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Yan Y, Li M, Lin J, Ji Y, Wang K, Yan D, Shen Y, Wang W, Huang Z, Jiang H, Sun H, Qi L. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase contributes to skeletal muscle health through the control of mitochondrial function. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:947387. [PMID: 36339617 PMCID: PMC9632297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.947387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the body and the largest protein repository. Mitochondria are the main energy-producing organelles in cells and play an important role in skeletal muscle health and function. They participate in several biological processes related to skeletal muscle metabolism, growth, and regeneration. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic sensor and regulator of systemic energy balance. AMPK is involved in the control of energy metabolism by regulating many downstream targets. In this review, we propose that AMPK directly controls several facets of mitochondrial function, which in turn controls skeletal muscle metabolism and health. This review is divided into four parts. First, we summarize the properties of AMPK signal transduction and its upstream activators. Second, we discuss the role of mitochondria in myogenesis, muscle atrophy, regeneration post-injury of skeletal muscle cells. Third, we elaborate the effects of AMPK on mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission and mitochondrial autophagy, and discuss how AMPK regulates the metabolism of skeletal muscle by regulating mitochondrial function. Finally, we discuss the effects of AMPK activators on muscle disease status. This review thus represents a foundation for understanding this biological process of mitochondrial dynamics regulated by AMPK in the metabolism of skeletal muscle. A better understanding of the role of AMPK on mitochondrial dynamic is essential to improve mitochondrial function, and hence promote skeletal muscle health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dajun Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
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2
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Yang J, Guo Q, Feng X, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential Targets for Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841523. [PMID: 35646910 PMCID: PMC9140220 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are serious public health issues and are responsible for nearly one-third of global deaths. Mitochondrial dysfunction is accountable for the development of most CVDs. Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation and inevitably generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Mitochondria can protect against these damages via the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. In recent years, mitochondria-targeted therapy for CVDs has attracted increasing attention. Various studies have confirmed that clinical drugs (β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor-II blockers) against CVDs have mitochondrial protective functions. An increasing number of cardiac mitochondrial targets have shown their cardioprotective effects in experimental and clinical studies. Here, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and summarize the progression of mitochondrial targets against CVDs, which may provide ideas for experimental studies and clinical trials.
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Critical Role for AMPK in Metabolic Disease-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217994. [PMID: 33121167 PMCID: PMC7663488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in 9.1% of the global population and is a significant public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CKD is associated with highly prevalent physiological and metabolic disturbances such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and aging, which are also risk factors for CKD pathogenesis and progression. Podocytes and proximal tubular cells of the kidney strongly express AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK plays essential roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell survival, growth, and inflammation. Thus, metabolic disease-induced renal diseases like obesity-related and diabetic chronic kidney disease demonstrate dysregulated AMPK in the kidney. Activating AMPK ameliorates the pathological and phenotypical features of both diseases. As a metabolic sensor, AMPK regulates active tubular transport and helps renal cells to survive low energy states. AMPK also exerts a key role in mitochondrial homeostasis and is known to regulate autophagy in mammalian cells. While the nutrient-sensing role of AMPK is critical in determining the fate of renal cells, the role of AMPK in kidney autophagy and mitochondrial quality control leading to pathology in metabolic disease-related CKD is not very clear and needs further investigation. This review highlights the crucial role of AMPK in renal cell dysfunction associated with metabolic diseases and aims to expand therapeutic strategies by understanding the molecular and cellular processes underlying CKD.
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AMPK, Mitochondrial Function, and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144987. [PMID: 32679729 PMCID: PMC7404275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is in charge of numerous catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways to sustain appropriate intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels in response to energetic and/or cellular stress. In addition to its conventional roles as an intracellular energy switch or fuel gauge, emerging research has shown that AMPK is also a redox sensor and modulator, playing pivotal roles in maintaining cardiovascular processes and inhibiting disease progression. Pharmacological reagents, including statins, metformin, berberine, polyphenol, and resveratrol, all of which are widely used therapeutics for cardiovascular disorders, appear to deliver their protective/therapeutic effects partially via AMPK signaling modulation. The functions of AMPK during health and disease are far from clear. Accumulating studies have demonstrated crosstalk between AMPK and mitochondria, such as AMPK regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction causing abnormal AMPK activity. In this review, we begin with the description of AMPK structure and regulation, and then focus on the recent advances toward understanding how mitochondrial dysfunction controls AMPK and how AMPK, as a central mediator of the cellular response to energetic stress, maintains mitochondrial homeostasis. Finally, we systemically review how dysfunctional AMPK contributes to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases via the impact on mitochondrial function.
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5
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AMPfret: synthetic nanosensor for cellular energy states. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:103-111. [PMID: 32010945 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular energy is a cornerstone of metabolism and is crucial for human health and disease. Knowledge of the cellular energy states and the underlying regulatory mechanisms is therefore key to understanding cell physiology and to design therapeutic interventions. Cellular energy states are characterised by concentration ratios of adenylates, in particular ATP:ADP and ATP:AMP. We applied synthetic biology approaches to design, engineer and validate a genetically encoded nano-sensor for cellular energy state, AMPfret. It employs the naturally evolved energy sensing of eukaryotic cells provided by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our synthetic nano-sensor relies on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to detect changes in ATP:ADP and ATP:AMP ratios both in vitro and in cells in vivo. Construction and iterative optimisation relied on ACEMBL, a parallelised DNA assembly and construct screening technology we developed, facilitated by a method we termed tandem recombineering (TR). Our approach allowed rapid testing of numerous permutations of the AMPfret sensor to identify the most sensitive construct, which we characterised and validated both in the test tube and within cells.
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Mazurek M, Litak J, Kamieniak P, Kulesza B, Jonak K, Baj J, Grochowski C. Metformin as Potential Therapy for High-Grade Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010210. [PMID: 31952173 PMCID: PMC7016983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET), 1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, is a biguanide drug used as the first-line medication in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The recent years have brought many observations showing metformin in its new role. The drug, commonly used in the therapy of diabetes, may also find application in the therapy of a vast variety of tumors. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in colon, breast, prostate, pancreatic cancer, leukemia, melanoma, lung and endometrial carcinoma, as well as in gliomas. This is especially important in light of the poor options offered to patients in the case of high-grade gliomas, which include glioblastoma (GBM). A thorough understanding of the mechanism of action of metformin can make it possible to discover new drugs that could be used in neoplasm therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.); (B.K.)
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Bartłomiej Kulesza
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Jonak
- Department of Foregin Languages, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Olivier S, Leclerc J, Grenier A, Foretz M, Tamburini J, Viollet B. AMPK Activation Promotes Tight Junction Assembly in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5171. [PMID: 31635305 PMCID: PMC6829419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is principally known as a major regulator of cellular energy status, but it has been recently shown to play a key structural role in cell-cell junctions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of AMPK activation on the reassembly of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. We generated Caco-2 cells invalidated for AMPK α1/α2 (AMPK dKO) by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and evaluated the effect of the direct AMPK activator 991 on the reassembly of tight junctions following a calcium switch assay. We analyzed the integrity of the epithelial barrier by measuring the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), the paracellular permeability, and quantification of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) deposit at plasma membrane by immunofluorescence. Here, we demonstrated that AMPK deletion induced a delay in tight junction reassembly and relocalization at the plasma membrane during calcium switch, leading to impairments in the establishment of TEER and paracellular permeability. We also showed that 991-induced AMPK activation accelerated the reassembly and reorganization of tight junctions, improved the development of TEER and paracellular permeability after calcium switch. Thus, our results show that AMPK activation ensures a better recovery of epithelial barrier function following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Olivier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jocelyne Leclerc
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Adrien Grenier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jérôme Tamburini
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, F-75014 Paris, France.
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8
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Xiong ZS, Gong SF, Si W, Jiang T, Li QL, Wang TJ, Wang WJ, Wu RY, Jiang K. Effect of metformin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in A172 glioma cells and its mechanisms. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:887-894. [PMID: 31173255 PMCID: PMC6625203 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of metformin on the inhibition of proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of A172 human glioma cells in vitro and determine the underlying mechanism. The effects of metformin at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mmol/l) on the inhibition of A172 cell proliferation were detected using a 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Caspase‑3 activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The invasion and migration of cells were detected by Transwell assays. The levels of Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax), B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated‑(p)AMPK and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein expression were detected by western blot analysis, and changes in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined. Compared with the control group, metformin significantly increased the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis, and significantly reduced the invasion and migration of A172 cells in dose‑ and time‑dependent manners (P<0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, metformin significantly enhanced the activity of caspase‑3, increased the expression of AMPK/pAMPK/Bax proteins and reduced the expression of mTOR/Bcl‑2 proteins (P<0.05). Metformin increased the MDA content and reduced the activity of SOD in a dose‑dependent manner (P<0.05). Metformin may inhibit glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promote its apoptosis; the effects may be associated with the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Sheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longhua District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Song Feng Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wen Si
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longhua District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Taipeng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Long Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longhua District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Tie Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longhua District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Wen Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longhua District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yue Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longhua District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longhua District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
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9
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Choy SW, Fraser SA, Katerelos M, Galic S, Kemp BE, Mount PF, Power DA. Absence of the β1 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase reduces myofibroblast infiltration of the kidneys in early diabetes. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 100:114-122. [PMID: 31025787 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the heterotrimeric energy-sensing kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been reported to improve experimental diabetic kidney disease. We examined the effect of type 1 diabetes in wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking the β1 subunit of AMPK (AMPK β1-/- mice), which have reduced AMPK activity in kidneys and other organs. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (STZ) and the animals followed up for 4 weeks. Hyperglycaemia was more severe in diabetic AMPK β1-/- mice, despite the absence of any difference in serum levels of insulin, adiponectin and leptin. There was no change in AMPK activity in the kidneys of diabetic WT mice by AMPK activity assay, or phosphorylation of either the αT172 activation site on the α catalytic subunit of AMPK or the AMPK-specific phosphosite S79 on acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Phosphorylation of the inhibitory αS485 site on the α subunit of AMPK was significantly increased in the WT diabetic mice compared to non-diabetic controls. Despite increased plasma glucose levels in the diabetic AMPK β1-/- mice, there were fewer myofibroblasts in the kidneys compared to diabetic WT mice, as evidenced by reduced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein by Western blot, mRNA by qRT-PCR and fewer α-SMA-positive cells by immunohistochemical staining. Albuminuria was also reduced in the AMPK β1-/- mice. In contrast to previous studies, therefore, myofibroblasts were reduced in the kidneys of AMPK β1-/- diabetic mice compared to diabetic WT mice, despite increased circulating glucose, suggesting that AMPK can worsen renal fibrosis in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet-Wan Choy
- Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and St. Vincent's Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott A Fraser
- Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marina Katerelos
- Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Galic
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and St. Vincent's Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter F Mount
- Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and St. Vincent's Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Power
- Kidney Laboratory, Institute for Breathing and Sleep, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and St. Vincent's Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Li Y, Yang P, Zhao L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zeng S, Wei L, Varghese Z, Moorhead JF, Chen Y, Ruan XZ. CD36 plays a negative role in the regulation of lipophagy in hepatocytes through an AMPK-dependent pathway. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:844-855. [PMID: 30662007 PMCID: PMC6446711 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m090969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid translocase cluster of differentiation (CD36) is a multifunctional membrane protein that facilitates the uptake of long-chain fatty acids. Lipophagy is autophagic degradation of lipid droplets. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD36 is involved in the regulation of intracellular signal transduction that modulates fatty acid storage or usage. However, little is known about the relationship between CD36 and lipophagy. In this study, we found that increased CD36 expression was coupled with decreased autophagy in the livers of mice treated with a high-fat diet. Overexpressing CD36 in HepG2 and Huh7 cells inhibited autophagy, while knocking down CD36 expression induced autophagy due to the increased autophagosome formation in autophagic flux. Meanwhile, knockout of CD36 in mice increased autophagy, while the reconstruction of CD36 expression in CD36-knockout mice reduced autophagy. CD36 knockdown in HepG2 cells increased lipophagy and β-oxidation, which contributed to improving lipid accumulation. In addition, CD36 expression regulated autophagy through the AMPK pathway, with phosphorylation of ULK1/Beclin1 also involved in the process. These findings suggest that CD36 is a negative regulator of autophagy, and the induction of lipophagy by ameliorating CD36 expression can be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of fatty liver diseases through attenuating lipid overaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Zeng
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Zac Varghese
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - John F Moorhead
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; John Moorhead Research Laboratory Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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11
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García-Tardón N, Guigas B. Determination of Adenine Nucleotide Concentrations in Cells and Tissues by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1732:229-237. [PMID: 29480479 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7598-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central player in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and its activity is tightly controlled, among other mechanisms, by subtle changes in cellular adenine nucleotide levels. In this chapter, we describe a step-by-step protocol for rapid, highly sensitive, reproducible, and simultaneous determination of ATP, ADP, and AMP concentrations in cell or tissue samples by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí García-Tardón
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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12
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Vial G, Detaille D, Guigas B. Role of Mitochondria in the Mechanism(s) of Action of Metformin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:294. [PMID: 31133988 PMCID: PMC6514102 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a drug from the biguanide family that is used for decades as the first-line therapeutic choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite its worldwide democratization, owing to its clinical efficacy, high safety profile and cheap cost, the exact mechanism(s) of action of this anti-hyperglycemic molecule with pleiotropic properties still remains to be fully elucidated. The concept that metformin would exert some of its actions though modulation of the mitochondrial bioenergetics was initially forged in the 50s but undeniably revived at the beginning of the twenty-first century when it was shown to induce a weak but specific inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex 1. Furthermore, metformin has been reported to reduce generation of reactive oxygen species at the complex 1 and to prevent mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that it can protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death. Nevertheless, despite some recent progress and the demonstration of its key role in the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, the exact nature of the mitochondrial interaction between the drug and the complex 1 is still poorly characterized. Recent studies reported that metformin may also have anti-neoplastic properties by inhibiting cancer cell growth and proliferation, at least partly through its mitochondrial action. As such, many trials are currently conducted for exploring the repositioning of metformin as a potential drug for cancer therapy. In this mini-review, we discuss both historical and more recent findings on the central role played by the interaction between metformin and the mitochondria in its cellular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Vial
- Laboratoire Hypoxie-Physiopathologies Cardiovasculaires et Respiratoires HP2, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, INSERM U1042, La Tronche, France
- Laboratoire Hypoxie-Physiopathologies Cardiovasculaires et Respiratoires HP2, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Dominique Detaille
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Bruno Guigas
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13
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Yan Y, Zhou XE, Xu HE, Melcher K. Structure and Physiological Regulation of AMPK. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113534. [PMID: 30423971 PMCID: PMC6274893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric αβγ complex that functions as a central regulator of energy homeostasis. Energy stress manifests as a drop in the ratio of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to AMP/ADP, which activates AMPK’s kinase activity, allowing it to upregulate ATP-generating catabolic pathways and to reduce energy-consuming catabolic pathways and cellular programs. AMPK senses the cellular energy state by competitive binding of the three adenine nucleotides AMP, ADP, and ATP to three sites in its γ subunit, each, which in turn modulates the activity of AMPK’s kinase domain in its α subunit. Our current understanding of adenine nucleotide binding and the mechanisms by which differential adenine nucleotide occupancies activate or inhibit AMPK activity has been largely informed by crystal structures of AMPK in different activity states. Here we provide an overview of AMPK structures, and how these structures, in combination with biochemical, biophysical, and mutational analyses provide insights into the mechanisms of adenine nucleotide binding and AMPK activity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
- VARI/SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - X Edward Zhou
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| | - H Eric Xu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
- VARI/SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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14
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Madiraju AK, Qiu Y, Perry RJ, Rahimi Y, Zhang XM, Zhang D, Camporez JPG, Cline GW, Butrico GM, Kemp BE, Casals G, Steinberg GR, Vatner DF, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Metformin inhibits gluconeogenesis via a redox-dependent mechanism in vivo. Nat Med 2018; 24:1384-1394. [PMID: 30038219 PMCID: PMC6129196 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, the universal first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, exerts its therapeutic glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, the primary molecular mechanism of this biguanide remains unclear, though it has been suggested to act, at least partially, by mitochondrial complex I inhibition. Here we show that clinically relevant concentrations of plasma metformin achieved by acute intravenous, acute intraportal or chronic oral administration in awake normal and diabetic rats inhibit gluconeogenesis from lactate and glycerol but not from pyruvate and alanine, implicating an increased cytosolic redox state in mediating metformin's antihyperglycemic effect. All of these effects occurred independently of complex I inhibition, evidenced by unaltered hepatic energy charge and citrate synthase flux. Normalizing the cytosolic redox state by infusion of methylene blue or substrates that contribute to gluconeogenesis independently of the cytosolic redox state abrogated metformin-mediated inhibition of gluconeogenesis in vivo. Additionally, in mice expressing constitutively active acetyl-CoA carboxylase, metformin acutely decreased hepatic glucose production and increased the hepatic cytosolic redox state without altering hepatic triglyceride content or gluconeogenic enzyme expression. These studies demonstrate that metformin, at clinically relevant plasma concentrations, inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in a redox-dependent manner independently of reductions in citrate synthase flux, hepatic nucleotide concentrations, acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, or gluconeogenic enzyme protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila K Madiraju
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yasmeen Rahimi
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xian-Man Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gina M Butrico
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne & Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University Fitzroy, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregori Casals
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel F Vatner
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kitt F Petersen
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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15
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Kodiha M, Flamant E, Wang YM, Stochaj U. Defining the short-term effects of pharmacological 5'-AMP activated kinase modulators on mitochondrial polarization, morphology and heterogeneity. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5469. [PMID: 30186684 PMCID: PMC6119600 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Under aerobic growth conditions, mitochondria are the major producers of cellular ATP and crucial for the proper performance of organs and tissues. This applies especially to cells with high energy demand, such as the renal proximal tubule epithelium. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathology of human health conditions, including various kidney diseases. The improvement of mitochondrial function ameliorates some of these pathologies. This can potentially be achieved with pharmacological compounds. For example, long-term treatment with activators of 5'-AMP activated kinase (AMPK) enhances mitochondrial biogenesis. However, pharmacological damage control during acute cell injury requires that the short-term effects of these compounds and the impact on healthy cells are also understood. It was our objective to define the changes elicited by established modulators of AMPK activity in healthy renal proximal tubule cells. Methods Our work combines confocal microscopy with quantitative image analysis, 3D image reconstruction and Western blotting to provide novel insights into the biology of mitochondria. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of pharmacological AMPK modulators (compound C, AICAR, phenformin, resveratrol) on mitochondrial polarization, morphology and heterogeneity. Microscopic studies generated information at the single cell and subcellular levels. Our research focused on LLC-PK1 cells that are derived from the renal proximal tubule. Mitochondrial heterogeneity was also examined in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Results Pharmacological agents that affect AMPK activity in renal proximal tubule cells can alter mitochondrial organization and the electrochemical potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane. These changes were compound-specific. Short-term incubation with the AMPK inhibitor compound C caused mitochondrial hyperpolarization. This was accompanied by mitochondrial fragmentation. By contrast, AMPK activators AICAR, phenformin and resveratrol had little impact. We further show that the biological properties of mitochondria are determined by their subcellular location. Mitochondria at the cell periphery displayed higher MitoTracker/Tom70 values as compared to organelles located in the vicinity of the nucleus. This was not limited to renal proximal tubule cells, but also observed in MCF7 cells. Pharmacological AMPK modulators altered these location-dependent properties in a compound-specific fashion. While the region-dependent differences were enhanced with phenformin, they were ameliorated by resveratrol. Discussion We evaluated the rapid changes in mitochondrial characteristics that are induced by pharmacological AMPK modulators. Our research supports the concept that pharmacological agents that target AMPK can rearrange mitochondrial networks at the single cell level. Collectively, these insights are relevant to the development of proper strategies for the short-term adjustment of mitochondrial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kodiha
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Etienne Flamant
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yi Meng Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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16
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Sui GG, Xiao HB, Lu XY, Sun ZL. Naringin Activates AMPK Resulting in Altered Expression of SREBPs, PCSK9, and LDLR To Reduce Body Weight in Obese C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8983-8990. [PMID: 30092639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations have shown molecular cross-talk among activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and that it may be an innovative pharmacologic objective for treating obesity. We scrutinized the beneficial effect of naringin, a flavanone-7- O-glycoside, on obesity and the mechanisms in the present study. We arbitrarily divided 50 mice into five groups ( n = 10): 25 or 50 or 100 mg/kg/day naringin-treated obese mice (gavage for 8 weeks), untreated obese mice, and C57BL/6J control. After 8 weeks, body weight was 51.8 ± 4.4 in the untreated obese mice group, while the weights were 41.4 ± 4.1, 34.6 ± 2.2, and 28.0 ± 2.3 in 25, 50,100 mg/kg naringin groups, respectively. Moreover, naringin treatment significantly decreased plasma 8-isoprostane (an indicator of the oxidative stress) level, fat weight, liver weight, hepatic total cholesterol concentration, hepatic triglyceride concentration, plasma leptin level, plasma insulin content, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and plasma PCSK9 production concomitantly with down-regulated expression of SREBP-2, PCSK9, and SREBP-1, and up-regulated expression of p-AMPKα and LDLR. The present results suggest that naringin activates AMPK resulting in altered expression of SREBPs, PCSK9, and LDLR to reduce the body weight of obese C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Guang Sui
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , China
| | - Hong-Bo Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , China
| | - Xiang-Yang Lu
- Hunan Province University Key Laboratory for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotransformation , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Ultilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Changsha 410128 , China
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug , Changsha 410128 , China
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17
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Prolonged Growth Hormone/Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Nutrient Response Signaling Pathway as a Silent Killer of Stem Cells and a Culprit in Aging. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:443-453. [PMID: 28229284 PMCID: PMC5493720 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dream of slowing down the aging process has always inspired mankind. Since stem cells are responsible for tissue and organ rejuvenation, it is logical that we should search for encoded mechanisms affecting life span in these cells. However, in adult life the hierarchy within the stem cell compartment is still not very well defined, and evidence has accumulated that adult tissues contain rare stem cells that possess a broad trans-germ layer differentiation potential. These most-primitive stem cells-those endowed with pluripotent or multipotent differentiation ability and that give rise to other cells more restricted in differentiation, known as tissue-committed stem cells (TCSCs) - are of particular interest. In this review we present the concept supported by accumulating evidence that a population of so-called very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) residing in adult tissues positively impacts the overall survival of mammals, including humans. These unique cells are prevented in vertebrates from premature depletion by decreased sensitivity to growth hormone (GH), insulin (INS), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling, due to epigenetic changes in paternally imprinted genes that regulate their resistance to these factors. In this context, we can envision nutrient response GH/INS/IGF signaling pathway as a lethal factor for these most primitive stem cells and an important culprit in aging.
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18
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Bort A, Quesada S, Ramos-Torres Á, Gargantilla M, Priego EM, Raynal S, Lepifre F, Gasalla JM, Rodriguez-Henche N, Castro A, Díaz-Laviada I. Identification of a novel 2-oxindole fluorinated derivative as in vivo antitumor agent for prostate cancer acting via AMPK activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4370. [PMID: 29531259 PMCID: PMC5847527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The key metabolic sensor adenosine monophosphate-dependent kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for cancer prevention and treatment. Besides its role in energy homeostasis, AMPK blocks cell cycle, regulates autophagy and suppresses the anabolic processes required for rapid cell growth. AMPK is especially relevant in prostate cancer in which activation of lipogenic pathways correlate with tumor progression and aggressiveness. This study reports the discovery of a new series of 2-oxindole derivatives whose AMPK modulatory ability, as well as the antitumoral profile in prostate cancer cells, was evaluated. One of the assayed compounds, compound 8c, notably activated AMPK in cultured PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Likewise, compound 8c caused PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP cells viability inhibition. Selective knocking down of α1 or α2 isoforms as well as in vitro assays using human recombinant α1β1γ1 or α2β1γ1 AMPK isoforms revealed that compound 8c exhibit preference for AMPKα1. Consistent with efficacy at the cellular level, compound 8c was potent in suppressing the growth of PC-3 xenograft tumors. In conclusion, our results show that a new 2-oxindole fluorinated derivative exerts potent in vivo antitumor actions against prostate cancer cells, indicating a promising clinical therapeutic strategy for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Bort
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Quesada
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ágata Ramos-Torres
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gargantilla
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María Priego
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie Raynal
- Metabrain Research, 4 Ave. du Pdt. François Mitterrand, 91380, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Franck Lepifre
- Metabrain Research, 4 Ave. du Pdt. François Mitterrand, 91380, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Jose M Gasalla
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Principe de Asturias Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Rodriguez-Henche
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Castro
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Vial G, Guigas B. Assessing Mitochondrial Bioenergetics by Respirometry in Cells or Isolated Organelles. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1732:273-287. [PMID: 29480482 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7598-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is central for generating ATP and maintaining energy homeostasis in most eukaryotic cells. The ex vivo measurement of mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates in intact cells or isolated organelles is a valuable approach to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in various experimental conditions. In this chapter, we describe several step-by-step protocols for measuring mitochondrial respiration in intact cells, permeabilized cells (in situ mitochondria), and isolated organelles using both Clark-type polarographic oxygen electrode devices and the newly developed oxygen-sensing fluorophore-based Seahorse technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Vial
- INSERM U1042, Laboratoire Hypoxie-Physiopathologies cardiovasculaires et respiratoires HP2, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Domaine de la merci, La Tronche, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire Hypoxie-Physiopathologies cardiovasculaires et respiratoires HP2, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Domaine de la merci, La Tronche, France
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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