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Englisch CN, Kirstein E, Diebolt CM, Wagner M, Tschernig T. Distribution of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in the human exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155403. [PMID: 38870712 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression and function of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in the pancreas is a controversial topic. Investigation in human tissue is seldom. We aimed to provide here a detailed description of the distribution of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in the human exocrine and endocrine pancreas. METHODS We collected healthy samples from cadavers (n = 4) and visceral surgery (n = 4) to investigate the respective expression profiles using immunohistochemical tracing with knockout-validated antibodies. RESULTS TRPC3- and TRPC6-proteins were detected in different pancreatic structures including acinar cells, as well as epithelial ductal cells from intercalate, intralobular, and interlobular ducts. Respective connective tissue layers appeared unstained. Endocrine islets of Langerhans were clearly and homogenously immunolabeled by the anti-TRPC3 and anti-TRPC6 antibodies. Insular α, β, γ, and δ cells were conclusively stained, although no secure differentiation of cell types was performed. CONCLUSIONS Due to aforementioned antibody specificity verification, protein expression in the immunolabeled localizations can be accepted. Our study in human tissue supports previous investigations especially with respect to acinar and insular α and β cells, while other localizations are here reported for the first time to express TRPC3 and TRPC6, ultimately warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colya N Englisch
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
| | - Emilie Kirstein
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Coline M Diebolt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Mathias Wagner
- Department of General and Special Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
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Souza-Tavares H, Miranda CS, Vasques-Monteiro IML, Sandoval C, Santana-Oliveira DA, Silva-Veiga FM, Fernandes-da-Silva A, Souza-Mello V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as targets to treat metabolic diseases: Focus on the adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4136-4155. [PMID: 37475842 PMCID: PMC10354577 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i26.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is experiencing reflections of the intersection of two pandemics: Obesity and coronavirus disease 2019. The prevalence of obesity has tripled since 1975 worldwide, representing substantial public health costs due to its comorbidities. The adipose tissue is the initial site of obesity impairments. During excessive energy intake, it undergoes hyperplasia and hypertrophy until overt inflammation and insulin resistance turn adipocytes into dysfunctional cells that send lipotoxic signals to other organs. The pancreas is one of the organs most affected by obesity. Once lipotoxicity becomes chronic, there is an increase in insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells, a surrogate for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These alterations threaten the survival of the pancreatic islets, which tend to become dysfunctional, reaching exhaustion in the long term. As for the liver, lipotoxicity favors lipogenesis and impairs beta-oxidation, resulting in hepatic steatosis. This silent disease affects around 30% of the worldwide population and can evolve into end-stage liver disease. Although therapy for hepatic steatosis remains to be defined, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activation copes with T2DM management. Peroxisome PPARs are transcription factors found at the intersection of several metabolic pathways, leading to insulin resistance relief, improved thermogenesis, and expressive hepatic steatosis mitigation by increasing mitochondrial beta-oxidation. This review aimed to update the potential of PPAR agonists as targets to treat metabolic diseases, focusing on adipose tissue plasticity and hepatic and pancreatic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno 5310431, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Department of Anatomy, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil
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Giarrizzo M, LaComb JF, Bialkowska AB. The Role of Krüppel-like Factors in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108589. [PMID: 37239940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors with three highly conserved zinc finger domains in the C-terminus. They regulate homeostasis, development, and disease progression in many tissues. It has been shown that KLFs play an essential role in the endocrine and exocrine compartments of the pancreas. They are necessary to maintain glucose homeostasis and have been implicated in the development of diabetes. Furthermore, they can be a vital tool in enabling pancreas regeneration and disease modeling. Finally, the KLF family contains proteins that act as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. A subset of members has a biphasic function, being upregulated in the early stages of oncogenesis and stimulating its progression and downregulated in the late stages to allow for tumor dissemination. Here, we describe KLFs' function in pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giarrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joseph F LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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De la Cruz-Concepción B, Flores-Cortez YA, Barragán-Bonilla MI, Mendoza-Bello JM, Espinoza-Rojo M. Insulin: A connection between pancreatic β cells and the hypothalamus. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:76-91. [PMID: 36926659 PMCID: PMC10011898 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a hormone secreted by pancreatic β cells. The concentration of glucose in circulation is proportional to the secretion of insulin by these cells. In target cells, insulin binds to its receptors and activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, inducing different mechanisms depending on the cell type. In the liver it activates the synthesis of glycogen, in adipose tissue and muscle it allows the capture of glucose, and in the hypothalamus, it regulates thermogenesis and appetite. Defects in insulin function [insulin resistance (IR)] are related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases in obese people. Furthermore, in obesity and diabetes, its role as an anorexigenic hormone in the hypothalamus is diminished during IR. Therefore, hyperphagia prevails, which aggravates hyper-glycemia and IR further, becoming a vicious circle in which the patient cannot regulate their need to eat. Uncontrolled calorie intake induces an increase in reactive oxygen species, overcoming cellular antioxidant defenses (oxidative stress). Reactive oxygen species activate stress-sensitive kinases, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, that induce phos-phorylation in serine residues in the insulin receptor, which blocks the insulin signaling pathway, continuing the mechanism of IR. The brain and pancreas are organs mainly affected by oxidative stress. The use of drugs that regulate food intake and improve glucose metabolism is the conventional therapy to improve the quality of life of these patients. Currently, the use of antioxidants that regulate oxidative stress has given good results because they reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, and they also have fewer side effects than synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda De la Cruz-Concepción
- Molecular and Genomic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Yaccil Adilene Flores-Cortez
- Molecular and Genomic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Martha Isela Barragán-Bonilla
- Molecular and Genomic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Juan Miguel Mendoza-Bello
- Molecular and Genomic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Monica Espinoza-Rojo
- Molecular and Genomic Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico
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Abstract
The basic pancreatic lesions include location, size, shape, number, capsule, calcification/calculi, hemorrhage, cystic degeneration, fibrosis, pancreatic duct alterations, and microvessel. One or more basic lesions form a kind of pancreatic disease. As recognizing the characteristic imaging features of pancreatic basic lesions and their relationships with pathology aids in differentiating the variety of pancreatic diseases. The purpose of this study is to review the pathological and imaging features of the basic pancreatic lesions.
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Li J, Liao G, Sun W, Sun J, Sheng T, Zhu K, von Deneen KM, Zhang Y. A 2.5D semantic segmentation of the pancreas using attention guided dual context embedded U-Net. Neurocomputing 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2022.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Zhu M, Liu X, Liu W, Lu Y, Cheng J, Chen Y. β cell aging and age-related diabetes. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7691-7706. [PMID: 33686020 PMCID: PMC7993693 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and loss of β cell mass and function. Aging is considered as a major risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes. However, the roles of pancreatic β cell senescence and systemic aging in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in elderly people remain poorly understood. In this review, we aimed to discuss the current findings and viewpoints focusing on β cell aging and the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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L’îlot pancréatique : ce que nous savons 150 ans après Langerhans. BULLETIN DE L'ACADÉMIE NATIONALE DE MÉDECINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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