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Tossetta G, Fantone S, Giannubilo SR, Marinelli Busilacchi E, Ciavattini A, Castellucci M, Di Simone N, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Marzioni D. Pre-eclampsia onset and SPARC: A possible involvement in placenta development. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6091-6098. [PMID: 30426491 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder commonly diagnosed in the latter half of pregnancy and it is a leading cause of intrauterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR). The aim of this study was to investigate the localization and the role of SPARC, secreted protein acidic, and rich in cysteine, in PE and PE-IUGR placentas in comparison with normal placentas. SPARC was mainly expressed in the villous and extravillous cytotrophoblastic cells in first trimester, whereas in PE, PE-IUGR and at term placentas, SPARC immunostaining was visible in both cytotrophoblastic cells and syncytiotrophoblast. SPARC expression significantly decreased in normal placenta from first to third trimester and a further significant reduction was demonstrated in PE and PE-IUGR. The latter downregulation of SPARC depends on hypoxic condition as shown by in vitro models. In conclusion, SPARC can play a pivotal role in PE and PE-IUGR onset and it should be considered as a key molecule for future investigations in such pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano R Giannubilo
- Department of Clinical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Department of Clinical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Castellucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Woman and Child Health, A. Gemelli Hospital, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Mattioli-Belmonte
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Università Politenica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Chavez-Muñoz C, Hartwell R, Jalili RB, Jafarnejad SM, Lai A, Nabai L, Ghaffari A, Hojabrpour P, Kanaan N, Duronio V, Guns E, Cherkasov A, Ghahary A. SPARC/SFN interaction, suppresses type I collagen in dermal fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2622-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kos K, Wong S, Tan B, Gummesson A, Jernas M, Franck N, Kerrigan D, Nystrom FH, Carlsson LM, Randeva HS, Pinkney JH, Wilding JP. Regulation of the fibrosis and angiogenesis promoter SPARC/osteonectin in human adipose tissue by weight change, leptin, insulin, and glucose. Diabetes 2009; 58:1780-8. [PMID: 19509023 PMCID: PMC2712789 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matricellular Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC), originally discovered in bone as osteonectin, is a mediator of collagen deposition and promotes fibrosis. Adipose tissue collagen has recently been found to be linked with metabolic dysregulation. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that SPARC in human adipose tissue is influenced by glucose metabolism and adipokines. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from morbidly obese nondiabetic subjects undergoing bariatric surgery and lean control subjects for analysis of metabolic markers, SPARC, and various cytokines (RT-PCR). Additionally, 24 obese subjects underwent a very-low-calorie diet of 1,883 kJ (450 kcal)/day for 16 weeks and serial subcutaneous-abdominal-adipose tissue (SCAT) biopsies (weight loss: 28 +/- 3.7 kg). Another six lean subjects underwent fast-food-based hyperalimentation for 4 weeks (weight gain: 7.2 +/- 1.6 kg). Finally, visceral adipose tissue explants were cultured with recombinant leptin, insulin, and glucose, and SPARC mRNA and protein expression determined by Western blot analyses. RESULTS SPARC expression in human adipose tissue correlated with fat mass and was higher in SCAT. Weight loss induced by very-low-calorie diet lowered SPARC expression by 33% and increased by 30% in adipose tissue of subjects gaining weight after a fast-food diet. SPARC expression was correlated with leptin independent of fat mass and correlated with homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. In vitro experiments showed that leptin and insulin potently increased SPARC production dose dependently in visceral adipose tissue explants, while glucose decreased SPARC protein. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that SPARC expression is predominant in subcutaneous fat and its expression and secretion in adipose tissue are influenced by fat mass, leptin, insulin, and glucose. The profibrotic effects of SPARC may contribute to metabolic dysregulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Kos
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Steve Wong
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Bee Tan
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, U.K
| | - Anders Gummesson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Jernas
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niclas Franck
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David Kerrigan
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Fredrik H. Nystrom
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena M.S. Carlsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, U.K
| | | | - John P.H. Wilding
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, U.K
- Corresponding author: John P.H. Wilding,
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Emerson RO, Sage EH, Ghosh JG, Clark JI. Chaperone-like activity revealed in the matricellular protein SPARC. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:701-5. [PMID: 16598771 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is a matricellular glycoprotein that modulates cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. In this report chaperone-like activity of SPARC was identified in a thermal aggregation assay in vitro. Ultraviolet circular dichroism (UVCD) spectroscopy determined that SPARC was stable at temperatures up to 50 degrees C. Unfolding and aggregation of the chaperone target protein, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), were initiated at 50 degrees C. SPARC inhibited the thermal aggregation of ADH in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximal inhibition at a 1:4 molar ratio of SPARC:ADH. Synergy between the chaperone-like activities of SPARC and alphaB-crystallin, a small heat shock protein and molecular chaperone in the lens, was observed in SPARC-alphaB-crystallin double -/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan O Emerson
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA
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Guweidhi A, Kleeff J, Adwan H, Giese NA, Wente MN, Giese T, Büchler MW, Berger MR, Friess H. Osteonectin influences growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Ann Surg 2005; 242:224-34. [PMID: 16041213 PMCID: PMC1357728 DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000171866.45848.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the expression and functional role of osteonectin in primary and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). BACKGROUND The glycoprotein osteonectin plays a vital role in cell-matrix interactions and is involved in various biologic processes. Overexpression of osteonectin is present in malignant tumors and correlates with disease progression and poor prognosis. METHODS Expression of osteonectin was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in pancreatic tissues and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serum of patients and donors. Recombinant osteonectin and specific antisense oligonucleotides were used to examine the effects of osteonectin on induction of target genes, and on proliferation and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. RESULTS There was a 31-fold increase in osteonectin mRNA levels in PDAC and a 16-fold increase in chronic pancreatitis as compared with the normal pancreas (P < 0.01). By immunohistochemistry, faint immunoreactivity was detected in the normal pancreas. In contrast, strong staining of the cancer cells was observed in addition to extensive osteonectin immunoreactivity in surrounding fibroblasts and in the extracellular matrix. In metastatic tissues, strong immunoreactivity was observed in fibroblasts and in extracellular matrix surrounding metastatic cancer cells, whereas the signal was absent in most tumor cells. In vitro studies showed that osteonectin was able to inhibit cancer cell growth while promoting invasiveness of pancreatic tumor cells. CONCLUSION Osteonectin is markedly overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and has the potential to increase the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Guweidhi
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Briggs J, Chamboredon S, Castellazzi M, Kerry JA, Bos TJ. Transcriptional upregulation of SPARC, in response to c-Jun overexpression, contributes to increased motility and invasion of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2002; 21:7077-91. [PMID: 12370830 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2002] [Revised: 06/26/2002] [Accepted: 07/08/2002] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the c-Jun proto-oncogene in MCF7 breast cancer cells results in a variety of phenotype changes related to malignant progression including increased motility and invasion. Concurrent with these phenotypic effects are changes in the expression of multiple gene targets. We previously demonstrated that expression of the SPARC/osteonectin gene, while undetectable in the MCF7 cell line, is highly induced in response to stable c-Jun overexpression (c-Jun/MCF7). Because the SPARC gene product is associated with tumor cell invasion in a variety of different cancers, we have examined its role in mediating the phenotypic changes induced by c-Jun in MCF7 cells. We found that antisense mediated suppression of SPARC dramatically inhibits both motility and invasion in this c-Jun/MCF7 model. In contrast, stable overexpression of SPARC in the parental MCF7 cell line is not sufficient to stimulate cell motility or invasion. Examination of the promoter region of the human SPARC gene reveals three non-canonical AP-1 sites. We demonstrate that one of these sites binds c-Jun/Fra1 heterodimers in vitro, but that this and the other AP-1 like sites are dispensable with respect to c-Jun stimulated SPARC promoter activation. Deletion analysis identified a region between -120 and -70 as a c-Jun responsive element sufficient to induce maximal promoter activation. This region does not contain any AP-1 sites but does mediate binding by SP1 'like' complexes. Furthermore, this region is necessary for SP1/SP3 responsiveness in Drosophila SL2 cells. These results demonstrate that SPARC plays an important role in stimulating motility and the invasive behavior of c-Jun/MCF7 cells and that SPARC promoter activation by c-Jun appears to occur through an indirect mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Briggs
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA
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Vial E, Perez S, Castellazzi M. Transcriptional control of SPARC by v-Jun and other members of the AP1 family of transcription factors. Oncogene 2000; 19:5020-9. [PMID: 11042689 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of chick embryo fibroblasts by the v-Jun oncoprotein correlates with a down-regulation of the extracellular matrix protein SPARC and repression of the corresponding mRNA. Alteration in SPARC expression has been repeatedly reported in human cancers of various origin, and is thought to contribute to the remodeling of the extracellular matrix during neoplastic progression. Transcriptional control of SPARC is poorly understood. We show here that (i) v-Jun-mediated repression of the endogenous SPARC gene is enhanced by Fra2 but alleviated by ATF2, Fra2 and ATF2 being the two major partners of v-Jun in the transformed cells; (ii) high basal activity as well as repression by v-Jun and modulation by Fra2 and ATF2 is restricted to a small proximal fragment (-124/+16) of the chicken SPARC promoter; (iii) the activity of this minimal promoter is modulated by all the AP1 family members known in chickens (c-Jun and JunD; c-Fos and Fra2; ATF2; c-Maf, MafA, and MafB). Taken together these data demonstrate that, at least in avian primary cells, SPARC expression is under the control of the AP1 transcription factor. Further studies with the minimal (-124/+16) promoter fragment are needed to understand how this control takes place at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vial
- Unité de Virologie Humaine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM-U412), Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Vial E, Castellazzi M. Down-regulation of the extracellular matrix protein SPARC in vSrc- and vJun-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts contributes to tumor formation in vivo. Oncogene 2000; 19:1772-82. [PMID: 10777211 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In vitro transformation of primary cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts by the membrane-bound vSrc or the nuclear vJun oncoproteins is correlated with a down-regulation of the secreted glycoprotein SPARC (also called BM-40 or osteonectin). This protein is a nonstructural component of the extracellular matrix that is thought to regulate cell-matrix interaction during development, wound repair, and carcinogenesis. Its precise function remains unclear. To estimate the contribution of SPARC down-regulation to the major aspects of the transformed phenotype, we have reexpressed this protein from a self-replicating retrovirus Rcas, designated R-SPARC, in the transformed cultures. These R-SPARC-infected cultures display the following main properties: (i) they accumulate the SPARC protein to a level identical to or only slightly higher than the level in normal chick embryo fibroblasts; (ii) they retain the main phenotypic properties characteristic of in vitro transformed cells, that is, altered morphology, capacity to grow in a reduced amount of serum, and capacity to develop colonies from single cells in agar; (iii) they display a clearly reduced capacity to develop local fibrosarcomas in vivo. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that down-regulation of SPARC contributes to the transformed phenotype triggered by vSrc and vJun in primary avian fibroblasts, by facilitating in vivo tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vial
- Unité de Virologie Humaine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM-U412), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon, France
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Abstract
SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) is a unique matricellular glycoprotein that is expressed by many different types of cells and is associated with development, remodeling, cell turnover, and tissue repair. Its principal functions in vitro are counteradhesion and antiproliferation, which proceed via different signaling pathways. SPARC consists of three domains, each of which has independent activity and unique properties. The extracellular calcium binding module and the follistatin-like module have been recently crystallized. Specific interactions between SPARC and growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and cell surface proteins contribute to the diverse activities described for SPARC in vivo and in vitro. The location of SPARC in the nuclear matrix of certain proliferating cells, but only in the cytosol of postmitotic neurons, indicates potential functions of SPARC as a nuclear protein, which might be involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression and mitosis. High levels of SPARC have been found in adult eye, and SPARC-null mice exhibit cataracts at 1-2 months of age. This animal model provides an excellent opportunity to confirm and explore some of the properties of SPARC, to investigate cataractogenesis, and to study SPARC-related family proteins, e.g., SC1/hevin, a counteradhesive matricellular protein that might functionally compensate for SPARC in certain tissues.(J Histochem Cytochem 47:1495-1505, 1999)
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yan
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hope Heart Institute, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA
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Gooden M, Vernon R, Bassuk J, Sage E. Cell cycle-dependent nuclear location of the matricellular protein SPARC: Association with the nuclear matrix. J Cell Biochem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19990801)74:2<152::aid-jcb2>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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