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Deng J, Joshua Cohen D, Matias EB, Olson LO, McClure MJ, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Reduced osseointegration in disuse and denervation rat models results from impaired cellular responses to multiscale microstructured titanium surfaces. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38644051 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Immobilization-induced skeletal unloading results in muscle atrophy and rapid bone loss, thereby increasing the risk of falling and the need for implant therapy in patients with extended bed rest or neuromuscular injuries. Skeletal unloading causes bone loss by altering bone growth and resorption, suggesting that implant performance might be affected. To test this, we focused on early events in implant osseointegration. We used the rat sciatic neurectomy-induced disuse model under two different settings. In Study 1, 16 Sprague Dawley rats (SD) were separated into control, sham operated+cast immobilization, and sciatic neurectomy+casting groups; titanium implants with multiscale microtextured topography and hydrophilic chemistry (modSLA) were inserted in the distal femoral metaphysis. Neurectomy surgeries and casting were performed at the same surgical setting as implant placement; rats were euthanized 4 weeks post-implantation. In Study 2, we established the unloaded condition before implantation. A total of 12 SD rats were divided into control and sciatic+femoral neurectomy groups. A total of 24 days after sciatic and femoral neurectomy surgery, rats received implants. Study 2 rats were euthanized at 4 weeks post-implantation. MicroCT and histomorphometry showed that trabecular bone and osseointegration were reduced when disuse was established before implantation. Osteoblasts isolated from Study 1 sciatic neurectomy tibial bones exhibited impaired differentiation on modSLA culture disks, revealing a possible mechanism responsible for the decreased osseointegration observed in the Study 2 rats. This study addressed the importance of considering the mechanical unloading and muscle function history before implant insertion and suggests that implant performance was reduced due to poor cellular ability to regenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David Joshua Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Enrique B Matias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Lucas O Olson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Olson LC, Nguyen T, Sabalewski EL, Puetzer JL, Schwartz Z, McClure MJ. S100b treatment overcomes RAGE signaling deficits in myoblasts on advanced glycation end-product cross-linked collagen and promotes myogenic differentiation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1080-C1093. [PMID: 38314727 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00502.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) stochastically accrue in skeletal muscle and on collagen over an individual's lifespan, stiffening the muscle and modifying the stem cell (MuSC) microenvironment while promoting proinflammatory, antiregenerative signaling via the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGEs). In the present study, a novel in vitro model was developed of this phenomenon by cross linking a 3-D collagen scaffold with AGEs and investigating how myoblasts responded to such an environment. Briefly, collagen scaffolds were incubated with d-ribose (0, 25, 40, 100, or 250 mM) for 5 days at 37°C. C2C12 immortalized mouse myoblasts were grown on the scaffolds for 6 days in growth conditions for proliferation, and 12 days for differentiation and fusion. Human primary myoblasts were also used to confirm the C2C12 data. AGEs aberrantly extended the DNA production stage of C2C12s (but not in human primary myoblasts) which is known to delay differentiation in myogenesis, and this effect was prevented by RAGE inhibition. Furthermore, the differentiation and fusion of myoblasts were disrupted by AGEs, which were associated with reductions in integrins and suppression of RAGE. The addition of S100b (RAGE agonist) recovered the differentiation and fusion of myoblasts, and the addition of RAGE inhibitors (FPS-ZM1 and Azeliragon) inhibited the differentiation and fusion of myoblasts. Our results provide novel insights into the role of the AGE-RAGE axis in skeletal muscle aging, and future work is warranted on the potential application of S100b as a proregenerative factor in aged skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Collagen cross-linked by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) induced myoblast proliferation but prevented differentiation, myotube formation, and RAGE upregulation. RAGE inhibition occluded AGE-induced myoblast proliferation, while the delivery of S100b, a RAGE ligand, recovered fusion deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Olson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Department of Gerontology, College of Health Professionals, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Tri Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Eleanor L Sabalewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Jennifer L Puetzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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Deng J, Cohen DJ, Berger MB, Sabalewski EL, McClure MJ, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in a Botox-Induced Muscle Paralysis Rat Model Is Sensitive to Surface Topography and Semaphorin 3A Treatment. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010093. [PMID: 36975323 PMCID: PMC10046785 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced skeletal loading associated with many conditions, such as neuromuscular injuries, can lead to bone fragility and may threaten the success of implant therapy. Our group has developed a botulinum toxin A (botox) injection model to imitate disease-reduced skeletal loading and reported that botox dramatically impaired the bone formation and osseointegration of titanium implants. Semaphorin 3A (sema3A) is an osteoprotective factor that increases bone formation and inhibits bone resorption, indicating its potential therapeutic role in improving osseointegration in vivo. We first evaluated the sema3A effect on whole bone morphology following botox injections by delivering sema3A via injection. We then evaluated the sema3A effect on the osseointegration of titanium implants with two different surface topographies by delivering sema3A to cortical bone defect sites prepared for implant insertion and above the implants after insertion using a copper-free click hydrogel that polymerizes rapidly in situ. Implants had hydrophobic smooth surfaces (PT) or multiscale biomimetic micro/nano topography (SLAnano). Sema3A rescued the botox-impaired bone formation. Furthermore, biomimetic Ti implants improved the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and mechanical properties of the integrated bone in the botox-treated rats, which sema3A enhanced. This study demonstrated the value of biomimetic approaches combining multiscale topography and biologics in improving the clinical outcomes of implant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- VCU DaVinci Center for Innovation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - D. Joshua Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Michael B. Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Eleanor L. Sabalewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Michael J. McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +1-804-828-9866
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Olson LC, Redden JT, Gilliam L, Nguyen TM, Vossen JA, Cohen DJ, Schwartz Z, McClure MJ. Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Delivered on Decellularized Muscle Improve Muscle Regeneration and Regulate RAGE and P38 MAPK. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090426. [PMID: 36134970 PMCID: PMC9495328 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is the acute loss of muscle mass due to trauma. Such injuries occur primarily in the extremities and are debilitating, as there is no clinical treatment to restore muscle function. Pro-inflammatory advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are known to increase in acute trauma patient’s serum and are correlated with increased injury severity. However, it is unclear whether AGEs and RAGE increase in muscle post-trauma. To test this, we used decellularized muscle matrix (DMM), a pro-myogenic, non-immunogenic extracellular matrix biomaterial derived from skeletal muscle. We delivered adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and primary myoblasts to support myogenesis and immunomodulation (N = 8 rats/group). DMM non-seeded and seeded grafts were compared to empty defect and sham controls. Then, 56 days after surgery muscle force was assessed, histology characterized, and protein levels for AGEs, RAGE, p38 MAPK, and myosin heavy chains were measured. Overall, our data showed improved muscle regeneration in ASC-treated injury sites and a regulation of RAGE and p38 MAPK signaling, while myoblast-treated injuries resulted in minor improvements. Taken together, these results suggested that ASCs combined with DMM provides a pro-myogenic microenvironment with immunomodulatory capabilities and indicates further exploration of RAGE signaling in VML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Olson
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Department of Gerontology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - James T. Redden
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - LaStar Gilliam
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Tri M. Nguyen
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Josephina A. Vossen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - David J. Cohen
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael J. McClure
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-828-8337
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Deng J, Cohen DJ, Redden J, McClure MJ, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Differential Effects of Neurectomy and Botox-induced Muscle Paralysis on Bone Phenotype and Titanium Implant Osseointegration. Bone 2021; 153:116145. [PMID: 34390886 PMCID: PMC8480339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic bone is highly innervated by both sensory and sympathetic nerves. In addition to skeletal development, neural regulation participates in local bone remodeling, which is important for successful osseointegration of titanium implants. Neurectomy is a model used to investigate the lack of neural function on bone homeostasis, but the relative impacts of direct denervation to bone or denervation-induced muscle paralysis are less well defined. To investigate this difference, we used two nerve intervention models, sciatic and femoral neurectomy (SFN) v. botox-induced muscle paralysis (BTX) and assessed the resulting femoral bone phenotype and Ti implant osseointegration. Male Sprague Dawley rats (19) were randomly divided into three groups: implant control (n = 5), SFN (n = 7), and BTX (n = 7). Ti implants (microrough/hydrophilic [modSLA], Institut Straumann AG) were placed in the distal metaphysis of each femur on day 24 post-SFN or BTX. Bone and muscle were examined on day 28 after implant insertion. Both nerve intervention models impaired osseointegration. MicroCT and histology indicated that both models had reduced trabecular bone formation. Only BTX reduced cortical bone formation and increased cortical bone porosity. BTX resulted in more bone loss characterized by the least trabecular and cortical bone, as well as osseointegration. Osteoblasts isolated from the tibia exhibited a model-specific phenotype when they were grown on Ti substrates in vitro. Neurectomy caused more severe muscle atrophy than botox injection. These results indicate that neural regulation directly modulates bone formation and osseointegration. Muscle paralysis modulated the effects of loss of neural inputs into bone, supporting the hypothesis that mechanical loading of bone is a factor in achieving successful osseointegration. The different effects of botox and neurectomy on bone phenotype indicated that the sensory and sympathetic nerves had a role in the osseointegration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - James Redden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Olson LC, Redden JT, Schwartz Z, Cohen DJ, McClure MJ. Advanced Glycation End-Products in Skeletal Muscle Aging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110168. [PMID: 34821734 PMCID: PMC8614898 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced age causes skeletal muscle to undergo deleterious changes including muscle atrophy, fast-to-slow muscle fiber transition, and an increase in collagenous material that culminates in the age-dependent muscle wasting disease known as sarcopenia. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) non-enzymatically accumulate on the muscular collagens in old age via the Maillard reaction, potentiating the accumulation of intramuscular collagen and stiffening the microenvironment through collagen cross-linking. This review contextualizes known aspects of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) aging, especially the role of collagens and AGE cross-linking, and underpins the motor nerve’s role in this aging process. Specific directions for future research are also discussed, with the understudied role of AGEs in skeletal muscle aging highlighted. Despite more than a half century of research, the role that intramuscular collagen aggregation and cross-linking plays in sarcopenia is well accepted yet not well integrated with current knowledge of AGE’s effects on muscle physiology. Furthermore, the possible impact that motor nerve aging has on intramuscular cross-linking and muscular AGE levels is posited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Olson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (J.T.R.); (Z.S.); (D.J.C.)
- Department of Gerontology, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - James T. Redden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (J.T.R.); (Z.S.); (D.J.C.)
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (J.T.R.); (Z.S.); (D.J.C.)
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - David J. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (J.T.R.); (Z.S.); (D.J.C.)
| | - Michael J. McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (J.T.R.); (Z.S.); (D.J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Asmussen NC, Cohen DJ, Lin Z, McClure MJ, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Specific MicroRNAs Found in Extracellular Matrix Vesicles Regulate Proliferation and Differentiation in Growth Plate Chondrocytes. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:455-468. [PMID: 33950267 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix vesicles (MVs) are extracellular organelles produced by growth plate cartilage cells in a zone-specific manner. MVs are similar in size to exosomes, but they are tethered to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins. Originally associated with matrix calcification, studies now show that they contain matrix processing enzymes and microRNA that are specific to their zone of maturation. MVs produced by costochondral cartilage resting zone (RC) chondrocytes are enriched in microRNA 503 whereas those produced by growth zone (GC) chondrocytes are enriched in microRNA 122. MVs are packaged by chondrocytes under hormonal and factor regulation and release of their contents into the ECM is also under hormonal control, suggesting that their microRNA might have a regulatory role in growth plate proliferation and maturation. To test this, we selected a subset of these enriched microRNAs and transfected synthetic mimics back into RC and GC cells. Transfecting growth plate chondrocytes with select microRNA produced a broad range of phenotypic responses indicating that MV-based microRNAs are involved in the regulation of these cells. Specifically, microRNA 122 drives both RC and GC cells toward a proliferative phenotype, stabilizes the matrix and inhibits differentiation whereas microRNA 22 exerts control over regulatory factor production. This study demonstrates the strong regulatory capability possessed by unique MV enriched microRNAs on growth plate chondrocytes and their potential for use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels C Asmussen
- School of Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Michael J McClure
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Tucker JD, Goetz LL, Duncan MB, Gilman JB, Elmore LW, Sell SA, McClure MJ, Quagliano PV, Martin CC. Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Analysis of the Knee Synovial Environment Following Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis. PM R 2021; 13:707-719. [PMID: 33492733 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) is used to treat knee osteoarthritis; however, mechanistic evidence of PRP effectiveness for pain relief is limited. OBJECTIVE To assess molecular biomarkers and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in synovial fluid during PRP treatment of the osteoarthritic knee joint. DESIGN Single blinded, randomized, placebo controlled pilot study. SETTING Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS Seventeen participants with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis were randomized in a 2:1 placebo-controlled ratio, receiving PRP or saline (placebo) intra-articular injection into the knee joint. METHODS Knee synovial fluid was analyzed before the respective injections and again 10 days following injection. Participants were followed up to 12 months completing visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaires at intervals over that period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The effects of PRP on synovial protein and MSC gene expression levels were measured by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Novel biomarkers including levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in synovial fluid 10 days after PRP treatment. Altered gene expression profiles in MSCs from patients treated with PRP were observed for matrix metalloproteinases and inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, TNF-α). A2M protease was significantly increased following PRP treatment (P = .005). WOMAC scores declined for up to 3 months from baseline levels and remained low at 6 and 12 months in the PRP group. In contrast, WOMAC scores for patients receiving the saline injection were relatively unchanged for up to 12 months. CONCLUSIONS We report significant changes for the biomarker A2M (P = .005) as well as differences in expression of cellular markers and postulate that PRP modulates the local knee synovial environment by altering the inflammatory milieu, matrix degradation, and angiogenic growth factors. The PRP treatment group had less pain and stiffness and improved function scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Tucker
- iOrthoBiologix, Charlotte, NC.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA
| | - Lance L Goetz
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Jared B Gilman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Scott A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Peter V Quagliano
- Department of Radiology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Caroline C Martin
- Department or Pathology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA
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McClure MJ, Olson LC, Cohen DJ, Huang YC, Zhang S, Nguyen T, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. RNU ( Foxn1
RNU-Nude) Rats Demonstrate an Improved Ability to Regenerate Muscle in a Volumetric Muscle Injury Compared to Sprague Dawley Rats. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8010012. [PMID: 33467489 PMCID: PMC7830033 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Products developed for skeletal muscle regeneration frequently incorporate allogeneic and xenogeneic materials to elicit a regenerative response to heal skeletal muscle wounds. To avoid graft rejection in preclinical studies, immunodeficient rodents are used. Whether the immunodeficiency alters the host response to the material in skeletal muscle has not been studied. In this study, we hypothesized that an allogeneic acellular skeletal muscle grafts implanted in an immunodeficient rat (RNU, Foxn1-deficient) would exhibit better new muscle fiber formation compared to grafts implanted in immunocompetent Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Decellularized SD skeletal muscle matrix (DMM) was implanted in the gastrocnemius (N = 8 rats/group). 56 days after surgery, animal gait was examined and animals were euthanized. Muscle force was assessed and fiber number as well as immune cell infiltrate was measured by histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. Animal gait and percent recovery of muscle force were unchanged in both groups, but newly regenerated muscle fibers increased in RNU rats. Macrophage staining for CD68 was higher in RNU rats than in SD rats. These data show differences in muscle regeneration between animal models using the same biomaterial treatment, but these differences could not be ascribed to the immune response. Overall, our data provide awareness that more studies are needed to understand how host responses to biomaterials differ based on the animal model used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (D.J.C.); (S.Z.); (T.N.); (B.D.B.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-828-8337
| | - Lucas C. Olson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (D.J.C.); (S.Z.); (T.N.); (B.D.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - David J. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (D.J.C.); (S.Z.); (T.N.); (B.D.B.); (Z.S.)
| | | | - Shirley Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (D.J.C.); (S.Z.); (T.N.); (B.D.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tri Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (D.J.C.); (S.Z.); (T.N.); (B.D.B.); (Z.S.)
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (D.J.C.); (S.Z.); (T.N.); (B.D.B.); (Z.S.)
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (L.C.O.); (D.J.C.); (S.Z.); (T.N.); (B.D.B.); (Z.S.)
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Maroni CR, Friedman MA, Zhang Y, McClure MJ, Fulle S, Farber CR, Donahue HJ. Genetic variability affects the response of skeletal muscle to disuse. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2021; 21:387-396. [PMID: 34465678 PMCID: PMC8426660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether genetic variability plays a role in skeletal muscle response to disuse. METHODS We examined skeletal muscle response to disuse in five different strains of mice: CAST/EiJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, NZO/HILtJ, 129S1/SvImJ and A/J. Mice had one limb immobilized by a cast for three weeks. RESULTS Response to immobilization was dependent on the strain of mice. Skeletal muscle mass/body weight was decreased by immobilization in all strains except 1291/SvImJ. Immobilization decreased absolute skeletal muscle mass in quadriceps and gastrocnemius in NOD/ShiltJ and NZO/HILtJ mice. Three weeks of immobilization resulted in an increase in quadriceps levels of atrogenes in CAST/EiJ. Immobilization resulted in an increase in quadriceps and gastrocnemius levels of Myh4 in CAST/EiJ. A similar trend was observed for Myh7 in gastrocnemius muscle. Immobilization resulted in a decrease of the p-p70S6K1/total p706SK1 ratio in quadriceps of NOD/ShiLtJ mice and the gastrocnemius of A/J mice. Immobilization did not affect the p-4EBP1/total 4EBP1 ratio in quadriceps of any of the strains examined. However, the p-4EBP1/total 4EBP1 ratio in gastrocnemius was greater in immobilized, relative to control, limbs in CAST/EiJ mice. CONCLUSION Genetic variability affects the response of skeletal muscle to disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Reina Maroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy,Institute for Engineering and Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael A. Friedman
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael J. McClure
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Charles R. Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Henry J. Donahue
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Corresponding author: Henry J. Donahue, Ph.D., Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America E-mail:
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11
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Abebayehu D, Spence AJ, McClure MJ, Haque TT, Rivera KO, Ryan JJ. Polymer scaffold architecture is a key determinant in mast cell inflammatory and angiogenic responses. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:884-892. [PMID: 30615257 PMCID: PMC6551205 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Implanted polymer scaffolds can induce inflammation leading to the foreign body response (FBR), fibrosis, and implant failure. Thus, it is important to understand how immune cells interact with scaffolds to mitigate inflammation and promote a regenerative response. We previously demonstrated that macrophage phenotype is modulated by fiber and pore diameters of an electrospun scaffold. However, it is unclear if this effect is consistent among other innate immune cells. Mast cells are inflammatory sentinels that play a vital role in the FBR of implanted biomaterials, as well as angiogenesis. We determined if altering electrospun scaffold architecture modulates mast cell responses, with the goal of promoting regenerative cell-scaffold interactions. Polydioxanone (PDO) scaffolds were made from 60 mg/mL or 140 mg/mL PDO solutions, yielding structures with divergent fiber and pore diameters. Mouse mast cells plated on these scaffolds were activated with IL-33 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Relative to the 60 mg/mL scaffold, 140 mg/mL scaffolds yielded less IL-6 and TNF, and greater VEGF secretion. Pores >4-6 μm elicited less IL-6 and TNF secretion. IL-33-induced VEGF regulation was more complex, showing effects of both pore size and fiber diameter. These data indicate parameters that can predict mast cell responses to scaffolds, informing biomaterial design to increase wound healing and diminish implant rejection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 884-892, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abebayehu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
| | - Andrew J Spence
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2012
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
| | - Tamara T Haque
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2012
| | - Kevin O Rivera
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2012
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2012
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12
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McClure MJ, Ramey AN, Rashid M, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Integrin-α7 signaling regulates connexin 43, M-cadherin, and myoblast fusion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C876-C887. [PMID: 30892939 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00282.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine treatments for severe skeletal muscle injuries are limited, resulting in persistent functional deficits. Clinical options include neglecting the wound with the expectation that fibrosis will develop or using an autologous muscle graft with minimal functional improvement. A regenerative matrix can be used, but muscle fiber development on these matrices remains a challenge in vivo. Here, we explored the fundamental mechanisms that mediate cell-substrate signaling and its effect on cell-cell communication during myoblast fusion and tube formation to improve outcomes following implantation of matrices used to stimulate muscle regeneration. We previously reported that integrin-α7 was increased on anisotropic biomaterials, suggesting a role for α7β1 signaling in myoblast communication via connexin 43 and M-cadherin. Our results demonstrated that α7 silencing blocked expression of myogenic differentiation factor 1 (Myod), myogenin (Myog), myogenic factor 6 (Myf6), myosin heavy chain type 1 (Myh1), and transmembrane protein 8c (Tmem8c), indicating that myoblast fusion was inhibited. Expression of α5 and M-cadherin decreased but β1 and connexin 43 increased. We examined protein production and observed reduced extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) in α7-silenced cells that correlated with upregulation of connexin 43 and M-cadherin, suggesting a compensatory pathway. These results indicate that α7 signaling plays a critical role in ex vivo fusion and implicates a relationship with connexin 43 and M-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Allison N Ramey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mashaba Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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13
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Asmussen N, Lin Z, McClure MJ, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Regulation of extracellular matrix vesicles via rapid responses to steroid hormones during endochondral bone formation. Steroids 2019; 142:43-47. [PMID: 29233620 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endochondral bone formation is a precise and highly ordered process whose exact regulatory framework is still being elucidated. Multiple regulatory pathways are known to be involved. In some cases, regulation impacts gene expression, resulting in changes in chondrocyte phenotypic expression and extracellular matrix synthesis. Rapid regulatory mechanisms are also involved, resulting in release of enzymes, factors and micro RNAs stored in extracellular matrisomes called matrix vesicles. Vitamin D metabolites modulate endochondral development via both genomic and rapid membrane-associated signaling pathways. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and a membrane associated receptor, protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3). 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24R,25(OH)2D3] affects primarily chondrocytes in the resting zone (RC) of the growth plate, whereas 1α,25(OH)2D3 affects cells in the prehypertrophic and upper hypertrophic cell zones (GC). This includes genomically directing the cells to produce matrix vesicles with zone specific characteristics. In addition, vitamin D metabolites produced by the cells interact directly with the matrix vesicle membrane via rapid signal transduction pathways, modulating their activity in the matrix. The matrix vesicle payload is able to rapidly impact the extracellular matrix via matrix processing enzymes as well as providing a feedback mechanism to the cells themselves via the contained micro RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Asmussen
- School of Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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14
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McClure MJ, Cohen DJ, Ramey AN, Bivens CB, Mallu S, Isaacs JE, Imming E, Huang YC, Sunwoo M, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Decellularized Muscle Supports New Muscle Fibers and Improves Function Following Volumetric Injury. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1228-1241. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David J. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Allison N. Ramey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Caroline B. Bivens
- Department of School of Art, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Satya Mallu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jonathan E. Isaacs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Emily Imming
- MTF Biologics, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, New Jersey
| | - Yen-Chen Huang
- MTF Biologics, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, New Jersey
| | - MoonHae Sunwoo
- MTF Biologics, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, New Jersey
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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McClure MJ, Clark NM, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Platelet-rich plasma and alignment enhance myogenin via ERK mitogen activated protein kinase signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:055009. [PMID: 29967311 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aad0a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss is debilitating and involves extensive rehabilitation. One approach to accelerate healing, rehabilitation, and muscle function is to repair damaged skeletal muscle using regenerative medicine strategies. In sports medicine and orthopedics, a common clinical approach is to treat minor to severe musculoskeletal injuries with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. While these types of treatments have become commonplace, there are limited data demonstrating their effectiveness. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of PRP on myoblast gene expression and protein production when incorporated into a polymer fiber. To test this, we generated extracellular matrix mimicking scaffolds using aligned polydioxanone (PDO) fibers containing lyophilized PRP (SmartPReP® 2, Harvest Technologies Corporation, Plymouth, MA). Scaffolds with PRP caused a dose-dependent increase in myogenin and myosin heavy chain but did not affect myogenic differentiation factor-1 (MyoD). Integrin α7β1D decreased and α5β1A did not change in response to PRP scaffolds. ERK inhibition decreased myogenin and increased Myod on the PDO-PRP scaffolds. Taken together, these data suggest that alignment and PRP produce a substrate-dependent, ERK-dependent, and dose-dependent effect on myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McClure
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States of America. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, College of Engineering, Richmond, VA, United States of America
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16
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Lin Z, McClure MJ, Zhao J, Ramey AN, Asmussen N, Hyzy SL, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. MicroRNA Contents in Matrix Vesicles Produced by Growth Plate Chondrocytes are Cell Maturation Dependent. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3609. [PMID: 29483516 PMCID: PMC5826934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes at different maturation states in the growth plate produce matrix vesicles (MVs), membrane organelles found in the extracellular matrix, with a wide range of contents, such as matrix processing enzymes and receptors for hormones. We have shown that MVs harvested from growth zone (GC) chondrocyte cultures contain abundant small RNAs, including miRNAs. Here, we determined whether RNA also exists in MVs produced by less mature resting zone (RC) chondrocytes and, if so, whether it differs from the RNA in MVs produced by GC cells. Our results showed that RNA, small RNA specifically, was present in RC-MVs, and it was well-protected from RNase by the phospholipid membrane. A group of miRNAs was enriched in RC-MVs compared RC-cells, suggesting that miRNAs are selectively packaged into MVs. High throughput array and RNA sequencing showed that ~39% miRNAs were differentially expressed between RC-MVs and GC-MVs. Individual RT-qPCR also confirmed that miR-122-5p and miR-150-5p were expressed at significantly higher levels in RC-MVs compared to GC-MVs. This study showed that growth plate chondrocytes at different differentiation stages produce different MVs with different miRNA contents, further supporting extracellular vesicle miRNAs play a role as “matrisomes” that mediate the cell–cell communication in cartilage and bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Junjun Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,General Dentistry, 9th People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Allison N Ramey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Niels Asmussen
- School of Integrated Life Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sharon L Hyzy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Periodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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17
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Abebayehu D, Spence A, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z, Ryan JJ, McClure MJ. Galectin-1 promotes an M2 macrophage response to polydioxanone scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2562-2571. [PMID: 28544348 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regulating soft tissue repair to prevent fibrosis and promote regeneration is central to creating a microenvironment conducive to soft tissue development. Macrophages play an important role in this process. The macrophage response can be modulated using biomaterials, altering cytokine and growth factor secretion to promote regeneration. Electrospun polydioxanone (PDO) fiber scaffolds promoted an M2 phenotype when macrophages were cultured on large diameter, highly porous scaffolds, but an M1 phenotype on smaller diameter fibers. In this study, we investigated whether incorporation of galectin-1, an immunosuppressive protein that enhances muscle regeneration, could promote the M2 response. Galectin-1 was incorporated into large and small fiber PDO scaffolds during electrospinning. Galectin-1 incorporation increased arginase-1 and reduced iNOS and IL-6 production in mouse bone-marrow derived macrophages compared with PDO alone for both scaffold types. Inhibition of ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase did not alter galectin-1 effects on arginase-1 and iNOS expression, but reversed IL-6 suppression, indicating that IL-6 is mediated by a different mechanism. Our results suggest that galectin-1 can be used to modulate macrophage commitment to a pro-regenerative M2 phenotype, which may positively impact tissue regeneration when using small diameter PDO scaffolds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2562-2571, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abebayehu
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Andrew Spence
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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McClure MJ, Garg K, Simpson DG, Ryan JJ, Sell SA, Bowlin GL, Ericksen JJ. The influence of platelet-rich plasma on myogenic differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E239-49. [PMID: 23868863 DOI: 10.1002/term.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to expand and direct both precursor and stem cells towards a differential fate is considered extremely advantageous in tissue engineering. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) possesses a milieu of growth factors and cytokines, which have the potential to have either a differentiative or proliferative influence on the cell type tested. Here, we investigated the effect of PRP on C2C12 myoblasts. A range of PRP concentrations in differentiation media was used to determine whether a concentration dependence existed, while PRP embedded in fibres of aligned electrospun polydioxanone and polycaprolactone was used to determine whether this presence of fibres would cause any differences in response. In both cases, it was found that late myogenic markers were suppressed after 7 days in culture. However, an early differentiation marker, MyoD, was upregulated during this same time period. The results from this study represent the ability of PRP to have an influence over both myogenic proliferation and differentiation, a factor which could prove useful in future studies involved with skeletal muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McClure
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David G Simpson
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Scott A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jeffery J Ericksen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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Yin A, Zhang K, McClure MJ, Huang C, Wu J, Fang J, Mo X, Bowlin GL, Al-Deyab SS, El-Newehy M. Electrospinning collagen/chitosan/poly(L-lactic acid-co-ϵ-caprolactone) to form a vascular graft: Mechanical and biological characterization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1292-301. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McClure MJ, Simpson DG, Bowlin GL. Tri-layered vascular grafts composed of polycaprolactone, elastin, collagen, and silk: Optimization of graft properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 10:48-61. [PMID: 22520418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to create seamless, acellular, small diameter bioresorbable arterial grafts that attempt to mimic the extracellular matrix and mechanical properties of native artery using synthetic and natural polymers. Silk fibroin, collagen, elastin, and polycaprolactone (PCL) were electrospun to create a tri-layered structure for evaluation. Dynamic compliance testing of the electrospun grafts ranged from 0.4-2.5%/100 mmHg, where saphenous vein (1.5%/100 mmHg) falls within this range. Increasing PCL content caused a gradual decrease in medial layer compliance, while changes in PCL, elastin, and silk content in the adventitial layer had varying affects. Mathematical modeling was used to further characterize these results. Burst strength results ranged from 1614-3500 mmHg, where some exceeded the capacity of the pressure regulator. Four week degradation studies demonstrated no significant changes in compliance or burst strength, indicating that these grafts could withstand the initial physiological conditions without risk of degradation. Overall, we were able to manufacture a multi-layered graft that architecturally mimics the native vascular wall and mechanically matches the gold standard of vessel replacement, saphenous vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-3067, USA.
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21
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McClure MJ, Sell SA, Simpson DG, Walpoth BH, Bowlin GL. Tri-layered electrospinning to mimic native arterial architecture using polycaprolactone, elastin, and collagen: a preliminary study. J Vis Exp 2011:2084. [PMID: 21248694 DOI: 10.3791/2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout native artery, collagen and elastin play an important role, providing a mechanical backbone, preventing vessel rupture, and promoting recovery under pulsatile deformations. The goal of this study was to mimic the structure of native artery by fabricating a multi-layered electrospun conduit composed of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) with the addition of elastin and collagen with blends of 45-45-10, 55-35-10, and 65-25-10 PCL-ELAS-COL to demonstrate mechanical properties indicative of native arterial tissue, while remaining conducive to tissue regeneration. Whole grafts and individual layers were analyzed using uniaxial tensile testing, dynamic compliance, suture retention, and burst strength. Compliance results revealed that changes to the middle/medial layer changed overall graft behavior with whole graft compliance values ranging from 0.8 - 2.8 % / 100 mmHg, while uniaxial results demonstrated an average modulus range of 2.0 - 11.8 MPa. Both modulus and compliance data displayed values within the range of native artery. Mathematical modeling was implemented to show how changes in layer stiffness affect the overall circumferential wall stress, and as a design aid to achieve the best mechanical combination of materials. Overall, the results indicated that a graft can be designed to mimic a tri-layered structure by altering layer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.
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McClure MJ, Sell SA, Ayres CE, Simpson DG, Bowlin GL. Electrospinning-aligned and random polydioxanone–polycaprolactone–silk fibroin-blended scaffolds: geometry for a vascular matrix. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:055010. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/5/055010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Sell SA, McClure MJ, Garg K, Wolfe PS, Bowlin GL. Electrospinning of collagen/biopolymers for regenerative medicine and cardiovascular tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1007-19. [PMID: 19651166 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The process of electrospinning has seen a resurgence of interest in the last few decades which has led to a rapid increase in the amount of research devoted to its use in tissue engineering applications. Of this research, the area of cardiovascular tissue engineering makes up a large percentage, with substantial resources going towards the creation of bioresorbable vascular grafts composed of electrospun nanofibers of collagen and other biopolymers. These bioresorbable grafts have compositions that allow for the in situ remodeling of the structure, with the eventual replacement of the graft with completely autologous tissue. This review will highlight some of the work done in the field of electrospinning for cardiovascular applications, with an emphasis on the use of biopolymers such as collagens, elastin, gelatin, fibrinogen, and silk fibroin, as well as biopolymers used in combination with resorbable synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23284-3067, USA
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Sell SA, Francis MP, Garg K, McClure MJ, Simpson DG, Bowlin GL. Cross-linking methods of electrospun fibrinogen scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Biomed Mater 2008; 3:045001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/4/045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Liu M, McClure MJ, Zhu H, Xie G, Lei B. The Two-Component Regulatory System VicRK is Important to Virulence of Streptococcus equi Subspecies equi. Open Microbiol J 2008; 2:89-93. [PMID: 19088917 PMCID: PMC2593050 DOI: 10.2174/1874285800802010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at evaluating the importance of the two-component regulatory system VicRK to virulence of the horse pathogen Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and the potential of a vicK mutant as a live vaccine candidate using mouse infection models. The vicK gene was deleted by gene replacement. The ΔvicK mutant is attenuated in virulence in both subcutaneous and intranasal infections in mice. ΔvicK grows less slowly than the parent strain but retains the ability of S. equi to resist to phagocytosis by polymorphoneuclear leukocytes, suggesting that the vicK deletion causes growth defect. ΔvicK infection protects mice against reinfection with a wild-type S. equi strain. Intranasal ΔvicK infection induces production of anti-SeM mucosal IgA and systemic IgG. These results indicate that VicRK is important to S. equi growth and virulence and suggest that ΔvicK has the potential to be developed as a live S. equi vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Liu
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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Carrizales C, Pelfrey S, Rincon R, Eubanks TM, Kuang A, McClure MJ, Bowlin GL, Macossay J. Thermal and mechanical properties of electrospun PMMA, PVC, Nylon 6, and Nylon 6,6. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Smith MJ, McClure MJ, Sell SA, Barnes CP, Walpoth BH, Simpson DG, Bowlin GL. Suture-reinforced electrospun polydioxanone-elastin small-diameter tubes for use in vascular tissue engineering: a feasibility study. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:58-66. [PMID: 17897890 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study characterizes the cross-linking of electrospun elastin and the mechanical properties of suture-reinforced 1.5mm internal diameter electrospun tubes composed of blended polydioxanone (PDO) and soluble elastin. Several tube configurations were tested to assess the effects of reinforcement on tube mechanical properties. Between the electrospun layers of each double-layered prosthetic, zero, one or two 6-0 sutures were wound, maintaining 1mm spacing with a pitch of 9 degrees . Single-layered tubes without suture were also examined. Samples were cross-linked and tested for compliance and burst strength. Compliance decreased significantly (p <0.05) and burst strength significantly increased (p <0.01) with reinforcement. Uncross-linked tubes were also tested to determine the effects of cross-linking. Results demonstrated that cross-linking significantly decreases burst strength (p <0.01), while decreases in compliance for cross-linked tubes were not significant. Cross-linked suture-reinforced PDO-elastin tubes had burst pressures more than 10 times greater than normal systolic pressures and exhibited a range of compliance values, including those matching native artery. These tubes display many characteristics of the "ideal" small-diameter graft, having mechanical properties that can be tailored to match those desired in vascular replacement applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Abstract
AIMS To evaluate prospectively the impact of an appendix ultrasound (US) service on the clinical management of patients presenting with suspected acute appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The referring clinician completed a proforma for patients presenting with suspected acute appendicitis. Two visual analogue scales assessed clinical suspicion before and after knowledge of laboratory results. The clinician also indicated if they intended to operate had US been unavailable. During a 3-year period, 327 patients were examined by graded-compression US and diagnosed "positive" or "negative" for acute appendicitis. Findings were correlated with histopathology results. The referring clinician completed a retrospective audit questionnaire to assess user satisfaction. RESULTS Clinical suspicion was altered by knowledge of laboratory results. The decision to operate if US had been unavailable, was "yes" in 70 cases (group A), "no" in 231 (group B), and incomplete in 26 (group C). In group A, 31 patients (44.3%) had a negative US and 25 avoided surgery. US identified 39 cases of appendicitis and 37 appendicectomies confirmed appendicitis in 34 cases. In group B, 72 (31.2%) patients had a positive US and 66 appendicectomies confirmed 51 cases of appendicitis. The sensitivity of US was 94.7% in group A, 93.3% in group B and 93.8% overall. Specificity was 90.6% in group A, 91.2% in group B and 91.3% overall. US findings were contrary to intended surgical management in 103 cases. Management was altered in 97 cases (32.2%), with a positive outcome in 85 (28.2%). The referrers found US of appendix very useful in planning appropriate management. CONCLUSION US of the appendix increases diagnostic accuracy, alters management and is more sensitive and specific than clinical impression, either alone, or in conjunction with laboratory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gracey
- Department of Radiology, Craigavon Area Hospital Group Trust, Portadown, Craigavon, UK
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Hanks TS, Liu M, McClure MJ, Fukumura M, Duffy A, Lei B. Differential regulation of iron- and manganese-specific MtsABC and heme-specific HtsABC transporters by the metalloregulator MtsR of group A Streptococcus. Infect Immun 2006; 74:5132-9. [PMID: 16926405 PMCID: PMC1594851 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00176-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of the human pathogen group A Streptococcus (GAS) encodes the transporters MtsABC, FtsABCD, and HtsABC to take up ferric and manganese ions, ferric ferrichrome, and heme, respectively. The GAS genome also encodes two metalloregulators PerR and MtsR. To understand the regulation of the expression of these transporters, the mtsR and perR deletion mutants of a GAS serotype M1 strain were generated, and the effects of the deletions and Fe(3+), Mn(2+), and Zn(2+) on the expression of mtsA, htsA, and ftsB were examined. Mn(2+) dramatically depresses mtsA transcription and levels of the MtsA protein but does not downregulate the expression of htsA and ftsB. Fe(3+) decreases the expression of mtsA and htsA but has no effect on ftsB expression. Zn(2+) has no effect on the expression of all three genes. The deletion of mtsR abolishes the Mn(2+)- and Fe(3+)-induced depression of mtsA expression and the Fe(3+)-dependent decrease in htsA expression. The deletion of mtsR does not significantly alter GAS virulence in a mouse model of subcutaneous infection. The deletion of perR does not affect the expression of the genes in response to the metal ions. MtsR binds to the mts promoter region in the presence of Mn(2+) or Fe(2+). The results indicate that MtsR differentially regulates the expression of mtsABC and htsABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey S Hanks
- Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173610, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Nygaard TK, Liu M, McClure MJ, Lei B. Identification and characterization of the heme-binding proteins SeShp and SeHtsA of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. BMC Microbiol 2006; 6:82. [PMID: 17007644 PMCID: PMC1592302 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-6-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heme is a preferred iron source of bacterial pathogens. Streptococcus equi subspecies equi is a bacterial pathogen that causes strangles in horses. Whether S. equi has a heme acquisition transporter is unknown. Results An S. equi genome database was blasted with the heme binding proteins Shp and HtsA of Streptococcus pyogenes, and found that S. equi has the homologue of Shp (designated SeShp) and HtsA (designated SeHtsA). Tag-free recombinant SeShp and SeHtsA and 6xHis-tagged SeHtsA (SeHtsAHis) were prepared and characterized. Purified holoSeShp and holoSeHtsA bind Fe(II)-protoporphyrin IX (heme) and Fe(III)-protoporphyrin IX (hemin) in a 1:1 stoichiometry, respectively, and are designated hemoSeShp and hemiSeHtsA. HemiSeShp and hemiSeHtsAHis can be reconstituted from apoSeShp and apoSeHtsAHis and hemin. HemoSeShp is stable in air and can be oxidized to hemiSeShp by ferricyanide. HemiSeHtsA can be reduced into hemoSeHtsA, which autoxidizes readily. HemoSeShp rapidly transfers its heme to apoSeHtsAHis. In addition, hemoSeShp can also transfer its heme to apoHtsA, and hemoShp is able to donate heme to apoSeHtsAHis. Conclusion The primary structures, optical properties, oxidative stability, and in vitro heme transfer reaction of SeShp and SeHtsA are very similar to those of S. pyogenes Shp and HtsA. The data suggest that the putative cell surface protein SeShp and lipoprotein SeHtsA are part of the machinery to acquire heme in S. equi. The results also imply that the structure, function, and functional mechanism of the heme acquisition machinery are conserved in S. equi and S. pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler K Nygaard
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Benfang Lei
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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Liu M, Hanks TS, Zhang J, McClure MJ, Siemsen DW, Elser JL, Quinn MT, Lei B. Defects in ex vivo and in vivo growth and sensitivity to osmotic stress of group A Streptococcus caused by interruption of response regulator gene vicR. Microbiology (Reading) 2006; 152:967-978. [PMID: 16549661 PMCID: PMC2423276 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The regulator VicR of the two-component regulatory system VicRK is essential in several Gram-positive bacteria. However, the authors were able to generate an unconditional vicR insertional mutant of group A Streptococcus. This mutant grew well in rich media but not in non-immune human blood and serum, had attenuated virulence, and was unstable in mice. Complementation of the mutant with vicR expressed in trans restored its phenotype to wild-type. A vicK deletion mutant had a phenotype similar to that of the vicR mutant. Phagocytosis and killing of the vicR mutant were normal, suggesting that VicRK does not regulate processes involved in evasion of host defence. Microarray analysis showed that vicR inactivation down-regulated the transcription of 13 genes, including putative cell wall hydrolase gene pcsB and spy1058-1060, which encode a putative phosphotransferase system enzyme II for carbohydrate transport, and upregulated the expression of five genes, including spy0183 and spy0184, which encode an osmoprotectant transporter OpuA. Consistent with microarray analysis, the vicR mutant took up more of the osmoprotectants betaine and proline and was sensitive to osmotic stress, indicating that vicR inactivation induced osmotic stress and increased susceptibility to osmotic pressure. Additionally, a spy1060 deletion mutant also displayed attenuated virulence. These results suggest that VicRK regulates processes involved in cell wall metabolism, nutrient uptake, and osmotic protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Liu
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Tracey S Hanks
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Jinlian Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Daniel W Siemsen
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Julie L Elser
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Benfang Lei
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Sell SA, McClure MJ, Barnes CP, Knapp DC, Walpoth BH, Simpson DG, Bowlin GL. Electrospun polydioxanone–elastin blends: potential for bioresorbable vascular grafts. Biomed Mater 2006; 1:72-80. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/1/2/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hanks TS, Liu M, McClure MJ, Lei B. ABC transporter FtsABCD of Streptococcus pyogenes mediates uptake of ferric ferrichrome. BMC Microbiol 2005; 5:62. [PMID: 16225685 PMCID: PMC1276799 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-5-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Streptococcus pyogenes or Group A Streptococcus (GAS) genome encodes three ABC transporters, namely, FtsABCD, MtsABC, and HtsABC, which share homology with iron transporters. MtsABC and HtsABC are believed to take up ferric (Fe3+) and manganese ions and heme, respectively, while the specificity of FtsABCD is unknown. Results Recombinant FtsB, the lipoprotein component of FtsABCD, was found to bind Fe3+ ferrichrome in a 1:1 stoichiometry. To investigate whether FtsABCD transports Fe3+ ferrichrome, GAS isogenic strains defective in lipoprotein gene ftsB and permease gene ftsC were generated, and the effects of the mutations on uptake of Fe3+ ferrichrome were examined using radioactive 55Fe3+ ferrichrome. FtsB was produced in the wild-type strain but not in the ftsB mutant, confirming the ftsB inactivation. While wild-type GAS took up 3.6 × 104 Fe3+ ferrichrome molecules per bacterium per min at room temperature, the ftsB and ftsC mutants did not have a detectable rate of Fe3+ ferrichrome uptake. The inactivation of ftsB or ftsC also decreased 55Fe3+ ferrichrome uptake by >90% under growth conditions in the case of limited uptake time. Complementation of the ftsB mutant with a plasmid carrying the ftsB gene restored FtsB production and 55Fe3+ ferrichrome association at higher levels compared with the parent strain. The inactivation of mtsA and htsA and Fe-restricted conditions enhanced the production of FtsB and Fe3+ ferrichrome uptake. Conclusion The FtsB protein bound Fe3+ ferrichrome, and inactivation of ftsB or ftsC, but not htsA or mtsA, diminished Fe3+ ferrichrome uptake, indicating that FtsABCD, but not HtsABC and MtsABC, is the transporter that takes up Fe3+ ferrichrome in GAS. Fe acquisition systems are virulence factors in many bacterial pathogens and are attractive vaccine candidates. The elucidation of the FtsABCD specificity advances the understanding of Fe acquisition processes in GAS and may help evaluating the GAS Fe acquisition systems as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey S Hanks
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Benfang Lei
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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Khan A, Farnan T, Hall SJ, McClure MJ. Cervical osteophyte causing perforation of the nasopharynx. Ulster Med J 2004; 73:57-8. [PMID: 15244129 PMCID: PMC2475437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Khan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Craigavon Area Hospital, 68 Lurgan Road, Portadown, Craigavon BT63 5QQ
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes the sonographic features of sacral perineural cysts that initially presented as adnexal complex cystic masses on transvaginal sonography. CONCLUSION Perineural cysts may have a complex cystic appearance, including septation and internal debris, on transvaginal sonography. The extraovarian, extraperitoneal, and posterior location on real-time sonography are suggestive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J McClure
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook & Women's Health Science Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave., Ontario, M4N 3M5 Canada
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Abstract
Epiploic appendagitis and segmental omental infarction are more frequently encountered with the increased use of abdominal ultrasound and Computed tomography (CT) in the radiological assessment of the patient who presents clinically with acute abdominal pain. Recognition of specific imaging abnormalities enables the radiologist to make the correct diagnosis. This is important, as the appropriate management of both conditions is often conservative. Follow-up imaging features correlate with clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J McClure
- Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook and Women's Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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McClure MJ, Sarrazin J, Kapusta L, Murphy J, Arenson AM, Geerts W. Intravascular femoral vein lipoma: an unusual cause of lower limb venous obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001; 176:463-4. [PMID: 11159096 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.176.2.1760463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J McClure
- Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, MG-164, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
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Abstract
AIM We describe the detection of right sided cardiac abnormalities by Doppler ultrasonography of the lower limb veins. We also attempt to quantify the degree of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) by analysis of the femoral vein Doppler waveform (DW). MATERIALS AND METHODS The DWs of the lower limb veins were examined in 276 patients over a 17-month period. The detection of abnormal pulsatile DW was compared with echocardiography on these patients. The reports of chest radiographs (CXR) obtained on 104 of the 276 patients were reviewed. RESULTS Abnormal cardiac pulsatility of the DW was detected in nine patients (3.3%), with abnormally high retrograde velocity peak (RVP) recordings. These abnormal RVPs are compared to RVPs in a normal control group. The RVPs in the abnormal group revealed a statistically significant (Pearson's r = 0.9113) correlation with the degree of TR observed on echocardiography. All nine patients (100%) demonstrated cardiac enlargement on CXR compared to 16 of the 95 (16.8%) with a normal DW and available report of recently performed CXR. CONCLUSION Doppler ultrasonography of lower limb veins is a frequently performed examination in most Radiology departments. We describe a simple, effective and reproducible ultrasound technique enabling detection of an underlying cardiac abnormality that may provide an estimation of the degree of TR. These important signs should alert the examining radiologist to the presence of an underlying cardiac dysfunction that may require further appropriate cardiac evaluation.McClure, M. J. (2000). Clinical Radiology 55, 533-536.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J McClure
- Department of Radiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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McClure MJ, Ellis PK, Kelly IM, McGovern M. Esophageal pseudomass: extrinsic compression of the esophagus due to a narrow thoracic inlet. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000; 174:1003-4. [PMID: 10749238 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.174.4.1741003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J McClure
- Department of Radiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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McClure MJ, McKinstry CS, Stewart R, Madden M. Late presentation of branchial cyst. Ulster Med J 1998; 67:129-31. [PMID: 9885552 PMCID: PMC2449001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J McClure
- Neuroradiology Department, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast
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Affiliation(s)
- Niel A. Johnson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA 30905
| | - Michael J. McClure
- Department of Psychiatry, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA 30905
| | - Eugene Protzko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA 30905
| | - Daniel Fosmire
- Department of Neurology, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA 30905
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Johnson NA, McClure MJ, Protzko E, Fosmire D. Wildervanck's syndrome presenting as hemiparesthesia. Mil Med 1995; 160:208-11. [PMID: 7617233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A 41-year-old male presented with recent-onset left hemiparesthesia, described as a "tingling numbness" of the upper extremity, torso, and face. History revealed a lifelong horizontal diplopia, neck stiffness, and left-sided hearing loss for 5 months. Examination revealed an ocular exam consistent with Duane's retraction syndrome, clinical and radiographic evidence of congenital fusion of C2 and C3 demonstrative of the Klippel-Feil anomaly, and a sensorineural hearing loss confirmed by audiometry. The diagnosis of Wildervanck's syndrome was made based on this classic triad of findings. A thorough evaluation has not yielded an objective explanation for the episodic hemiparesthesia. We present a patient exhibiting the classic triad of Wildervanck's syndrome, whose presentation is unique because hemiparesthesia has not previously been reported in association with this rare syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Johnson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA 30905, USA
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McClure MJ. To err is human. West J Med 1994; 160:492. [PMID: 18750965 PMCID: PMC1022519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Slusher IL, McClure MJ. Infant stimulation during hospitalization. J Pediatr Nurs 1992; 7:276-9. [PMID: 1507063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation is essential to the development of infants and children. They are developing skills related to gross motor, fine motor-adaptive, language, and personal-social functioning. Hospitalization can disrupt the developmental process for infants, even those without pre-existing developmental delays, if intervention is not provided. Hospitalized infants are often subjected to an overabundance of meaningless stimulation or understimulation. Nursing needs to insure provision of meaningful stimulation to help alleviate the effects of hospitalization. Parents and/or significant others need to be included whenever possible. A suggested infant stimulation program for hospitalized infants is presented. Practicality for the pediatric clinician facilitates easy intervention.
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Gates DM, McClure MJ. Forestalling the progress of heart disease. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 1989; 14:174-8. [PMID: 2498596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Neuwelt EA, Johnson WG, Blank NK, Pagel MA, Maslen-McClure C, McClure MJ, Wu PM. Characterization of a new model of GM2-gangliosidosis (Sandhoff's disease) in Korat cats. J Clin Invest 1985; 76:482-90. [PMID: 4040927 PMCID: PMC423846 DOI: 10.1172/jci111997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have detected a disorder in Korat cats (initially imported from Thailand) that is analogous to human Sandhoff's disease. Pedigree analysis indicates that this disease in an autosomal recessive disorder in the American Korat. Postmortem studies on one affected cat showed hepatomegaly that was not reported in the only other known feline model of GM2-gangliosidosis type II. Histologic and ultra-structural evaluation revealed typical storage vacuoles. There was a marked deficiency in the activity of hexosaminidase (HEX) A and B in affected brain and liver as compared to controls. Electrophoresis of a liver extract revealed a deficiency of normal HEX A and B in the affected animals. The blocking primary enzyme immunoassay verified the presence of antigenically reactive HEX present in affected cat livers in quantities slightly elevated with respect to the normal HEX concentration in control cats. In leukocytes, obligate heterozygotes had intermediate levels of total HEX activity with a slight increase in the percent activity due to HEX A. Indeed, 4 of 11 phenotypically normal animals in addition to four obligate heterozygotes appear to be carriers using this assay. Affected brain and liver compared with control brain and liver contained a great excess of bound N-acetylneuraminic acid in the Folch upper-phase solids; thin-layer chromatography showed a marked increase in GM2-ganglioside. In summary, we have characterized the pedigree, pathology, and biochemistry of a new feline model of GM2-gangliosidosis which is similar to but different from the only other known feline model.
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McClure MJ, Ryburn AC. Care-by-parent unit. Am J Nurs 1969; 69:2148-52. [PMID: 5194729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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