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Gajdošová Z, Caboň M, Kolaříková Z, Sudová R, Rydlová J, Turisová I, Turis P, Kučera J, Slovák M. Environmental heterogeneity structures root-associated fungal communities in Daphne arbuscula (Thymelaeaceae), a shrub adapted to extreme rocky habitats. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17441. [PMID: 38923648 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Rocky habitats, globally distributed ecosystems, harbour diverse biota, including numerous endemic and endangered species. Vascular plants thriving in these environments face challenging abiotic conditions, requiring diverse morphological and physiological adaptations. Their engagement with the surrounding microbiomes is, however, equally vital for their adaptation, fitness, and long-term survival. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of understanding surrounding this complex interplay within this fascinating biotic ecosystem. Using microscopic observations and metabarcoding analyses, we examined the fungal abundance and diversity in the root system of the rock-dwelling West Carpathian endemic shrub, Daphne arbuscula (Thymelaeaceae). We explored the diversification of root-associated fungal communities in relation to microclimatic variations across the studied sites. We revealed extensive colonization of the Daphne roots by diverse taxonomic fungal groups attributed to different ecological guilds, predominantly plant pathogens, dark septate endophytes (DSE), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Notably, differences in taxonomic composition and ecological guilds emerged between colder and warmer microenvironments. Apart from omnipresent AMF, warmer sites exhibited a prevalence of plant pathogens, while colder sites were characterized by a dominance of DSE. This mycobiome diversification, most likely triggered by the environment, suggests that D. arbuscula populations in warmer areas may be more vulnerable to fungal diseases, particularly in the context of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Gajdošová
- Plant Sciences and Biodiversity Centre, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Caboň
- Plant Sciences and Biodiversity Centre, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kolaříková
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Sudová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Rydlová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Turisová
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Peter Turis
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Jaromír Kučera
- Plant Sciences and Biodiversity Centre, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Slovák
- Plant Sciences and Biodiversity Centre, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
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2
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Geml J, Arnold AE, Semenova-Nelsen TA, Nouhra ER, Drechsler-Santos ER, Góes-Neto A, Morgado LN, Ódor P, Hegyi B, Grau O, Ibáñez A, Tedersoo L, Lutzoni F. Community dynamics of soil-borne fungal communities along elevation gradients in neotropical and paleotropical forests. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2044-2060. [PMID: 35080063 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Because of their steep gradients in abiotic and biotic factors, mountains offer an ideal setting to illuminate the mechanisms that underlie patterns of species distributions and community assembly. We compared the composition of taxonomically and functionally diverse fungal communities in soils along five elevational gradients in mountains of the Neo- and Paleotropics (northern Argentina, southern Brazil, Panama, Malaysian Borneo, and Papua New Guinea). Both richness and composition of soil fungal communities reflect environmental factors, particularly temperature and soil pH, with some shared patterns among neotropical and paleotropical regions. Community dynamics are characterized by replacement of species along elevation gradients, implying a relatively narrow elevation range for most fungi, which appears to be driven by contrasting environmental preferences among both functional and taxonomic groups. For functional groups dependent on symbioses with plants (especially ectomycorrhizal fungi), the distribution of host plants drives richness and community composition, resulting in important differences in elevational patterns between neotropical and paleotropical montane communities. The pronounced compositional and functional turnover along elevation gradients implies that tropical montane forest fungi will be sensitive to climate change, resulting in shifts in composition and functionality over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Geml
- ELKH-EKKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, H-3300, Eger, Hungary.,Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Tatiana A Semenova-Nelsen
- Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo R Nouhra
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luis N Morgado
- Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Péter Ódor
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hegyi
- Research and Development Centre, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, H-3300, Eger, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Earth Science and Department for Landscape Protection and Environmental Geography, University of Debrecen, H-4002, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Oriol Grau
- CREAF, Global Ecology Unit, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.,Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, Univ. Antilles, Univ. Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana.,Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alicia Ibáñez
- School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Mycology and Microbiology Center, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - François Lutzoni
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, U.S.A
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Elevation Matters More than Season in Shaping the Heterogeneity of Soil and Root Associated Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0195021. [PMID: 35019700 PMCID: PMC8754124 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01950-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi play important roles in forest ecosystems, and their richness and composition can change along with elevation and season changes. However, no study has estimated the relative importance of altitudinal and seasonal heterogeneity in predicting the distribution of EcM fungal communities by simultaneously considering different sample types (root versus soil). In this study, we collected root and soil samples along a > 1,500-m elevation gradient during wet and dry seasons from Baima Snow Mountain, located in “the Mountains of Southwest China,” one of the 34 biodiversity hot spots, and we analyzed them using next-generation sequencing. Regardless of the sample type, similar EcM fungal richness pattern with increasing elevation (decline in the forest zone, and an increase at the alpine meadow zone) and strong community turnovers among different elevational zones and between two seasons were detected, and changes of EcM fungal community similarity on 400-m altitude gradient were equivalent to the community turnover between dry and wet seasons. Elevation and edaphic factors were shown to have the largest effects on EcM fungal community. The heterogeneity of richness and community composition was stronger among different elevational zones than across different seasons, mainly because the elevation variations in the EcM fungal community were shaped by the combined effects of different environmental factors, while seasonal changes were mainly controlled by temperature and fast-changing soil nutrients. IMPORTANCE Altitude and season represent two important environmental gradients that shape the structure of biome, including the heterogeneity of EcM fungi. Previous studies have separately considered the influences of altitude and season on EcM fungal communities, but the relative importance of altitude and season is still unknown. The present study revealed that elevation influences the heterogeneity of EcM fungal community more than season; this may be because the variability of environmental factors is higher across different elevations than that across seasons.
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Park KH, Yoo S, Park MS, Kim CS, Lim YW. Different patterns of belowground fungal diversity along altitudinal gradients with respect to microhabitat and guild types. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:649-658. [PMID: 34162018 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are key components of belowground ecosystems with various ecological roles in forests. Although the changes in the richness and composition of belowground fungi across altitudinal gradients have been widely reported, only a few studies have focused on the microhabitat types along altitudinal gradients. Here, we analysed the effect of altitude on the ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in belowground microhabitats. We collected root and soil samples from 16 Pinus densiflora forests at various altitudes across Korea, and measured the soil properties as potential factors. Fungal communities were analysed by high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. We found that altitude negatively affected the species richness of root-inhabiting fungi but did not influence that of soil-inhabiting fungi. In addition, the composition of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi was less influenced by altitude than non-ECM fungi. Most of the soil properties did not show a significant relationship with altitude, but the effect of soil properties was different across microhabitat types and ecological roles of fungi. Our results reveal that microhabitat types and altitudinal gradients differently affect the richness and composition of fungal communities associated with P. densiflora, providing a better understanding of plant-associated fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyeong Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinnam Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Soo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Sun Kim
- Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, South Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Li T, Yang W, Wu S, Selosse MA, Gao J. Progress and Prospects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Orchids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646325. [PMID: 34025694 PMCID: PMC8138444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Orchids form mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi in natural habitats that affect their seed germination, protocorm growth, and adult nutrition. An increasing number of studies indicates how orchids gain mineral nutrients and sometime even organic compounds from interactions with orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). Thus, OMF exhibit a high diversity and play a key role in the life cycle of orchids. In recent years, the high-throughput molecular identification of fungi has broadly extended our understanding of OMF diversity, revealing it to be a dynamic outcome co-regulated by environmental filtering, dispersal restrictions, spatiotemporal scales, biogeographic history, as well as the distribution, selection, and phylogenetic spectrum width of host orchids. Most of the results show congruent emerging patterns. Although it is still difficult to extend them to all orchid species or geographical areas, to a certain extent they follow the "everything is everywhere, but the environment selects" rule. This review provides an extensive understanding of the diversity and ecological dynamics of orchid-fungal association. Moreover, it promotes the conservation of resources and the regeneration of rare or endangered orchids. We provide a comprehensive overview, systematically describing six fields of research on orchid-fungal diversity: the research methods of orchid-fungal interactions, the primer selection in high-throughput sequencing, the fungal diversity and specificity in orchids, the difference and adaptability of OMF in different habitats, the comparison of OMF in orchid roots and soil, and the spatiotemporal variation patterns of OMF. Further, we highlight certain shortcomings of current research methodologies and propose perspectives for future studies. This review emphasizes the need for more information on the four main ecological processes: dispersal, selection, ecological drift, and diversification, as well as their interactions, in the study of orchid-fungal interactions and OMF community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiqiang Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenke Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shimao Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jiangyun Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Arraiano-Castilho R, Bidartondo MI, Niskanen T, Clarkson JJ, Brunner I, Zimmermann S, Senn-Irlet B, Frey B, Peintner U, Mrak T, Suz LM. Habitat specialisation controls ectomycorrhizal fungi above the treeline in the European Alps. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2901-2916. [PMID: 33107606 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alpine habitats are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to environmental change, however, little information is known about the drivers of plant-fungal interactions in these ecosystems and their resilience to climate change. We investigated the influence of the main drivers of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal communities along elevation and environmental gradients in the alpine zone of the European Alps and measured their degree of specialisation using network analysis. We sampled ectomycorrhizas of Dryas octopetala, Bistorta vivipara and Salix herbacea, and soil fungal communities at 28 locations across five countries, from the treeline to the nival zone. We found that: (1) EM fungal community composition, but not richness, changes along elevation, (2) there is no strong evidence of host specialisation, however, EM fungal networks in the alpine zone and within these, EM fungi associated with snowbed communities, are more specialised than in other alpine habitats, (3) plant host population structure does not influence EM fungal communities, and (4) most variability in EM fungal communities is explained by fine-scale changes in edaphic properties, like soil pH and total nitrogen. The higher specialisation and narrower ecological niches of these plant-fungal interactions in snowbed habitats make these habitats particularly vulnerable to environmental change in alpine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Arraiano-Castilho
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin I Bidartondo
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tuula Niskanen
- Identification and Naming, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - James J Clarkson
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Zimmermann
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Senn-Irlet
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Beat Frey
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Peintner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Tanja Mrak
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Laura M Suz
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
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Atunnisa R, Ezawa T. Nestedness in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in a Volcanic Ecosystem: Selection of Disturbance-tolerant Fungi along an Elevation Gradient. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:327-333. [PMID: 31413228 PMCID: PMC6759341 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a significant role in the establishment and resilience of vegetation in harsh environments, such as volcanic slopes, in which soil is frequently disturbed by ash falling and erosion. We characterized AM fungal communities associated with a pioneer grass in a volcanic slope based on the disturbance tolerance of the fungi, addressing the hypothesis that soil disturbance is a major ecological filter for AM fungi in volcanic ecosystems and, thus, fungi that are more tolerant to soil disturbance are selected at higher elevations (i.e. nearer to the crater). Paired soil-core samples were collected from the rhizosphere of Miscanthus sinensis between the vegetation limit and forest limit on a volcanic slope and used in a trap culture with M. sinensis seedlings, in which one of the paired samples was sieved to destroy hyphal networks (disturbance treatment), while the other was not (intact treatment). Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for two months, and the roots were subjected to molecular analysis of fungal communities. AM fungal diversity decreased with increasing elevations, in which nested structure was observed. Community dissimilarity between the disturbed and intact communities decreased with increasing elevations, suggesting that communities at higher elevations were more robust against soil disturbance. These results suggest that AM fungi that are more tolerant to soil disturbance are more widely distributed across the ecosystem, that is, they are generalists. The wide distribution of disturbance-tolerant fungi may have significant implications for the rapid resilience of vegetation after disturbance in the ecosystem.
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Truong C, Gabbarini LA, Corrales A, Mujic AB, Escobar JM, Moretto A, Smith ME. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil enzymes exhibit contrasting patterns along elevation gradients in southern Patagonia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1936-1950. [PMID: 30689219 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological and functional diversity of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations remain largely unknown in South America. In Patagonia, the ECM tree Nothofagus pumilio forms monospecific forests along mountain slopes without confounding effects of vegetation on plant-fungi interactions. To determine how fungal diversity and function are linked to elevation, we characterized fungal communities, edaphic variables, and eight extracellular enzyme activities along six elevation transects in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina and Chile). We also tested whether pairing ITS1 rDNA Illumina sequences generated taxonomic biases related to sequence length. Fungal community shifts across elevations were mediated primarily by soil pH with the most species-rich fungal families occurring mostly within a narrow pH range. By contrast, enzyme activities were minimally influenced by elevation but correlated with soil factors, especially total soil carbon. The activity of leucine aminopeptidase was positively correlated with ECM fungal richness and abundance, and acid phosphatase was correlated with nonECM fungal abundance. Several fungal lineages were undetected when using exclusively paired or unpaired forward ITS1 sequences, and these taxonomic biases need reconsideration for future studies. Our results suggest that soil fungi in N. pumilio forests are functionally similar across elevations and that these diverse communities help to maintain nutrient mobilization across the elevation gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Truong
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Luciano A Gabbarini
- Programa Interacciones Biológicas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, B1876BX, Argentina
| | - Adriana Corrales
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, 111221, Colombia
| | - Alija B Mujic
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University at Fresno, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA
| | - Julio M Escobar
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Ushuaia, V9410BFD, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Alicia Moretto
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Ushuaia, V9410BFD, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, V9410BFD, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Urcelay C, Longo S, Geml J, Tecco PA. Can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from non-invaded montane ecosystems facilitate the growth of alien trees? MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:39-49. [PMID: 30443805 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that recruitment and expansion of alien species along elevation gradients are constrained by climate. But, if plants are not fully constrained by climate, their expansion could be facilitated or hindered by other factors such as biotic interactions. Here, we assessed the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soils along an elevation gradient (i.e. 900 m, 1600 m, 2200 m and 2700 m a.s.l.) through a fungal DNA meta-barcoding approach. In addition, we studied in the greenhouse the effects of AMF on growth and phosphorous (P) nutrition of seedlings of the alien trees Gleditsia triacanthos, Ligustrum lucidum and Pyracantha angustifolia cultivated in soils from those elevations, spanning the elevation at which they already form monospecific stands (below 1450 m a.s.l.) and higher elevations, above their current range of distribution in montane ecosystems of Central Argentina. For comparison, we also included in the experiment the dominant native tree Lithraea molleoides that historically occurs below 1300 m a.s.l. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition showed strong community turnover with increasing elevation. The effects of these AMF communities on plant growth and nutrition differed among native and alien trees. While P nutrition in alien species' seedlings was generally enhanced by AMF along the whole gradient, the native species benefited only from AMF that occur in soils from the elevation corresponding to its current altitudinal range of distribution. These results suggest that AMF might foster upper range expansion of these invasive trees over non-invaded higher elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Urcelay
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, X5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Silvana Longo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, X5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - József Geml
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paula A Tecco
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, X5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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10
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Nottingham AT, Fierer N, Turner BL, Whitaker J, Ostle NJ, McNamara NP, Bardgett RD, Leff JW, Salinas N, Silman MR, Kruuk LEB, Meir P. Microbes follow Humboldt: temperature drives plant and soil microbial diversity patterns from the Amazon to the Andes. Ecology 2018; 99:2455-2466. [PMID: 30076592 PMCID: PMC6850070 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
More than 200 years ago, Alexander von Humboldt reported that tropical plant species richness decreased with increasing elevation and decreasing temperature. Surprisingly, coordinated patterns in plant, bacterial, and fungal diversity on tropical mountains have not yet been observed, despite the central role of soil microorganisms in terrestrial biogeochemistry and ecology. We studied an Andean transect traversing 3.5 km in elevation to test whether the species diversity and composition of tropical forest plants, soil bacteria, and fungi follow similar biogeographical patterns with shared environmental drivers. We found coordinated changes with elevation in all three groups: species richness declined as elevation increased, and the compositional dissimilarity among communities increased with increased separation in elevation, although changes in plant diversity were larger than in bacteria and fungi. Temperature was the dominant driver of these diversity gradients, with weak influences of edaphic properties, including soil pH. The gradients in microbial diversity were strongly correlated with the activities of enzymes involved in organic matter cycling, and were accompanied by a transition in microbial traits towards slower-growing, oligotrophic taxa at higher elevations. We provide the first evidence of coordinated temperature-driven patterns in the diversity and distribution of three major biotic groups in tropical ecosystems: soil bacteria, fungi, and plants. These findings suggest that interrelated and fundamental patterns of plant and microbial communities with shared environmental drivers occur across landscape scales. These patterns are revealed where soil pH is relatively constant, and have implications for tropical forest communities under future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Nottingham
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghCrew Building, Kings BuildingsEdinburghEH9 3FFUnited Kingdom
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute0843‐03092BalboaAnconPanama
| | - Noah Fierer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | | | - Jeanette Whitaker
- Centre for Ecology & HydrologyLancaster Environment CentreLancasterLA1 4APUnited Kingdom
| | - Nick J. Ostle
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLibrary AvenueLancasterLA1 4YQUnited Kingdom
| | - Niall P. McNamara
- Centre for Ecology & HydrologyLancaster Environment CentreLancasterLA1 4APUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterMichael Smith Building, Oxford RoadManchesterM13 9PTUnited Kingdom
| | - Jonathan W. Leff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Norma Salinas
- Seccion QuímicaPontificia Universidad Católica del PeruAv. Universitaria 1801, San MiguelLima32Peru
| | - Miles R. Silman
- Department of BiologyWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNC27109USA
| | - Loeske E. B. Kruuk
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory2601Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghCrew Building, Kings BuildingsEdinburghEH9 3FFUnited Kingdom
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory2601Australia
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Saitta A, Anslan S, Bahram M, Brocca L, Tedersoo L. Tree species identity and diversity drive fungal richness and community composition along an elevational gradient in a Mediterranean ecosystem. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:39-47. [PMID: 29110091 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ecological and taxonomic knowledge is important for conservation and utilization of biodiversity. Biodiversity and ecology of fungi in Mediterranean ecosystems is poorly understood. Here, we examined the diversity and spatial distribution of fungi along an elevational gradient in a Mediterranean ecosystem, using DNA metabarcoding. This study provides novel information about diversity of all ecological and taxonomic groups of fungi along an elevational gradient in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Our analyses revealed that among all biotic and abiotic variables tested, host species identity is the main driver of the fungal richness and fungal community composition. Fungal richness was strongly associated with tree richness and peaked in Quercus-dominated habitats and Cistus-dominated habitats. The highest taxonomic richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi was observed under Quercus ilex, whereas the highest taxonomic richness of saprotrophs was found under Pinus. Our results suggest that the effect of plant diversity on fungal richness and community composition may override that of abiotic variables across environmental gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Saitta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Sten Anslan
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luca Brocca
- Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- National History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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