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Gantsova E, Serova O, Vishnyakova P, Deyev I, Elchaninov A, Fatkhudinov T. Mechanisms and physiological relevance of acid-base exchange in functional units of the kidney. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17316. [PMID: 38699185 PMCID: PMC11064853 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the importance of homeostasis with a particular emphasis on the acid-base (AB) balance, a crucial aspect of pH regulation in living systems. Two primary organ systems correct deviations from the standard pH balance: the respiratory system via gas exchange and the kidneys via proton/bicarbonate secretion and reabsorption. Focusing on kidney functions, we describe the complexity of renal architecture and its challenges for experimental research. We address specific roles of different nephron segments (the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule) in pH homeostasis, while explaining the physiological significance of ion exchange processes maintained by the kidneys, particularly the role of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) as an essential buffer system of the body. The review will be of interest to researchers in the fields of physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, which builds a strong foundation and critically evaluates existing studies. Our review helps identify the gaps of knowledge by thoroughly understanding the existing literature related to kidney acid-base homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gantsova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana Serova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Polina Vishnyakova
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Deyev
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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Kim YJ, Oh SH, Lim JH, Cho JH, Jung HY, Kim CD, Park SH, Kwon TH, Kim YL. Impact of Ring Finger Protein 20 and Its Downstream Regulation on Renal Tubular Injury in a Unilateral Nephrectomy Mouse Model Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:4959. [PMID: 38068817 PMCID: PMC10708490 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal lipid metabolism increases the relative risk of kidney disease in patients with a single kidney. Using transcriptome analysis, we investigated whether a high-fat diet leads to abnormalities in lipid metabolism and induces kidney cell-specific damage in unilateral nephrectomy mice. Mice with unilateral nephrectomy fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks exhibited progressive renal dysfunction in proximal tubules, including lipid accumulation, vacuolization, and cell damage. Ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) is a ligase of nuclear receptor corepressor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The transcriptome analysis revealed the involvement of RNF20-related transcriptome changes in PPAR signaling, lipid metabolism, and water transmembrane transporter under a high-fat diet and unilateral nephrectomy. In vitro treatment of proximal tubular cells with palmitic acid induced lipotoxicity by altering RNF20, PPARα, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) expression. PPARγ and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression decreased in collecting duct cells, regulating genetic changes in the water reabsorption process. In conclusion, a high-fat diet induces lipid accumulation under unilateral nephrectomy via altering RNF20-mediated regulation and causing functional damage to cells as a result of abnormal lipid metabolism, thereby leading to structural and functional kidney deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hyun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Intermanl Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Makretskaya NA, Nanzanova US, Hamaganova IR, Eremina ER, Tiulpakov AN. [Clinical and laboratory characteristics of arginine vasopressin resistance, caused by a new homozygous mutation p.R113C in AQP2]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2023; 69:75-79. [PMID: 37448274 DOI: 10.14341/probl13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI, arginine vasopressin resistance) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by insensitivity of the kidney to the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin. NDI is clinically characterized by polyuria with hyposthenuria and nocturia and polydipsia. In the majority of cases, about 90%, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the AVP V2 receptor gene (AVPR2). In the remaining cases, about 10%, the disease is autosomal recessive or dominant and, for these patients, mutations in the aquaporin 2 gene (AQP2) have been reported. To date, the nucleotide variants registered in AQP2 were sporadic, there is no data on the presence of «frequent» mutations and the prevalence of the disease both among the global population and among individual ethnic groups. In this paper, we describe 12 cases of arginine vasopressin resistance caused by a new homozygous mutation p.R113C in AQP2 presented among the indigenous population of the Republic of Buryatia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - E R Eremina
- Perinatal Center of Republica; Buryat State University; Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
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Trac N, Ashraf A, Giblin J, Prakash S, Mitragotri S, Chung EJ. Spotlight on Genetic Kidney Diseases: A Call for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Solutions. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6165-6177. [PMID: 36988207 PMCID: PMC10145694 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers have benefited diseases, including cancer, since the 1990s, and more recently, their promise to quickly and efficiently be mobilized to fight against global diseases such as in the COVID-19 pandemic have been proven. Despite these success stories, there are limited nanomedicine efforts for chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), which affect 844 million people worldwide and can be linked to a variety of genetic kidney diseases. In this Perspective, we provide a brief overview of the clinical status of genetic kidney diseases, background on kidney physiology and a summary of nanoparticle design that enable kidney access and targeting, and emerging technological strategies that can be applied for genetic kidney diseases, including rare and congenital kidney diseases. Finally, we conclude by discussing gaps in knowledge remaining in both genetic kidney diseases and kidney nanomedicine and collective efforts that are needed to bring together stakeholders from diverse expertise and industries to enable the development of the most relevant drug delivery strategies that can make an impact in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Trac
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Anisa Ashraf
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Joshua Giblin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Supriya Prakash
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Division
of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School
of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Norris
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Eli and Edythe
Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Division
of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery,
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Gao C, Zhang L, Chen E, Zhang W. Aqp2 + Progenitor Cells Maintain and Repair Distal Renal Segments. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1357-1376. [PMID: 35318267 PMCID: PMC9257824 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult progenitor cells presumably demonstrate clonogenicity, self-renewal, and multipotentiality, and can regenerate cells under various conditions. Definitive evidence demonstrating the existence of such progenitor cells in adult mammalian kidneys is lacking. METHOD We performed in vivo lineage tracing and thymidine analogue labeling using adult tamoxifen-inducible (Aqp2ECE/+ RFP/+, Aqp2ECE/+ Brainbow/+, and Aqp2ECE/+ Brainbow/Brainbow) and WT mice. The tamoxifen-inducible mice were analyzed between 1 and 300 days postinduction. Alternatively, WT and tamoxifen-induced mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction and thymidine analogue labeling and analyzed 2-14 days post-surgery. Multiple cell-specific markers were used for high-resolution immunofluorescence confocal microscopy to identify the cell types derived from Aqp2+ cells. RESULTS Like their embryonic counterparts, adult cells expressing Aqp2 and V-ATPase subunits B1 and B2 (Aqp2+ B1B2+) are the potential Aqp2+ progenitor cells (APs). Adult APs rarely divide to generate daughter cells, either maintaining the property of the AP (self-renewal) or differentiating into DCT2/CNT/CD cells (multipotentiality), forming single cell-derived, multiple-cell clones (clonogenicity) during tissue maintenance. APs selectively and continuously regenerate DCT2/CNT/CD cells in response to injury resulting from ureteral ligation. AP proliferation demonstrated direct correlation with Notch activation and was inversely correlated with development of kidney fibrosis. Derivation of both intercalated and DCT2 cells was found to be cell division-dependent and -independent, most likely through AP differentiation which requires cell division and through direct conversion of APs and/or regular principal cells without cell division, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that Aqp2+ B1B2+ cells behave as adult APs to maintain and repair DCT2/CNT1/CNT2/CD segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Enuo Chen
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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AQP2: Mutations Associated with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Regulation by Post-Translational Modifications and Protein-Protein Interactions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102172. [PMID: 32993088 PMCID: PMC7599609 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
, the molecular defects in the AVPR2 and AQP2 mutants, post-translational modifications (i.e., phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation) and various protein-protein interactions that regulate phosphorylation, ubiquitination, tetramerization, trafficking, stability, and degradation of AQP2.
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Gupta AK, Coburn JM, Davis-Knowlton J, Kimmerling E, Kaplan DL, Oxburgh L. Scaffolding kidney organoids on silk. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:812-822. [PMID: 30793851 DOI: 10.1002/term.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
End stage kidney disease affects hundreds of thousands of patients in the United States. The therapy of choice is kidney replacement, but availability of organs is limited, and alternative sources of tissue are needed. Generation of new kidney tissue in the laboratory has been made possible through pluripotent cell reprogramming and directed differentiation. In current procedures, aggregates of cells known as organoids are grown either submerged or at the air-liquid interface. These studies have demonstrated that kidney tissue can be generated from pluripotent stem cells, but they also identify limitations. The first is that perfusion of cell aggregates is limited, restricting the size to which they can be grown. The second is that aggregates lack the structural integrity required for convenient engraftment and suturing or adhesion to regions of kidney injury. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of silk to serve as a support for the growth and differentiation of kidney tissue from primary cells and from human induced pluripotent stem cells. We find that cells can differentiate to epithelia characteristic of the developing kidney on this material and that these structures are maintained following engraftment under the capsule of the adult kidney. Blood vessel investment can be promoted by the addition of vascular endothelial growth factor to the scaffold, but the proliferation of stromal cells within the graft presents a challenge, which will require some readjustment of cell growth and differentiation conditions. In summary, we find that silk can be used to support growth of stem cell derived kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar Gupta
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | | | - Jessica Davis-Knowlton
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica Kimmerling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
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Elmonem MA, Berlingerio SP, van den Heuvel LP, de Witte PA, Lowe M, Levtchenko EN. Genetic Renal Diseases: The Emerging Role of Zebrafish Models. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090130. [PMID: 30200518 PMCID: PMC6162634 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural and functional similarity of the larval zebrafish pronephros to the human nephron, together with the recent development of easier and more precise techniques to manipulate the zebrafish genome have motivated many researchers to model human renal diseases in the zebrafish. Over the last few years, great advances have been made, not only in the modeling techniques of genetic diseases in the zebrafish, but also in how to validate and exploit these models, crossing the bridge towards more informative explanations of disease pathophysiology and better designed therapeutic interventions in a cost-effective in vivo system. Here, we review the significant progress in these areas giving special attention to the renal phenotype evaluation techniques. We further discuss the future applications of such models, particularly their role in revealing new genetic diseases of the kidney and their potential use in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Elmonem
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 11628 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sante Princiero Berlingerio
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lambertus P van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter A de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Bio-Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Martin Lowe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Elena N Levtchenko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 817, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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