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Liu X, Shi H, Shi Y, Wei H, Yuan X, Jiao Z, Wu T, Wang Z. Association between a body shape index and prostate cancer: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2001-2018. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1869-1877. [PMID: 38214779 PMCID: PMC11090932 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal obesity, especially visceral fat, may have negative effects on the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). A body shape index (ABSI) can more accurately measure visceral fat accumulation. This study aimed to investigate the association between ABSI and PCa in US adults. METHODS 11,013 participants were enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2018. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the independent relationship between ABSI and PCa. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, subgroup analysis, and interaction tests were performed. RESULTS ABSI was positively associated with the presence of PCa. When comparing the second, third, and fourth ABSI quartile to the lowest quartile, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for PCa risk were 1.34 (0.77, 2.31), 1.75 (1.03, 3.00), and 1.91 (1.12, 3.27), respectively (p for trend = 0.011). The restricted cubic spline regression analysis did not reveal a non-linear correlation between ABSI and PCa (p for non-linearity = 0.076). Subgroup analysis showed a significant interaction effect in subgroups of different BMI (p for interaction = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Elevated ABSI is significantly associated with an increased risk of PCa, particularly among individuals who are under/normal weighted or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honglei Shi
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfeng Shi
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanping Wei
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yuan
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Jiao
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingchun Wu
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Govindan S, Cheranda N, Riekhof F, Luo S, Schoen MW. Effect of BMI and hemoglobin A1c on survival of veterans with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide. Prostate 2024; 84:245-253. [PMID: 37909677 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide are two common therapies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) that have shown improved overall survival (OS). The drugs have different mechanisms of action with limited comparative trials to evaluate treatment in patients with comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. This is important since abiraterone requires the co-administration of prednisone. We assessed the relationship between body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), treatment, and survival in mCRPC. METHODS Veterans treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide within the Veterans Health Administration between September 10, 2014 and June 2, 2017 with BMI and HbA1c were identified. Additional variables included age, baseline prostate-specific antigen at first treatment for mCRPC, race, and the Charlson comorbidity index. Differences in survival were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to assess the association between initial treatment, BMI, and HbA1c while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS A total of 5231 patients were identified with a mean age of 75.2 years and 1241 (23.7%) were of black race. BMI was associated with OS with longest median survival of 29.8 months in BMI ≥ 30 (n = 1903), 23.9 months in BMI 25-30 (n = 1879), 15.9 months in BMI 18.5-25 (n = 1336), and 9.2 months in BMI < 18.5 (n = 113, p < 0.001). In a multivariable model compared to normal BMI, increased mortality was observed in BMI < 18.5 (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.583, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-1.94) and a decreased mortality in BMI 25-30 (aHR = 0.751, 95% CI: 0.69-0.81) and BMI > 30 (aHR = 0.644, 95% CI: 0.59-0.70). In 3761 patients with BMI > 25, there was longer OS in patients treated with enzalutamide (28.4 months, n = 1615) compared to abiraterone (25.8 months, n = 2146, p = 0.002). In 1470 patients with BMI < 25, there was no difference in OS between patients treated with enzalutamide (16.0 months, n = 597, p = 0.513) or abiraterone (16.1 months, n = 873). In 1333 veterans with HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, initial prescription of enzalutamide was associated with longer OS compared with abiraterone (24.4 vs. 20.5 months, p = 0.0005). In 2088 patients with HbA1c < 6.5%, there was no difference in OS in patients who were initially prescribed enzalutamide versus abiraterone (25.7 vs. 23.5 months, p = 0.334). CONCLUSIONS In veterans with mCRPC, increased BMI was associated with longer survival. Veterans with BMI > 25 had longer survival with enzalutamide compared to abiraterone. In patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, enzalutamide was associated with longer survival compared to abiraterone. These results may facilitate prognostication of survival and improve treatment selection based on patient comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Govindan
- Medicine Service, Saint Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nina Cheranda
- Medicine Service, Saint Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Forest Riekhof
- Medicine Service, Saint Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Suhong Luo
- Medicine Service, Saint Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Martin W Schoen
- Medicine Service, Saint Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Zhu Z, Wong SYS, Sung JJY, Lam TYT. Team-Based Approach to Reduce Malignancies in People with Diabetes and Obesity. Curr Diab Rep 2023; 23:253-263. [PMID: 37535293 PMCID: PMC10520129 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-023-01518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Numerous observations have indicated an increased risk of developing various types of cancers, as well as cancer-related mortality, among patients with diabetes and obesity. The purpose of this review is to outline multiple-cancer screening among these patients through a team-based approach and to present the findings of a pioneering integrated care program designed for patients with obesity with a specific emphasis on cancer prevention. RECENT FINDINGS A community-based multi-cancer prevention program, which provides all services in one location and utilizes team-based approaches, is reported to be feasible and has the potential to enhance the uptake rate of multiple cancers screening among patients with diabetes and obesity. The team-based approach is a commonly utilized method for managing patients with diabetes, obesity, and cancer, and has been shown to be efficacious. Nevertheless, research on team-based cancer screening programs for patients with diabetes and obesity remains limited. Providing a comprehensive screening for colorectal, prostate, and breast cancer, as well as metabolic syndrome, during a single clinic visit has been proven effective and well-received by participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Zhu
- Stanley Ho Big Data Analytic and Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Yeung Shan Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Jao Yiu Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Yuen Tung Lam
- Stanley Ho Big Data Analytic and Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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4
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Varaprasad GL, Gupta VK, Prasad K, Kim E, Tej MB, Mohanty P, Verma HK, Raju GSR, Bhaskar L, Huh YS. Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:80. [PMID: 37740236 PMCID: PMC10517568 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in males and the fifth leading reason of death. Age, ethnicity, family history, and genetic defects are major factors that determine the aggressiveness and lethality of PC. The African population is at the highest risk of developing high-grade PC. It can be challenging to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk patients due to the slow progression of PC. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a revolutionary discovery for the identification of PC. However, it has led to an increase in over diagnosis and over treatment of PC in the past few decades. Even if modifications are made to the standard PSA testing, the specificity has not been found to be significant. Our understanding of PC genetics and proteomics has improved due to advances in different fields. New serum, urine, and tissue biomarkers, such as PC antigen 3 (PCA3), have led to various new diagnostic tests, such as the prostate health index, 4K score, and PCA3. These tests significantly reduce the number of unnecessary and repeat biopsies performed. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and prostatectomy are standard treatment options. However, newer novel hormone therapy drugs with a better response have been identified. Androgen deprivation and hormonal therapy are evolving as new and better options for managing hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant PC. This review aimed to highlight and discuss epidemiology, various risk factors, and developments in PC diagnosis and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Lakshmi Varaprasad
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Prasad
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandava Bhuvan Tej
- Department of Health Care Informatics, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Avenue, Fair Fields, CT, 06825, USA
| | - Pratik Mohanty
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Lungs Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum, 85764, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Fontana F, Anselmi M, Limonta P. Adipocytes reprogram prostate cancer stem cell machinery. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:915-924. [PMID: 36940071 PMCID: PMC10409918 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that an obese condition correlates with a higher risk of prostate cancer (PCa). A crosstalk between adipose tissue and PCa has been observed but is still poorly characterized. Herein, we demonstrated that 3T3-L1 adipocyte conditioned media (CM) could endow PC3 and DU145 PCa cells with stemness properties, by stimulating their sphere formation ability and promoting CD133 and CD44 expression. Moreover, after exposure to adipocyte CM both PCa cell lines underwent partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with E-/N-cadherin switch and Snail upregulation. Specifically, these changes in PC3 and DU145 cell phenotype were accompanied by increased tumor clonogenic activity and survival, as well as by enhanced invasion, anoikis resistance and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production. Finally, adipocyte CM-treated PCa cells exhibited reduced responsiveness to both docetaxel and cabazitaxel, demonstrating greater chemoresistance. Overall, these data indicate that adipose tissue can effectively contribute to PCa aggressiveness by reprogramming the cancer stem cell (CSC) machinery. Adipocytes endow prostate cancer cells with stem-like properties and mesenchymal traits, increasing their tumorigenicity, invasion and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Martina Anselmi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Cariolou M, Markozannes G, Becerra-Tomás N, Vieira R, Balducci K, Aune D, Muller DC, Chan DSM, Tsilidis KK. Association between adiposity after diagnosis of prostate cancer and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ MEDICINE 2023; 2:e000339. [PMID: 37841967 PMCID: PMC10568122 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the associations between adiposity indices, assessed at or after a diagnosis of prostate cancer, and mortality. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed and Embase, from inception to 16 November 2022. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Cohort studies or randomised controlled trials of men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer that investigated the associations between adiposity (body mass index, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue) after diagnosis and mortality outcomes. A modified version of the risk of bias for nutrition observational studies tool was used to assess risk of bias. Results 79 studies were identified that investigated adiposity indices after a diagnosis of prostate cancer in relation to mortality. No randomised controlled trials were found. A non-linear dose-response meta-analysis indicated a J shaped association between body mass index and all cause mortality (33 910 men, 11 095 deaths, 17 studies). The highest rate of all cause mortality was found at the lowest and upper range of the distribution: 11-23% higher rate for a body mass index of 17-21 and 4-43% higher rate for a body mass index of 30-40. The association between body mass index and mortality specific to prostate cancer was flat until body mass index reached 26-27, and then increased linearly by 8-66% for a body mass index of 30-40 (33 137 men, 2947 deaths, 13 studies), but the 95% confidence intervals were wide. These associations did not differ in most predefined subgroups by study design, number of deaths, anthropometric assessment, follow-up time, geographical location, prostate cancer risk group, and adjustment variables. No associations were found in meta-analyses between 10 cm increases in waist circumference and all cause mortality or mortality specific to prostate cancer, but only three studies were available. The few studies with data on change in weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue reported conflicting results. Conclusions This review suggests that patients with prostate cancer might benefit from maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding obesity. Future studies should investigate adiposity across different stages of cancer survivorship and use various parameters for distribution of adipose tissue. Systematic review registration Open Science Framework https://osf.io/qp3c4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Cariolou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rita Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katia Balducci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David C Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Doris S M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
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Simati S, Kokkinos A, Dalamaga M, Argyrakopoulou G. Obesity Paradox: Fact or Fiction? Curr Obes Rep 2023:10.1007/s13679-023-00497-1. [PMID: 36808566 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is related to several comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and various types of cancers. While the detrimental effect of obesity in both mortality and morbidity has been well established, the concept of the obesity paradox in specific chronic diseases remains a topic of continuous interest. In the present review, we examine the controversial issues around the obesity paradox in certain conditions such as cardiovascular disease, several types of cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the factors that may confound the relation between obesity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS We refer to the obesity paradox when particular chronic diseases exhibit an interesting "paradoxical" protective association between the body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes. This association, however, may be driven by multiple factors among which the limitations of the BMI itself; the unintended weight loss precipitated by chronic illness; the various phenotypes of obesity, i.e., sarcopenic obesity or the athlete's obesity phenotype; and the cardiorespiratory fitness levels of the included patients. Recent evidence highlighted that previous cardioprotective medications, obesity duration, and smoking status seem to play a role in the obesity paradox. The obesity paradox has been described in a plethora of chronic diseases. It cannot be emphasized enough that the incomplete information received from a single BMI measurement may interfere with outcomes of studies arguing in favor of the obesity paradox. Thus, the development of carefully designed studies, unhampered by confounding factors, is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Simati
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
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Deng X, Li T, Mo L, Wang F, Ji J, He X, Mohamud BH, Pradhan S, Cheng J. Machine learning model for the prediction of prostate cancer in patients with low prostate-specific antigen levels: A multicenter retrospective analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:985940. [PMID: 36059701 PMCID: PMC9433549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.985940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to develop a predictive model to improve the accuracy of prostate cancer (PCa) detection in patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels ≤20 ng/mL at the initial puncture biopsy. Methods A total of 146 patients (46 with Pca, 31.5%) with PSA ≤20 ng/mL who had undergone transrectal ultrasound-guided 12+X prostate puncture biopsy with clear pathological results at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (November 2015 to December 2021) were retrospectively evaluated. The validation group was 116 patients drawn from Changhai Hospital(52 with Pca, 44.8%). Age, body mass index (BMI), serum PSA, PSA-derived indices, several peripheral blood biomarkers, and ultrasound findings were considered as predictive factors and were analyzed by logistic regression. Significant predictors (P < 0.05) were included in five machine learning algorithm models. The performance of the models was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to estimate the clinical utility of the models. Ten-fold cross-validation was applied in the training process. Results Prostate-specific antigen density, alanine transaminase-to-aspartate transaminase ratio, BMI, and urine red blood cell levels were identified as independent predictors for the differential diagnosis of PCa according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. The RandomForest model exhibited the best predictive performance and had the highest net benefit when compared with the other algorithms, with an area under the curve of 0.871. In addition, DCA had the highest net benefit across the whole range of cut-off points examined. Conclusion The RandomForest-based model generated showed good prediction ability for the risk of PCa. Thus, this model could help urologists in the treatment decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Linjian Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fubo Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Ji
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing He
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bashir Hussein Mohamud
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Swadhin Pradhan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Jiwen Cheng,
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9
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Gupta N, Patel HD, Taylor J, Borin JF, Jacobsohn K, Kenfield SA, Eggener SE, Price C, Davuluri M, Byrne N, Bivalacqua TJ, Loeb S. Systematic review of the impact of a plant-based diet on prostate cancer incidence and outcomes. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:444-452. [PMID: 35790788 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based diets are increasingly popular and have many well-established benefits for health and environmental sustainability. Our objective was to perform a systematic review of plant-based diets and prostate cancer. METHODS We performed a systematic database and citation search in February 2022. Studies were included if they reported primary data on plant-based dietary patterns (i.e., vegan, vegetarian, plant-based) and incidence among at-risk men for prostate cancer, or oncologic, general health/nutrition, or quality of life outcomes among patients with prostate cancer or caregivers. RESULTS A total of 32 publications were eligible for the qualitative synthesis, representing 5 interventional and 11 observational studies. Interventional studies primarily focused on lifestyle modification including plant-based diets for men on active surveillance for localized prostate cancer or with biochemical recurrence after treatment, showing improvements in short-term oncologic outcomes alongside improvements in general health and nutrition. Observational studies primarily focused on prostate cancer risk, showing either protective or null associations for plant-based dietary patterns. Studies of the vegan diet consistently showed favorable associations with risk and/or outcomes. Gaps in the current literature include impact for long-term disease-specific outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Interventional studies showed generally favorable results of lifestyle modifications incorporating a plant-based diet with prostate cancer outcomes as well as improvements in nutrition and general health. Observational studies demonstrated either a lower risk of prostate cancer or no significant difference. These results are encouraging in light of the many benefits of plant-based diets for overall health, as well as environmental sustainability and animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Gupta
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, USA. .,Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Hiten D Patel
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jacob Taylor
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, USA
| | - James F Borin
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Jacobsohn
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Stacey A Kenfield
- Departments of Urology and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Carrie Price
- Albert S. Cook Library, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Meena Davuluri
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nataliya Byrne
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, USA.,Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Stacy Loeb
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, USA.,Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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Larkin D, Birtle AJ, Bradley L, Dey P, Martin CR, Pilkington M, Romero-Rivas C. A systematic review of disease related stigmatization in patients living with prostate cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261557. [PMID: 35148315 PMCID: PMC8836305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer has been shown to be susceptible to significant stigmatisation, because to a large extent it is concealable, it has potentially embarrassing sexual symptoms and has significant impact on the psychosocial functioning. Methods This review included studies that focused on qualitative and/or quantitative data, where the study outcome was prostate cancer and included a measure of stigmatization. Electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, and the Joanna Briggs Institute) and one database for grey literature Opengrey.eu, were screened. We used thematic analysis, with narrative synthesis to analyse these data. We assessed risk of bias in the included studies using the RoBANS. Results In total, 18 studies met review inclusion criteria, incorporating a total of 2295 participants. All studies recruited participants with prostate cancer, however four studies recruited participants with other cancers such as breast cancer and lung cancer. Of the 18 studies, 11 studies evaluated perceived or felt stigma; four studies evaluated internalised or self-stigma; three studies evaluated more than one stigma domain. Discussion We found that patients living with prostate cancer encounter stigmatisation that relate to perception, internalisation, and discrimination experiences. We also identified several significant gaps related to the understanding of prostate cancer stigmatization, which provides an opportunity for future research to address these important public health issues. Registration This systematic review protocol is registered with PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews in health and social care. Registration number: CRD42020177312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Larkin
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Alison J. Birtle
- Department of Oncology, Rosemere Cancer Centre, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Bradley
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Dey
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R. Martin
- Institute for Clinical and Applied Health Research (ICAHR), University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Pilkington
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Argyrakopoulou G, Dalamaga M, Spyrou N, Kokkinos A. Gender Differences in Obesity-Related Cancers. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:100-115. [PMID: 33523397 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize the role of obesity in carcinogenesis, providing details on specific cancer sites. Special emphasis is given to gender differences in obesity-related cancers and on the effect of bariatric surgery on cancer risk. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence has highlighted the detrimental role of overweight/obesity in cancer, with almost 55% of cancers diagnosed in women and 24% diagnosed in men considered overweight- and obesity-related cancers. Sufficient data have shown that higher BMI is associated with risk of gynecologic malignancies (mainly breast and endometrial cancers) as well as cancers in sites such as the esophagus (adenocarcinoma), gastric cardia, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, thyroid gland, and multiple myeloma. The main mechanisms underlying this relationship include the insulin/IGF1 system, the effect of sex hormones, and adipocytokines. Marked differences may be seen in specific cancer sites when comparing men to women. There is a higher overall incidence of obesity-related cancers among females (endometrial, ovarian, and postmenopausal female breast cancers), whereas cancers that concern both sexes show a higher incidence in males, particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma (male to female ratio: 9: 1 in the USA). Additionally, bariatric surgery has provided evidence of lowering overall cancer risk in patients with morbid obesity. Interestingly, bariatric surgery may lower overall cancer risk in women within the first 5 years after surgery due to the reduced risk of breast and endometrial cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Obesity constitutes the base for marked metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory alterations, including increased cancer risk in both men and women. Implementation of early obesity prevention strategies could ameliorate the continuously increasing incidence of cancer attributed to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Argyrakopoulou
- Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Athens Medical Center, Distomou 5-7, Amaroussio, 15127, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
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Kucera R, Pecen L, Topolcan O, Dahal AR, Costigliola V, Giordano FA, Golubnitschaja O. Prostate cancer management: long-term beliefs, epidemic developments in the early twenty-first century and 3PM dimensional solutions. EPMA J 2020; 11:399-418. [PMID: 32843909 PMCID: PMC7429585 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the early twenty-first century, societies around the world are facing the paradoxal epidemic development of PCa as a non-communicable disease. PCa is the most frequently diagnosed cancer for men in several countries such as the USA. Permanently improving diagnostics and treatments in the PCa management causes an impressive divergence between, on one hand, permanently increasing numbers of diagnosed PCa cases and, on the other hand, stable or even slightly decreasing mortality rates. Still, aspects listed below are waiting for innovate solutions in the context of predictive approaches, targeted prevention and personalisation of medical care (PPPM / 3PM).A.PCa belongs to the cancer types with the highest incidence worldwide. Corresponding economic burden is enormous. Moreover, the costs of treating PCa are currently increasing more quickly than those of any other cancer. Implementing individualised patient profiles and adapted treatment algorithms would make currently too heterogeneous landscape of PCa treatment costs more transparent providing clear "road map" for the cost saving.B.PCa is a systemic multi-factorial disease. Consequently, predictive diagnostics by liquid biopsy analysis is instrumental for the disease prediction, targeted prevention and curative treatments at early stages.C.The incidence of metastasising PCa is rapidly increasing particularly in younger populations. Exemplified by trends observed in the USA, prognosis is that the annual burden will increase by over 40% in 2025. To this end, one of the evident deficits is the reactive character of medical services currently provided to populations. Innovative screening programmes might be useful to identify persons in suboptimal health conditions before the clinical onset of metastasising PCa. Strong predisposition to systemic hypoxic conditions and ischemic lesions (e.g. characteristic for individuals with Flammer syndrome phenotype) and low-grade inflammation might be indicative for specific phenotyping and genotyping in metastasising PCa screening and disease management. Predictive liquid biopsy tests for CTC enumeration and their molecular characterisation are considered to be useful for secondary prevention of metastatic disease in PCa patients.D.Particular rapidly increasing PCa incidence rates are characteristic for adolescents and young adults aged 15-40 years. Patients with early onset prostate cancer pose unique challenges; multi-factorial risks for these trends are proposed. Consequently, multi-level diagnostics including phenotyping and multi-omics are considered to be the most appropriate tool for the risk assessment, prediction and prognosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that early onset prostate cancer is a distinct phenotype from both aetiological and clinical perspectives deserving particular attention from view point of 3P medical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kucera
- Department of Immunochemistry Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Pecen
- Department of Immunochemistry Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Topolcan
- Department of Immunochemistry Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anshu Raj Dahal
- Center of Molecular Biotechnology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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13
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Choi JB, Myong JP, Lee Y, Kim I, Kim JH, Hong SH, Ha US. Does increased body mass index lead to elevated prostate cancer risk? It depends on waist circumference. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:589. [PMID: 32576177 PMCID: PMC7313154 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the association between obesity and prostate cancer based on both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) using the National Health Insurance System (NHIS) database for the entire male population of Korea. Methods A total of 1,917,430 men who underwent at least one health examination in 2009 without a previous diagnosis of any other cancer were tracked through December 2015. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) value for the association between prostate cancer and obesity were analyzed using multiple Cox regression model. Since there was a statistically significant interaction between WC and BMI, a multiple HR for prostate cancer was estimated with stratifying both WC and BMI to control the interaction between WC and BMI. Results Without considering WC as an adjustment factor, very weak association between BMI and prostate cancer development risk was observed. When WC was considered as an adjustment factor, no significant change in the HRs for prostate cancer development beyond the reference BMI was observed in the group with WC < 85 cm in the multivariable-adjusted models. However, in the group with WC ≥ 85 cm, the HRs for prostate cancer increased as the BMI increased beyond the reference BMI. In addition, there was a discrepancy in the trend of prostate cancer development according to BMI among the groups with different categories for WC. Conclusion In groups with abdominal obesity, a significant linear relationship was observed between increasing BMI and prostate cancer risk. Higher the WC category, the stronger was the association with BMI, signifying that the association of BMI with risk of prostate cancer development depends on abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bong Choi
- Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Myong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunhee Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Urology, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Cancer Center, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - U-Syn Ha
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
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14
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Kumar U, Singh S. Role of Somatostatin in the Regulation of Central and Peripheral Factors of Satiety and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072568. [PMID: 32272767 PMCID: PMC7177963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major social and health problems globally and often associated with various other pathological conditions. In addition to unregulated eating behaviour, circulating peptide-mediated hormonal secretion and signaling pathways play a critical role in food intake induced obesity. Amongst the many peptides involved in the regulation of food-seeking behaviour, somatostatin (SST) is the one which plays a determinant role in the complex process of appetite. SST is involved in the regulation of release and secretion of other peptides, neuronal integrity, and hormonal regulation. Based on past and recent studies, SST might serve as a bridge between central and peripheral tissues with a significant impact on obesity-associated with food intake behaviour and energy expenditure. Here, we present a comprehensive review describing the role of SST in the modulation of multiple central and peripheral signaling molecules. In addition, we highlight recent progress and contribution of SST and its receptors in food-seeking behaviour, obesity (orexigenic), and satiety (anorexigenic) associated pathways and mechanism.
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15
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Hao Q, Diaz T, Verduzco ADR, Magyar CE, Zhong J, Elshimali Y, Rettig MB, Henning SM, Vadgama JV, Wang P. Arctigenin inhibits prostate tumor growth in high-fat diet fed mice through dual actions on adipose tissue and tumor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1403. [PMID: 31996731 PMCID: PMC6989655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory effect of arctigenin, a novel anti-inflammatory lignan, on prostate cancer in obese conditions both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro obese models were established by co-culture of mouse adipocytes 3T3-L1 with androgen-sensitive LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, or by culturing LNCaP cells in adipocytes-conditioned medium. Arctigenin significantly inhibited LNCaP proliferation, along with decreased androgen receptor (AR) and increased Nkx3.1 cellular expression. Male severe combined immunodeficiency mice were subcutaneously implanted with human prostate cancer LAPC-4 xenograft tumors for in vivo study. Mice were fed high-fat (HF) diet and orally given arctigenin at 50 mg/kg body weight daily or vehicle control for 6 weeks. Tumor bearing HF control mice showed a significant increase in serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and decrease in subcutaneous/peritoneal fat depots compared to non-tumor bearing control mice. Arctigenin intervention significantly reduced tumor growth by 45%, associated with decreased circulating FFAs and adipokines/cytokines including IGF-1, VEGF, and MCP-1, along with decreased AR, Ki67, and microvessel density and increased Nkx3.1 expression in tumors. These results indicate the strong ability of arctigenin to co-target obesity and tumor itself in inhibition of prostate tumor growth at a lower concentration compared to most phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tanya Diaz
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Alejandro Del Rio Verduzco
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Clara E Magyar
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jin Zhong
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
- University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yahya Elshimali
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Matthew B Rettig
- Departments of Medicine and Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Piwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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16
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McLaughlin K, Hedden L, Pollock P, Higano C, Murphy RA. Assessing the nutritional needs of men with prostate cancer. Nutr J 2019; 18:81. [PMID: 31791348 PMCID: PMC6889583 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition is important for prostate cancer (PC) survivorship care to help achieve a healthy weight, reduce treatment side effects and reduce the risk of developing other chronic diseases. We aimed to advance the understanding of the nutritional needs of men with PC and services that could be potentially implemented to address them. METHODS We conducted a needs assessment of nutrition services for men with PC drawing on four perspectives; 1) patient evaluation of a nutrition education session in British Columbia (BC), 2) survey of BC health professionals, 3) an environmental scan of existing nutrition services across Canada and 4) a scoping literature review. RESULTS Patients expressed a need for more nutrition information and a desire for additional nutrition services. More than 60% of health professionals believed there is a need for more nutrition services for men with PC, and reported the focus should be on weight management or management of PC progression. The environmental scan revealed few existing services for men with PC across Canada, most were inclusive of multiple cancers and not tailored for men with PC. Eighteen completed studies were identified in the scoping literature review. The majority provided combined diet and exercise programs with various formats of delivery such as individual, group and home-based. Overall, 78% of studies reported improvements in one or more of the following measures: dietary intake/ diet quality, body composition, self-efficacy, quality of life, fatigue, practicing health behavior goals and physical function/ exercise. Four studies assessed feasibility, adherence or satisfaction with all reporting positive findings. CONCLUSION Despite the high prevalence of PC in Canada, and the perceived need for more support by patients and health professionals, there are limited nutrition services for men with PC. Evidence from the literature suggests nutrition services are effective and well-accepted by men with PC. Our findings define a need for standardized nutrition services for men with PC that assess and meet long term nutritional needs. Our findings also provide insight into the type and delivery of nutrition services that may help close the gap in care for men with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin McLaughlin
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hedden
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Celestia Higano
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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17
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Analysis of Transcriptome, Selected Intracellular Signaling Pathways, Proliferation and Apoptosis of LNCaP Cells Exposed to High Leptin Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215412. [PMID: 31671654 PMCID: PMC6861914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin, the first discovered adipokine, has been connected to various physiological and pathophysiological processes, including cancerogenesis. Increasing evidence confirms its influence on prostate cancer cells. However, studies on the effects of leptin on the proliferation and apoptosis of the androgen-sensitive LNCaP line of prostate cancer cells brought conflicting results. Therefore, we performed studies on the effects of high LEP concentration (1 × 10−6 M) on gene expression profile, change of selected signaling pathways, proliferation and apoptosis of LNCaP cells. RTCA (real-time cell analyzer) revealed inhibitory effect of LEP on cell proliferation, but lower LEP concentrations (10−8 and 10−10 M) did not affect cell division. Moreover, flow cytometry with a specific antibody for Cleaved PARP-1, an apoptosis marker, confirmed the activation of apoptosis in leptin-exposed LNCaP line of prostate cancer cells. Within 24 h LEP (10−6 M) increases expression of 297 genes and decreases expression of 119 genes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subjected to functional annotation and clusterization using the DAVID bioinformatics tools. Most ontological groups are associated with proliferation and apoptosis (seven groups), immune response (six) and extracellular matrix (two). These results were confirmed by the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The leptin’s effect on apoptosis stimulation was also confirmed using Pathview library. These results were also confirmed by qPCR method. The results of Western Blot analysis (exposure to LEP 10 min, 1, 2, 4 and 24 h) suggest (after 24 h) decrease of p38 MAPK, p44-42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Bcl-2 phosphorylated at threonine 56. Moreover, exposure of LNCaP cells to LEP significantly stimulates the secretion of matrix metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7). Obtained results suggest activation of apoptotic processes in LNCaP cells cultured at high LEP concentration. At the same time, this activation is accompanied by inhibition of proliferation of the tested cells.
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18
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Shivappa N, Niclis C, Coquet JB, Román MD, Hébert JR, Diaz MDP. Increased inflammatory potential of diet is associated with increased odds of prostate cancer in Argentinian men. Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29:803-813. [PMID: 30019102 PMCID: PMC6108929 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Various aspects of diet, including specific food items and nutrients, have been shown to modulate inflammation and have been implicated in the etiology of prostate cancer (PrCA). No study examining the role of diet-associated inflammation in PrCA has been conducted in Latin America. METHOD We examined the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and PrCA in a population-based case-control study in Córdoba, Argentina. A total of 153 incident cases of PrCA and 309 controls frequency matched on sex, age (± 5 years), and place of residence were recruited from 2008 to 2015. The DII was developed to determine the inflammatory potential of individuals' diets and was computed from a validated food frequency questionnaire using nutrient data from diet only. Multi-level logistic regression models were fit to evaluate the association between DII scores and PrCA, adjusting for age, body mass index, energy intake, and occupational exposure as first-level covariates and family history of prostate cancer as the second-level variable. Odds ratios were estimated in all subject and stratified by BMI (< 30 vs. ≥ 30 kg/m2). RESULTS Men in the most pro-inflammatory group (tertile 3) had 50% higher odds of having PrCA compared to men in the most anti-inflammatory group (tertile 1) (ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 1.50; 95% CI 1.24-1.80). The odds of prostate cancer were higher in obese men (n = 109, ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 1.81; 95% CI 1.45-2.27), while no association was found among non-obese men (n = 375, ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 0.93; 95% CI 0.25-3.51). CONCLUSIONS A pro-inflammatory diet, reflected by higher DII scores, was positively associated with PrCA occurrence. Based on these results and those from other studies, steps should be taken to promote a diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, in order to reduce risk of PrCA and other chronic diseases. Future studies should explore this association in a prospective setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA.
| | - Camila Niclis
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Haya de la Torre Esq. Enfermera Gordillo, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julia Becaria Coquet
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Haya de la Torre Esq. Enfermera Gordillo, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María D Román
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Haya de la Torre Esq. Enfermera Gordillo, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - María Del Pilar Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Haya de la Torre Esq. Enfermera Gordillo, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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Hosgood HD, Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Rohan TE, Strickler HD. The Relation of Obesity-Related Hormonal and Cytokine Levels With Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:103. [PMID: 29713614 PMCID: PMC5911620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the first detailed overview of the mechanisms that may underlie the relation of obesity with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and multiple myeloma (MM). Epidemiologic studies, including meta-analyses of prospective cohorts, have reported that the risks of NHL and MM are significantly increased in obese, relative to normal weight, women and men. Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines, hyperinsulinemia, and sex hormones could play a role in the association of obesity with B-cell NHL and MM carcinogenesis. There is, however, a paucity of data published from appropriate large prospective cohort studies, and studies concurrently measuring these correlated factors, to formally determine the likely biologic factors driving the relationship of obesity with NHL and MM. Additional strengths and weaknesses of the current literature, as well as study design issues that need to be considered in conducting these studies, such as the exclusion of type 2 diabetics or postmenopausal women using hormone therapy, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Howard D Strickler
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Allopurinol and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a Finnish population-based cohort. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 21:373-378. [PMID: 29273728 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-017-0031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome and obesity are linked with hyperuricemia, and it has also been proposed that oxidative stress associated with hyperuricemia may promote benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, it is currently unknown whether use of antihyperuricemic medication is associated with risk of developing BPH. We studied the association between BPH and use of antihyperuricemic allopurinol in a Finnish population-based cohort. METHODS The study cohort consisted of 74,754 men originally identified for the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (FinRSPC). Information on gout and BPH medication usage (5α-reductase inhibitors, 5ARIs) during 1996-2014 was obtained from the National medication reimbursement database. Information on BPH diagnoses from in- and outpatient hospital visits and BPH-related surgery was obtained from the National Health Care Registry. Men with a record of BPH at baseline was excluded. We used Cox regression to analyze risk of starting BPH medication, having a recorded diagnosis or undergoing BPH surgery by allopurinol use with adjustment for age and simultaneous use of statins, antidiabetic or antihypertensive drugs and aspirin or other NSAIDs. Medication use was analyzed as a time-dependent variable to minimize immortal time bias. RESULTS Men using allopurinol had a decreased risk for all three BPH endpoints: BPH medication (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.75-0.88), BPH diagnosis (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.71-0.86) and BPH-related surgery (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.58-0.76) after multivariable adjustment. The risk association did not change by cumulative use. The risk decrease disappeared after 1-2 years lag time. Only BMI modified the risk association; the risk decrease was observed only among men with BMI above the median (27.3 kg/m2); p for interaction <0.05 for each endpoint. CONCLUSIONS We found that allopurinol use is associated with lowered risk of BPH medication, diagnosis and surgery. A possible explanation could be antioxidative effects of urate-lowering allopurinol.
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Farris MS, Courneya KS, Kopciuk KA, McGregor SE, Friedenreich CM. Anthropometric measurements and survival after a prostate cancer diagnosis. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:607-610. [PMID: 29235565 PMCID: PMC5830594 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the role of anthropometrics in prostate cancer survival is inconsistent. We examined the associations between anthropometric measures and survival outcomes. METHODS Men diagnosed with prostate cancer (n=987) were recruited into a population-based case-control study between 1997 and 2000 then a prospective cohort study between 2000 and 2002 where anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio) were taken and participants were followed up to 19 years for survival outcomes. Cox proportional hazards were used to examine these associations. RESULTS Survival analyses suggested no clear pattern of associations between post-diagnosis anthropometric measurements and all-cause mortality, prostate-specific mortality, first recurrence/progression or new primary cancer. CONCLUSIONS We did not find a significant trend relating anthropometrics to survival outcomes after prostate cancer diagnosis. Continued assessment of objective measurements of body composition over the life-course is warranted to determine true associations between anthropometrics and survival after prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Farris
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen A Kopciuk
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Elizabeth McGregor
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Population, Public & Indigenous Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Crosstalk between the Androgen Receptor and PPAR Gamma Signaling Pathways in the Prostate. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:9456020. [PMID: 29181019 PMCID: PMC5664321 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9456020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that play critical roles in the regulation of normal biological processes and several disease states. Of the nuclear receptors expressed within the prostate, the androgen receptor (AR) promotes the differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells and stimulates production of enzymes needed for liquefaction of semen. Multiple forms of AR also promote the growth of both early and late stage prostate cancers. As a result, drugs that target the AR signaling pathway are routinely used to treat patients with advanced forms of prostate cancer. Data also suggest that a second member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), is a tumor suppressor that regulates growth of normal prostate and prostate cancers. Recent studies indicate there is a bidirectional interaction between AR and PPARγ, with each receptor influencing the expression and/or activity of the other within prostatic tissues. In this review, we examine how AR and PPARγ each regulate the growth and development of normal prostatic epithelial cells and prostate cancers. We also discuss interactions between the AR and PPARγ signaling pathways and how those interactions may influence prostate biology.
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