, Samian NA, Hussein AN, Goh YM, Sazili AQ. Alleviation of Catching and Crating Stress by Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis in Pekin Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243479. [PMID: 36552400 PMCID: PMC9774105 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Catching and crating may elicit stress and fear reactions in poultry because the procedures involve human contact and exposure to a novel environment. This study determined the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on physiological stress, underlying fear, and growth performance of Pekin ducks subjected to catching and 4 h of crating. The study used a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement; the main factors were diet (basal or basal + probiotic) and crating durations (0 or 4 h). From 1 to 21 days of age (doa), birds were fed a basal or basal + probiotic (CLOSTAT® (Bacillus subtilis) (Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA, USA), 1 g/kg) diet. At 21 doa, an equal number of ducklings from each dietary group were caught and crated for 4 h or left undisturbed in the home pens. Birds were examined for serum corticosterone (CORT), heat shock protein (HSP) 70, creatine kinase (CK), triglyceride (TG), glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL), and lactate (LAC) concentrations, heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (HLR), tonic immobility (TI) duration, open-field (OF) test, body weight (BW), and feed conversion ratios (FCR). Diet had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on CORT among the non-crated ducks. However, after catching and crating, birds fed the control diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher CORT than their probiotic-supplemented counterparts. Catching and crating significantly (p < 0.05) elevated HSP70, HLR, GLU, and CHOL but reduced TG in ducks. Birds fed the probiotic-supplemented diet showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower HSP70, HLR, TG, and CK than those fed the control diet. Probiotic-supplemented ducks showed reduced fear-related behaviours, including TI durations, ambulation latency, and body shaking. Diet had a negligible effect on body weights and FCR of ducks at 21 doa. In brief, catching and crating for 4 h augmented Pekin ducks’ physiological stress and fear reactions, and supplementing birds with probiotics was beneficial in ameliorating these detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Mitin
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Services, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya 62630, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9769-3401
| | - Muhammad Hazim Che Jamri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nur Athirah Zamzuri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nurain Aliah Samian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aimi Nabilah Hussein
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Rajendran D, Ezhuthupurakkal PB, Lakshman R, Gowda NKS, Manimaran A, Rao SBN. Application of encapsulated nano materials as feed additive in livestock and poultry: a review. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:315-328. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Reuben RC, Sarkar SL, Roy PC, Anwar A, Hossain MA, Jahid IK. Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics for sustainable poultry production. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1960234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rine Christopher Reuben
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (Idiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shovon Lal Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Pravas Chandra Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | | | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka and Vice Chancellor, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Arsène MMJ, Davares AKL, Andreevna SL, Vladimirovich EA, Carime BZ, Marouf R, Khelifi I. The use of probiotics in animal feeding for safe production and as potential alternatives to antibiotics. Vet World 2021; 14:319-328. [PMID: 33776297 PMCID: PMC7994123 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.319-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the production of safe food for human consumption is the primary purpose for animal rearing, the environment and well-being of the animals must also be taken into consideration. Based on microbiological point of view, the production of healthy food from animals involves considering foodborne pathogens, on the one hand and on the other hand, the methods used to fight against germs during breeding. The conventional method to control or prevent bacterial infections in farming is the use antibiotics. However, the banning of these compounds as growth promoters caused many changes in animal breeding and their use has since been limited to the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. In this function, their importance no longer needs to be demonstrated, but unfortunately, their excessive and abusive use have led to a double problem which can have harmful consequences on consumer health: Resistance to antibiotics and the presence of antibiotic residues in food. The use of probiotics appears to be a suitable alternative to overcome these problems because of their ability to modulate the immune system and intestinal microflora, and further considering their antagonistic role against certain pathogenic bacteria and their ability to play the role of growth factor (sometimes associated with prebiotics) when used as feed additives. This review aims to highlight some of the negative effects of the use of antibiotics in animal rearing as well as emphasize the current knowledge on the use of probiotics as a feed additive, their influence on animal production and their potential utility as an alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly in poultry, pig, and fish farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbarga M J Arsène
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National School of Agro-industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Anyutoulou K L Davares
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National School of Agro-industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Smolyakova L Andreevna
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Bassa Z Carime
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National School of Agro-industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Razan Marouf
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ibrahim Khelifi
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
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Groves PJ, Williamson SL, Ahaduzzaman M, Diamond M, Ngo M, Han A, Sharpe SM. Can a combination of vaccination, probiotic and organic acid treatment in layer hens protect against early life exposure to Salmonella Typhimurium and challenge at sexual maturity? Vaccine 2020; 39:815-824. [PMID: 33390293 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Day old layer chicks were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium using a seeder bird technique. Treatment groups were untreated control, administration of a probiotic in drinking water weekly, vaccination by intramuscular injection of a live aro-A deletion mutant vaccine at 10 weeks of age (woa) followed by an oral dose at 16 woa, probiotic administration plus vaccination, vaccination plus the administration of an organic acid preparation in feed from 16 woa and a combination of probiotic, vaccine and organic acid. Faecal shedding was monitored by culture at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 15, 17, 20, 21, 23 and 25 woa and in dust from settle plates by PCR at intervals from 8 woa. Birds from each group were separated at 17 and 18 woa and challenged orally with 106 CFU of S. Typhimurium. Both untreated and probiotic groups shed Salmonella until 56 days. Salmonella was also detected in dust from 8 until 12 woa but little after this. After vaccination, from sexual maturity (18 woa) all groups except those that were vaccinated with and without probiotic re-excreted Salmonella. The probiotic alone was ineffective against this re-excretion and all groups receiving organic acids shed Salmonella. At 17 woa, unchallenged controls were fully susceptible to caecal colonization, however all other groups showed reduced susceptibility, including the untreated challenged group. However, at 18 woa (sexual maturity) only the groups that were vaccinated with or without probiotic showed reduced susceptibility to colonization. The organic acid treated groups (including the vaccinated group) did not show a difference to the untreated controls. S. Typhimurium demonstrated an ability to re-emerge at sexual maturity, similar to other serovars. The vaccine assisted in limiting the re-excretion at sexual maturity and decreased susceptibility to subsequent challenge. Use of a probiotic augmented the vaccine's protective capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Groves
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Rd, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
| | - Sarah L Williamson
- Birling Avian Laboratories, 975 The Northern Rd, Bringelly, NSW, 2556, Australia
| | | | - Madeline Diamond
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Rd, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Melanie Ngo
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Rd, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Anita Han
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Rd, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Sue M Sharpe
- Birling Avian Laboratories, 975 The Northern Rd, Bringelly, NSW, 2556, Australia
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Raza ZA, Riaz S, Banat IM. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Properties and chemical modification approaches for their functionalization. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 34:29-41. [PMID: 28960792 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have become an attractive biomaterial in research in the past few years due to their extensive potential industrial applications. Being long chain hydroxyl fatty acid molecules, the PHAs are hydrophobic in nature, and have less functional groups. These features limit their applications in various areas. To enhance their usage, these polymers may need to be modified including surface and chemical modifications. Such modifications may alter their mechanical properties, surface structure, amphiphilic character and rate of degradation to fulfil the requirements for their future applications. Chemical modifications allow incorporation of functional groups to PHAs that could not be introduced through biotechnological methods. These chemically reformed PHAs, with enhanced properties, could be used for broad range of applications. This review aims to introduce different chemical modification approaches including some recent methods that had not been explored or discussed so far for PHAs as possible technologies for widening the range of product and application potentials. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:29-41, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali Raza
- Dept. of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Shahina Riaz
- Dept. of Applied Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, U.K
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