1
|
Guo Q, Luo Q, Song G. Control of muscle satellite cell function by specific exercise-induced cytokines and their applications in muscle maintenance. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:466-476. [PMID: 38375571 PMCID: PMC10995279 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise is recognized to play an observable role in improving human health, especially in promoting muscle hypertrophy and intervening in muscle mass loss-related diseases, including sarcopenia. Recent rapid advances have demonstrated that exercise induces the release of abundant cytokines from several tissues (e.g., liver, muscle, and adipose tissue), and multiple cytokines improve the functions or expand the numbers of adult stem cells, providing candidate cytokines for alleviating a wide range of diseases. Muscle satellite cells (SCs) are a population of muscle stem cells that are mitotically quiescent but exit from the dormancy state to become activated in response to physical stimuli, after which SCs undergo asymmetric divisions to generate new SCs (stem cell pool maintenance) and commit to later differentiation into myocytes (skeletal muscle replenishment). SCs are essential for the postnatal growth, maintenance, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Emerging evidence reveals that exercise regulates muscle function largely via the exercise-induced cytokines that govern SC potential, but this phenomenon is complicated and confusing. This review provides a comprehensive integrative overview of the identified exercise-induced cytokines and the roles of these cytokines in SC function, providing a more complete picture regarding the mechanism of SC homeostasis and rejuvenation therapies for skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
White MR, Yates DT. Dousing the flame: reviewing the mechanisms of inflammatory programming during stress-induced intrauterine growth restriction and the potential for ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intervention. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1250134. [PMID: 37727657 PMCID: PMC10505810 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1250134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) arises when maternal stressors coincide with peak placental development, leading to placental insufficiency. When the expanding nutrient demands of the growing fetus subsequently exceed the capacity of the stunted placenta, fetal hypoxemia and hypoglycemia result. Poor fetal nutrient status stimulates greater release of inflammatory cytokines and catecholamines, which in turn lead to thrifty growth and metabolic programming that benefits fetal survival but is maladaptive after birth. Specifically, some IUGR fetal tissues develop enriched expression of inflammatory cytokine receptors and other signaling cascade components, which increases inflammatory sensitivity even when circulating inflammatory cytokines are no longer elevated after birth. Recent evidence indicates that greater inflammatory tone contributes to deficits in skeletal muscle growth and metabolism that are characteristic of IUGR offspring. These deficits underlie the metabolic dysfunction that markedly increases risk for metabolic diseases in IUGR-born individuals. The same programming mechanisms yield reduced metabolic efficiency, poor body composition, and inferior carcass quality in IUGR-born livestock. The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are diet-derived nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory effects that have been used to improve conditions of chronic systemic inflammation, including intrauterine stress. In this review, we highlight the role of sustained systemic inflammation in the development of IUGR pathologies. We then discuss the potential for ω-3 PUFA supplementation to improve inflammation-mediated growth and metabolic deficits in IUGR offspring, along with potential barriers that must be considered when developing a supplementation strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin T. Yates
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wumaer A, Maimaitiwusiman Z, Xiao W, Xuekelati S, Liu J, Musha T, Wang H. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α is associated with sarcopenia in elderly individuals residing in agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang, China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:788178. [PMID: 36160136 PMCID: PMC9492969 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.788178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory reactions play a significant role in the occurrence and development of sarcopenia. Determining the association between specific cytokines and sarcopenia may reveal the disease’s pathophysiological mechanism(s). Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia and inflammatory cytokines among the elderly natural population in agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of the community-dwelling older people using a multi-stage random sampling method in Mulei County in northern Xinjiang and Luopu County in southern Xinjiang from September 2017 to May 2018. Of the 2,100 participants, the statistical analyses included 1,838 participants with complete data. Comparisons of living habits, disease status, biochemical indexes, and levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia participants were made in this study. Results Our study revealed no significant differences (i.e., P > 0.05) in sex, age, ethnicity, smoking and drinking habits, serum renal function, total cholesterol, and diabetes in the elderly between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups in Xinjiang. However, triglyceride levels (P = 0.004), hypertension (P = 0.019), and abdominal obesity (P < 0.001) in the sarcopenia group were significantly higher than those in the non-sarcopenia group. Moreover, the levels of IL-10 (P < 0.001), IL-4 (P < 0.001), and TNF-α (P < 0.001) in the sarcopenia group were higher than those in the non-sarcopenia group after adjusting for sex, age, hypertension, blood lipid concentration, and obesity. Furthermore, after adjusting for sex, age, hypertension, obesity, and IL-10, IL-4, and IL-6 levels, an increased TNF-α level was also significantly associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that an increased plasma level of TNF-α is significantly associated with sarcopenia among elderly individuals residing in Xinjiang’s agricultural and pastoral areas. Further study is still needed to determine the physiological role of “immune aging” in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zullo A, Fleckenstein J, Schleip R, Hoppe K, Wearing S, Klingler W. Structural and Functional Changes in the Coupling of Fascial Tissue, Skeletal Muscle, and Nerves During Aging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32670080 PMCID: PMC7327116 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a one-way process associated with profound structural and functional changes in the organism. Indeed, the neuromuscular system undergoes a wide remodeling, which involves muscles, fascia, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. As a result, intrinsic features of tissues, as well as their functional and structural coupling, are affected and a decline in overall physical performance occurs. Evidence from the scientific literature demonstrates that senescence is associated with increased stiffness and reduced elasticity of fascia, as well as loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and regenerative potential. The interaction between muscular and fascial structures is also weakened. As for the nervous system, aging leads to motor cortex atrophy, reduced motor cortical excitability, and plasticity, thus leading to accumulation of denervated muscle fibers. As a result, the magnitude of force generated by the neuromuscular apparatus, its transmission along the myofascial chain, joint mobility, and movement coordination are impaired. In this review, we summarize the evidence about the deleterious effect of aging on skeletal muscle, fascial tissue, and the nervous system. In particular, we address the structural and functional changes occurring within and between these tissues and discuss the effect of inflammation in aging. From the clinical perspective, this article outlines promising approaches for analyzing the composition and the viscoelastic properties of skeletal muscle, such as ultrasonography and elastography, which could be applied for a better understanding of musculoskeletal modifications occurring with aging. Moreover, we describe the use of tissue manipulation techniques, such as massage, traction, mobilization as well as acupuncture, dry needling, and nerve block, to enhance fascial repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Johannes Fleckenstein
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Schleip
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hoppe
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Scott Wearing
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Health School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Werner Klingler
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Health School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Fascia Research Group, Department of Experimental Anaesthesiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, SRH Hospital Sigmaringen, Sigmaringen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liao ZH, Huang T, Xiao JW, Gu RC, Ouyang J, Wu G, Liao H. Estrogen signaling effects on muscle-specific immune responses through controlling the recruitment and function of macrophages and T cells. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:20. [PMID: 31358063 PMCID: PMC6661750 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen signaling is indispensable for muscle regeneration, yet the role of estrogen in the development of muscle inflammation, especially in the intramuscular T cell response, and the influence on the intrinsic immuno-behaviors of myofibers remain largely unknown. We investigated this issue using the mice model of cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced myoinjury, with or without estrogen level adjustment. Methods CTX injection i.m. (tibialis anterior, TA) was performed for preparing mice myoinjury model. Injection s.c. of 17β-estradiol (E2) or estrogen receptor antagonist 4-OHT, or ovariectomy (OVX), was used to change estrogen level of animal models in vivo. Serum E2 level was evaluated by ELISA. Gene levels of estrogen receptor (ERs) and cytokines/chemokines in inflamed muscle were monitored by qPCR. Inflammatory infiltration was observed by immunofluorescence. Macrophage and T cell phenotypes were analyzed by FACS. Immunoblotting was used to assess protein levels of ERs and immunomolecules in C2C12 myotubes treated with E2 or 4-OHT, in the presence of IFN-γ. Results We monitored the increased serum E2 level and the upregulated ERβ in regenerated myofibres after myotrauma. The absence of estrogen in vivo resulted in the more severe muscle inflammatory infiltration, involving the recruitment of monocyte/macrophage and CD4+ T cells, and the heightened proinflammatory (M1) macrophage. Moreover, estrogen signaling loss led to Treg cells infiltration decrease, Th1 response elevation in inflamed muscle, and the markedly expression upregulation of immunomolecules in IFN-γ-stimulated C2C12 myotubes in vitro. Conclusion Our data suggest that estrogen is a positive intervention factor for muscle inflammatory response, through its effects on controlling intramuscular infiltration and phenotypes of monocytes/macrophages, on affecting accumulation and function of Treg cells, and on suppressing Th1 response in inflamed muscle. Our findings also imply an inhibition effect of estrogen on the intrinsic immune behaviors of muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Hong Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiang Wei Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rui Cai Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Emergency, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Hua Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bosutti A, Bernareggi A, Massaria G, D'Andrea P, Taccola G, Lorenzon P, Sciancalepore M. A "noisy" electrical stimulation protocol favors muscle regeneration in vitro through release of endogenous ATP. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:121-128. [PMID: 31082374 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro system of electrical stimulation was used to explore whether an innovative "noisy" stimulation protocol derived from human electromyographic recordings (EMGstim) could promote muscle regeneration. EMGstim was delivered to cultured mouse myofibers isolated from Flexor Digitorum Brevis, preserving their satellite cells. In response to EMGstim, immunostaining for the myogenic regulatory factor myogenin, revealed an increased percentage of elongated myogenin-positive cells surrounding the myofibers. Conditioned medium collected from EMGstim-treated cell cultures, promoted satellite cells differentiation in unstimulated myofiber cell cultures, suggesting that extracellular soluble factors could mediate the process. Interestingly, the myogenic effect of EMGstim was mimicked by exogenously applied ATP (0.1 μM), reduced by the ATP diphosphohydrolase apyrase and prevented by blocking endogenous ATP release with carbenoxolone. In conclusion, our results show that "noisy" electrical stimulations favor muscle progenitor cell differentiation most likely via the release of endogenous ATP from contracting myofibres. Our data also suggest that "noisy" stimulation protocols could be potentially more efficient than regular stimulations to promote in vivo muscle regeneration after traumatic injury or in neuropathological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bosutti
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, Via A. Fleming 22, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bernareggi
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, Via A. Fleming 22, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Massaria
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, Via A. Fleming 22, I-34127, Trieste, Italy; Area Science Park, Padriciano, 99, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola D'Andrea
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, Via A. Fleming 22, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuliano Taccola
- Department of Neuroscience, SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy; SPINAL (Spinal Person Injury Neurorehabilitation Applied Laboratory), Istituto di Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione (IMFR), Via Gervasutta 48, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Lorenzon
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, Via A. Fleming 22, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Sciancalepore
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience B.R.A.I.N., University of Trieste, Via A. Fleming 22, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McClure MJ, Clark NM, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Platelet-rich plasma and alignment enhance myogenin via ERK mitogen activated protein kinase signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:055009. [PMID: 29967311 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aad0a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss is debilitating and involves extensive rehabilitation. One approach to accelerate healing, rehabilitation, and muscle function is to repair damaged skeletal muscle using regenerative medicine strategies. In sports medicine and orthopedics, a common clinical approach is to treat minor to severe musculoskeletal injuries with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. While these types of treatments have become commonplace, there are limited data demonstrating their effectiveness. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of PRP on myoblast gene expression and protein production when incorporated into a polymer fiber. To test this, we generated extracellular matrix mimicking scaffolds using aligned polydioxanone (PDO) fibers containing lyophilized PRP (SmartPReP® 2, Harvest Technologies Corporation, Plymouth, MA). Scaffolds with PRP caused a dose-dependent increase in myogenin and myosin heavy chain but did not affect myogenic differentiation factor-1 (MyoD). Integrin α7β1D decreased and α5β1A did not change in response to PRP scaffolds. ERK inhibition decreased myogenin and increased Myod on the PDO-PRP scaffolds. Taken together, these data suggest that alignment and PRP produce a substrate-dependent, ERK-dependent, and dose-dependent effect on myogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McClure
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States of America. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, College of Engineering, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Altered protein turnover signaling and myogenesis during impaired recovery of inflammation-induced muscle atrophy in emphysematous mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10761. [PMID: 30018383 PMCID: PMC6050248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exacerbations in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often accompanied by pulmonary and systemic inflammation, and are associated with an increased susceptibility to weight loss and muscle wasting. As the emphysematous phenotype in COPD appears prone to skeletal muscle wasting, the aims of this study were to evaluate in emphysematous compared to control mice following repetitive exacerbations (1) changes in muscle mass and strength and, (2) whether muscle mass recovery and its underlying processes are impaired. Emphysema was induced by intra-tracheal (IT) elastase instillations, followed by three weekly IT-LPS instillations to mimic repetitive exacerbations. Loss of muscle mass and strength were measured, and related to analyses of muscle protein turnover and myogenesis signaling in tissue collected during and following recovery. Emphysematous mice showed impaired muscle mass recovery in response to pulmonary inflammation-induced muscle atrophy. Proteolysis and protein synthesis signaling remained significantly higher in emphysematous mice during recovery from LPS. Myogenic signaling in skeletal muscle was altered, and fusion capacity of cultured muscle cells treated with plasma derived from LPS-treated emphysematous mice was significantly decreased. In conclusion, repetitive cycles of pulmonary inflammation elicit sustained muscle wasting in emphysematous mice due to impaired muscle mass recovery, which is accompanied by aberrant myogenesis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Safdar A, Tarnopolsky MA. Exosomes as Mediators of the Systemic Adaptations to Endurance Exercise. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:a029827. [PMID: 28490541 PMCID: PMC5830902 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Habitual endurance exercise training is associated with multisystemic metabolic adaptations that lower the risk of inactivity-associated disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Identification of complex systemic signaling networks responsible for these benefits are of great interest because of their therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases; however, specific signals that modulate the multisystemic benefits of exercise in multiple tissues and organs are only recently being discovered. Accumulated evidence suggests that muscle and other tissues have an endocrine function and release peptides and nucleic acids into the circulation in response to acute endurance exercise to mediate the multisystemic adaptations. Factors released from skeletal muscle have been termed myokines and we propose that the total of all factors released in response to endurance exercise (including peptides, nucleic acids, and metabolites) be termed, "exerkines." We propose that many of the exerkines are released within extracellular vesicles called exosomes, which regulate peripheral organ cross talk. Exosomes (30-140 nm) and larger microvesicles [MVs] (100-1000 nm) are subcategories of extracellular vesicles that are released into the circulation. Exosomes contain peptides and several nucleic acids (microRNA [miRNA], messenger RNA [mRNA], mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]) and are involved in intercellular/tissue exchange of their contents. An acute bout of endurance exercise increases circulating exosomes that are hypothesized to mediate organ cross talk to promote systemic adaptation to endurance exercise. Further support for the role of exosomes (and possibly MVs) in mediating the systemic benefits of exercise comes from the fact that the majority of the previously reported myokines/exerkines are found in extracellular vesicles databases (Vesiclepedia and ExoCarta). We propose that exosomes isolated from athletes following exercise or exosomes bioengineered to incorporate one or many of known exerkines will be therapeutically useful in the treatment of obesity, T2DM, and other aging-associated metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Safdar
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics & Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yoder MC. Endothelial stem and progenitor cells (stem cells): (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045893217743950. [PMID: 29099663 PMCID: PMC5731724 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217743950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of existing blood vessels to give rise to new blood vessels via endothelial cell sprouting is called angiogenesis and is a well-studied biologic process. In contrast, little is known about the mechanisms for endothelial cell replacement or regeneration within established blood vessels. Since clear definitions exist for identifying cells with stem and progenitor cell properties in many tissues and organs of the body, several groups have begun to accumulate evidence that endothelial stem and progenitor cells exist within the endothelial intima of existing blood vessels. This paper will review stem and progenitor cell definitions and highlight several recent papers purporting to have identified resident vascular endothelial stem and progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mervin C. Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi D, Gu R, Song Y, Ding M, Huang T, Guo M, Xiao J, Huang W, Liao H. Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV (CaMKIV) Mediates Acute Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Response. Inflammation 2017; 41:199-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
12
|
Loiben AM, Soueid-Baumgarten S, Kopyto RF, Bhattacharya D, Kim JC, Cosgrove BD. Data-Modeling Identifies Conflicting Signaling Axes Governing Myoblast Proliferation and Differentiation Responses to Diverse Ligand Stimuli. Cell Mol Bioeng 2017; 10:433-450. [PMID: 31719871 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-017-0508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skeletal muscle tissue development and regeneration relies on the proliferation, maturation and fusion of muscle progenitor cells (myoblasts), which arise transiently from muscle stem cells (satellite cells). Following muscle damage, myoblasts proliferate and differentiate in response to temporally-varying inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix cues, which stimulate a shared network of intracellular signaling pathways. Here we present an integrated data-modeling approach to elucidate synergies and antagonisms among proliferation and differentiation signaling axes in myoblasts stimulated by regeneration-associated ligands. Methods We treated mouse primary myoblasts in culture with combinations of eight regeneration-associated growth factors and cytokines in mixtures that induced additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects on myoblast proliferation and differentiation responses. For these combinatorial stimuli, we measured the activation dynamics of seven signal transduction pathways using multiplexed phosphoprotein assays and scored proliferation and differentiation responses based on expression of myogenic commitment factors to assemble a cue-signaling-response data compendium. We interrogated the relationship between these signals and responses by partial least-squares (PLS) regression modeling. Results Partial least-squares data-modeling accurately predicted response outcomes in cross-validation on the training compendium (cumulative R 2 = 0.96). The PLS model highlighted signaling axes that distinctly govern myoblast proliferation (MEK-ERK, Stat3) and differentiation (JNK) in response to these combinatorial cues, and we confirmed these signal-response associations with small molecule perturbations. Unexpectedly, we observed that a negative feedback circuit involving the phosphatase DUSP6/MKP-3 auto-regulates MEK-ERK signaling in myoblasts. Conclusion This data-modeling approach identified conflicting signaling axes that underlie muscle progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Loiben
- 1Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | | | - Ruth F Kopyto
- 2Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Debadrita Bhattacharya
- 3Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Joseph C Kim
- 1Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Benjamin D Cosgrove
- 1Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB Influences Muscle Regeneration in Duchenne Muscle Dystrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1814-1827. [PMID: 28618254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle fibers, and their substitution by fibrotic and adipose tissue. Many factors contribute to this process, but the molecular pathways related to regeneration and degeneration of muscle are not completely known. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB belongs to a family of growth factors that regulate proliferation, migration, and differentiation of mesenchymal cells. The role of PDGF-BB in muscle regeneration in humans has not been studied. We analyzed the expression of PDGF-BB in muscle biopsy samples from controls and patients with DMD. We performed in vitro experiments to understand the effects of PDGF-BB on myoblasts involved in the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophies and confirmed our results in vivo by treating the mdx murine model of DMD with repeated i.m. injections of PDGF-BB. We observed that regenerating and necrotic muscle fibers in muscle biopsy samples from DMD patients expressed PDGF-BB. In vitro, PDGF-BB attracted myoblasts and activated their proliferation. Analysis of muscles from the animals treated with PDGF-BB showed an increased population of satellite cells and an increase in the number of regenerative fibers, with a reduction in inflammatory infiltrates, compared with those in vehicle-treated mice. Based on our results, PDGF-BB may play a protective role in muscular dystrophies by enhancing muscle regeneration through activation of satellite cell proliferation and migration.
Collapse
|