1
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Zunica ERM, Axelrod CL, Gilmore LA, Gnaiger E, Kirwan JP. The bioenergetic landscape of cancer. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101966. [PMID: 38876266 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioenergetic remodeling of core energy metabolism is essential to the initiation, survival, and progression of cancer cells through exergonic supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metabolic intermediates, as well as control of redox homeostasis. Mitochondria are evolutionarily conserved organelles that mediate cell survival by conferring energetic plasticity and adaptive potential. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis is coupled to the oxidation of a variety of substrates generated through diverse metabolic pathways. As such, inhibition of the mitochondrial bioenergetic system by restricting metabolite availability, direct inhibition of the respiratory Complexes, altering organelle structure, or coupling efficiency may restrict carcinogenic potential and cancer progression. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we review the role of bioenergetics as the principal conductor of energetic functions and carcinogenesis while highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial functions. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial bioenergetics significantly contribute to cancer initiation and survival. As a result, therapies designed to limit oxidative efficiency may reduce tumor burden and enhance the efficacy of currently available antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R M Zunica
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - L Anne Gilmore
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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2
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Hou W, Xu XL, Huang LJ, Zhang ZY, Zhou ZN, Wang JY, Ouyang X, Xin SY, Zhang ZY, Xiong Y, Huang H, Lan JX. Bioactivities and Action Mechanisms of Ellipticine Derivatives Reported Prior to 2023. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400210. [PMID: 38433548 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Currently, natural products are one of the priceless options for finding novel chemical pharmaceutical entities. Ellipticine is a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Ochrosia elliptica Labill. Ellipticine and its derivatives are characterized by multiple biological activities. The purpose of this review was to provide a critical and systematic assessment of ellipticine and its derivatives as bioactive molecules over the last 60 years. Publications focused mainly on the total synthesis of alkaloids of this type without any evaluation of bioactivity have been excluded. We have reviewed papers dealing with the synthesis, bioactivity evaluation and mechanism of action of ellipticine and its derivatives. It was found that ellipticine and its derivatives showed cytotoxicity, antimicrobial ability, and anti-inflammatory activity, among which cytotoxicity toward cancer cell lines was the most investigated aspect. The inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II was the most relevant mechanism for cytotoxicity. The PI3K/AKT pathway, p53 pathway, and MAPK pathway were also closely related to the antiproliferative ability of these compounds. In addition, the structure-activity relationship was deduced, and future prospects were outlined. We are confident that these findings will lay a scientific foundation for ellipticine-based drug development, especially for anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Liang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xingguo People's Hospital, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 342400, P. R. China
| | - Le-Jun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Nuo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xi Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ya Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xiong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
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3
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Kumar MP, G M, Amaladass P, Manikandan C, Dhayalan V. Recent synthetic strategies for the construction of functionalized carbazoles and their heterocyclic motifs enabled by Lewis acids. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32596-32626. [PMID: 37936643 PMCID: PMC10626344 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06396h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This article demonstrates recent innovative cascade annulation methods for preparing functionalized carbazoles and their related polyaromatic heterocyclic compounds enabled by Lewis acid catalysts. Highly substituted carbazole scaffolds were synthesized via Lewis acid mediated Friedel-Crafts arylation, electrocyclization, intramolecular cyclization, cycloaddition, C-N bond-formations, aromatization and cascade domino reactions, metal-catalyzed, iodine catalyzed reactions and multi-component reactions. This review article mainly focuses on Lewis acid-mediated recent synthetic methods to access a variety of electron-rich and electron-poor functional groups substituted carbazole frameworks in one-pot reactions. Polyaromatic carbazole and their related nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds were found in several synthetic applications in pharma industries, energy devices, and materials sciences. Moreover, the review paper briefly summarised new synthetic strategies of carbazole preparation approaches will assist academic and pharma industries in identifying innovative protocols for producing poly-functionalized carbazoles and related highly complex heterocyclic compounds and discovering active pharmaceutical drugs or carbazole-based alkaloids and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marappan Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - Mahantesh G
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - P Amaladass
- Department of Chemistry, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Madanapalle 517325 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Chitrarasu Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - Vasudevan Dhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
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4
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinoline-derived antibacterial compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 57:116648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Oh J, Lee HH, Jeong Y, Yoon S, An HJ, Baek M, Kim DK, Lee S. Paradoxical Pro-angiogenic Effect of Low-Dose Ellipticine Identified by In Silico Drug Repurposing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169067. [PMID: 34445773 PMCID: PMC8396501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate vessel maintenance or growth causes ischemia in diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, developing an effective strategy to salvage ischemic tissues using a novel compound is urgent. Drug repurposing has become a widely used method that can make drug discovery more efficient and less expensive. Additionally, computational virtual screening tools make drug discovery faster and more accurate. This study found a novel drug candidate for pro-angiogenesis by in silico virtual screening. Using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray datasets related to angiogenesis studies, differentially expressed genes were identified and characteristic direction signatures extracted from GEO2EnrichR were used as input data on L1000CDS2 to screen pro-angiogenic molecules. After a thorough review of the candidates, a list of compounds structurally similar to TWS-119 was generated using ChemMine Tools and its clustering toolbox. ChemMine Tools and ChemminR structural similarity search tools for small-molecule analysis and clustering were used for second screening. A molecular docking simulation was conducted using AutoDock v.4 to evaluate the physicochemical effect of secondary-screened chemicals. A cell viability or toxicity test was performed to determine the proper dose of the final candidate, ellipticine. As a result, we found ellipticine, which has pro-angiogenic effects, using virtual computational methods. The noncytotoxic concentration of ellipticine was 156.25 nM. The phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β was decreased, whereas the β-catenin expression was increased in human endothelial cells treated with ellipticine. We concluded that ellipticine at sublethal dosage could be successfully repositioned as a pro-angiogenic substance by in silico virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Oh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 16995, Korea;
| | - Hyeon Hae Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Yunhui Jeong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Siyeong Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Hyun-Ju An
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Minjung Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- CHA Graduate School of Medicine, 120 Hyeryong-ro, Pocheon 11160, Korea;
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seong-nam 13496, Korea; (H.H.L.); (Y.J.); (S.Y.); (H.-J.A.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-780-5289; Fax: +82-31-881-7114
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6
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Tylińska B, Wiatrak B. Bioactive Olivacine Derivatives-Potential Application in Cancer Therapy. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:564. [PMID: 34205757 PMCID: PMC8235335 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Olivacine and its derivatives are characterized by multidirectional biological activity. Noteworthy is their antiproliferative effect related to various mechanisms, such as inhibition of growth factors, enzymes, kinases and others. The activity of these compounds was tested on cell lines of various tumors. In most publications, the most active olivacine derivatives exceeded the effects of doxorubicin (a commonly used anticancer drug), so in the future, they may become the main new anticancer drugs. In this publication, we present the groups of the most active olivacine derivatives obtained. In this work, the in vitro and in vivo activity of olivacine and its most active derivatives are presented. We describe olivacine derivatives that have been in clinical trials. We conducted a structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis that may be used to obtain new olivacine derivatives with better properties than the available anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Tylińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Costa de Oliveira R, Soares Pontes G, Kostyuk A, Coutinho Camargo GB, Dhyani A, Shvydenko T, Shvydenko K, Grafov A. Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities of a Novel Water-Soluble Derivative of Ellipticine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092130. [PMID: 32370100 PMCID: PMC7248987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer still remains a major public health concern around the world and the search for new potential antitumor molecules is essential for fighting the disease. This study evaluated the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential of the newly synthetized ellipticine derivate: sodium bromo-5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole-7-sulfonate (Br-Ell-SO3Na). It was prepared by the chlorosulfonation of 9-bromoellipticine. The ellipticine-7-sulfonic acid itself is not soluble, but its saponification with sodium hydroxide afforded a water-soluble sodium salt. The cytotoxicity of Br-Ell-SO3Na was tested against cancerous (K562 cell line) and non-cancerous cells (Vero cell line and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)) using a Methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell cycle arrest was assessed by flow cytometry and the immunomodulatory activity was analyzed through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the Br-Ell-SO3Na molecule has specific anticancer activity (IC50 = 35 µM) against the K562 cell line, once no cytotoxicity effect was verified against non-cancerous cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that K562 cells treated with Br-Ell-SO3Na were arrested in the phase S. Moreover, the production of IL-6 increased and the expression of IL-8 was inhibited in the human PBMC treated with Br-Ell-SO3Na. The results demonstrated that Br-Ell-SO3Na is a promising anticancer molecule attested by its noteworthy activity against the K562 tumor cell line and immunomodulatory activity in human PBMC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane Costa de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Djalma Batista, 3578-Flores, Manaus-AM, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (G.S.P.); (G.B.C.C.)
| | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Djalma Batista, 3578-Flores, Manaus-AM, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (G.S.P.); (G.B.C.C.)
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2.936-Petrópolis-Manaus-AM, Brazil;
| | - Aleksandr Kostyuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Gabriel B. Coutinho Camargo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Djalma Batista, 3578-Flores, Manaus-AM, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (G.S.P.); (G.B.C.C.)
| | - Anamika Dhyani
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2.936-Petrópolis-Manaus-AM, Brazil;
| | - Tetiana Shvydenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.K.); (K.S.)
- JSC “Farmak”, Kyrylivska str. 63, 04080 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
| | - Kostiantyn Shvydenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.K.); (K.S.)
- JSC “Farmak”, Kyrylivska str. 63, 04080 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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8
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Lopes EA, Gomes S, Saraiva L, Santos MM. Small Molecules Targeting Mutant P53: A Promising Approach for Cancer Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7323-7336. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181116124308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
:
More than half of all human tumors express mutant forms of p53, with the ovary,
lung, pancreas, and colorectal cancers among the tumor types that display the highest prevalence
of p53 mutations. In addition, the expression of mutant forms of p53 in tumors is associated
with poor prognosis due to increased chemoresistance and invasiveness. Therefore, the
pharmacological restoration of wild-type-like activity to mutant p53 arises as a promising therapeutic
strategy against cancer. This review is focused on the most relevant mutant p53 small
molecule reactivators described to date. Despite some of them have entered into clinical trials,
none has reached the clinic, which emphasizes that new pharmacological alternatives, particularly
with higher selectivity and lower adverse toxic side effects, are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Lopes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria M.M. Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Dan VM, Varghese TS, Viswanathan G, Baby S. Ellipticine, its Derivatives: Re-evaluation of Clinical Suitability with the Aid of Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 20:33-46. [PMID: 31560288 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190927150131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery systems gave newer dimensions for safer and more effective use of therapeutic drugs, thus helping in circumventing the issues of toxicity and unintended drug accumulation. These ongoing developments in delivery systems can, in turn, bring back drugs that suffered various limitations, Ellipticine (EPT) being a candidate. EPT derivatives witnessed entry into clinical settings but failed to survive in clinics citing various toxic side effects. A large body of preclinical data deliberates the potency of drug delivery systems in increasing the efficiency of EPT/derivatives while decreasing their toxic side effects. Recent developments in drug delivery systems provide a platform to explore EPT and its derivatives as good clinical candidates in treating tumors. The present review deals with delivery mechanisms of EPT/EPT derivatives as antitumor drugs, in vitro and in vivo, and evaluates the suitability of EPT-carriers in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Mohan Dan
- Microbiology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Thania Sara Varghese
- Garden Management Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Gayathri Viswanathan
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabulal Baby
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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10
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Identification of Streptomyces spp. isolated from air samples and its cytotoxicity of anti-MRSA bioactive compounds. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Novel 11-Substituted Ellipticines as Potent Anticancer Agents with Divergent Activity against Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020090. [PMID: 31207878 PMCID: PMC6631919 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellipticines have well documented anticancer activity, in particular with substitution at the 1-, 2-, 6- and 9-positions. However, due to limitations in synthesis and coherent screening methodology the full SAR profile of this anticancer class has not yet been achieved. In order to address this shortfall, we have set out to explore the anticancer activity of this potent natural product by substitution. We currently describe the synthesis of novel 11-substituted ellipticines with two specific derivatives showing potency and diverging cellular growth effects.
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12
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Inhibition of tumour and non-tumour cell proliferation by pygidial gland secretions of four ground beetle species (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Biologia (Bratisl) 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-018-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Rizvi NF, Howe JA, Nahvi A, Klein DJ, Fischmann TO, Kim HY, McCoy MA, Walker SS, Hruza A, Richards MP, Chamberlin C, Saradjian P, Butko MT, Mercado G, Burchard J, Strickland C, Dandliker PJ, Smith GF, Nickbarg EB. Discovery of Selective RNA-Binding Small Molecules by Affinity-Selection Mass Spectrometry. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:820-831. [PMID: 29412640 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the relevance of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) to disease have increased interest in drugging ncRNA with small molecules. The recent discovery of ribocil, a structurally distinct synthetic mimic of the natural ligand of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) riboswitch, has revealed the potential chemical diversity of small molecules that target ncRNA. Affinity-selection mass spectrometry (AS-MS) is theoretically applicable to high-throughput screening (HTS) of small molecules binding to ncRNA. Here, we report the first application of the Automated Ligand Detection System (ALIS), an indirect AS-MS technique, for the selective detection of small molecule-ncRNA interactions, high-throughput screening against large unbiased small-molecule libraries, and identification and characterization of novel compounds (structurally distinct from both FMN and ribocil) that target the FMN riboswitch. Crystal structures reveal that different compounds induce various conformations of the FMN riboswitch, leading to different activity profiles. Our findings validate the ALIS platform for HTS screening for RNA-binding small molecules and further demonstrate that ncRNA can be broadly targeted by chemically diverse yet selective small molecules as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen F. Rizvi
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - John A. Howe
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ali Nahvi
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Daniel J. Klein
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | | | - Hai-Young Kim
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mark A. McCoy
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Scott S. Walker
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Alan Hruza
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Chad Chamberlin
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peter Saradjian
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Gabriel Mercado
- Biodesy, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julja Burchard
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | | | - Graham F. Smith
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Muthu Ramalingam B, Dhatchana Moorthy N, Chowdhury SR, Mageshwaran T, Vellaichamy E, Saha S, Ganesan K, Rajesh BN, Iqbal S, Majumder HK, Gunasekaran K, Siva R, Mohanakrishnan AK. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Calothrixins B and their Deoxygenated Analogues. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1285-1315. [PMID: 29313676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of calothrixin B (2) analogues bearing substituents at the 'E' ring and their corresponding deoxygenated quinocarbazoles lacking quinone unit were synthesized. The cytotoxicities of calothrixins 1, 2, and 15b-p and quinocarbazole analogues were investigated against nine cancer cell lines. The quinocarbazoles 21a and 25a inhibited the catalytic activity of human topoisomerase II. The plasmid DNA cleavage abilities of calothrixins 1, 2, and 15b-p identified compound 15h causing DNA cleavage comparable to that of calothrixin A (1). Calothrixin A (1), 3-fluorocalothrixin 15h and 4-fluoroquinocarbazole 21b induced extensive DNA damage followed by apoptotic cell death. Spectral and plasmid unwinding studies demonstrated an intercalative mode of binding for quinocarbazoles. We identified two promising drug candidates, the 3-fluorocalothrixin B 15h with low toxicity in animal model and its deoxygenated derivative 4-fluoroquinocarbazole 21b as having potent cytotoxicity against NCI-H460 cell line with a GI50 of 1 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bose Muthu Ramalingam
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras , Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Nachiappan Dhatchana Moorthy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras , Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.,Research and Development Centre, Orchid Pharma Ltd , Sholinganallur, Chennai 600 119, India
| | - Somenath Roy Chowdhury
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | - Elangovan Vellaichamy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras , Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Sourav Saha
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Karthikeyan Ganesan
- Research and Development Centre, Orchid Pharma Ltd , Sholinganallur, Chennai 600 119, India
| | - B Navin Rajesh
- Research and Development Centre, Orchid Pharma Ltd , Sholinganallur, Chennai 600 119, India
| | - Saleem Iqbal
- CAS in Crystallography & Biophysics, University of Madras , Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Hemanta K Majumder
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | - Ramamoorthy Siva
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University , Vellore 632 014, India
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Synthesis, DNA binding and cytotoxic activity of pyrimido[4′,5′:4,5]thieno(2,3-b)quinoline with 9-hydroxy-4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) and 8-methoxy-4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) substitutions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 178:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Kumarasamy VM, Sun D. Demonstration of a potent RET transcriptional inhibitor for the treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma based on an ellipticine derivative. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:145-157. [PMID: 28498409 PMCID: PMC5467785 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant-activating mutations in the RET (rearranged during transfection) proto-oncogene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, is often associated with the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The proximal promoter region of the RET gene consists of a guanine-rich sequence containing five runs of three consecutive guanine residues that serve as the binding site for transcriptional factors. As we have recently shown, this stretch of nucleotides in the promoter region is highly dynamic in nature and tend to form non-B DNA secondary structures called G-quadruplexes, which suppress the transcription of the RET gene. In the present study, ellipticine and its derivatives were identified as excellent RET G-quadruplex stabilizing agents. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic studies revealed that the incorporation of a piperidine ring in an ellipticine derivative, NSC311153 improves its binding with the G-quadruplex structure and the stability induced by this compound is more potent than ellipticine. Furthermore, this compound also interfered with the transcriptional mechanism of the RET gene in an MTC derived cell line, TT cells and significantly decreased the endogenous RET protein expression. We demonstrated the specificity of NSC311153 by using papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells, the TPC1 cell line which lacks the G-quadruplex forming sequence in the promoter region due to chromosomal rearrangement. The RET downregulation selectively suppresses cell proliferation by inhibiting the intracellular Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in the TT cells. In the present study, we also showed that the systemic administration of a water soluble NSC311153 analog in a mouse MTC xenograft model inhibited the tumor growth through RET downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daekyu Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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17
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Abstract
Trees have made an enormous phytochemical contribution in anticancer drugs' development more than any other life form. The contributions include alkaloids that are biosynthesized in various ways and yield. Lead alkaloids isolated from the trees are taxol and camptothecins that currently have annual sales in billion dollars. Other important alkaloids isolated from these life forms include rohitukine, harringtonine, acronycine, thalicarpine, usambarensine, ellipticine, and matrines. Studies on their mechanism of action and target on the DNA and protein of cancerous cells aided the development of potent hemisynthesized congeners. The molecules and their congeners passed/are passing a long period of historical development before approved as antineoplastic drugs for cancer chemotherapy. Some of them did not find the application as anticancer drugs due to ineffectiveness in clinical trials; others are generating research interest in the antineoplastic activity at the present and have reached clinical trial stages. Potentials in antineoplastic molecules from trees are high and are hoped to be commensurate with cancer types afflicting human society in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasiu Isah
- Department of Botany, Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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18
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Jamison JM, Krabill K, Allen KA, Stuart SH, Tsai CC. RNA–Intercalating Agent Interactions: in vitro Antiviral Activity Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029000100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Twenty intercalating agents were tested to examine the effects of intercalating dye-induced perturbations upon the antiviral activity of poly (adenylate–uridylate) [poly (A-U)]. Neither poly (A-U) alone nor each intercalative dye was an efficacious antiviral agent. When poly (A-U) was combined with major groove intercalating dyes (acridine orange or proflavine), no synergism was observed. When poly (A-U) was combined with minor groove intercalating dyes [ethidium (EB), propidium (PI), adriamycin (ADR) or daunomycin (DMN)] or minor/major groove intercalating dyes [9-aminoacridine (9-AA), N2-methyl-9-hydroxy-ellipticine (NMHE) or N2,N6-dimethyl-9-hydroxy-ellipticine (DMHE)] the 50% effective doses (ED50) of the poly (A-U), 9-AA, ADR, DMHE, DMN, EB, NMHE and PI decreased 18-, 22-, 60-, 274-, 61-, 154-, 113- and 299-fold, respectively. When poly (A-U) was combined individually with 11 dyes whose mode of intercalation was not known, the ED50 of ametantrone (HAQ), chloroquine (CHL), mitoxantrone (DHAQ) and quinine (QUI) decreased 125-, 65-, 251- and 32-fold, respectively. These results suggest that the four dyes may intercalate into poly (A-U) from the minor groove. Ten (ADR, CHL, DMN, DHAQ, DMHE, EB, HAQ, NMHE, PI, QUI) of the 20 dyes evaluated exhibited significant synergism with poly (A-U), as quantified by the fractional inhibitory concentration index. Interferon (IFN) neutralization assays demonstrated that the IFN-inducing capability of the dye/poly (A-U) combinations approximated the sum of the capabilities of the poly (A-U) and the dyes employed. These results suggest that the majority of the dyes tested potentiate the antiviral activity of poly (A-U) without affecting the amount of IFN induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - K. Krabill
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - K. A. Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - S. H. Stuart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - C.-C. Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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19
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Vann KR, Ergün Y, Zencir S, Oncuoglu S, Osheroff N, Topcu Z. Inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase IIα by two novel ellipticine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1809-12. [PMID: 26906637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ellipticine (5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole) is an antineoplastic agent that intercalates into DNA and alters topoisomerase II activity. Unfortunately, this compound displays a number of adverse properties. Therefore, to investigate new ellipticine-based compounds for their potential as topoisomerase II-targeted drugs, we synthesized two novel derivatives, N-methyl-5-demethyl ellipticine (ET-1) and 2-methyl-N-methyl-5-demethyl ellipticinium iodide (ET-2). As determined by DNA decatenation and cleavage assays, ET-1 and ET-2 act as catalytic inhibitors of human topoisomerase IIα and are both more potent than the parent compound. Neither compound impairs the ability of the type II enzyme to bind its DNA substrate. Finally, the potency of ET-1 and ET-2 as catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerase IIα appears to be related to their ability to intercalate into the double helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra R Vann
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yavuz Ergün
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, 35160 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevil Zencir
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Serkan Oncuoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, 35160 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Zeki Topcu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
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20
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Dethe DH, Murhade GM. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Calothrixins and Ellipticines. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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A benzimidazopyridoquinoxaline as promising scaffold for G-quadruplex DNA targeting. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-0985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Ramkumar N, Nagarajan R. Total synthesis of ellipticine quinones, olivacine, and calothrixin B. J Org Chem 2014; 79:736-41. [PMID: 24372379 DOI: 10.1021/jo402593w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A direct route to the synthesis of biologically active ellipticine quinones, olivacine, and calothrixin B is described. The prominent key steps involved are Friedel-Crafts hydroxyalkylation followed by oxidation and directed ortho-lithiation reactions of readily available indole-2-carboxylate esters with appropriately substituted pyridine and quinoline carboxaldehydes.
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23
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24
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Lee KH, Sun L, Wang HK. Antineoplastic Alkaloids From Chinese Medicinal Plants and Their Analogs. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199400050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Wang H, Yang L, Rempel GL. Preparation of pH-responsive polymer core-shell nanospheres for delivery of hydrophobic antineoplastic drug ellipticine. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:166-72. [PMID: 24106137 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antineoplastic drug ellipticine and its derivatives are used in human cancer therapy. However, their clinical applications have been limited by its great hydrophobicity and severe side effects. An efficient delivery system is therefore very desirable. In this research, an ellipticine-loaded core-shell structured nanosphere namely poly(DEAEMA)-poly(PEGMA) is designed as a drug carrier and prepared via a two-step semibatch emulsion polymerization method where DEAEMA and PEGMA represent 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, respectively. The in-vitro release profiles of ellipticine towards the different pH liposome vesicles are recorded as a function of time at 37 °C. It is found that release of ellipticine from the core-shell polymer matrix is a pH-responsive and controlled release process. The three pH's of 3, 4, and 5 trigger a significant ellipticine release of 88% after 98 h, 83% after 98 h, and 79% after 122 h, respectively. The release mechanism of ellipticine from the core-shell polymer matrix under acidic conditions is explored. The synthesis and encapsulation process developed herein provides a new perspective for the development of appropriate delivery systems to deliver the ellipticine and its analogues, as well as other types of hydrophobic drugs to a given target cell or tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1.
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26
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O'Sullivan EC, Miller CM, Deane FM, McCarthy FO. Emerging Targets in the Bioactivity of Ellipticines and Derivatives. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62615-8.00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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27
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Schmidt AW, Reddy KR, Knölker HJ. Occurrence, Biogenesis, and Synthesis of Biologically Active Carbazole Alkaloids. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3193-328. [PMID: 22480243 DOI: 10.1021/cr200447s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 899] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arndt W. Schmidt
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kethiri R. Reddy
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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28
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Miller CM, McCarthy FO. Isolation, biological activity and synthesis of the natural product ellipticine and related pyridocarbazoles. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20584j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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Miller CM, O'Sullivan EC, Devine KJ, McCarthy FO. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel isoellipticine derivatives and salts. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7912-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26181b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Kizek R, Adam V, Hrabeta J, Eckschlager T, Smutny S, Burda JV, Frei E, Stiborova M. Anthracyclines and ellipticines as DNA-damaging anticancer drugs: Recent advances. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 133:26-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Banerjee S, Pabbathi A, Sekhar MC, Samanta A. Dual Fluorescence of Ellipticine: Excited State Proton Transfer from Solvent versus Solvent Mediated Intramolecular Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9217-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Pabbathi
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - M. Chandra Sekhar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Anunay Samanta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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32
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Chaitanya TK, Nagarajan R. Synthesis of functionalized ellipticinium and ellipticine derivatives via electrophilic cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4662-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05258f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Stiborová M, Rupertová M, Frei E. Cytochrome P450- and peroxidase-mediated oxidation of anticancer alkaloid ellipticine dictates its anti-tumor efficiency. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:175-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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34
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Lee HY, Chen GS, Chen CS, Chern JW. Efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of ellipticine throughN-(1,4-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-3-ylmethyl)-N- tosylaminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Ohashi M, Oki T. Overview Oncologic, Endocrine & Metabolic: Oncologic, Endocrine & Metabolic :Ellipticine and related anticancer agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.6.12.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Knölker HJ, Reddy KR. Biological and Pharmacological Activities of Carbazole Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Formisyn P, Danna AM, Bourgois J. Analysis of 9-Hydroxy Ellipticine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079508010458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Formisyn
- a Laboratory of Ingénierie de l'Environnement Centre Simade
| | - A. M. Danna
- b Laboratory of Génie Enzymatique Centre Spin Ecole des Mines 158, cours Fauriel , F 42023, Saint-Etienne , Cedex , 2 , France
| | - J. Bourgois
- a Laboratory of Ingénierie de l'Environnement Centre Simade
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38
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Liu J, Zeng F, Allen C. Influence of serum protein on polycarbonate-based copolymer micelles as a delivery system for a hydrophobic anti-cancer agent. J Control Release 2005; 103:481-97. [PMID: 15763628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new micelle system formed from methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-b-poly (5-benzyloxy-trimethylene carbonate; MePEG-b-PBTMC 5000-b-4800) was investigated as a delivery system for the hydrophobic anti-cancer agent, ellipticine. The ellipticine was loaded into the MePEG-b-PBTMC micelles with a loading efficiency of 95% using a high-pressure extrusion technique. The ellipticine-loaded micelles have a spherical morphology and an average diameter of 96 nm. The anti-cancer activity of ellipticine was confirmed to be retained following formulation in the MePEG-b-PBTMC micelles. The extent of protein adsorption to the MePEG-b-PBTMC micelles was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and gel filtration chromatography. Overall, the amount of protein both loosely and tightly associated with the micelles was found to be minimal and insignificant. The partitioning properties of ellipticine between an aqueous medium containing protein and the MePEG-b-PBTMC micelles were examined over a range of protein concentrations. Under physiologically relevant conditions, it was found that 61% of the drug remained within the micelle fraction while 39% was in the protein-containing aqueous phase. In addition, the in vitro drug release profile of ellipticine from the micelles was fit using a modified Higuchi model and found to be accelerated in the presence of protein. These studies demonstrate that although there are no significant interactions between micelle and protein, the properties of the micelle as a delivery vehicle may be strongly influenced by protein-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubo Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 19 Russell St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S2
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39
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Nagarajan R, Perumal PT. A Facile Method for the Synthesis of Acetylcarbazoles and Carbazole Aldehydes. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120038488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Knölker HJ, Reddy KR. Isolation and synthesis of biologically active carbazole alkaloids. Chem Rev 2002; 102:4303-427. [PMID: 12428991 DOI: 10.1021/cr020059j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1081] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Mathé G. The failure of HAART to cure the HIV-1/AIDS complex. Suggestions to add integrase inhibitors as complementary virostatics, and to replace their continuous long combination applications by short sequences differing by drug rotations. Biomed Pharmacother 2001; 55:295-300. [PMID: 11478579 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(01)00074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While the intensive virostatic combinations applied according to the conventional models (such as HAART), based only on the attacks of two HIV-1 targets, retrotranscriptase and protease, and applied in a long and continuous fashion, a) are notably toxic, b) do not correct completely the abnormal immunologic parameters, and c) are followed by particularly severe and poorly sensitive relapses in case of discontinuation, we propose to the 'AIDS treatment headquarters' to include in their failing strategy the two original features which we have included in the treatment of a cohort of a dozen patients, treatment applied at all but one AIDS stage. We attack one more HIV-1 target than the conventional protocols do, by adding inhibitors of integrase; we apply the combinations of virostatics, comprising inhibitors of the three targets, in short sequences (of 3 weeks), between which the analogues are changed inside each series. The first patient of the cohort started his treatment 8.5 years ago, and the entries of the others into it have been at random and not randomized. All patients are alive today and in excellent condition.
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Le Mée S, Chaminade F, Delaporte C, Markovits J, Saucier JM, Jacquemin-Sablon A. Cellular resistance to the antitumor DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor S16020-2: importance of the N-[2(Dimethylamino)ethyl]carbamoyl side chain. Mol Pharmacol 2000; 58:709-18. [PMID: 10999940 DOI: 10.1124/mol.58.4.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The new olivacine derivative S16020-2 (NSC-659687) is a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor endowed with a remarkable antitumor activity against various experimental tumors. In vitro physicochemical properties of this compound, in particular its interaction with DNA and DNA topoisomerase II, were very similar to those of ellipticine derivatives, except for a strictly ATP-dependent mechanism of cleavable complex induction. From the Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line DC-3F, a subline resistant to S16020-2, named DC-3F/S16, was selected by adding stepwise increasing concentrations of the drug to the cell growth medium. Whereas DC-3F/9-OH-E cells, a DC-3F subline resistant to 9-hydroxy-ellipticine, are cross-resistant to S16020-2, DC-3F/S16 cells are only very weakly cross-resistant to ellipticine derivatives, indicating that, despite their structural similarity, these compounds may differ in their mechanisms of action. Uptake and efflux rates of S16020-2 were identical in the resistant and the sensitive cells. Topoisomerase IIalpha was expressed at the same level in both sensitive and resistant cells, whereas expression of the beta-enzyme was approximately 50% lower in the resistant cells. Sequencing of both alpha- and beta-isoform cDNAs revealed a point mutation that converts Arg(486) to a Gly in the alpha cDNA, whereas the beta cDNA was not modified. This amino acid substitution in a highly conserved sequence of the enzyme appears to be responsible for the resistance to S16020-2. Comparative analysis of the properties of the ellipticine and S16020-2-resistant cells suggests that S16020-2, which is a DNA intercalator, might also interact with this enzyme amino acid sequence through its side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Le Mée
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8532, Physico-chimie et Pharmacologie des Macromolécules Biologiques, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Mans DR, da Rocha AB, Schwartsmann G. Anti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil: targeted plant collection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancer compounds. Oncologist 2000; 5:185-98. [PMID: 10884497 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.5-3-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout medical history, plant products have been shown to be valuable sources of novel anti-cancer drugs. Examples are the VINCA: alkaloids, the taxanes, and the camptothecins, derived from the Madagscan periwinkle plant Catharantus roseus, the Pacific yew Taxus brevifolia, and the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata, respectively. For this reason, the South-American Office for Anti-Cancer Drug Development has implemented a large-scale project of acquisition and testing of compounds isolated from South American medicinal plants. The species are selected on the basis of a potentially useful phytochemical composition by consulting ethnopharmacological, chemosystemic, and ecological information. The collected samples are dried and first extracted with an organic solvent, then with distilled water. These crude extracts are evaluated at a concentration of 50 microg/ml for antiproliferative activity against one cell line. Extracts that significantly inhibit the growth of the cells (>/=50%) at relatively low concentrations (</=50 microg/ml) are submitted to the more comprehensive disease-oriented screen of the U.S. National Cancer Institute. In parallel, these samples are further purified by bioassay-guided purification, involving repeated fractionation by diverse chromatography methods. If the active substance is expected to represent a novel structure, it is identified by appropriate chemical techniques, mechanistic studies are performed with a wide diversity of tumor models and laboratory techniques, and efforts are undertaken for the synthesis of potentially more useful analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Mans
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CINCAN), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Mathé G. The non-enumerable described retrovirus integrase inhibitors are not a lure, as evidenced by ten years of clinical experience. Biomed Pharmacother 2000; 54:3-6. [PMID: 10721455 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(00)88633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two retrovirus integrase inhibitors have been discovered on the c-erb proto-oncogene test in 1989, acriflavine and hydroxymethylellipticine. A ten-year follow-up of their applications to individual treatments of AIDS patients has provided evidence of their HIV-1 (even AZT-resistant) virostatic efficacy, as of their possible clinical use without toxicity. Hundreds of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors have recently been discovered with an in vitro test. The clinical effect of vitamin B12, which belongs to them, has already been observed in patients with one-year follow-up. A positive coordination of return to this Eden of HIV-1-AIDS complex pharmacology must be organized at the highest scientific, and not at the politico-administrative level.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mathé
- Institut de Cancérologie et d'Immunologie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
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Mathé G. Why have ten or so nontoxic, retrovirus integrase inhibitors not been made available for AIDS treatment? A ten-year experience [correction of experiment] must liberate them. Biomed Pharmacother 1999; 53:484-6. [PMID: 10665342 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(00)88107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected in 1989, with the inhibitor test of proviral insertion into c-erb B erythroblastosis, two retrovirus integrase inhibitors: hydroxy-methyl-ellipticine and acriflavine. They have been used for ten years in AIDS patients with high efficacy and no toxicity. Since vitamin B12 and cobalt, which it contains, have been detected as HIV1-integrase inhibitors by an in-vitro test, we have also used vitamin B12 (combined with folic acid), whose clinical action has been remarkable. Ten or so other compounds have been detected by such in-vitro tests, among which there are many compounds (such as flavones) which are used in many conditions and are not toxic.
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Skarin T, Rozell BL, Bergman J, Toftgård R, Möller L. Protection against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced skin-hyperplasia and tumor promotion, in a two-stage carcinogenesis mouse model, by the 2,3-dimethyl-6(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-6H-indolo-[2,3-b]quinoxaline analogue of ellipticine. Chem Biol Interact 1999; 122:89-106. [PMID: 10528995 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(99)00117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of topical applications of 2,3-dimethyl-6(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-6H-indolo-[2,3-b]quinoxaline (B-220), on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or benzoylperoxide (BPO) induced promotion of skin tumors and hyperplasia were studied in female SENCAR mice. Papillomas were induced by initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), followed by promotion biweekly with TPA or BPO. Administration of B-220 1 h before TPA promotion resulted in a prolonged latency period of tumor appearance and a significantly reduced (up to 15% of positive controls) papilloma yield at 20 weeks. Moreover, if B-220 treatment was terminated after 20 weeks and TPA treatment continued, papilloma development resumed indicating that initiated tumor cells were still present but were unable to grow with B-220 present. If B-220 pretreatment was not given during the first 10 weeks of TPA promotion, incidence at 20 weeks was not reduced but tumor multiplicity was still decreased. In addition a marked reduction of the TPA induced sustained epidermal hyperplasia was observed in the long term experiment. Neither the inflammatory response nor the increase in the number of apoptotic cells seen in short term experiment after a single TPA treatment were inhibited by B-220. B-220 administration before BPO promotion had no effect on the appearance of BPO induced papillomas or epidermal hyperplasia, suggesting that TPA and BPO promote tumor formation via at least partially different mechanisms. In experiments where B-220 was applied topically 1 h before DMBA initiation, little or no effect was seen. No morphological changes in mouse skin due to long term exposure (two times/week, 39 weeks) to B-220 were found. In conclusion, we present evidence that B-220 is a potent inhibitor of mouse skin tumor promotion by TPA, but has little effect on the initiation step or the survival of initiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Skarin
- Department of Biosciences, Karolinska Institute, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
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Mathé G, Morette C, Hallard M, Blanquet D. Combinations of three or four HIV virostatics applied in short sequences which differ from each other by drug rotation. Preliminary results of the viral loads and CD4 numbers. Biomed Pharmacother 1998; 51:417-26. [PMID: 9863499 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(97)82319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the evolution during its follow-up of a virostatic combination study of the type I-II trial conducted on ten AIDS-related complex (ARC) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients [1, 9, respectively]. Its concept is based on the following original notions: a) it is not the number of the virostatics applied to each patient at any phase which determines their effect; it is the number of affected virus targets which determines the effect. Thus, the so called "tritherapies", imposed by the "AIDS Command" to thousands of patients selected at random, to be compared to the same number of subjects receiving only "bi" or "monotherapies", might be beginning to face failure because they attack only two targets: retro-transcriptase and HIV1 protease. Having discovered, owing to our experimental screening, original HIV1 virostatics, acriflavine (ACF) and several ellipticine analogues among which we have used methyl-hydroxy-ellipticine (MHE), we are able to attack two virus targets unaffected by classical virostatics: ACF attacks DNA, from its integrated double branched stage to the provirus one, and MHE inhibits topoisomerase II. We experimentally combined these two agents with AZT, which inhibits retro-transcriptase, thus we realized a combination affecting three targets. This three agent combination was able to eradicate Friend's virus from infected mice. Clinically, combinations of three drugs affecting four targets (as they are selected among the ten virostatics available today) give a stronger result than three drug combinations affecting only three targets, because they were selected from the five virostatics which were the only ones available at the beginning of the present study. Five patients out of five who received the combinations of four virostatics chosen among the ten currently available (thus affecting four targets) from the beginning of their treatment to the present have all reduced their viral load (VL) and maintained it below the detectable level (< 200 RNA copies/mL then 20 copies/mL); b) as the toxicities of virostatics and as HIV1 resistances may happen as soon as 12 weeks of treatment, the combinations have been, in our study, applied in shorter (3 week) sequences, differing from each other due to drug rotation; c) neither toxicity nor resistance occurred; d) curiously, the CD4 numbers, even when they increased rapidly, has never attained their normal count, and their curve may be a Gombertzian one. This CD4 restoration limitation can be due to persisting virus, as indicated in some patients by small peaks which may appear on some VL plateaus, though they disappear without treatment change.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mathé
- Institut de Cancérologie et d'Immunologie & Hôpital Suisse de Paris, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
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Ferlin MG, Chiarelotto G, Marzano C, Severin E, Baccichetti F, Carlassare F, Simonato M, Bordin F. Synthesis and biological properties of a new series of N-pyrido substituted tetrahydrocarbazoles. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 1998; 53:431-7. [PMID: 9764477 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(98)00048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of methyl and ethyl quaternary pyridiniumtetrahydrocarbazoles was synthesized and studied in comparison with ellipticine, chosen as a reference. In general, their antiproliferative activity, tested in different biological substrates, appeared to be higher than that of the corresponding non-quaternarized compounds. This fact could be attributed to the introduction of a positive charge in the molecule, which can stabilize the molecular complex they form with DNA. In a prokaryotic system, the T2 bacteriophage, both quaternarized and non-quaternarized compounds inhibited its infectivity moderately, in a similar way to ellipticine. This effect seemed to be connected to a direct activity on the virions rather than on the indicator bacteria. In mammalian cells, the pyridiniumtetrahydrocarbazoles were more effective. In particular, they appeared to be very active in inhibiting DNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites cells; some of them were as effective as ellipticine. However, pyridiniumtetrahydrocarbazoles were less active in comparison with ellipticine when their capacity for inhibiting the clonal growth in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was tested. A similar picture was obtained studying the formation of chromosome aberrations and of sister chromatid exchanges in the same cells. These different responses can be explained considering that the data on DNA synthesis reflect effects only on DNA replication within a short time, without considering any later consequences; on the contrary, in the long-term tests, other events, which lead to cell killing or genotoxicity, can take place. Pyridiniumtetrahydrocarbazoles damage DNA, inducing double-strand breaks efficiently. These observations, together with the data already obtained on unsubstituted derivatives, suggest the pyridiniumtetrahydrocarbazoles induce antiproliferative and genotoxic effects, very probably by inhibiting topoisomerase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ferlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centro di Studio sulla Chimica del Farmaco e dei Prodotti Biologicamente Attivi del CNR (associated with the National Institute for the Chemistry of Biological Systems), Padua University, Italy
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