1
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Doorn N. Unraveling Dravet Syndrome: Exploring the complex effects of sodium channel mutations on neuronal networks. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504231225076. [PMID: 38373395 PMCID: PMC10878221 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231225076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Dravet Syndrome (DS) is a severe developmental epileptic encephalopathy with frequent intractable seizures accompanied by cognitive impairment, often caused by pathogenic variants in SCN1A encoding sodium channel NaV1.1. Recent research utilizing in vitro patient-derived neuronal networks and accompanying in silico models uncovered that not just sodium-but also potassium-and synaptic currents were impaired in DS networks. Here, we explore the implications of these findings for three questions that remain elusive in DS: How do sodium channel impairments result in epilepsy? How can identical variants lead to varying phenotypes? What mechanisms underlie the developmental delay in DS patients? We speculate that impaired potassium currents might be a secondary effect to NaV1.1 mutations and could result in hyperexcitable neurons and epileptic networks. Moreover, we reason that homeostatic plasticity is actively engaged in DS networks, possibly affecting the phenotype and impairing learning and development when driven to extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Doorn
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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2
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Colameo D, Rajman M, Soutschek M, Bicker S, von Ziegler L, Bohacek J, Winterer J, Germain PL, Dieterich C, Schratt G. Pervasive compartment-specific regulation of gene expression during homeostatic synaptic scaling. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52094. [PMID: 34396684 PMCID: PMC8490987 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic scaling is a form of homeostatic plasticity which allows neurons to adjust their action potential firing rate in response to chronic alterations in neural activity. Synaptic scaling requires profound changes in gene expression, but the relative contribution of local and cell‐wide mechanisms is controversial. Here we perform a comprehensive multi‐omics characterization of the somatic and process compartments of primary rat hippocampal neurons during synaptic scaling. We uncover both highly compartment‐specific and correlating changes in the neuronal transcriptome and proteome. Whereas downregulation of crucial regulators of neuronal excitability occurs primarily in the somatic compartment, structural components of excitatory postsynapses are mostly downregulated in processes. Local inhibition of protein synthesis in processes during scaling is confirmed for candidate synaptic proteins. Motif analysis further suggests an important role for trans‐acting post‐transcriptional regulators, including RNA‐binding proteins and microRNAs, in the local regulation of the corresponding mRNAs. Altogether, our study indicates that, during synaptic scaling, compartmentalized gene expression changes might co‐exist with neuron‐wide mechanisms to allow synaptic computation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Colameo
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marek Rajman
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Soutschek
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Bicker
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas von Ziegler
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Behavioural and Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Bohacek
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Behavioural and Molecular Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Winterer
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Statistical Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III and Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Mele M, Vieira R, Correia B, De Luca P, Duarte FV, Pinheiro PS, Duarte CB. Transient incubation of cultured hippocampal neurons in the absence of magnesium induces rhythmic and synchronized epileptiform-like activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11374. [PMID: 34059735 PMCID: PMC8167095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture models are important tools to study epileptogenesis mechanisms. The aim of this work was to characterize the spontaneous and synchronized rhythmic activity developed by cultured hippocampal neurons after transient incubation in zero Mg2+ to model Status Epilepticus. Cultured hippocampal neurons were transiently incubated with a Mg2+-free solution and the activity of neuronal networks was evaluated using single cell calcium imaging and whole-cell current clamp recordings. Here we report the development of synchronized and spontaneous [Ca2+]i transients in cultured hippocampal neurons immediately after transient incubation in a Mg2+-free solution. Spontaneous and synchronous [Ca2+]i oscillations were observed when the cells were then incubated in the presence of Mg2+. Functional studies also showed that transient incubation in Mg2+-free medium induces neuronal rhythmic burst activity that was prevented by antagonists of glutamate receptors. In conclusion, we report the development of epileptiform-like activity, characterized by spontaneous and synchronized discharges, in cultured hippocampal neurons transiently incubated in the absence of Mg2+. This model will allow studying synaptic alterations contributing to the hyperexcitability that underlies the development of seizures and will be useful in pharmacological studies for testing new drugs for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Mele
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Vieira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Correia
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pasqualino De Luca
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe V Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo S Pinheiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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4
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Simkin D, Marshall KA, Vanoye CG, Desai RR, Bustos BI, Piyevsky BN, Ortega JA, Forrest M, Robertson GL, Penzes P, Laux LC, Lubbe SJ, Millichap JJ, George AL, Kiskinis E. Dyshomeostatic modulation of Ca 2+-activated K + channels in a human neuronal model of KCNQ2 encephalopathy. eLife 2021; 10:64434. [PMID: 33544076 PMCID: PMC7864629 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in KCNQ2, which encodes a pore-forming K+ channel subunit responsible for neuronal M-current, cause neonatal epileptic encephalopathy, a complex disorder presenting with severe early-onset seizures and impaired neurodevelopment. The condition is exceptionally difficult to treat, partially because the effects of KCNQ2 mutations on the development and function of human neurons are unknown. Here, we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and gene editing to establish a disease model and measured the functional properties of differentiated excitatory neurons. We find that patient iPSC-derived neurons exhibit faster action potential repolarization, larger post-burst afterhyperpolarization and a functional enhancement of Ca2+-activated K+ channels. These properties, which can be recapitulated by chronic inhibition of M-current in control neurons, facilitate a burst-suppression firing pattern that is reminiscent of the interictal electroencephalography pattern in patients. Our findings suggest that dyshomeostatic mechanisms compound KCNQ2 loss-of-function leading to alterations in the neurodevelopmental trajectory of patient iPSC-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Simkin
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Kelly A Marshall
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Carlos G Vanoye
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Reshma R Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Bernabe I Bustos
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Brandon N Piyevsky
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Juan A Ortega
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Marc Forrest
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States.,Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Gabriella L Robertson
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States.,Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Linda C Laux
- Epilepsy Center and Division of Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Steven J Lubbe
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - John J Millichap
- Epilepsy Center and Division of Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States.,Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
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5
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Activity-Dependent Global Downscaling of Evoked Neurotransmitter Release across Glutamatergic Inputs in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8025-8041. [PMID: 32928887 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0349-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Within mammalian brain circuits, activity-dependent synaptic adaptations, such as synaptic scaling, stabilize neuronal activity in the face of perturbations. Stability afforded through synaptic scaling involves uniform scaling of quantal amplitudes across all synaptic inputs formed on neurons, as well as on the postsynaptic side. It remains unclear whether activity-dependent uniform scaling also operates within peripheral circuits. We tested for such scaling in a Drosophila larval neuromuscular circuit, where the muscle receives synaptic inputs from different motoneurons. We used motoneuron-specific genetic manipulations to increase the activity of only one motoneuron and recordings of postsynaptic currents from inputs formed by the different motoneurons. We discovered an adaptation which caused uniform downscaling of evoked neurotransmitter release across all inputs through decreases in release probabilities. This "presynaptic downscaling" maintained the relative differences in neurotransmitter release across all inputs around a homeostatic set point, caused a compensatory decrease in synaptic drive to the muscle affording robust and stable muscle activity, and was induced within hours. Presynaptic downscaling was associated with an activity-dependent increase in Drosophila vesicular glutamate transporter expression. Activity-dependent uniform scaling can therefore manifest also on the presynaptic side to produce robust and stable circuit outputs. Within brain circuits, uniform downscaling on the postsynaptic side is implicated in sleep- and memory-related processes. Our results suggest that evaluation of such processes might be broadened to include uniform downscaling on the presynaptic side.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To date, compensatory adaptations which stabilise target cell activity through activity-dependent global scaling have been observed only within central circuits, and on the postsynaptic side. Considering that maintenance of stable activity is imperative for the robust function of the nervous system as a whole, we tested whether activity-dependent global scaling could also manifest within peripheral circuits. We uncovered a compensatory adaptation which causes global scaling within a peripheral circuit and on the presynaptic side through uniform downscaling of evoked neurotransmitter release. Unlike in central circuits, uniform scaling maintains functionality over a wide, rather than a narrow, operational range, affording robust and stable activity. Activity-dependent global scaling therefore operates on both the presynaptic and postsynaptic sides to maintain target cell activity.
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6
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Gavrilovici C, Jiang Y, Kiroski I, Teskey GC, Rho JM, Nguyen MD. Postnatal Role of the Cytoskeleton in Adult Epileptogenesis. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa024. [PMID: 32864616 PMCID: PMC7446231 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in cytoskeletal proteins can cause early infantile and childhood epilepsies by misplacing newly born neurons and altering neuronal connectivity. In the adult epileptic brain, cytoskeletal disruption is often viewed as being secondary to aberrant neuronal activity and/or death, and hence simply represents an epiphenomenon. Here, we review the emerging evidence collected in animal models and human studies implicating the cytoskeleton as a potential causative factor in adult epileptogenesis. Based on the emerging evidence, we propose that cytoskeletal disruption may be an important pathogenic mechanism in the mature epileptic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Gavrilovici
- Departments of Neurosciences & Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Yulan Jiang
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ivana Kiroski
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - G Campbell Teskey
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jong M Rho
- Departments of Neurosciences & Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
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7
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MicroRNAs as regulators of brain function and targets for treatment of epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:506-519. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Denoyer Y, Merlet I, Wendling F, Benquet P. Modelling acute and lasting effects of tDCS on epileptic activity. J Comput Neurosci 2020; 48:161-176. [DOI: 10.1007/s10827-020-00745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Neuronal networks maintain stable activity around a given set point, an enigmatic variable in homeostatic systems. In this issue of Neuron, Styr et al. (2019) now show that set points are regulated by mitochondria and propose a potential strategy to treat refractory forms of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Uytterhoeven
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie Kaempf
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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O'Leary H, Vanderlinden L, Southard L, Castano A, Saba LM, Benke TA. Transcriptome analysis of rat dorsal hippocampal CA1 after an early life seizure induced by kainic acid. Epilepsy Res 2020; 161:106283. [PMID: 32062370 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seizures that occur during early development are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Causation and mechanisms are currently under investigation. Induction of an early life seizure by kainic acid (KA) in immature rats on post-natal day (P) 7 results in behavioral changes in the adult rat that reflect social and intellectual deficits without overt cellular damage. Our previous work also demonstrated increased expression of CA1 hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and reduced desensitization of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA-R) one week following a kainic acid induced seizure (KA-ELS). Here we used RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of mRNA from dorsal hippocampal CA1 to probe changes in mRNA levels one week following KA-ELS as a means to investigate the mechanisms for these functional changes. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) confirmed our previous results by predicting an up-regulation of the synaptic LTP pathway. Differential gene expression results revealed significant differences in 7 gene isoforms. Additional assessments included AMPA-R splice variants and adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2) editing sites as a means to determine the mechanism for reduced AMPA-R desensitization. Splice variant analysis demonstrated that KA-ELS result in a small, but significant decrease in the "flop" isoform of Gria3, and editing site analysis revealed significant changes in the editing of a kainate receptor subunit, Grik2, and a serotonin receptor, Htr2c. While these specific changes may not account for altered AMPA-R desensitization, the differences indicate that KA-ELS alters gene expression in the hippocampal CA1 one week after the insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather O'Leary
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States.
| | - Lauren Vanderlinden
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, 80045, United States.
| | - Lara Southard
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, United States.
| | - Anna Castano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States.
| | - Laura M Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, 80045, United States.
| | - Tim A Benke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States.
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11
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Dubes S, Favereaux A, Thoumine O, Letellier M. miRNA-Dependent Control of Homeostatic Plasticity in Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:536. [PMID: 31866828 PMCID: PMC6906196 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity is a form of plasticity in which neurons compensate for changes in neuronal activity through the control of key physiological parameters such as the number and the strength of their synaptic inputs and intrinsic excitability. Recent studies revealed that miRNAs, which are small non-coding RNAs repressing mRNA translation, participate in this process by controlling the translation of multiple effectors such as glutamate transporters, receptors, signaling molecules and voltage-gated ion channels. In this review, we present and discuss the role of miRNAs in both cell-wide and compartmentalized forms of homeostatic plasticity as well as their implication in pathological processes associated with homeostatic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Dubes
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Favereaux
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Thoumine
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Letellier
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
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12
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Wang Q, Chiu SL, Koropouli E, Hong I, Mitchell S, Easwaran TP, Hamilton NR, Gustina AS, Zhu Q, Ginty DD, Huganir RL, Kolodkin AL. Neuropilin-2/PlexinA3 Receptors Associate with GluA1 and Mediate Sema3F-Dependent Homeostatic Scaling in Cortical Neurons. Neuron 2017; 96:1084-1098.e7. [PMID: 29154130 PMCID: PMC5726806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) number at synapses is a major mechanism for controlling synaptic strength during homeostatic scaling in response to global changes in neural activity. We show that the secreted guidance cue semaphorin 3F (Sema3F) and its neuropilin-2 (Npn-2)/plexinA3 (PlexA3) holoreceptor mediate homeostatic plasticity in cortical neurons. Sema3F-Npn-2/PlexA3 signaling is essential for cell surface AMPAR homeostatic downscaling in response to an increase in neuronal activity, Npn-2 associates with AMPARs, and Sema3F regulates this interaction. Therefore, Sema3F-Npn-2/PlexA3 signaling controls both synapse development and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shu-Ling Chiu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eleftheria Koropouli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ingie Hong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sarah Mitchell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Teresa P Easwaran
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Natalie R Hamilton
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ahleah S Gustina
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qianwen Zhu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David D Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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13
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Wykes RC, Lignani G. Gene therapy and editing: Novel potential treatments for neuronal channelopathies. Neuropharmacology 2017; 132:108-117. [PMID: 28564577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical treatment can be inadequate, non-effective, or intolerable for many people suffering from a neuronal channelopathy. Development of novel treatment options, particularly those with the potential to be curative is warranted. Gene therapy approaches can permit cell-specific modification of neuronal and circuit excitability and have been investigated experimentally as a therapy for numerous neurological disorders, with clinical trials for several neurodegenerative diseases ongoing. Channelopathies can arise from a wide array of gene mutations; however they usually result in periods of aberrant network excitability. Therefore gene therapy strategies based on up or downregulation of genes that modulate neuronal excitability may be effective therapy for a wide range of neuronal channelopathies. As many channelopathies are paroxysmal in nature, optogenetic or chemogenetic approaches may be well suited to treat the symptoms of these diseases. Recent advances in gene-editing technologies such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system could in the future result in entirely novel treatment for a channelopathy by repairing disease-causing channel mutations at the germline level. As the brain may develop and wire abnormally as a consequence of an inherited or de novo channelopathy, the choice of optimal gene therapy or gene editing strategy will depend on the time of intervention (germline, neonatal or adult). This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Channelopathies.'
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Wykes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
| | - G Lignani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
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14
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Rajman M, Metge F, Fiore R, Khudayberdiev S, Aksoy-Aksel A, Bicker S, Ruedell Reschke C, Raoof R, Brennan GP, Delanty N, Farrell MA, O'Brien DF, Bauer S, Norwood B, Veno MT, Krüger M, Braun T, Kjems J, Rosenow F, Henshall DC, Dieterich C, Schratt G. A microRNA-129-5p/Rbfox crosstalk coordinates homeostatic downscaling of excitatory synapses. EMBO J 2017; 36:1770-1787. [PMID: 28487411 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic downscaling is a homeostatic mechanism that allows neurons to reduce firing rates during chronically elevated network activity. Although synaptic downscaling is important in neural circuit development and epilepsy, the underlying mechanisms are poorly described. We performed small RNA profiling in picrotoxin (PTX)-treated hippocampal neurons, a model of synaptic downscaling. Thereby, we identified eight microRNAs (miRNAs) that were increased in response to PTX, including miR-129-5p, whose inhibition blocked synaptic downscaling in vitro and reduced epileptic seizure severity in vivo Using transcriptome, proteome, and bioinformatic analysis, we identified the calcium pump Atp2b4 and doublecortin (Dcx) as miR-129-5p targets. Restoring Atp2b4 and Dcx expression was sufficient to prevent synaptic downscaling in PTX-treated neurons. Furthermore, we characterized a functional crosstalk between miR-129-5p and the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Rbfox1. In the absence of PTX, Rbfox1 promoted the expression of Atp2b4 and Dcx. Upon PTX treatment, Rbfox1 expression was downregulated by miR-129-5p, thereby allowing the repression of Atp2b4 and Dcx. We therefore identified a novel activity-dependent miRNA/RBP crosstalk during synaptic scaling, with potential implications for neural network homeostasis and epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Rajman
- Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Metge
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roberto Fiore
- Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sharof Khudayberdiev
- Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ayla Aksoy-Aksel
- Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Bicker
- Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Rana Raoof
- Physiology & Medical Physics Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary P Brennan
- Physiology & Medical Physics Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Sebastian Bauer
- Epilepsiezentrum Frankfurt Rhein-Main, Neurozentrum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Epilepsiezentrum Hessen - Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Braxton Norwood
- Epilepsiezentrum Frankfurt Rhein-Main, Neurozentrum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Epilepsiezentrum Hessen - Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Morten T Veno
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsiezentrum Frankfurt Rhein-Main, Neurozentrum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Epilepsiezentrum Hessen - Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - David C Henshall
- Physiology & Medical Physics Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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15
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Regulation of motoneuron excitability and the setting of homeostatic limits. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 43:1-6. [PMID: 27721083 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Stability of neural circuits is reliant on homeostatic mechanisms that return neuron activity towards pre-determined and physiologically appropriate levels. Without these mechanisms, changes due to synaptic plasticity, ageing and disease may push neural circuits towards instability. Whilst widely documented, understanding of how and when neurons determine an appropriate activity level, the so-called set-point, remains unknown. Genetically tractable model systems have greatly contributed to our understanding of neuronal homeostasis and continue to offer attractive models to explore these additional questions. This review focuses on the development of Drosophila motoneurons including defining an embryonic critical period during which these neurons encode their set-points to enable homeostatic regulation of activity.
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16
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Truszkowski TLS, Aizenman CD. Neurobiology: Setting the Set Point for Neural Homeostasis. Curr Biol 2016; 25:R1132-3. [PMID: 26654372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural homeostasis allows neural networks to maintain a dynamic range around a given set point. How this set point is determined remains unknown. New evidence shows that alterations of activity during a critical developmental period can alter the homeostatic set point, resulting in epilepsy-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos D Aizenman
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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17
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Schartz ND, Herr SA, Madsen L, Butts SJ, Torres C, Mendez LB, Brewster AL. Spatiotemporal profile of Map2 and microglial changes in the hippocampal CA1 region following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24988. [PMID: 27143585 PMCID: PMC4855223 DOI: 10.1038/srep24988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) triggers pathological changes to hippocampal dendrites that may promote epileptogenesis. The microtubule associated protein 2 (Map2) helps stabilize microtubules of the dendritic cytoskeleton. Recently, we reported a substantial decline in Map2 that coincided with robust microglia accumulation in the CA1 hippocampal region after an episode of SE. A spatial correlation between Map2 loss and reactive microglia was also reported in human cortex from refractory epilepsy. New evidence supports that microglia modulate dendritic structures. Thus, to identify a potential association between SE-induced Map2 and microglial changes, a spatiotemporal profile of these events is necessary. We used immunohistochemistry to determine the distribution of Map2 and the microglia marker IBA1 in the hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced SE from 4 hrs to 35 days. We found a decline in Map2 immunoreactivity in the CA1 area that reached minimal levels at 14 days post-SE and partially increased thereafter. In contrast, maximal microglia accumulation occurred in the CA1 area at 14 days post-SE. Our data indicate that SE-induced Map2 and microglial changes parallel each other’s spatiotemporal profiles. These findings may lay the foundation for future mechanistic studies to help identify potential roles for microglia in the dendritic pathology associated with SE and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Schartz
- Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Seth A Herr
- Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lauren Madsen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sarah J Butts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ceidy Torres
- School of Science and Technology, Universidad del Este, Carolina, PR 00984, Puerto Rico
| | - Loyda B Mendez
- School of Science and Technology, Universidad del Este, Carolina, PR 00984, Puerto Rico
| | - Amy L Brewster
- Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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18
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Astrocyte-mediated metaplasticity in the hippocampus: Help or hindrance? Neuroscience 2015; 309:113-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Boison D, Aronica E. Comorbidities in Neurology: Is adenosine the common link? Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:18-34. [PMID: 25979489 PMCID: PMC4537378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities in Neurology represent a major conceptual and therapeutic challenge. For example, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a syndrome comprised of epileptic seizures and comorbid symptoms including memory and psychiatric impairment, depression, and sleep dysfunction. Similarly, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are accompanied by various degrees of memory dysfunction. Patients with AD have an increased likelihood for seizures, whereas all four conditions share certain aspects of psychosis, depression, and sleep dysfunction. This remarkable overlap suggests common pathophysiological mechanisms, which include synaptic dysfunction and synaptotoxicity, as well as glial activation and astrogliosis. Astrogliosis is linked to synapse function via the tripartite synapse, but astrocytes also control the availability of gliotransmitters and adenosine. Here we will specifically focus on the 'adenosine hypothesis of comorbidities' implying that astrocyte activation, via overexpression of adenosine kinase (ADK), induces a deficiency in the homeostatic tone of adenosine. We present evidence from patient-derived samples showing astrogliosis and overexpression of ADK as common pathological hallmark of epilepsy, AD, PD, and ALS. We discuss a transgenic 'comorbidity model', in which brain-wide overexpression of ADK and resulting adenosine deficiency produces a comorbid spectrum of seizures, altered dopaminergic function, attentional impairment, and deficits in cognitive domains and sleep regulation. We conclude that dysfunction of adenosine signaling is common in neurological conditions, that adenosine dysfunction can explain co-morbid phenotypes, and that therapeutic adenosine augmentation might be effective for the treatment of comorbid symptoms in multiple neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlev Boison
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA.
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen (SEIN) Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands
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20
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Cooray GK, Sengupta B, Douglas P, Englund M, Wickstrom R, Friston K. Characterising seizures in anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis with dynamic causal modelling. Neuroimage 2015; 118:508-19. [PMID: 26032883 PMCID: PMC4558461 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterised the pathophysiology of seizure onset in terms of slow fluctuations in synaptic efficacy using EEG in patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) encephalitis. EEG recordings were obtained from two female patients with anti-NMDA-R encephalitis with recurrent partial seizures (ages 19 and 31). Focal electrographic seizure activity was localised using an empirical Bayes beamformer. The spectral density of reconstructed source activity was then characterised with dynamic causal modelling (DCM). Eight models were compared for each patient, to evaluate the relative contribution of changes in intrinsic (excitatory and inhibitory) connectivity and endogenous afferent input. Bayesian model comparison established a role for changes in both excitatory and inhibitory connectivity during seizure activity (in addition to changes in the exogenous input). Seizures in both patients were associated with a sequence of changes in inhibitory and excitatory connectivity; a transient increase in inhibitory connectivity followed by a transient increase in excitatory connectivity and a final peak of excitatory–inhibitory balance at seizure offset. These systematic fluctuations in excitatory and inhibitory gain may be characteristic of (anti NMDA-R encephalitis) seizures. We present these results as a case study and replication to motivate analyses of larger patient cohorts, to see whether our findings generalise and further characterise the mechanisms of seizure activity in anti-NMDA-R encephalitis. We characterised seizures in patient with anti-NMDA-R encephalitis using EEG. Dynamic causal modelling was used to estimate causes of seizure activity. Characteristic variation of excitatory–inhibitory balance during seizure activity. This variation was seen for seizures within and between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald K Cooray
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Biswa Sengupta
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Pamela Douglas
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Marita Englund
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronny Wickstrom
- Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Karl Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
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21
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Xu LJ, Liu TT, He ZG, Hong QX, Xiang HB. Hypothesis: CeM-RVLM circuits may be implicated in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy by melanocortinergic-sympathetic signaling. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 45:124-7. [PMID: 25819799 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Xu
- Department of Cardiothroracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, PR China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Qing-Xiong Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Hong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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22
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Karunanithi S, Brown IR. Heat shock response and homeostatic plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:68. [PMID: 25814928 PMCID: PMC4357293 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock response and homeostatic plasticity are mechanisms that afford functional stability to cells in the face of stress. Each mechanism has been investigated independently, but the link between the two has not been extensively explored. We explore this link. The heat shock response enables cells to adapt to stresses such as high temperature, metabolic stress and reduced oxygen levels. This mechanism results from the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) which maintain normal cellular functions by counteracting the misfolding of cellular proteins. Homeostatic plasticity enables neurons and their target cells to maintain their activity levels around their respective set points in the face of stress or disturbances. This mechanism results from the recruitment of adaptations at synaptic inputs, or at voltage-gated ion channels. In this perspective, we argue that heat shock triggers homeostatic plasticity through the production of HSPs. We also suggest that homeostatic plasticity is a form of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanker Karunanithi
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University QLD, Australia ; Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University QLD, Australia
| | - Ian R Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Gulyaeva NV. Neuronal plasticity and epilepsy: modern concepts and mechanisms of epilepsy and depression comorbidity. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:148-153. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2015115112148-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Maggio N, Vlachos A. Synaptic plasticity at the interface of health and disease: New insights on the role of endoplasmic reticulum intracellular calcium stores. Neuroscience 2014; 281:135-46. [PMID: 25264032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Work from the past 40years has unraveled a wealth of information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity and their relevance in physiological brain function. At the same time, it has been recognized that a broad range of neurological diseases may be accompanied by severe alterations in synaptic plasticity, i.e., 'maladaptive synaptic plasticity', which could initiate and sustain the remodeling of neuronal networks under pathological conditions. Nonetheless, our current knowledge on the specific contribution and interaction of distinct forms of synaptic plasticity (including metaplasticity and homeostatic plasticity) in the context of pathological brain states remains limited. This review focuses on recent experimental evidence, which highlights the fundamental role of endoplasmic reticulum-mediated Ca(2+) signals in modulating the duration, direction, extent and type of synaptic plasticity. We discuss the possibility that intracellular Ca(2+) stores may regulate synaptic plasticity and hence behavioral and cognitive functions at the interface between physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maggio
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - A Vlachos
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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