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Ruocco N, Esposito R, Zagami G, Bertolino M, De Matteo S, Sonnessa M, Andreani F, Crispi S, Zupo V, Costantini M. Microbial diversity in Mediterranean sponges as revealed by metataxonomic analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21151. [PMID: 34707182 PMCID: PMC8551288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the Mediterranean Sea covers approximately a 0.7% of the world's ocean area, it represents a major reservoir of marine and coastal biodiversity. Among marine organisms, sponges (Porifera) are a key component of the deep-sea benthos, widely recognized as the dominant taxon in terms of species richness, spatial coverage, and biomass. Sponges are evolutionarily ancient, sessile filter-feeders that harbor a largely diverse microbial community within their internal mesohyl matrix. In the present work, we firstly aimed at exploring the biodiversity of marine sponges from four different areas of the Mediterranean: Faro Lake in Sicily and "Porto Paone", "Secca delle fumose", "Punta San Pancrazio" in the Gulf of Naples. Eight sponge species were collected from these sites and identified by morphological analysis and amplification of several conserved molecular markers (18S and 28S RNA ribosomal genes, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and internal transcribed spacer). In order to analyze the bacterial diversity of symbiotic communities among these different sampling sites, we also performed a metataxonomic analysis through an Illumina MiSeq platform, identifying more than 1500 bacterial taxa. Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) analysis revealed a great variability of the host-specific microbial communities. Our data highlight the occurrence of dominant and locally enriched microbes in the Mediterranean, together with the biotechnological potential of these sponges and their associated bacteria as sources of bioactive natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ruocco
- grid.6401.30000 0004 1758 0806Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Esposito
- grid.6401.30000 0004 1758 0806Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zagami
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Dipartimento Di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche Ed Ambientali, Università Di Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Bertolino
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065DISTAV, Università Degli Studi Di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio De Matteo
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Dipartimento Di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche Ed Ambientali, Università Di Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Crispi
- grid.6401.30000 0004 1758 0806Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy ,grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biosciences and BioResources Naples, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Zupo
- grid.6401.30000 0004 1758 0806Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- grid.6401.30000 0004 1758 0806Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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Peñalver R, Lorenzo JM, Ros G, Amarowicz R, Pateiro M, Nieto G. Seaweeds as a Functional Ingredient for a Healthy Diet. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E301. [PMID: 32517092 PMCID: PMC7345263 DOI: 10.3390/md18060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds have been used since ancient times as food, mainly by Asian countries, while in Western countries, their main application has been as gelling agents and colloids for the food, pharmaceuticals, and the cosmetic industry. Seaweeds are a good source of nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Polyphenols, polysaccharides, and sterols, as well as other bioactive molecules, are mainly responsible for the healthy properties associated with seaweed. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties are attributed to these compounds. If seaweeds are compared to terrestrial plants, they have a higher proportion of essential fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids. In addition, there are several secondary metabolites that are synthesized by algae such as terpenoids, oxylipins, phlorotannins, volatile hydrocarbons, and products of mixed biogenetic origin. Therefore, algae can be considered as a natural source of great interest, since they contain compounds with numerous biological activities and can be used as a functional ingredient in many technological applications to obtain functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Peñalver
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (R.P.); (G.R.); (G.N.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
| | - Gaspar Ros
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (R.P.); (G.R.); (G.N.)
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Espinardo, Spain; (R.P.); (G.R.); (G.N.)
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Swantara MD, Rita WS, Suartha N, Agustina KK. Anticancer activities of toxic isolate of Xestospongia testudinaria sponge. Vet World 2019; 12:1434-1440. [PMID: 31749578 PMCID: PMC6813599 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1434-1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purposes of this study were to determine the anticancer activity of Xestospongia testudinaria sponge isolate and identify the responsible compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolites were extracted using methanol maceration at room temperature. The separation and purification of metabolites were performed using fractionation and column chromatography. The toxicity was examined using the brine shrimp lethality assay, and the toxic isolates were tested for anticancer activity against HeLa cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the compounds in the isolate. RESULTS When the methanol extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol, the chloroform fraction was the most toxic, with a concentration that results in 50% lethality (LC50) value of 39.81 ppm. After separation of the chloroform extract, fraction B (FB) was the most toxic, with an LC50 value of 44.67 ppm. The isolate from FB showed anticancer activity with a concentration at which 50% of growth was inhibited (IC50) of 2.273 ppm. In total, 21 compounds were identified in anticancer isolates: Nonanedioic acid; tetradecanoic acid; trans-phytol; 2-pentadecanone-6,10,14-trimethyl; pentadecanoic acid; 2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-; pentadecanoic acid; 2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-; 2,3,7-trimethyloctanal; palmitic acid; docosanoic acid, ethyl ester; 1,E-11,Z-13-octadecatriene; chloromethyl 4-chlorododecanoate; 1-tricosene; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid; 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide; 1-docosene; heneicosane; phosphonic acid, dioctadecyl ester; dodecane,4,6-dimethyl-; n-tetratriacontane; 1-iodohexadecane; and n-heneicosane. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the isolate of X. testudinaria can be used as a natural anticancer toward HeLa cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Dira Swantara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | | | - Nyoman Suartha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Kadek Karang Agustina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
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Di Costanzo F, Di Dato V, Ianora A, Romano G. Prostaglandins in Marine Organisms: A Review. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E428. [PMID: 31340503 PMCID: PMC6669704 DOI: 10.3390/md17070428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid mediators belonging to the eicosanoid family. PGs were first discovered in mammals where they are key players in a great variety of physiological and pathological processes, for instance muscle and blood vessel tone regulation, inflammation, signaling, hemostasis, reproduction, and sleep-wake regulation. These molecules have successively been discovered in lower organisms, including marine invertebrates in which they play similar roles to those in mammals, being involved in the control of oogenesis and spermatogenesis, ion transport, and defense. Prostaglandins have also been found in some marine macroalgae of the genera Gracilaria and Laminaria and very recently the PGs pathway has been identified for the first time in some species of marine microalgae. In this review we report on the occurrence of prostaglandins in the marine environment and discuss the anti-inflammatory role of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Costanzo
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Dato
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Abstract
The viral infection and resistance to the existing antiviral drugs are alarming, which is a serious public health concern. Medicinal plants are valuable resources for treatment of viral infections and can be used for the management of infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, etc. The antiviral screening of plant extracts should be highly selective, specific, and sensitive for bioactivity guided isolation of the active compounds from the plant extracts. The antiviral screening system should be validated for accuracy, reproducibility, simplicity, and cost effectiveness. This chapter highlights on various aspects for screening and evaluation of antiviral natural components including factors affecting antiviral in vivo studies, host cells, organisms, and culture media followed by different virus-specific assays for antiviral screening of natural products.
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Sheu JH, Veh TH. Isolation of a Bioactive Sterol from the Soft CoralLobophytum Mirabile. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bioprospecting of marine invertebrates for new natural products - a chemical and zoogeographical perspective. Molecules 2012; 17:9842-54. [PMID: 22898739 PMCID: PMC6268843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioprospecting for new marine natural products (NPs) has increased significantly over the last decades, leading to an unprecedented discovery of new molecules. Marine invertebrates have been the most important source of these NPs, with researchers commonly targeting particular taxonomic groups, marine regions and/or molecules from specific chemical groups. The present review focuses on new NPs identified from marine invertebrates between 2000 and 2009, and performs a detailed analysis on: (1) the chemical groups of these NPs; (2) the association of particular chemical groups to specific marine invertebrate taxa; and (3) the yielding of molecules from the same chemical group from organisms occurring in a particular geographic region. Our survey revealed an increasing number of new terpenoids being discovered between 2000 and 2009, contrasting with the decreasing trend in the discovery of new alkaloids and aliphatic molecules. Overall, no particular association was identified between marine invertebrate taxa and chemical groups of new NPs. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that most NPs recorded from cnidarians and mollusks were terpenoids, while most NPs identified in echinoderms were aliphatic compounds or carbohydrates. The geographical trends observed in our study do not support the idea of particular chemical groups of new NPs being associated with marine invertebrates from any specific geographical region, as NPs from different chemical groups were commonly distributed worldwide.
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Hu JF, Fan H, Xiong J, Wu SB. Discorhabdins and Pyrroloiminoquinone-Related Alkaloids. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5465-91. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100435g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Natural Products for Chemical Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, No. 3663 Zhongshan Road N, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shi-Biao Wu
- Department of Natural Products for Chemical Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, No. 3663 Zhongshan Road N, Shanghai 200062, China
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Shen YC, Chang YT, Lin CL, Liaw CC, Kuo YH, Tu LC, Yeh SF, Chern JW. Synthesis of 1-substituted carbazolyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- and carbazolyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carboline analogs as potential antitumor agents. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:256-277. [PMID: 21566798 PMCID: PMC3093256 DOI: 10.3390/md9020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1-substituted carbazolyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- and carbazolyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carboline analogs have been synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity against human tumor cells including KB, DLD, NCI-H661, Hepa, and HepG2/A2 cell lines. Among these, compounds 2, 6, 7, and 9 exhibited the most potent and selective activity against the tested tumor cells. As for inhibition of topoisomerase II, compounds 1-14 and 18 showed better activity than etoposide. Among them, compounds 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10 exhibited potent activity. The structure and activity relationship (SAR) study revealed correlation between carbon numbers of the side chain and biological activities. The molecular complex with DNA for compound 2 was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Shen
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (C.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Yao-To Chang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (C.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Chun-Ling Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (C.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (C.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.); (J.-W.C.)
| | - Yao Haur Kuo
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Lan-Chun Tu
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.F.Y.)
| | - Sheau Farn Yeh
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.F.Y.)
| | - Ji-Wang Chern
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (C.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.); (J.-W.C.)
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Ben Kahla-Nakbi A, Haouas N, El Ouaer A, Guerbej H, Ben Mustapha K, Babba H. Screening of antileishmanial activity from marine sponge extracts collected off the Tunisian coast. Parasitol Res 2010; 106:1281-6. [PMID: 20358229 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports on the in vitro antileishmanial activity of two Ircinidae (Dictyoceratida, Demospongiae, Porifera) Ircinia spinosula and Sarcotragus sp. Sampled from the east coast of Tunisia. The ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and aqueous extracts were tested against Leishmania major promastigotes. The anti-proliferative activity was checked using different extracts concentration during 72 h. We found that the IC50 (sub-inhibitory concentration) values ranged from 1.39 to 264.67 mug/ml. The most active extract was that from sarcotragus sp dichloromethane extract. Microscopic observations showed that the extracts promoted cellular alterations and induce enlargement of the nucleus and modification of the parasite shape. These promising results in relation with in vitro antileishmanial activity open the way for complementary investigation in order to purify and identify active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Kahla-Nakbi
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Marine, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer annexe Monastir, Annexe Monastir, BP 59 Monastir, 5000 Tunisia.
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Silva ECC, Cavalcanti BC, Amorim RCN, Lucena JF, Quadros DS, Tadei WP, Montenegro RC, Costa-Lotufo LV, Pessoa C, Moraes MO, Nunomura RCS, Nunomura SM, Melo MRS, Andrade-Neto VFD, Silva LFR, Vieira PPR, Pohlit AM. Biological activity of neosergeolide and isobrucein B (and two semi-synthetic derivatives) isolated from the Amazonian medicinal plant Picrolemma sprucei (Simaroubaceae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104:48-56. [PMID: 19274376 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, in vitro techniques were used to investigate a range of biological activities of known natural quassinoids isobrucein B (1) and neosergeolide (2), known semi-synthetic derivative 1,12-diacetylisobrucein B (3), and a new semi-synthetic derivative, 12-acetylneosergeolide (4). These compounds were evaluated for general toxicity toward the brine shrimp species Artemia franciscana, cytotoxicity toward human tumour cells, larvicidal activity toward the dengue fever mosquito vector Aedes aegypti, haemolytic activity in mouse erythrocytes and antimalarial activity against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity against all the tumor cells tested (IC50 = 5-27 microg/L) and against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum K1 strain (IC50 = 1.0-4.0 g/L) and 3 was only cytotoxic toward the leukaemia HL-60 strain (IC50 = 11.8 microg/L). Quassinoids 1 and 2 (LC50 = 3.2-4.4 mg/L) displayed greater lethality than derivative 4 (LC50 = 75.0 mg/L) toward A. aegypti larvae, while derivative 3 was inactive. These results suggest a novel application for these natural quassinoids as larvicides. The toxicity toward A. franciscana could be correlated with the activity in several biological models, a finding that is in agreement with the literature. Importantly, none of the studied compounds exhibited in vitro haemolytic activity, suggesting specificity of the observed cytotoxic effects. This study reveals the biological potential of quassinoids 1 and 2 and to a lesser extent their semi-synthetic derivatives for their in vitro antimalarial and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C C Silva
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo 2936, 69060-001Manaus, AM, Brasil
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Choi EY, Hwang HJ, Kim IH, Nam TJ. Protective effects of a polysaccharide from Hizikia fusiformis against ethanol toxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:134-9. [PMID: 19026708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hizikia fusiformis is an edible brown alga that is widely consumed in Korea, Japan, and China and possesses a number of potentially beneficial compounds, including antioxidants and anticoagulants. No reports have investigated potential H. fusiformis protectants against ethanol-induced peptic injury. We extracted a polysaccharide from H. fusiformis (Hf-PS-1) that exhibited protective effects against ethanol-induced peptic injury and related mechanisms in rats. Experimental animals were divided into three groups: control, ethanol-only, and ethanol+Hf-PS-1. The ethanol-only group exhibited decreased levels of total glutathione (GSH) and increased levels of jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation relative to the control group, whereas levels were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the ethanol+Hf-PS-1 group. The ethanol-only group also exhibited increased levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation relative to the control group; these levels were not significantly different in the ethanol+Hf-PS-1 group. Hf-PS-1 appeared to reduce ethanol-induced gastric injury. Therefore, we suggest that Hf-PS-1 could protect against ethanol-induced peptic ulcers primarily through a mechanism associated with the inhibition of JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Choi
- Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeon 3-Dong, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea [corrected]
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Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis of a chamigrane sesquiterpene, (+)-majusculone, has been completed. The quaternary center was generated asymmetrically by alkylidene carbene insertion, with retention of absolute configuration, from a diastereomerically pure ketal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglass F Taber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
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16
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Ivanov I, Nikolova S, Statkova-Abeghe S. A Simple Method for the Synthesis of 1-Substituted β-Carboline Derivatives from Tryptamine and Carboxylic Acids in Polyphosphoric Acid. HETEROCYCLES 2005. [DOI: 10.3987/com-05-10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Gross H, Wright AD, Beil W, König GM. Two new bicyclic cembranolides from a new Sarcophyton species and determination of the absolute configuration of sarcoglaucol-16-one. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:1133-8. [PMID: 15064788 DOI: 10.1039/b314332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During the chemical investigation of a new species of soft coral belonging to the genus Sarcophyton, two novel cembranoid compounds with a 12Z double bond (1 and 2) were obtained. Determination of the double bond configurations was done using NMR spectroscopic data and the results of molecular modeling studies. Compound 3, one of several known compounds (3-5), was found to be cytotoxic toward an MCF7 tumor cell line.Additionally, we report the absolute stereochemistry of the cembrane sarcoglaucol-16-one (6), which was determined using the modified Mosher[prime or minute]s method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Gross
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Imhoff JF, Stöhr R. Sponge-associated bacteria: general overview and special aspects of bacteria associated with Halichondria panicea. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 37:35-57. [PMID: 15825639 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-55519-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence is accumulating that highlights the important role of bacteria in bacteria-sponge associations. It appears to be equally important to analyse the specific association of bacteria with sponges, to realise the biological function of biologically active substances produced by sponge-associated bacteria, and to consider the relationship between bacteria and sponges in the search for new pharmaceutical products. In this chapter the current knowledge on bacteria-sponge associations is briefly reviewed. Results are summarised that were obtained by three major methodological approaches: (1) classical microscope observations, (2) investigations attempting to characterise sponge-associated bacteria by describing pure culture isolates, and (3) the rapidly growing evidence from genetic analyses of sponge-associated bacteria. Special emphasis is given to the evidence of possible symbiotic interactions between bacteria and sponges and to the synthesis of natural products by bacteria isolated from or associated with marine sponges. Case studies including morphological and genetic studies together with results from pure culture studies have been performed with bacteria from the sponges Rhodopaloeides odorabile, Aplysina cavernicola, and Halichondria panicea. In addition, new results on bacteria associated with Halichondria panicea are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Imhoff
- Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Davyt D, Fernandez R, Suescun L, Mombrú AW, Saldaña J, Domínguez L, Coll J, Fujii MT, Manta E. New sesquiterpene derivatives from the red alga Laurencia scoparia. Isolation, structure determination, and anthelmintic activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2001; 64:1552-1555. [PMID: 11754610 DOI: 10.1021/np0102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Eleven sesquiterpenes (1-11) and one long chain aldehyde (12) have been isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the red alga Laurencia scoparia. Four of them are new natural products. Scopariol (1) is a new natural product with an unusual rearranged chamigrane-type structure. The other three are beta-chamigrenes: isorigidol (2), (+)-3-(Z)-bromomethylidene-10 beta-bromo-beta-chamigrene (3), and (-)-3-(E)-bromomethylidene-10 beta-bromo-beta-chamigrene (4). The in vitro activity of compounds 1-12 against the parasitant stage of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (L4) has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Davyt
- Cátedra de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Affiliation(s)
- G Blunden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
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Abstract
Since the ancient times, natural products have served as a major source of drugs. About fifty percent of today's pharmaceutical drugs are derived from natural origin. Interest in natural products as a source of new drugs is growing due to many factors that will be discussed in this article. Viruses have been resistant to therapy or prophylaxis longer than any other form of life. Currently, there are only few drugs available for the cure of viral diseases including acyclovir which is modeled on a natural product parent. In order to combat viruses which have devastating effects on humans, animals, insects, crop plants, fungi and bacteria, many research efforts have been devoted for the discovery of new antiviral natural products. Recent analysis of the number and sources of antiviral agents reported mainly in the annual reports of medicinal chemistry from 1984 to 1995 indicated that seven out of ten synthetic agents approved by FDA between 1983-1994, are modeled on a natural product parent. It has been estimated that only 5-15% of the approximately 250,000 species of higher plants have been systematically investigated for the presence of bioactive compounds while the potential of the marine environment has barely been tapped. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the central role of natural products in the discovery and development of new antiviral drugs by displaying 340 structures of plant, marine and microbial origin that show promising in vitro antiviral activity.
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Edrada RA, Proksch P, Wray V, Witte L, Müller WE, Van Soest RW. Four new bioactive manzamine-type alkaloids from the Philippine marine sponge Xestospongia ashmorica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 1996; 59:1056-1060. [PMID: 8946747 DOI: 10.1021/np9604083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the Philippine marine sponge Xestospongia ashmorica afforded four new manzamine congeners 1-4 and four known compounds 5 and 7-9. Compound 1 is the 6-deoxy derivative of manzamine X, while 2-4 are the N-oxides of manzamine J (5), 3,4-dihydromanzamine A (6), and manzamine A (7), respectively. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic (1H, 13C, COSY, 1H-detected direct, and long-range 13C-1H correlations) and mass spectrometric (EI, FAB-MS, and electrospray ionization) data. Alkaloid N-oxide structures were confirmed by conversion to the corresponding tertiary bases by reduction with Zn/HCl. This is the first report of the occurrence of bioactive manzamine N-oxides in marine sponges. Compound 7 exhibited insecticidal activity toward neonate larvae of the polyphagous pest insect Spodoptera littoralis (with an ED50 of 35 ppm) when incorporated in artificial diet and offered to larvae in a chronic feeding bioassay. Compound 7 was also active against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Cytotoxicity was studied in vitro using L1578y mouse lymphoma cells. From the alkaloids studied, the N-oxides 3 and 4 were the most active (ED50 = 1.6 micrograms/mL) followed by compound 7 (ED50 = 1.8 micrograms/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Edrada
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
In the marine environment sponges (Porifera) constitute one of the most interesting sources of bioactive natural products. The high frequency of bioactive components in these primitive filter-feeders is interpreted as chemical defence of sponges against environmental stress factors such as predation, overgrowth by fouling organisms or competition for space. The highest incidence of toxic or deterrent sponge metabolites is consequently found in habitats such as coral reefs that are characterized by intense competition and feeding pressure due, for example, to carnivorous fish. Further support for the adaptive significance of sponge constituents is derived from the observation that sponges which are growing exposed are usually more toxic than those growing unexposed. Whereas the chemical defence of sponges seems to be highly effective against most species of fish, a group of shell-less gastropods, the nudibranchs, has specialized on sponges. While feeding on sponges the nudibranchs sequester the effective chemical armoury of their prey, which is subsequently employed for their own protection. Some nudibranchs, however, have become independent of this interspecific flow of natural products and are able to accumulate defensive compounds through de novo synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Proksch
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Würzburg, Germany
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Kreuter MH, Robitzki A, Chang S, Steffen R, Michaelis M, Kljajić Z, Bachmann M, Schröder HC, Müller WE. Production of the cytostatic agent aeroplysinin by the sponge Verongia aerophoba in in vitro culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992; 101:183-7. [PMID: 1350964 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(92)90217-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The marine sponge Verongia aerophoba contains two bioactive secondary metabolites from tyrosine, (+)-aeroplysinin-1 [3',5'-dibromo-1',2'-dihydroxy-4'- methoxycyclohexa-3',5'-dien-1'-yl-methyl-cyanide; abbreviated AP] and dibromoverongia-quinol [3',5'-dibromo-1'-hydroxy- 4'-oxocyclohexa-2',5'-dien-1'-yl-acetamide; abbreviated DV], which display strong cytostatic activity. 2. The concentrations causing 50% inhibition of cell growth are 0.47 microM (AP) and 1.21 microM (DV), resp. 3. Depending on depth regions from which the sponges were collected, differences in occurrence of metabolites were observed. 4. AP and DV were found to be present in sponges collected at a depth of 5-10 m, whereas only DV could be detected in material from deeper regions (20-30 m). 5. AP is present only in the surface layers (both the outer and oscular region) of the sponge, while in the centre of the sponge only DV is detected. 6. Cubes from sponges, collected at a depth of 30 m, were cultivated in seawater in vitro and were found to have the capacity (i) to synthesize AP, and (ii) to release this bioactive material into the medium under defined conditions. Under optimal conditions (light and aeration) 100 g of sponge synthesize and release 13.02 mg of AP during a 10-day incubation period. 7. In the dark and without aeration this synthesis was prevented. 8. These data show that also under in vitro conditions sponges retain the capability of producing bioactive compounds and can be induced to produce even substances which they did not secrete in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Kreuter
- Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität, Duesbergweg, Mainz, Germany
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Terpenes in sponge cell membranes: Cell separation and membrane fractionation studies with the tropical marine spongeAmphimedon sp. Lipids 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02536153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stingl J, Andersen RJ, Emerman JT. In vitro screening of crude extracts and pure metabolites obtained from marine invertebrates for the treatment of breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992; 30:401-6. [PMID: 1505079 DOI: 10.1007/bf00689969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A total of 15 samples (crude extracts and pure secondary metabolites) obtained from marine invertebrates collected from the offshore waters of British Columbia, Papua New Guinea, and Sri Lanka have previously been shown to exert cytotoxic activity in the in vitro L1210 leukemic bioassay. We screened these metabolites for in vitro cytotoxic activity against the drug-sensitive breast-tumor cell lines MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75-1, and MDA-MB-231; the multidrug-resistant and P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-positive breast-tumor cell lines MCF-7 Adr and MDA-A1r; and normal and malignant human breast epithelial cells (HBEC) in primary culture. Eight samples exhibited significant [drug concentration resulting in a 50% decrease in cell growth as compared with controls (ED50), less than 25 micrograms/ml] dose-dependent cytotoxicity against the drug-sensitive cell lines; the ED50 values were as low as 0.004 micrograms/ml. Five of the eight samples exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the multidrug-resistant cell lines; the ED50 values were as low as 0.0006 micrograms/ml. Incubation of MCF-7 Adr cells with varying concentrations of compounds in the presence of Adriamycin demonstrated that none of the compounds tested interfered with Pgp function. Results obtained using HBEC in primary culture showed a wide range of chemosensitivities for a given drug against tissue taken from different patients, demonstrating the uniqueness of the response of different individuals to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stingl
- Department of Anatomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Proksch P. Biologisch aktive Naturstoffe in marinen Invertebraten. Chemoökologische Betrachtung am Beispiel von Schwämmen und marinen Nacktschnecken. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/biuz.19910210110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Davis AR, Targett NM, McConnell OJ, Young CM. Epibiosis of Marine Algae and Benthic Invertebrates: Natural Products Chemistry and Other Mechanisms Inhibiting Settlement and Overgrowth. BIOORGANIC MARINE CHEMISTRY 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-74560-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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