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Peng TL, Kamar AH, Mohamed M, Gilbert B, Mohd Sani NI, C.W. Zalati CS, Hamdan RH, Samoh A, Loong SK. Molecular prevalence of Bartonella spp. in bat flies in east coast Malaysia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29785. [PMID: 38699006 PMCID: PMC11064076 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bats are a significant reservoir for numerous pathogens, including Bartonella spp. It is one of the emerging zoonotic bacterial diseases that can be transmitted to humans and may cause various unspecific clinical manifestations. Thus, bartonellosis is rarely diagnosed and is regarded as a neglected vector-borne disease (VBD). Bat flies have been hypothesised to be a vector in the transmission of pathogens among bats. They are host-specific, which reduces the likelihood of pathogen transmission across bat species; however, they are likely to maintain high pathogen loads within their host species. To explore the presence of Bartonella spp. in bat flies from Peninsular Malaysia; bat fly samples collected from various sites at the east coast states were subjected to molecular detection for Bartonella spp. It was discovered that 38.7 % of bats from Terengganu and Kelantan were infested with bat flies; however, no bat fly was found in bats collected from Pahang. The collected bat flies belonged to the families Nycteribiidae (79.6 %) and Streblidae (20.4 %). The collected bat flies were pooled according to the locations and species into 39 pools. Out of these 39 pools, 66.7 % (n = 26) were positive for Bartonella spp. by PCR. Sequence analyses of five randomly selected PCR-positive pools revealed that pools from Kelantan (n = 3) have the closest sequence identities (99 %) to Bartonella spp. strain Lisso-Nig-922 from Nigeria. However, the other pools from Terengganu (n = 2) were closely related to Bartonella spp. strain KP277 from Thailand and Bartonella spp. strain Rhin-3 from the Republic of Georgia with 99 % and 100 % sequence identity, respectively. This suggests that the Bartonella spp. found in Malaysian bat flies are genetically diverse and can potentially serve as reservoirs for pathogenic Bartonella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li Peng
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azra Hafizah Kamar
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maizan Mohamed
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Brenda Gilbert
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nani Izreen Mohd Sani
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - C.W. Salma C.W. Zalati
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ruhil Hayati Hamdan
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Padang Tembak, City Campus, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdulloh Samoh
- Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkhla University, Hat Yai Campus, Kho Hong, 90112, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Shih Keng Loong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Voigt CC, Bernard E, Huang JCC, Frick WF, Kerbiriou C, MacEwan K, Mathews F, Rodríguez-Durán A, Scholz C, Webala PW, Welbergen J, Whitby M. Toward solving the global green-green dilemma between wind energy production and bat conservation. Bioscience 2024; 74:240-252. [PMID: 38720909 PMCID: PMC11075649 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wind energy production is growing rapidly worldwide in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, wind energy production is not environmentally neutral. Negative impacts on volant animals, such as bats, include fatalities at turbines and habitat loss due to land-use change and displacement. Siting turbines away from ecologically sensitive areas and implementing measures to reduce fatalities are critical to protecting bat populations. Restricting turbine operations during periods of high bat activity is the most effective form of mitigation currently available to reduce fatalities. Compensating for habitat loss and offsetting mortality are not often practiced, because meaningful offsets are lacking. Legal frameworks to prevent or mitigate the negative impacts of wind energy on bats are absent in most countries, especially in emerging markets. Therefore, governments and lending institutions are key in reconciling wind energy production with biodiversity goals by requiring sufficient environmental standards for wind energy projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Bernard
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada a Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Joe Chun-Chia Huang
- Department of Life Science at the National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Christian Kerbiriou
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique at Sorbonne Université Station Marine, in Concarneau, France
| | - Kate MacEwan
- Western EcoSystems Technology, in Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States
| | - Fiona Mathews
- School of Life Sciences at the University of Sussex, Falmer, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carolin Scholz
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management at Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Justin Welbergen
- The Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment at Western Sydney University, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Whitby
- Bat Conservation International, Austin, Texas, United States
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Stewart AB, Srilopan S, Wayo K, Hassa P, Dudash MR, Bumrungsri S. Bat pollinators: a decade of monitoring reveals declining visitation rates for some species in Thailand. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2024; 10:5. [PMID: 38431697 PMCID: PMC10908063 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-024-00228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bats are important pollinators, but they are difficult to study since they are volant and nocturnal. Thus, long-term studies of nectarivorous bats are scarce, despite their potential to help assess trends in bat populations and their pollination services. We used capture rates of nectarivorous bats at chiropterophilous flowers in order to examine temporal trends in bat visitation in an area that is undergoing extensive land use change. We mist-netted at five bat-pollinated plant taxa (Durio zibethinus, Musa acuminata, Oroxylum indicum, Parkia speciosa, and Sonneratia spp.) in southern Thailand over six years between 2011 and 2021. We found that the most common bat species, Eonycteris spelaea, was the main visitor at all five plant taxa and had consistent visitation rates across all study years. In contrast, two other important pollinators, Macroglossus minimus and M. sobrinus, showed 80% declines in the number of individuals netted at mangrove apple (Sonneratia spp.) and banana (Musa acuminata) flowers, respectively. These findings suggest that E. spelaea (a large, cave-roosting species with a broad diet) is more tolerant of anthropogenic change than are Macroglossus bats (small, foliage-roosting species with specialized diets), which may in turn affect the reproductive success of plants pollinated by these species. Our study demonstrates how decade-long monitoring can reveal species-specific temporal patterns in pollinator visitation, emphasizing the need for tailored conservation plans. While the conservation status of most nectarivorous bats in the area is Least Concern, our results indicate that population studies in Southeast Asia are urgently needed for updated bat species conservation assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa B Stewart
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Supawan Srilopan
- Department of Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kanuengnit Wayo
- Department of Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Piriya Hassa
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michele R Dudash
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sara Bumrungsri
- Department of Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Eriksson A, Filion A, Labruna MB, Muñoz-Leal S, Poulin R, Fischer E, Graciolli G. Effects of forest loss and fragmentation on bat-ectoparasite interactions. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1391-1402. [PMID: 37039866 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Human land use causes habitat loss and fragmentation, influencing host-parasite associations through changes in infestation rates, host mortality and possibly local extinction. Bat-ectoparasite interactions are an important host-parasite model possibly affected by such changes, as this system acts as both reservoirs and vectors of several pathogens that can infect different wild and domestic species. This study aimed to assess how the prevalence and abundance of bat ectoparasites respond to forest loss, fragmentation, and edge length. Bats and ectoparasites were sampled at twenty sites, forming a gradient of forest cover, in southwestern Brazil during two wet (2015 and 2016) and two dry (2016 and 2017) seasons. Effects of landscape metrics on host abundance as well as parasite prevalence and abundance were assessed through structural equation models. Nine host-parasite associations provided sufficient data for analyses, including one tick and eight flies on four bat species. Forest cover positively influenced the prevalence or abundance of three fly species, but negatively influenced one fly and the tick species. Prevalence or abundance responded positively to edge length for three fly species, and negatively for the tick. In turn, number of fragments influenced the prevalence or abundance of four fly species, two positively and two negatively. Our results support species-specific responses of ectoparasites to landscape features, and a tendency of host-generalist ticks to benefit from deforestation while most host-specialist flies are disadvantaged. Differences in host traits and abundance, along with parasite life cycles and environmental conditions, are possible explanations to our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Eriksson
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa E Silva S/N, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Brasil.
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, nº 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiabá, Brasil.
| | - Antoine Filion
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebástian Muñoz-Leal
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Casilla 537, 3780000, Chillán, Chile
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Erich Fischer
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa E Silva S/N, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Graciolli
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa E Silva S/N, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Brasil
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Heckley AM, Becker DJ. Tropical bat ectoparasitism in continuous versus fragmented forests: A gap analysis and preliminary meta-analysis. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9784. [PMID: 36744075 PMCID: PMC9891993 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical regions are experiencing rapid rates of forest fragmentation, which can have several effects on wildlife, including altered parasite dynamics. Bats are a useful host group to consider the effects of fragmentation, because they are abundant in the tropics, serve important ecological roles, and harbor many parasites. Nevertheless, research on the effects of fragmentation on bat ectoparasites is still limited. To help guide ongoing and future research efforts, this study had two objectives: (1) conduct a gap analysis to characterize the state of currently available research on fragmentation effects on bat ectoparasites and (2) conduct a preliminary meta-analysis to identify current trends. We systematically highlighted several research gaps: Studies comparing the effects of fragmented versus continuous forests on ectoparasites are limited and have primarily been conducted in the Neotropics, with a focus on bats in the superfamily Noctilionidea (especially frugivorous phyllostomids). Our preliminary meta-analysis suggested that ectoparasite prevalence (but not the mean or variance in intensity) was higher in fragments than in continuous forests. Moreover, prevalence increased with increasing roost duration, and mean intensity was higher for bats with higher wing aspect ratios. Intensity variance was affected by an interaction between forest type and wing aspect ratio, such that variance increased for bats with high-wing aspect ratios in continuous forests but decreased in fragments. These results suggest that fragmentation can shape aspects of bat ectoparasitism and could have implications for the ecology, health, and conservation of bats in fragmented landscapes. However, existing research gaps could bias our current understanding of habitat change and bat health, and future research should thus investigate these effects in the Paleotropics and with other bat families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Heckley
- Department of Biology and the Redpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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García-Herrera LV, Ramírez-Fráncel LA, Guevara G, Lim BK, Losada-Prado S. Wing morphology is related to niche specialization and interaction networks in stenodermatine bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Plant–animal interactions constitute some of the most important ecological processes for the maintenance of tropical forests. Bats are the only group of mammals capable of true flight and have been recognized as important dispersers of pioneer and secondary successional plant species. Although progress has been made in the study of Neotropical bats, morphological variation of the wing and its influence on niche separation between species is unknown. We evaluated relationships among habitat structures of selected Colombian tropical dry forest patches, the diet through interaction networks, and wing morphology of 11 species of bats in the Stenodermatinae subfamily (297 individuals) using geometric morphometry in a phylogenetic context. The results indicate that the phylogenetic signal for wing size is greater than for wing shape, thus providing some evidence for evolutionary convergence. Wing shape variation was associated primarily with the distal anatomical tip of the third finger and the joint between the humerus and the radius and ulna. Species with wide, short wings, as in the genus Artibeus had generalist diets and less nested positions within the interaction networks. In contrast, species with elongated and pointed wings, such as Sturnira and Platyrrhinus, had specialized diets and more nested positions within the interaction networks. We argue that wing shape variation may play an important role as a source of interspecific variation leading to food specialization within tropical bat communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Viviana García-Herrera
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas and Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, IDEAD, Universidad del Tolima , Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué 730004 , Colombia
| | - Leidy Azucena Ramírez-Fráncel
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas and Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, IDEAD, Universidad del Tolima , Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué 730004 , Colombia
| | - Giovany Guevara
- Departamento de Biología and Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima , Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué M5H 2N2 , Colombia
| | - Burton K Lim
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum , 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6 , Canada
| | - Sergio Losada-Prado
- Departamento de Biología and Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima , Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué M5H 2N2 , Colombia
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7
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Carvalho WD, Miguel JD, da Silva Xavier B, López-Baucells A, de Castro IJ, Hilário RR, de Toledo JJ, Rocha R, Palmeirim JM. Complementarity between mist-netting and low-cost acoustic recorders to sample bats in Amazonian rainforests and savannahs. COMMUNITY ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42974-022-00131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Houska Tahadlova M, Mottl O, Jorge LR, Koane B, Novotny V, Sam K. Trophic cascades in tropical rainforests: Effects of vertebrate predator exclusion on arthropods and plants in Papua New Guinea. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Houska Tahadlova
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Mottl
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Leonardo R. Jorge
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Bonny Koane
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Centre Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Katerina Sam
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
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Edge effects and vertical stratification of aerial insectivorous bats across the interface of primary-secondary Amazonian rainforest. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274637. [PMID: 36149843 PMCID: PMC9506665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Edge effects, abiotic and biotic changes associated with habitat boundaries, are key drivers of community change in fragmented landscapes. Their influence is heavily modulated by matrix composition. With over half of the world’s tropical forests predicted to become forest edge by the end of the century, it is paramount that conservationists gain a better understanding of how tropical biota is impacted by edge gradients. Bats comprise a large fraction of tropical mammalian fauna and are demonstrably sensitive to habitat modification. Yet, knowledge about how bat assemblages are affected by edge effects remains scarce. Capitalizing on a whole-ecosystem manipulation in the Central Amazon, the aims of this study were to i) assess the consequences of edge effects for twelve aerial insectivorous bat species across the interface of primary and secondary forest, and ii) investigate if the activity levels of these species differed between the understory and canopy and if they were modulated by distance from the edge. Acoustic surveys were conducted along four 2-km transects, each traversing equal parts of primary and ca. 30-year-old secondary forest. Five models were used to assess the changes in the relative activity of forest specialists (three species), flexible forest foragers (three species), and edge foragers (six species). Modelling results revealed limited evidence of edge effects, except for forest specialists in the understory. No significant differences in activity were found between the secondary or primary forest but almost all species exhibited pronounced vertical stratification. Previously defined bat guilds appear to hold here as our study highlights that forest bats are more edge-sensitive than edge foraging bats. The absence of pronounced edge effects and the comparable activity levels between primary and old secondary forests indicates that old secondary forest can help ameliorate the consequences of fragmentation on tropical aerial insectivorous bats.
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Martin-Regalado CN, Pedersen SC, Lavariega MC. Alopecia in Bats. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia N. Martin-Regalado
- Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Oaxaca, Tecnológico Nacional de México, 71230 Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, México
| | - Scott C. Pedersen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, 1175 Medary Avenue, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - Mario C. Lavariega
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos 1003, 71230 Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, México
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Gutiérrez EG, Rodríguez-Herrera B, Baeza JA, Isabel Salazar M, Ortega J. Genetic Analyses Reveal High Connectivity among Populations of the Honduran White Bat Ectophylla alba in the Caribbean Lowlands of Central Eastern Costa Rica. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar G. Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340,
| | - Bernal Rodríguez-Herrera
- Escuela de Biología y Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - J. Antonio Baeza
- Departament of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ma. Isabel Salazar
- Laboratorio de Virología e Inmunovirología, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Posgrado de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala s
| | - Jorge Ortega
- Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340,
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Farneda FZ, Rocha R, Aninta SG, López‐Baucells A, Sampaio EM, Palmeirim JM, Bobrowiec PED, Dambros CS, Meyer CFJ. Bat phylogenetic responses to regenerating Amazonian forests. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Z. Farneda
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Manaus Brazil
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Manaus Brazil
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
- CIBIO‐InBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources University of Porto Vairão Portugal
- CIBIO‐InBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Institute of Agronomy University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - Sabhrina G. Aninta
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK
- Tambora Muda Indonesia Jaringan Konservasionis Muda Indonesia Bogor Indonesia
| | - Adrià López‐Baucells
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Manaus Brazil
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
- Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers Granollers Spain
| | - Erica M. Sampaio
- Department of Animal Physiology University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Jorge M. Palmeirim
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - Paulo E. D. Bobrowiec
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Manaus Brazil
| | - Cristian S. Dambros
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Christoph F. J. Meyer
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Manaus Brazil
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford UK
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Ganesh T, Saravanan A, Mathivanan M. Temples and bats in a homogeneous agriculture landscape: Importance of microhabitat availability, disturbance and land use for bat conservation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0251771. [PMID: 35830428 PMCID: PMC9278754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cave-dwelling bats widely use anthropogenic structures such as temples in south Asia as roosting and nursery sites. Such roosts are constantly under threat, even more so after the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the importance of such roosts, there is no detailed understanding of what makes temples favorable for bats and the critical factors for their persistence. Here we relate temple microhabitat characteristics and land use around ancient temples (>400 years) to bat species richness and abundance in the Tamiraparani river basin of south India. Temples were selected for sampling along the river basin based on logistics and permission to access them. We counted bats at the roost in the mornings and late afternoons from inside the temples. Temple characteristics such as dark rooms, walkways, crevices, towers, and disturbances to the roosts were recorded. Based on European Space Agency land use classifications, we recorded land use such as crops, trees, scrub, grassland, urban areas, and water availability within a 5 km radius of the temple. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to relate the counts in temples with microhabitats and land use. We sampled 59 temples repeatedly across 5 years which yielded a sample of 246 survey events. The total number of bats counted was 20,211, of which Hipposideros speoris was the most common (9,715), followed by Rousettus leschenaultii (5,306), Taphozous melanopogon (3,196), Megaderma lyra (1,497), Tadarida aegyptiaca (303), Pipistrellus sp. (144) and Rhinopoma hardwickii (50). About 39% of the total bats occurred in dark rooms and 51% along walkways. Species richness and total abundance were related to the availability of dark rooms and the number of buildings in the temple. Land use elements only had a weak effect, but scrub and grassland, even though they were few, are critical for bats. We conclude that retaining undisturbed dark rooms with small exits in temples and other dimly lit areas and having natural areas around temples are vital for bat conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Ganesh
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Bangalore, Karnataka state, India
- * E-mail:
| | - A. Saravanan
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Bangalore, Karnataka state, India
| | - M. Mathivanan
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Bangalore, Karnataka state, India
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14
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Stevens RD. Broad-scale gradients of resource utilization by phyllostomid bats in Atlantic Forest: patterns of dietary overlap, turnover and the efficacy of ecomorphological approaches. Oecologia 2022; 198:785-799. [PMID: 35258697 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Identifying mechanisms that promote coexistence at the local level is enigmatic for many organisms. Numerous studies have indirectly demonstrated that biotic interactions may not cause deterministic patterns reflective of the coexistence of interacting bat species. Nonetheless, demonstration of the partitioning of resources by phyllostomid bats by directly examining diet matrices may illuminate a mechanism of coexistence. I examined the dietary overlap of phyllostomid bats across 23 sites in the Atlantic Forest of South America. I also examined components of beta diversity (turnover and nestedness) of resources among species as well as the degree to which morphology can act as a surrogate for dietary similarity in each community. Bats exhibited high overlap. Nonetheless, dietary beta diversity was more related to turnover than nestedness of items suggesting substantive species-specific affinities. Niche breath and dietary overlap were positively related to the number of species and the number of resources consumed in communities. Accordingly, changes in richness across Atlantic Forest may be facilitated by increases in resources available at the community level. There were positive, yet weak relationships between morphological and dietary distance. The relationship between morphology and diet was invariant relative to geography, species richness, number of dietary resources, average diet breadth and average dietary overlap indicating that in the Atlantic Forest morphology is a consistent surrogate of dietary relationships of species. Atlantic Forest is one of the most anthropogenically modified tropical forests in the world. This in combination with distinct climatic seasonality likely causes higher dietary overlap, weaker ecomorphological relationships and persistence of only the most general bat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Stevens
- Department of Natural Resources Management and Natural Science Research Laboratory of the Museum, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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15
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Meramo K, Ovaskainen O, Bernard E, Silva CR, Laine VN, Lilley TM. Contrasting Effects of Chronic Anthropogenic Disturbance on Activity and Species Richness of Insectivorous Bats in Neotropical Dry Forest. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.822415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For prioritizing conservation actions, it is vital to understand how ecologically diverse species respond to environmental change caused by human activity. This is particularly necessary considering that chronic human disturbance is a threat to biodiversity worldwide. Depending on how species tolerate and adapt to such disturbance, ecological integrity and ecosystem services will be more or less affected. Bats are a species-rich and functionally diverse group, with important roles in ecosystems, and are therefore recognized as a good model group for assessing the impact of environmental change. Their populations have decreased in several regions, especially in the tropics, and are threatened by increasing human disturbance. Using passive acoustic monitoring, we assessed how the species-rich aerial insectivorous bats—essential for insect suppression services—respond to chronic human disturbance in the Caatinga dry forests of Brazil, an area potentially harboring ca. 100 bat species (nearly 50% are insectivorous), but with > 60% its area composed of anthropogenic ecosystems under chronic pressure. Acoustic data for bat activity was collected at research sites with varying amounts of chronic human disturbance (e.g., livestock grazing and firewood gathering). The intensity of the disturbance is indicated by the global multi-metric CAD index (GMDI). Using Animal Sound Identifier (ASI) software, we identified 18 different bat taxon units. Using Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities (HMSC), we found trends in the association of the disturbance gradient with species richness and bat activity: species richness was higher at sites with higher human disturbance, whereas bat activity decreased with increasing human disturbance. Additionally, we observed taxon-specific responses to human disturbance. We conclude that the effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance on the insectivorous bat fauna in the Caatinga are not homogeneous and a species-specific approach is necessary when assessing the responses of local bats to human disturbances in tropical dry forests, and in other biomes under human pressure.
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16
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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The interplay of spatial scale and landscape transformation modulates the abundance and intraspecific variation in the ecomorphological traits of a phyllostomid bat. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s026646742100047x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLand use intensification imposes selective pressures that systematically change the frequency of wild population phenotypes. Growing evidence is biased towards the comparison of populations from discrete categories of land uses, ignoring the role of landscape emerging properties on the phenotype selection of wild fauna. Across the largest urban–rural gradient of the Colombian Orinoquia, we measured ecomorphological traits of 216 individuals of the flat-faced fruit-eating bat Artibeus planirostris. We did this to evaluate the scale of effect at which landscape transformation better predicts changes in phenotype and abundance of an urban-tolerant species. Forest percentage at 1.25 km was the main predictor affecting negatively bat abundance and positively its wing aspect ratio and body mass. Landscape variables affected forearm length at all spatial scales, this effect appeared to be sex-dependent, and the most important predictor, forest percentage at 0.5 km, had a negative effect on this trait. Our results indicate that landscape elements and spatial scale interact to shape ecomorphological traits and the abundance of A. planirostris. Interestingly, the scale of effect coincided at 1.25 km among all biological responses, suggesting that species’ abundance can be linked to the variation on phenotype under different environmental filters across landscape scenarios.
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Castro AB, Bobrowiec PED, Castro SJ, Rodrigues LRR, Fadini RF. Influence of reduced‐impact logging on Central Amazonian bats using a before‐after‐control‐impact design. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Castro
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
| | - P. E. D. Bobrowiec
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - S. J. Castro
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
| | - L. R. R. Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
| | - R. F. Fadini
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém Pará Brazil
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Hemprich-Bennett DR, Kemp VA, Blackman J, Struebig MJ, Lewis OT, Rossiter SJ, Clare EL. Altered structure of bat-prey interaction networks in logged tropical forests revealed by metabarcoding. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5844-5857. [PMID: 34437745 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Habitat degradation is pervasive across the tropics and is particularly acute in Southeast Asia, with major implications for biodiversity. Much research has addressed the impact of degradation on species diversity; however, little is known about how ecological interactions are altered, including those that constitute important ecosystem functions such as consumption of herbivores. To examine how rainforest degradation alters trophic interaction networks, we applied DNA metabarcoding to construct interaction networks linking forest-dwelling insectivorous bat species and their prey, comparing old-growth forest and forest degraded by logging in Sabah, Borneo. Individual bats in logged rainforest consumed a lower richness of prey than those in old-growth forest. As a result, interaction networks in logged forests had a less nested structure. These network structures were associated with reduced network redundancy and thus increased vulnerability to perturbations in logged forests. Our results show how ecological interactions change between old-growth and logged forests, with potentially negative implications for ecosystem function and network stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Hemprich-Bennett
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria A Kemp
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Blackman
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Owen T Lewis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth L Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic bat diversity decrease from more to less complex natural habitats in the Amazon. Oecologia 2021; 197:223-239. [PMID: 34368898 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The high levels of biodiversity in the Amazon are maintained mostly due to its composition as a natural mosaic of different habitats, including both unflooded and flooded forests, campinaranas, and savannahs. Here, we compared multiple dimensions of α- and β- bat biodiversity between four natural Amazonian habitats (savannah, campinarana, forest patches, and continuous forest). In addition, we explored the extent to which bat communities in the different habitats are nested within one another, and compared the community-level functional uniqueness and community-weighted mean traits between habitats. Our results show that taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic α-diversity of bats is higher in continuous forest than in any of the other habitat types. The continuous forest also harbours more unique species, and indeed, the bat community assemblages in the less-complex habitats, including forest patches, campinarana and savannahs, are taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic sub-sets of the assemblage found in the continuous forest. By examining β-diversity partitions and species composition, we are able to shed light on the mechanisms behind the variation in diversity between the four habitat types, which reflect a process of environmental sorting along a habitat gradient going from a more complex to a less complex habitat. We conclude that nesting patterns along the mosaic of habitats are determined by differences in complexity between habitats and that taxonomic and functional uniqueness contribute to overall regional bat diversity and functionality. Ongoing human-induced disturbances of these habitats could provoke an unprecedented loss of bat diversity and functionality with negative consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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22
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Appel G, López‐Baucells A, Rocha R, Meyer CFJ, Bobrowiec PED. Habitat disturbance trumps moonlight effects on the activity of tropical insectivorous bats. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Appel
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
| | - A. López‐Baucells
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- BiBio (Biodiversity and Bioindicators Research Group) Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers Granollers Spain
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - R. Rocha
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources University of Porto Vairão Portugal
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - C. F. J. Meyer
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford UK
| | - P. E. D. Bobrowiec
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
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Rulli MC, D'Odorico P, Galli N, Hayman DTS. Land-use change and the livestock revolution increase the risk of zoonotic coronavirus transmission from rhinolophid bats. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:409-416. [PMID: 37118224 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which humans facilitate zoonotic transmission of infectious diseases is unclear. Human encroachment into wildlife habitats as a consequence of expanding urbanization, cropland area and intensive animal farming is hypothesized to favour the emergence of zoonotic diseases. Here we analyse comprehensive, high-resolution datasets on forest cover, cropland distribution, livestock density, human population, human settlements, bat species' distribution and land-use changes in regions populated by Asian horseshoe bats (>28.5 million km2)-the species that most commonly carry severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses. We identify areas at risk of SARS-related coronavirus outbreaks, showing that areas in China populated by horseshoe bats exhibit higher forest fragmentation and concentrations of livestock and humans than other countries. Our findings indicate that human-livestock-wildlife interactions in China may form hotspots with the potential to increase SARS-related coronavirus transmission from animals to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Rulli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo D'Odorico
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nikolas Galli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - David T S Hayman
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Bhattarai PK, Sharma B, Neupane A, Kunwar S, Dhungana P. Bat diversity in the Banpale forest, Pokhara, Nepal during spring season. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2021. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.6263.13.6.18479-18489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bat research in Nepal is limited and most areas remain to be explored. Sparse research has been conducted in the Banpale forest and to improve the understanding of bat diversity, an updated species checklist was prepared. Trapping surveys using mist nets were conducted at four different locations in the forest from March to May 2018. This survey identified 55 individuals belonging to eight species within eight genera and four families. Trapping locations near less disturbed forest edges and water resources were found to have higher bat diversity compared to highly disturbed areas (e.g., landslides and logging areas). With information from survey and secondary source, we conclude that Banpale forest harbours 10 of the 53 bat species found in Nepal. We recommend adopting practices to conserve the forest from landslides and minimizing illegal logging to conserve bat forest habitats.
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Effect of land use, habitat suitability, and hurricanes on the population connectivity of an endemic insular bat. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9115. [PMID: 33907263 PMCID: PMC8079362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization and natural disasters can disrupt landscape connectivity, effectively isolating populations and increasing the risk of local extirpation particularly in island systems. To understand how fragmentation affects corridors among forested areas, we used circuit theory to model the landscape connectivity of the endemic bat Stenoderma rufum within Puerto Rico. Our models combined species occurrences, land use, habitat suitability, and vegetation cover data that were used either as resistance (land use) or conductance layers (habitat suitability and vegetation cover). Urbanization affected connectivity overall from east to west and underscored protected and rustic areas for the maintenance of forest corridors. Suitable habitat provided a reliable measure of connectivity among potential movement corridors that connected more isolated areas. We found that intense hurricanes that disrupt forest integrity can affect connectivity of suitable habitat. Some of the largest protected areas in the east of Puerto Rico are at an increasing risk of becoming disconnected from more continuous forest patches. Given the increasing rate of urbanization, this pattern could also apply to other vertebrates. Our findings show the importance of maintaining forest integrity, emphasizing the considerable conservation value of rustic areas for the preservation of local biodiversity.
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Aziz SA, McConkey KR, Tanalgo K, Sritongchuay T, Low MR, Yong JY, Mildenstein TL, Nuevo-Diego CE, Lim VC, Racey PA. The Critical Importance of Old World Fruit Bats for Healthy Ecosystems and Economies. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.641411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive documentation of the ecological and economic importance of Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) and the many threats they face from humans, negative attitudes towards pteropodids have persisted, fuelled by perceptions of bats as being pests and undesirable neighbours. Such long-term negativity towards bats is now further exacerbated by more recent disease-related concerns, particularly associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic. There remains an urgent need to investigate and highlight the positive and beneficial aspects of bats across the Old World. While previous reviews have summarised these extensively, numerous new studies conducted over the last 36 years have provided further valuable data and insights which warrant an updated review. Here we synthesise research on pteropodid-plant interactions, comprising diet, ecological roles, and ecosystem services, conducted during 1985-2020. We uncovered a total of 311 studies covering 75 out of the known 201 pteropodid species (37%), conducted in 47 countries. The majority of studies documented diet (52% of all studies; 67 pteropodid species), followed by foraging movement (49%; 50 pteropodid species), with fewer studies directly investigating the roles played by pteropodids in seed dispersal (24%; 41 pteropodid species), pollination (14%; 19 pteropodid species), and conflict with fruit growers (12%; 11 pteropodid species). Pteropodids were recorded feeding on 1072 plant species from 493 genera and 148 families, with fruits comprising the majority of plant parts consumed, followed by flowers/nectar/pollen, leaves, and other miscellaneous parts. Sixteen pteropodid species have been confirmed to act as pollinators for a total of 21 plant species, and 29 pteropodid species have been confirmed to act as seed dispersers for a total of 311 plant species. Anthropogenic threats disrupting bat-plant interactions in the Old World include hunting, direct persecution, habitat loss/disturbance, invasive species, and climate change, leading to ecosystem-level repercussions. We identify notable research gaps and important research priorities to support conservation action for pteropodids.
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Agyemang-Duah W, Oduro Appiah J, Adei D. Protecting the patches from the footprints: examining the land use factors associated with forest patches in Atewa range forest reserve. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:28. [PMID: 33588761 PMCID: PMC7885454 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Land use practices are noted to contribute to changes in forest landscape composition. However, whereas studies have reported the intermix of land uses and forest patches and measured the direct impacts of land uses on forest patches, little is known regarding the spatially-explicit association between the most recent forest patches and land use footprints in protected areas. In this study, we use methods from GIS, remote sensing, and statistics to model the spatial relationship between footprints of land uses and patches of forest cover by drawing on geospatial data from the Atewa range forest reserve (ARFR). RESULTS The study finds that forest patches that are within 1 km from agricultural land use footprints (AOR = 86.625, C.I. 18.057-415.563, P = 0.000), logging sites (AOR = 55.909, C.I. 12.032-259.804, P = 0.000), mine sites (53.571, C.I. 11.287-254.255, P = 0.000), access roads (AOR = 24.169, C.I. 5.544-105.357, P = 0.000), and human settlement footprints (AOR = 7.172, C.I. 1.969-26.128, P = 0.003) are significantly more likely to be less than the mean patch area (375,431.87 m2 = 37.54 ha) of forest cover. A ROC statistic of 0.995 achieved in this study suggests a high predictive power of the proposed model. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that to ensure sustainable land uses and ecological integrity, there is a need for land use policies and land management strategies that ensure responsible livelihood activities as well as further restrictions on logging and mining in the globally significant biodiversity area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Agyemang-Duah
- Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Joseph Oduro Appiah
- School of Environmental Planning, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Dina Adei
- Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana
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28
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Moir M, Richards LR, Rambau RV, Wannenburgh A, Cherry MI. Fragmentation does not affect gene flow in forest populations of the dusky pipistrelle bat on the eastern seaboard of South Africa. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The Eastern Cape Province harbors almost half of the indigenous forest in South Africa, but these forests are threatened by large-scale agricultural and urban development planned for the coming decade. Additional anthropogenic development is likely to cause further fragmentation and degradation of forests inhabited by the dusky pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus hesperidus). We used eight microsatellite markers to study the genetic diversity, population structure, and migration, of P. hesperidus (n = 120) across 14 sites in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa. We examined the effect of contemporary land cover types on genetic differentiation to assess whether current levels of urbanization and agricultural development affect gene flow. High gene flow and low population structure were evident across sampled sites, apart from genetic discontinuities at the northern (Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve) and southern (Alexandria Forest) ends of the seaboard. Genetic discontinuity at Oribi Gorge may relate to anthropogenic modification of two rivers surrounding the forest, while the Alexandria-linked barrier is a climatic break known as the Bedford gap. Migration rates generally were low between sites except for one Scarp forest, Manubi State Forest, from which individuals dispersed to other sites. The Amatole Mistbelt forests supported high genetic diversity, and likely served as a refugium for P. hesperidus during the Last Glacial Maximum. The composition of land cover classes between sites was a poor predictor of genetic differentiation, although it seems likely that P. hesperidus uses riparian habitats and wetlands for dispersal. Lastly, urban and agricultural development did not have a significant effect on genetic differentiation, which may reflect the wide niche breadth and intermediate distribution range of the species. This study provides insights into genetic diversity and gene flow of P. hesperidus across the study region prior to agricultural intensification and large-scale urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Moir
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Ramugondo V Rambau
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Andrew Wannenburgh
- Natural Resource Management, Department of Environmental Affairs, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael I Cherry
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Garg KM, Chattopadhyay B. Gene Flow in Volant Vertebrates: Species Biology, Ecology and Climate Change. J Indian Inst Sci 2021; 101:165-176. [PMID: 34155425 PMCID: PMC8207815 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene flow, the exchange of genetic material between populations is an important biological process, which shapes and maintains biodiversity. The successful movement of individuals between populations depends on multiple factors determined by species biology and the environment. One of the most important factors regulating gene flow is the ability to move, and flight allows individuals to easily move across geographical barriers. Volant vertebrates are found on some of the remotest islands and contribute significantly to the biodiversity and ecosystem. The availability of next-generation sequencing data for non-model animals has substantially improved our understanding of gene flow and its consequences, allowing us to look at fine-scale patterns. However, most of our understanding regarding gene flow comes from the temperate regions and the Neotropics. The lack of studies from species-rich Asia is striking. In this review, we outline the importance of gene flow and the factors affecting gene flow, especially for volant vertebrates. We especially discuss research studies from tropical biomes of South and Southeast Asia, highlight the lacuna in literature and provide an outline for future studies in this species-rich region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika M. Garg
- grid.418831.70000 0004 0500 991XInstitute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka India ,grid.449178.70000 0004 5894 7096Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana India
| | - Balaji Chattopadhyay
- grid.449178.70000 0004 5894 7096Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana India
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30
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Carvalho WD, Meyer CFJ, Xavier BDS, Mustin K, Castro IJD, Silvestre SM, Pathek DB, Capaverde UD, Hilário R, Toledo JJD. Consequences of Replacing Native Savannahs With Acacia Plantations for the Taxonomic, Functional, and Phylogenetic α- and β-Diversity of Bats in the Northern Brazilian Amazon. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.609214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the globe, millions of hectares of native vegetation have been replaced by commercial plantations, with negative consequences for biodiversity. The effects of the replacement of native vegetation with commercial plantations on the functional and phylogenetic diversity of bat assemblages remain understudied, and most studies have focused exclusively on the taxonomic component of diversity. Here, we investigate how the replacement of natural savannahs by acacia plantations affects the α- and β-diversity of bat assemblages. We sampled bats, using mist-nets at ground level, in natural forest, savannah areas and acacia plantations, in the Lavrados de Roraima in the northern Brazilian Amazon. Our results show that, in general, acacia is less diverse than native forests in terms of taxonomic and functional diversity, and is also less taxonomically diverse than the savannah matrix which it substitutes. The observed patterns of α- and β-diversity found in the present study are in large part driven by the superabundance of one generalist and opportunistic species, Carollia perspicillata, in the acacia plantations. Taken together, our results show that the replacement of areas of natural savannah by acacia plantations causes a regional loss in diversity across all diversity dimensions: taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic. However, further studies are required to fully understand the ecological and conservation implications of this landscape change.
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Mena JL, Velazco S, Arias E, Bernabé K. Bat Occupancy Based on Mist-Netting Surveys in a Montane Landscape in Northern Andes. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2020.22.2.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José L. Mena
- Museo de Historia Natural ‘Vera Alleman Haeghebaert’, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Av. Benavides 544, Lima, Peru
| | - Sandra Velazco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Edith Arias
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14-0434, Lima 14, Peru
| | - Katherin Bernabé
- Museo de Historia Natural ‘Vera Alleman Haeghebaert’, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Av. Benavides 544, Lima, Peru
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32
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Effects of landscape heterogeneity on population genetic structure and demography of Amazonian phyllostomid bats. MAMMAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-020-00546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Mendes P, Srbek‐Araujo AC. Effects of land‐use changes on Brazilian bats: a review of current knowledge. Mamm Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Mendes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas Universidade Vila Velha Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, nº 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha Espírito SantoCEP 29102‐920 Brazil
- Département de Phytologie Université Laval nº 2425, Rue de l’Agriculture Ville de Québec QCG1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Ana Carolina Srbek‐Araujo
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas Universidade Vila Velha Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, nº 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha Espírito SantoCEP 29102‐920 Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciência Animal Universidade Vila Velha Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, nº 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha Espírito SantoCEP 29102‐920 Brazil
- Instituto SerraDiCal de Pesquisa e Conservação Rua José Hemetério Andrade, nº 570, Bloco 06, apto 201, Bairro Buritis, Belo Horizonte Vila Velha Minas GeraisCEP 30493‐180 Brazil
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34
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Katunzi T, Soisook P, Webala PW, Armstrong KN, Bumrungsri S. Bat activity and species richness in different land‐use types in and around Chome Nature Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Afr J Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Katunzi
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
- Same District Council Kilimanjaro Tanzania
| | - Pipat Soisook
- Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Paul W. Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Maasai Mara University Narok Kenya
| | - Kyle N. Armstrong
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
- South Australian Museum Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Sara Bumrungsri
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
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35
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Loeb SC. Qualitative synthesis of temperate bat responses to silvicultural treatments—where do we go from here? J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Most bat species depend on forests for roosting, foraging, and drinking during part or all of their life cycles. Many of the world’s forests are managed using a variety of silvicultural treatments and, over the past 40 years, researchers have studied the responses of bats to these treatments. I carried out a qualitative synthesis of the literature on roosting and foraging responses of temperate insectivorous bats to silvicultural treatments at the stand level to determine what treatments may be most compatible with conservation and to guide future research. Eighty-eight studies from Canada, the United States, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, met review criteria. Based on my results, foraging and commuting habitat use was less affected by changes in forest structure and composition than roost habitat use. Mid-rotation treatments that reduce clutter while retaining overstory structure (e.g., thinning and fire) had more neutral and positive effects than treatments that removed all or most of the overstory. Based on an examination of the methods and assumptions of the 88 studies included in this review, I conclude that future studies should: 1) strive to account for treatment effects on detection probability of bats when using acoustic detectors; 2) examine responses of bats to silvicultural treatments outside the maternity season; 3) examine demographic and physiological responses to silvicultural treatments in addition to habitat use to fully understand the effects of these treatments on bat populations; and 4) use stand-level data to model forest management effects across large landscapes and over long time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Loeb
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Clemson, SC, USA
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Ramírez‐Mejía AF, Urbina‐Cardona JN, Sánchez F. Functional diversity of phyllostomid bats in an urban–rural landscape: A scale‐dependent analysis. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F. Ramírez‐Mejía
- Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá Colombia
- ECOTONOS (Research group) Universidad de los Llanos Villavicencio Colombia
| | | | - Francisco Sánchez
- ECOTONOS (Research group) Universidad de los Llanos Villavicencio Colombia
- Museo de Historia Natural‐Unillanos Programa de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad de los Llanos Villavicencio Colombia
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Rocha R, López-Baucells A, Farneda FZ, Ferreira DF, Silva I, Acácio M, Palmeirim JM, Meyer CFJ. Second-growth and small forest clearings have little effect on the temporal activity patterns of Amazonian phyllostomid bats. Curr Zool 2020; 66:145-153. [PMID: 32440274 PMCID: PMC7233614 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary forests and human-made forest gaps are conspicuous features of tropical landscapes. Yet, behavioral responses to these aspects of anthropogenically modified forests remain poorly investigated. Here, we analyze the effects of small human-made clearings and secondary forests on tropical bats by examining the guild- and species-level activity patterns of phyllostomids sampled in the Central Amazon, Brazil. Specifically, we contrast the temporal activity patterns and degree of temporal overlap of 6 frugivorous and 4 gleaning animalivorous species in old-growth forest and second-growth forest and of 4 frugivores in old-growth forest and forest clearings. The activity patterns of frugivores and gleaning animalivores did not change between old-growth forest and second-growth, nor did the activity patterns of frugivores between old-growth forest and clearings. However, at the species level, we detected significant differences for Artibeus obscurus (old-growth forest vs. second-growth) and A. concolor (old-growth forest vs. clearings). The degree of temporal overlap was greater than random in all sampled habitats. However, for frugivorous species, the degree of temporal overlap was similar between old-growth forest and second-growth; whereas for gleaning animalivores, it was lower in second-growth than in old-growth forest. On the contrary, forest clearings were characterized by increased temporal overlap between frugivores. Changes in activity patterns and temporal overlap may result from differential foraging opportunities and dissimilar predation risks. Yet, our analyses suggest that activity patterns of bats in second-growth and small forest clearings, 2 of the most prominent habitats in humanized tropical landscapes, varies little from the activity patterns in old-growth forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Conservation Science Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences, Granollers, 08402, Spain
| | - Fábio Z Farneda
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Diogo F Ferreira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Inês Silva
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Conservation Ecology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Marta Acácio
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jorge M Palmeirim
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil
| | - Christoph F J Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69011-970, Brazil.,Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre (EERC), School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
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38
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Farneda FZ, Meyer CFJ, Grelle CEV. Effects of land‐use change on functional and taxonomic diversity of Neotropical bats. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Z. Farneda
- Department of Ecology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Carlos E. V. Grelle
- Department of Ecology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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39
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Núñez SF, López-Baucells A, Rocha R, Farneda FZ, Bobrowiec PED, Palmeirim JM, Meyer CFJ. Echolocation and Stratum Preference: Key Trait Correlates of Vulnerability of Insectivorous Bats to Tropical Forest Fragmentation. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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40
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Muñoz‐Lazo FJJ, Franco‐Trecu V, Naya DE, Martinelli LA, Cruz‐Neto AP. Trophic niche changes associated with habitat fragmentation in a Neotropical bat species. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J. J. Muñoz‐Lazo
- Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro SP Brasil
| | - Valentina Franco‐Trecu
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Daniel E. Naya
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Luiz A. Martinelli
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica Centro de Energia Nuclear para a Agricultura (CENA) Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Piracicaba SP Brasil
| | - Ariovaldo P. Cruz‐Neto
- Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro SP Brasil
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41
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Effects of habitat fragmentation on the bats of Kakamega Forest, western Kenya. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467419000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to biodiversity worldwide, and little is known about their effects on bats in Africa. We investigated effects of forest fragmentation on bat assemblages at Kakamega Forest, western Kenya, examining captures at edge and interior locations in three forest fragments (Buyangu, 3950 ha; Kisere, 400 ha; and Malava, 100 ha) varying in forest area and human-use regimes. Basal area, canopy cover, tree density and intensity of human use were used as predictors of bat abundance and species richness. A total of 3456 mist-net hours and 3168 harp-trap hours resulted in the capture of 4983 bats representing 26 species, eight families and four foraging ensembles (frugivores, forest-interior insectivores, forest-edge insectivores and open-space insectivores). Frugivores were frequently captured at the edges of the larger, better-protected forests, but also in the interior of the smaller, more open fragment. Forest-interior insectivores and narrow-space foragers predominated in the interiors of larger fragments but avoided the smallest one. Forest specialists showed positive associations with forest variables (canopy cover, basal area and tree density), whereas frugivores responded positively to the human-use indicators. On these bases, specialist species appear to be especially vulnerable to forest fragmentation.
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42
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Withdrawn as duplicate: Guild-level responses of bats to habitat conversion in a lowland Amazonian rainforest: species composition and biodiversity. J Mammal 2019; 100:e1. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Presley
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Laura M Cisneros
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Brian T Klingbeil
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Michael R Willig
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Frick WF, Kingston T, Flanders J. A review of the major threats and challenges to global bat conservation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1469:5-25. [PMID: 30937915 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bats are an ecologically and taxonomically diverse group accounting for roughly a fifth of mammalian diversity worldwide. Many of the threats bats face (e.g., habitat loss, bushmeat hunting, and climate change) reflect the conservation challenges of our era. However, compared to other mammals and birds, we know significantly less about the population status of most bat species, which makes prioritizing and planning conservation actions challenging. Over a third of bat species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are considered threatened or data deficient, and well over half of the species have unknown or decreasing population trends. That equals 988 species, or 80% of bats assessed by IUCN, needing conservation or research attention. Delivering conservation to bat species will require sustained efforts to assess population status and trends and address data deficiencies. Successful bat conservation must integrate research and conservation to identify stressors and their solutions and to test the efficacy of actions to stabilize or increase populations. Global and regional networks that connect researchers, conservation practitioners, and local stakeholders to share knowledge, build capacity, and prioritize and coordinate research and conservation efforts, are vital to ensuring sustainable bat populations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred F Frick
- Bat Conservation International, Austin, Texas.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Tigga Kingston
- Department of Biological Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Jon Flanders
- Bat Conservation International, Austin, Texas.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Carrasco‐Rueda F, Loiselle BA. Do riparian forest strips in modified forest landscapes aid in conserving bat diversity? Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4192-4209. [PMID: 31015998 PMCID: PMC6467860 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural practices lead to losses of natural resources and biodiversity. Maintaining forests alongside streams (riparian forest strips) has been used as a mechanism to minimize the impact of clearing for agriculture on biodiversity. To test the contribution of riparian forest strips to conserve biodiversity in production landscapes, we selected bats as a biodiversity model system and examined two dimensions of diversity: taxonomic and functional. We compared bat diversity and composition in forest, with and without stream habitat, and in narrow forest riparian strips surrounded by areas cleared for agriculture. We tested the hypothesis that riparian forest strips provide potential conservation value by providing habitat and serving as movement corridors for forest bat species. Riparian forest strips maintained 75% of the bat species registered in forested habitats. We found assemblage in sites with riparian forest strips were dominated by a few species with high abundance and included several species with low abundance. Bat species assemblage was more similar between sites with streams than between those sites to forests without stream habitat. These results highlight the importance of stream habitat in predicting presence of bat species. We registered similar number of guilds between forest sites and riparian forest strips sites. Relative to matrix habitats, stream and edge habitats in riparian forest strips sites were functionally more diverse, supporting our hypothesis about the potential conservation value of riparian forest strips. Results from this study suggest that maintaining riparian forest strips within cleared areas for agricultural areas helps conserve the taxonomic and functional diversity of bats. Also, it provides basic data to evaluate the efficacy of maintaining these landscape features for mitigating impacts of agricultural development on biodiversity. However, we caution that riparian forest strips alone are not sufficient for biodiversity maintenance; their value depends on maintenance of larger forest areas in their vicinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Carrasco‐Rueda
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Bette A. Loiselle
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- Center for Latin American StudiesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
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46
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Willig MR, Presley SJ, Plante JL, Bloch CP, Solari S, Pacheco V, Weaver SC. Guild-level responses of bats to habitat conversion in a lowland Amazonian rainforest: species composition and biodiversity. J Mammal 2019; 100:223-238. [PMID: 30846887 PMCID: PMC6394116 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Landscape modification represents one of the most severe threats to biodiversity from local to global scales. Conversion of forest to agricultural production generally results in patches of habitat that subdivide or isolate populations, alter the behavior of species, modify interspecific interactions, reduce biodiversity, and compromise ecosystem processes. Moreover, conversion may increase exposure of humans to zoonoses to which they would otherwise rarely be exposed. We evaluated the effects of forest conversion to agriculture, and its subsequent successional dynamics, on bat communities in a region of the Amazon that was predominantly closed-canopy rainforest. Based on a nonmanipulative experiment, we quantified differences in species composition, community structure, and taxonomic biodiversity among closed-canopy forest (bosque), agricultural lands (chacra), and secondary forest (purma) for two phyllostomid guilds (frugivores and gleaning animalivores) during the wet and dry seasons. Responses were complex and guild-specific. For frugivores, species composition (species abundance distributions) differed between all possible pairs of habitats in both wet and dry seasons. For gleaning animalivores, species composition differed between all possible pairs of habitats in the dry season, but no differences characterized the wet season. Ecological structure (rank abundance distributions) differed among habitats in guild-specific and season-specific manners. For frugivores, mean diversity, evenness, and dominance were greater in bosque than in purma; mean dominance was greater in bosque than in chacra, but local rarity was greater in chacra than in bosque, and no differences were manifest between purma and chacra. For gleaning animalivores, mean diversity and evenness were greater in bosque than in purma, but no differences were manifest between chacra and bosque, or between purma and chacra. Such results have important implications for management, conservation, and the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases. La actual modificación del paisaje, a escalas que van de lo local a lo global, es una de las amenazas más severas a la biodiversidad. De manera general, la conversión de bosques a áreas agrícolas produce parches de hábitat que subdividen o aíslan poblaciones, alteran la conducta de las especies, modifican las interacciones interespecíficas, reducen la biodiversidad y comprometen las funciones de los ecosistemas. Más aún, la transformación de estos ambientes puede incrementar la probabilidad de que las poblaciones humanas interactúen con zoonosis con las que de otra manera raramente entrarían en contacto. Evaluamos los efectos de la conversión de hábitat en comunidades de murciélagos en una región de Amazonia en la que la vegetación dominante es un bosque lluvioso de copas cerradas, y en la cual los efectos de la conversión a usos agrícolas sobre la biodiversidad, y la subsecuente dinámica sucesional, son aún poco comprendidos. Por medio de un experimento no-manipulativo, cuantificamos las diferencias en composición de especies, estructura de la comunidad y diversidad taxonómica entre bosque cerrado (bosque), áreas agrícolas (chacra) y bosque secundario (purma) para dos gremios tróficos de murciélagos filostómidos (frugívoros y forrajeadores de sustrato) durante dos temporadas (secas y lluvias). Las respuestas fueron complejas y diferentes para cada gremio. Para los frugívoros, la composición de especies (distribución de las abundancias) fue diferente para todos los posibles pares de hábitats tanto para secas como para lluvias. Para los forrajeadores de sustrato, la composición de especies difirió entre todos los posibles pares de hábitats en la temporada seca, pero no en la de lluvias. La estructura ecológica (distribuciones rango-abundancia) fue también específica para gremios y temporadas. Para los frugívoros, la diversidad promedio, equidad y dominancia fueron mayores en bosque que en purma; la dominancia promedio fue mayor en bosque que en chacra, pero la rareza local fue mayor en chacra que en bosque, y no se encontraron diferencias entre purma y chacra. Para los forrajeadores de sustrato, la diversidad promedio y la dominancia fueron mayores en bosque que en purma, pero no se detectaron diferencias entre chacra y bosque, o entre purma y chacra. Estos resultados tienen importantes implicaciones para el manejo, conservación y epidemiología de zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Willig
- Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Steven J Presley
- Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Plante
- Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Christopher P Bloch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA
| | - Sergio Solari
- Grupo Mastozoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Victor Pacheco
- Departamento de Mastozooloía, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima-14, Perú
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Carvalho WDD, Gomes LAC, Castro IJD, Martins AC, Esbérard CEL, Mustin K. Beyond the Amazon Forest: Richness and Abundance of Bats in the Understory of Savannahs, Campinaranas and Terra Firme Forest. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.2.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William D. De Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitscheck, S/N, Jardim Marco Zero 68903-419, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Costa Gomes
- Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isaí J. De Castro
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitscheck, Km 10, CEP 68912-250, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Martins
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Lustosa Esbérard
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Morcegos, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen Mustin
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zoology Building, University Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TE, Scotland, United Kingdom
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48
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Scherrer D, Christe P, Guisan A. Modelling bat distributions and diversity in a mountain landscape using focal predictors in ensemble of small models. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Scherrer
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of Lausanne, Biophore Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of Lausanne, Biophore Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of Lausanne, Biophore Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface DynamicsUniversity of Lausanne, Géopolis Lausanne Switzerland
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49
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Analysis of the contribution of landscape attributes on the genetic diversity of Artibeus jamaicensis Leach, 1821. MAMMAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-018-0403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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50
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Kessler MK, Becker DJ, Peel AJ, Justice NV, Lunn T, Crowley DE, Jones DN, Eby P, Sánchez CA, Plowright RK. Changing resource landscapes and spillover of henipaviruses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1429:78-99. [PMID: 30138535 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) provide critical pollination and seed dispersal services to forest ecosystems across Africa, Asia, and Australia. In each of these regions, pteropodids have been identified as natural reservoir hosts for henipaviruses. The genus Henipavirus includes Hendra virus and Nipah virus, which regularly spill over from bats to domestic animals and humans in Australia and Asia, and a suite of largely uncharacterized African henipaviruses. Rapid change in fruit bat habitat and associated shifts in their ecology and behavior are well documented, with evidence suggesting that altered diet, roosting habitat, and movement behaviors are increasing spillover risk of bat-borne viruses. We review the ways that changing resource landscapes affect the processes that culminate in cross-species transmission of henipaviruses, from reservoir host density and distribution to within-host immunity and recipient host exposure. We evaluate existing evidence and highlight gaps in knowledge that are limiting our understanding of the ecological drivers of henipavirus spillover. When considering spillover in the context of land-use change, we emphasize that it is especially important to disentangle the effects of habitat loss and resource provisioning on these processes, and to jointly consider changes in resource abundance, quality, and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J Becker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.,The Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Alison J Peel
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nathan V Justice
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Tamika Lunn
- The Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel E Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Devin N Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Peggy Eby
- The School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cecilia A Sánchez
- The Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,The Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Raina K Plowright
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
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