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Tay ZHY, Ng FL, Thong CH, Lee CW, Gnana Kumar G, Al-Sehemi AG, Phang SM. Evaluation of selected tropical marine microalgal cultures for use in biophotovoltaic platforms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:71. [PMID: 38194143 PMCID: PMC10776707 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the bioelectrical power generation potential of four tropical marine microalgal strains native to Malaysia was investigated using BPV platforms. Chlorella UMACC 258 produced the highest power density (0.108 mW m-2), followed by Halamphora subtropica UMACC 370 (0.090 mW m-2), Synechococcus UMACC 371 (0.065 mW m-2) and Parachlorella UMACC 245 (0.017 mW m-2). The chlorophyll-a (chl-a) content was examined to have a linear positive relationship with the power density (p < 0.05). The photosynthetic performance of strains was studied using the pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometer; parameters measured include the following: maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), alpha (α), maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax), photo-adaptive index (Ek) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The Fv/Fm values of all strains, except Synechococcus UMACC 371, ranged between 0.37 and 0.50 during exponential and stationary growth phases, suggesting their general health during those periods. The low Fv/Fm value of Synechococcus UMACC 371 was possibly caused by the presence of background fluorescence from phycobilisomes or phycobiliproteins. Electrochemical studies via cyclic voltammetry (CV) suggest the presence of electrochemically active proteins on the cellular surface of strains on the carbon anode of the BPV platform, while morphological studies via field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) imaging verify the biocompatibility of the biofilms on the carbon anode. KEY POINTS: • Maximum power output of 0.108 mW m-2 is recorded by Chlorella UMACC 258 • There is a positive correlation between chl-a content and power output • Proven biocompatibility between biofilms and carbon anode sans exogenous mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Hui-Yee Tay
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fong-Lee Ng
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Cheng-Han Thong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon-Weng Lee
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G Gnana Kumar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
- Faculty of Engineering Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Volpe C, Nymark M, Andersen T, Winge P, Lavaud J, Vadstein O. Skeletonema marinoi ecotypes show specific habitat-related responses to fluctuating light supporting high potential for growth under photobioreactor light regime. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:145-161. [PMID: 38736026 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms are a diverse group of phytoplankton usually dominating areas characterized by rapidly shifting light conditions. Because of their high growth rates and interesting biochemical profile, their biomass is considered for various commercial applications. This study aimed at identifying strains with superior growth in a photobioreactor (PBR) by screening the natural intraspecific diversity of ecotypes isolated from different habitats. We investigated the effect of PBR light fluctuating on a millisecond scale (FL, simulating the light in a PBR) on 19 ecotypes of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi isolated from the North Sea-Baltic Sea area. We compare growth, pigment ratios, phylogeny, photo-physiological variables and photoacclimation strategies between all strains and perform qPCR and absorption spectra analysis on a subset of strains. Our results show that the ecotypes responded differently to FL, and have contrasting photo-physiological and photoprotective strategies. The strains from Kattegat performed better in FL, and shared common photoacclimation and photoprotection strategies that are the results of adaptation to the specific light climate of the Kattegat area. The strains that performed better with FL conditions had a high light (HL)-acclimated phenotype coupled with unique nonphotochemical quenching features. Based on their characteristics, three strains were identified as good candidates for growth in PBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, N-7465, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Nymark
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, N-7465, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Andersen
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology (AQUA), University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johann Lavaud
- LEMAR-Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, UMR6539 CNRS, Univ Brest, Ifremer, IRD, Institut Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, rue Dumont d'Urville, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Oprei A, Schreckinger J, Franzmann I, Lee H, Mutz M, Risse-Buhl U. Light over mechanics: microbial community structure and activity in simulated migrating bedforms are controlled by oscillating light rather than by mechanical forces. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae073. [PMID: 38702847 PMCID: PMC11110858 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sandy sediments of lowland streams are transported as migrating ripples. Benthic microorganisms colonizing sandy grains are exposed to frequent moving-resting cycles and are believed to be shaped by two dominant environmental factors: mechanical stress during the moving phase causing biofilm abrasion, and alternating light-dark cycles during the resting phase. Our study consisted of two laboratory experiments and aimed to decipher which environmental factor causes the previously observed hampered sediment-associated microbial activity and altered community structure during ripple migration. The first experiment tested the effect of three different migration velocities under comparable light conditions. The second experiment compared migrating and stationary sediments under either constant light exposure or light oscillation. We hypothesized that microbial activity and community structure would be more strongly affected by (1) higher compared to lower migration velocities, and by (2) light oscillation compared to mechanical stress. Combining the results from both experiments, we observed lower microbial activity and an altered community structure in sediments exposed to light oscillation, whereas migration velocity had less impact on community activity and structure. Our findings indicate that light oscillation is the predominating environmental factor acting during ripple migration, resulting in an increased vulnerability of light-dependent photoautotrophs and a possible shift toward heterotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oprei
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Str. 7, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Chair of Aquatic Ecology, Seestr. 45, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - José Schreckinger
- BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Chair of Aquatic Ecology, Seestr. 45, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Insa Franzmann
- BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Chair of Aquatic Ecology, Seestr. 45, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Hayoung Lee
- BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Chair of Aquatic Ecology, Seestr. 45, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Michael Mutz
- BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Chair of Aquatic Ecology, Seestr. 45, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Ute Risse-Buhl
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Ecology, Department of Biolology, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 14, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of River Ecology, Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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Græsholt C, Brembu T, Volpe C, Bartosova Z, Serif M, Winge P, Nymark M. Zeaxanthin epoxidase 3 Knockout Mutants of the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Enable Commercial Production of the Bioactive Carotenoid Diatoxanthin. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:185. [PMID: 38667802 PMCID: PMC11051370 DOI: 10.3390/md22040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are pigments that have a range of functions in human health. The carotenoid diatoxanthin is suggested to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemo-preventive properties. Diatoxanthin is only produced by a few groups of microalgae, where it functions in photoprotection. Its large-scale production in microalgae is currently not feasible. In fact, rapid conversion into the inactive pigment diadinoxanthin is triggered when cells are removed from a high-intensity light source, which is the case during large-scale harvesting of microalgae biomass. Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) 2 and/or ZEP3 have been suggested to be responsible for the back-conversion of high-light accumulated diatoxanthin to diadinoxanthin in low-light in diatoms. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, we knocked out the ZEP2 and ZEP3 genes in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to investigate their role in the diadinoxanthin-diatoxanthin cycle and determine if one of the mutant strains could function as a diatoxanthin production line. Light-shift experiments proved that ZEP3 encodes the enzyme converting diatoxanthin to diadinoxanthin in low light. Loss of ZEP3 caused the high-light-accumulated diatoxanthin to be stable for several hours after the cultures had been returned to low light, suggesting that zep3 mutant strains could be suitable as commercial production lines of diatoxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Græsholt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Tore Brembu
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Zdenka Bartosova
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Manuel Serif
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Marianne Nymark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway;
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Lacour T, Robert E, Lavaud J. Sustained xanthophyll pigments-related photoprotective NPQ is involved in photoinhibition in the haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14694. [PMID: 37679420 PMCID: PMC10484918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic xanthophyll cycle (XC) related non-photochemical quenching (NPQd, also called qE) is present in most phototrophs. It allows dissipating excess light energy under adverse growing conditions. Generally, NPQd rapidly reverses for photosynthesis to resume when light intensity decreases back toward optimal intensity. Under certain environmental conditions and/or in some species, NPQ can be strongly sustained (NPQs showing hours-to-days relaxation kinetics). Tisochrysis lutea is a South Pacific haptophyte phytoplankton with a strong potential for aquaculture and biotechnology applications. It was previously reported to show a surprisingly low NPQd capacity while synthesizing large amounts of diatoxanthin (Dt), a pigment involved in the XC. In order to better understand this paradox, we investigated the characteristics of NPQ in T. lutea under various growth conditions of light and nutrient availability (different photoperiods, low and high light, nutrient starvations). We found a strong NPQs, unmeasurable with usual fluorometry protocols. Along with confirming the involvement of Dt in both NPQd and NPQs (by using the dithiothreitol inhibitor), we highlighted a strong relationship between Dt and the maximum quantum yield of photochemistry (Fv/Fm) across growing conditions and during relaxation experiments in darkness. It suggests that changes in Fv/Fm, usually attributed to the 'photoinhibitory' quenching (qI), are simultaneously largely impacted by photoprotective NPQ. The overlap of xanthophyll pigments-related photoprotective NPQ with several other mechanisms involved in the cell response (Photosystem II photoinactivation, changes in pigments composition, and detoxification by antioxidants) to energy unbalance is further discussed. Our findings question both how widespread NPQs is in the global ocean, particularly in nutrient starved environments (oligotrophic waters) and situations (post-bloom), and the use of adapted active fluorescence protocols (i.e. with extended NPQ relaxation period prior to measurement).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lacour
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, PHYSALG, 44000, Nantes, France.
| | - E Robert
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, GENALG, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - J Lavaud
- UMR 6539 LEMAR-Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, CNRS/Univ Brest/Ifremer/IRD, IUEM-Institut Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
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Buck JM, Wünsch M, Schober AF, Kroth PG, Lepetit B. Impact of Lhcx2 on Acclimation to Low Iron Conditions in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:841058. [PMID: 35371185 PMCID: PMC8967352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a cofactor of photosystems and electron carriers in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Low concentrations of dissolved iron are, therefore, the predominant factor that limits the growth of phototrophs in large parts of the open sea like the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific, resulting in "high nutrient-low chlorophyll" (HNLC) areas. Diatoms are among the most abundant microalgae in HNLC zones. Besides efficient iron uptake mechanisms, efficient photoprotection might be one of the key traits enabling them to outcompete other algae in HNLC regions. In diatoms, Lhcx proteins play a crucial role in one of the main photoprotective mechanisms, the energy-dependent fluorescence quenching (qE). The expression of Lhcx proteins is strongly influenced by various environmental triggers. We show that Lhcx2 responds specifically and in a very sensitive manner to iron limitation in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum on the same timescale as the known iron-regulated genes ISIP1 and CCHH11. By comparing Lhcx2 knockout lines with wild type cells, we reveal that a strongly increased qE under iron limitation is based on the upregulation of Lhcx2. Other observed iron acclimation phenotypes in P. tricornutum include a massively reduced chlorophyll a content/cell, a changed ratio of light harvesting and photoprotective pigments per chlorophyll a, a decreased amount of photosystem II and photosystem I cores, an increased functional photosystem II absorption cross section, and decoupled antenna complexes. H2O2 formation at photosystem I induced by high light is lowered in iron-limited cells, while the amount of total reactive oxygen species is rather increased. Our data indicate a possible reduction in singlet oxygen by Lhcx2-based qE, while the other iron acclimation phenotype parameters monitored are not affected by the amount of Lhcx2 and qE.
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Blommaert L, Chafai L, Bailleul B. The fine-tuning of NPQ in diatoms relies on the regulation of both xanthophyll cycle enzymes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12750. [PMID: 34140542 PMCID: PMC8211711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms possess an efficient mechanism to dissipate photons as heat in conditions of excess light, which is visualized as the Non-Photochemical Quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence (NPQ). In most diatom species, NPQ is proportional to the concentration of the xanthophyll cycle pigment diatoxanthin formed from diadinoxanthin by the diadinoxanthin de-epoxidase enzyme. The reverse reaction is performed by the diatoxanthin epoxidase. Despite the xanthophyll cycle's central role in photoprotection, its regulation is not yet well understood. The proportionality between diatoxanthin and NPQ allowed us to calculate the activity of both xanthophyll cycle enzymes in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum from NPQ kinetics. From there, we explored the light-dependency of the activity of both enzymes. Our results demonstrate that a tight regulation of both enzymes is key to fine-tune NPQ: (i) the rate constant of diadinoxanthin de-epoxidation is low under a light-limiting regime but increases as photosynthesis saturates, probably due to the thylakoidal proton gradient ΔpH (ii) the rate constant of diatoxanthin epoxidation exhibits an optimum under low light and decreases in the dark due to an insufficiency of the co-factor NADPH as well as in higher light through an as yet unresolved inhibition mechanism, that is unlikely to be related to the ΔpH. We observed that the suppression of NPQ by an uncoupler was due to an accelerated diatoxanthin epoxidation enzyme rather than to the usually hypothesized inhibition of the diadinoxanthin de-epoxidation enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lander Blommaert
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light Sensing in Microalgae, UMR 7141, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005, Paris, France. .,Department of Estuarine and Delta System, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 140, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands.
| | - Lamia Chafai
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light Sensing in Microalgae, UMR 7141, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Laboratory of Chloroplast Biology and Light Sensing in Microalgae, UMR 7141, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005, Paris, France.
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Nymark M, Grønbech Hafskjold MC, Volpe C, Fonseca DDM, Sharma A, Tsirvouli E, Serif M, Winge P, Finazzi G, Bones AM. Functional studies of CpSRP54 in diatoms show that the mechanism of thylakoid protein insertion differs from that in plants and green algae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:113-132. [PMID: 33372269 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast signal recognition particle 54 kDa (CpSRP54) protein is a member of the CpSRP pathway known to target proteins to thylakoid membranes in plants and green algae. Loss of CpSRP54 in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum lowers the accumulation of a selection of chloroplast-encoded subunits of photosynthetic complexes, indicating a role in the co-translational part of the CpSRP pathway. In contrast to plants and green algae, absence of CpSRP54 does not have a negative effect on the content of light-harvesting antenna complex proteins and pigments in P. tricornutum, indicating that the diatom CpSRP54 protein has not evolved to function in the post-translational part of the CpSRP pathway. Cpsrp54 KO mutants display altered photophysiological responses, with a stronger induction of photoprotective mechanisms and lower growth rates compared to wild type when exposed to increased light intensities. Nonetheless, their phenotype is relatively mild, thanks to the activation of mechanisms alleviating the loss of CpSRP54, involving upregulation of chaperones. We conclude that plants, green algae, and diatoms have evolved differences in the pathways for co-translational and post-translational insertion of proteins into the thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nymark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Marthe Caroline Grønbech Hafskjold
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Davi de Miranda Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), NTNU and Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirini Tsirvouli
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Manuel Serif
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Atle Magnar Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
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Divergence of photosynthetic strategies amongst marine diatoms. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244252. [PMID: 33370327 PMCID: PMC7769462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton, and in particular diatoms, are responsible for almost half of all primary production on Earth. Diatom species thrive from polar to tropical waters and across light environments that are highly complex to relatively benign, and so have evolved highly divergent strategies for regulating light capture and utilization. It is increasingly well established that diatoms have achieved such successful ecosystem dominance by regulating excitation energy available for generating photosynthetic energy via highly flexible light harvesting strategies. However, how different light harvesting strategies and downstream pathways for oxygen production and consumption interact to balance excitation pressure remains unknown. We therefore examined the responses of three diatom taxa adapted to inherently different light climates (estuarine Thalassioisira weissflogii, coastal Thalassiosira pseudonana and oceanic Thalassiosira oceanica) during transient shifts from a moderate to high growth irradiance (85 to 1200 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Transient high light exposure caused T. weissflogii to rapidly downregulate PSII with substantial nonphotochemical quenching, protecting PSII from inactivation or damage, and obviating the need for induction of O2 consuming (light-dependent respiration, LDR) pathways. In contrast, T. oceanica retained high excitation pressure on PSII, but with little change in RCII photochemical turnover, thereby requiring moderate repair activity and greater reliance on LDR. T. pseudonana exhibited an intermediate response compared to the other two diatom species, exhibiting some downregulation and inactivation of PSII, but high repair of PSII and induction of reversible PSII nonphotochemical quenching, with some LDR. Together, these data demonstrate a range of strategies for balancing light harvesting and utilization across diatom species, which reflect their adaptation to sustain photosynthesis under environments with inherently different light regimes.
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Demmig-Adams B, Stewart JJ, López-Pozo M, Polutchko SK, Adams WW. Zeaxanthin, a Molecule for Photoprotection in Many Different Environments. Molecules 2020; 25:E5825. [PMID: 33321863 PMCID: PMC7764489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversion of sunlight into photochemistry depends on photoprotective processes that allow safe use of sunlight over a broad range of environmental conditions. This review focuses on the ubiquity of photoprotection associated with a group of interconvertible leaf carotenoids, the xanthophyll cycle. We survey the striking plasticity of this process observed in nature with respect to (1) xanthophyll cycle pool size, (2) degree and speed of interconversion of its components, and (3) flexibility in the association between xanthophyll cycle conversion state and photoprotective dissipation of excess excitation energy. It is concluded that the components of this system can be independently tuned with a high degree of flexibility to produce a fit for different environments with various combinations of light, temperature, and other factors. In addition, the role of genetic variation is apparent from variation in the response of different species growing side-by-side in the same environment. These findings illustrate how field studies can generate insight into the adjustable levers that allow xanthophyll cycle-associated photoprotection to support plant photosynthetic productivity and survival in environments with unique combinations of environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA; (J.J.S.); (M.L.-P.); (S.K.P.); (W.W.A.III)
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12
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Kvernvik AC, Rokitta SD, Leu E, Harms L, Gabrielsen TM, Rost B, Hoppe CJM. Higher sensitivity towards light stress and ocean acidification in an Arctic sea-ice-associated diatom compared to a pelagic diatom. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1708-1724. [PMID: 32086953 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thalassiosira hyalina and Nitzschia frigida are important members of Arctic pelagic and sympagic (sea-ice-associated) diatom communities. We investigated the effects of light stress (shift from 20 to 380 µmol photons m-2 s-1 , resembling upwelling or ice break-up) under contemporary and future pCO2 (400 vs 1000 µatm). The responses in growth, elemental composition, pigmentation and photophysiology were followed over 120 h and are discussed together with underlying gene expression patterns. Stress response and subsequent re-acclimation were efficiently facilitated by T. hyalina, which showed only moderate changes in photophysiology and elemental composition, and thrived under high light after 120 h. In N. frigida, photochemical damage and oxidative stress appeared to outweigh cellular defenses, causing dysfunctional photophysiology and reduced growth. pCO2 alone did not specifically influence gene expression, but amplified the transcriptomic reactions to light stress, indicating that pCO2 affects metabolic equilibria rather than sensitive genes. Large differences in acclimation capacities towards high light and high pCO2 between T. hyalina and N. frigida indicate species-specific mechanisms in coping with the two stressors, which may reflect their respective ecological niches. This could potentially alter the balance between sympagic and pelagic primary production in a future Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane C Kvernvik
- The Department of Arctic Biology, Svalbard Science Centre, University Centre in Svalbard, PO Box 156, N-9171, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Sebastian D Rokitta
- Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institut - Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Eva Leu
- Arctic R&D, Akvaplan-Niva AS, CIENS, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Harms
- Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institut - Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Tove M Gabrielsen
- The Department of Arctic Biology, Svalbard Science Centre, University Centre in Svalbard, PO Box 156, N-9171, Longyearbyen, Norway
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Agder, PO Box 422, N-4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Björn Rost
- Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institut - Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- FB2, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Clara J M Hoppe
- Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institut - Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
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13
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Lacour T, Babin M, Lavaud J. Diversity in Xanthophyll Cycle Pigments Content and Related Nonphotochemical Quenching (NPQ) Among Microalgae: Implications for Growth Strategy and Ecology. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:245-263. [PMID: 31674660 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophyll cycle-related nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), which is present in most photoautotrophs, allows dissipation of excess light energy. Xanthophyll cycle-related NPQ depends principally on xanthophyll cycle pigments composition and their effective involvement in NPQ. Xanthophyll cycle-related NPQ is tightly controlled by environmental conditions in a species-/strain-specific manner. These features are especially relevant in microalgae living in a complex and highly variable environment. The goal of this study was to perform a comparative assessment of NPQ ecophysiologies across microalgal taxa in order to underline the specific involvement of NPQ in growth adaptations and strategies. We used both published results and data acquired in our laboratory to understand the relationships between growth conditions (irradiance, temperature, and nutrient availability), xanthophyll cycle composition, and xanthophyll cycle pigments quenching efficiency in microalgae from various taxa. We found that in diadinoxanthin-containing species, the xanthophyll cycle pigment pool is controlled by energy pressure in all species. At any given energy pressure, however, the diatoxanthin content is higher in diatoms than in other diadinoxanthin-containing species. XC pigments quenching efficiency is species-specific and decreases with acclimation to higher irradiances. We found a clear link between the natural light environment of species/ecotypes and quenching efficiency amplitude. The presence of diatoxanthin or zeaxanthin at steady state in all species examined at moderate and high irradiances suggests that cells maintain a light-harvesting capacity in excess to cope with potential decrease in light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Babin
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory UMI3376, CNRS (France) & ULaval (Canada), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Johann Lavaud
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory UMI3376, CNRS (France) & ULaval (Canada), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Buck JM, Sherman J, Bártulos CR, Serif M, Halder M, Henkel J, Falciatore A, Lavaud J, Gorbunov MY, Kroth PG, Falkowski PG, Lepetit B. Lhcx proteins provide photoprotection via thermal dissipation of absorbed light in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4167. [PMID: 31519883 PMCID: PMC6744471 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms possess an impressive capacity for rapidly inducible thermal dissipation of excess absorbed energy (qE), provided by the xanthophyll diatoxanthin and Lhcx proteins. By knocking out the Lhcx1 and Lhcx2 genes individually in Phaeodactylum tricornutum strain 4 and complementing the knockout lines with different Lhcx proteins, multiple mutants with varying qE capacities are obtained, ranging from zero to high values. We demonstrate that qE is entirely dependent on the concerted action of diatoxanthin and Lhcx proteins, with Lhcx1, Lhcx2 and Lhcx3 having similar functions. Moreover, we establish a clear link between Lhcx1/2/3 mediated inducible thermal energy dissipation and a reduction in the functional absorption cross-section of photosystem II. This regulation of the functional absorption cross-section can be tuned by altered Lhcx protein expression in response to environmental conditions. Our results provide a holistic understanding of the rapidly inducible thermal energy dissipation process and its mechanistic implications in diatoms. Photosynthetic organisms can dissipate excess absorbed light energy as heat to avoid photodamage. Here the authors show that induced thermal dissipation in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Pt4 is Lhcx protein-dependent and correlates with a reduced functional absorption cross-section of photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen M Buck
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Sherman
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Carolina Río Bártulos
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Manuel Serif
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marc Halder
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jan Henkel
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Johann Lavaud
- UMI 3376 Takuvik, CNRS/ULaval, Département de Biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maxim Y Gorbunov
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Paul G Falkowski
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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Derks AK, Bruce D. Rapid regulation of excitation energy in two pennate diatoms from contrasting light climates. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:149-165. [PMID: 30008155 PMCID: PMC6208626 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a fast acting photoprotective response to high light stress triggered by over excitation of photosystem II. The mechanism for NPQ in the globally important diatom algae has been principally attributed to a xanthophyll cycle, analogous to the well-described qE quenching of higher plants. This study compared the short-term NPQ responses in two pennate, benthic diatom species cultured under identical conditions but which originate from unique light climates. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence was used to monitor photochemical and non-photochemical excitation energy dissipation during high light transitions; whereas whole cell steady state 77 K absorption and emission were used to measure high light elicited changes in the excited state landscapes of the thylakoid. The marine shoreline species Nitzschia curvilineata was found to have an antenna system capable of entering a deeply quenched, yet reversible state in response to high light, with NPQ being highly sensitive to dithiothreitol (a known inhibitor of the xanthophyll cycle). Conversely, the salt flat species Navicula sp. 110-1 exhibited a less robust NPQ that remained largely locked-in after the light stress was removed; however, a lower amplitude, but now highly reversible NPQ persisted in cells treated with dithiothreitol. Furthermore, dithiothreitol inhibition of NPQ had no functional effect on the ability of Navicula cells to balance PSII excitation/de-excitation. These different approaches for non-photochemical excitation energy dissipation are discussed in the context of native light climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen K Derks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Doug Bruce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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16
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Perkins R, Williamson C, Lavaud J, Mouget JL, Campbell DA. Time-dependent upregulation of electron transport with concomitant induction of regulated excitation dissipation in Haslea diatoms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:377-388. [PMID: 29663190 PMCID: PMC6182385 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoacclimation by strains of Haslea "blue" diatom species H. ostrearia and H. silbo sp. nov. ined. was investigated with rapid light curves and induction-recovery curves using fast repetition rate fluorescence. Cultures were grown to exponential phase under 50 µmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic available radiation (PAR) and then exposed to non-sequential rapid light curves where, once electron transport rate (ETR) had reached saturation, light intensity was decreased and then further increased prior to returning to near growth light intensity. The non-sequential rapid light curve revealed that ETR was not proportional to the instantaneously applied light intensity, due to rapid photoacclimation. Changes in the effective absorption cross sections for open PSII reaction centres (σPSII') or reaction centre connectivity (ρ) did not account for the observed increases in ETR under extended high light. σPSII' in fact decreased as a function of a time-dependent induction of regulated excitation dissipation Y(NPQ), once cells were at or above a PAR coinciding with saturation of ETR. Instead, the observed increases in ETR under extended high light were explained by an increase in the rate of PSII reopening, i.e. QA- oxidation. This acceleration of electron transport was strictly light dependent and relaxed within seconds after a return to low light or darkness. The time-dependent nature of ETR upregulation and regulated NPQ induction was verified using induction-recovery curves. Our findings show a time-dependent induction of excitation dissipation, in parallel with very rapid photoacclimation of electron transport, which combine to make ETR independent of short-term changes in PAR. This supports a selective advantage for these diatoms when exposed to fluctuating light in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Perkins
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - C Williamson
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK
- Schools of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, 12 Berkeley Square, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
| | - J Lavaud
- UMI 3376 Takuvik, CNRS/Université Laval, Département de Biologie-Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - J-L Mouget
- Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - D A Campbell
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L3M7, Canada
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17
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Méléder V, Jesus B, Barnett A, Barillé L, Lavaud J. Microphytobenthos primary production estimated by hyperspectral reflectance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197093. [PMID: 29758047 PMCID: PMC5951593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of remote sensing techniques allows monitoring of photosynthesis at the ecosystem level and improves our knowledge of plant primary productivity. The main objective of the current study was to develop a remote sensing based method to measure microphytobenthos (MPB) primary production from intertidal mudflats. This was achieved by coupling hyperspectral radiometry (reflectance, ρ and second derivative, δδ) and PAM-fluorometry (non-sequential light curves, NSLC) measurements. The latter allowed the estimation of primary production using a light use efficiency parameter (LUE) and electron transport rates (ETR) whereas ρ allowed to estimate pigment composition and optical absorption cross-section (a*). Five MPB species representative of the main growth forms: epipelic (benthic motile), epipsammic (benthic motile and non motile) and tychoplanktonic (temporarily resuspended in the water column) were submitted to increasing light intensities from dark to 1950 μmol photons.m-2.s-1. Different fluorescence patterns were observed for the three growth-forms and were linked to their xanthophyll cycle (de-epoxydation state). After spectral reflectance measurements, a* was retrieved using a radiative transfer model and several radiometric indices were tested for their capacity to predict LUE and ETR measured by PAM-fluorometry. Only one radiometric index was not species or growth-form specific, i.e. δδ496/508. This index was named MPBLUE and could be used to predict LUE and ETR. The applicability of this index was tested with simulated bands of a wide variety of hyperspectral sensors at spectral resolutions between 3 and 15 nm of Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vona Méléder
- Mer Molécules Santé (MMS)–EA 21 60, Université de Nantes, Nates, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Bruno Jesus
- Mer Molécules Santé (MMS)–EA 21 60, Université de Nantes, Nates, France
- BioISI–Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Barnett
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs)–UMR 7266, CNRS/Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l’Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, France
- Botany and Plant Science–National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laurent Barillé
- Mer Molécules Santé (MMS)–EA 21 60, Université de Nantes, Nates, France
| | - Johann Lavaud
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs)–UMR 7266, CNRS/Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l’Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, France
- Takuvik–UMI 3376, CNRS/Université Laval, Département de Biologie, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, Québec, Canada
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18
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Lepetit B, Gélin G, Lepetit M, Sturm S, Vugrinec S, Rogato A, Kroth PG, Falciatore A, Lavaud J. The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum adjusts nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching capacity in response to dynamic light via fine-tuned Lhcx and xanthophyll cycle pigment synthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:205-218. [PMID: 27870063 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms contain a highly flexible capacity to dissipate excessively absorbed light by nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) based on the light-induced conversion of diadinoxanthin (Dd) into diatoxanthin (Dt) and the presence of Lhcx proteins. Their NPQ fine regulation on the molecular level upon a shift to dynamic light conditions is unknown. We investigated the regulation of Dd + Dt amount, Lhcx gene and protein synthesis and NPQ capacity in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum after a change from continuous low light to 3 d of sine (SL) or fluctuating (FL) light conditions. Four P. tricornutum strains with different NPQ capacities due to different expression of Lhcx1 were included. All strains responded to dynamic light comparably, independently of initial NPQ capacity. During SL, NPQ capacity was strongly enhanced due to a gradual increase of Lhcx2 and Dd + Dt amount. During FL, cells enhanced their NPQ capacity on the first day due to increased Dd + Dt, Lhcx2 and Lhcx3; already by the second day light acclimation was accomplished. While quenching efficiency of Dt was strongly lowered during SL conditions, it remained high throughout the whole FL exposure. Our results highlight a more balanced and cost-effective photoacclimation strategy of P. tricornutum under FL than under SL conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lepetit
- UMR7266 'LIENSs', CNRS Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
- Zukunftskolleg, Pflanzliche Ökophysiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Gautier Gélin
- UMR7266 'LIENSs', CNRS Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Mariana Lepetit
- UMR7266 'LIENSs', CNRS Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Sabine Sturm
- Zukunftskolleg, Pflanzliche Ökophysiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Sascha Vugrinec
- Zukunftskolleg, Pflanzliche Ökophysiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Zukunftskolleg, Pflanzliche Ökophysiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Johann Lavaud
- UMR7266 'LIENSs', CNRS Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
- Département de Biologie, UMI 3376 TAKUVIK, CNRS/Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Smerilli A, Orefice I, Corato F, Gavalás Olea A, Ruban AV, Brunet C. Photoprotective and antioxidant responses to light spectrum and intensity variations in the coastal diatomSkeletonema marinoi. Environ Microbiol 2016; 19:611-627. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Smerilli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn; Villa Comunale Napoli 80121 Italy
| | - Ida Orefice
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn; Villa Comunale Napoli 80121 Italy
| | - Federico Corato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn; Villa Comunale Napoli 80121 Italy
| | - Antonio Gavalás Olea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas CSIC; Av. Eduardo Cabello 6 Vigo 36208 Spain
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom
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Taddei L, Stella GR, Rogato A, Bailleul B, Fortunato AE, Annunziata R, Sanges R, Thaler M, Lepetit B, Lavaud J, Jaubert M, Finazzi G, Bouly JP, Falciatore A. Multisignal control of expression of the LHCX protein family in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3939-51. [PMID: 27225826 PMCID: PMC4915529 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are phytoplanktonic organisms that grow successfully in the ocean where light conditions are highly variable. Studies of the molecular mechanisms of light acclimation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum show that carotenoid de-epoxidation enzymes and LHCX1, a member of the light-harvesting protein family, both contribute to dissipate excess light energy through non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In this study, we investigate the role of the other members of the LHCX family in diatom stress responses. Our analysis of available genomic data shows that the presence of multiple LHCX genes is a conserved feature of diatom species living in different ecological niches. Moreover, an analysis of the levels of four P. tricornutum LHCX transcripts in relation to protein expression and photosynthetic activity indicates that LHCXs are differentially regulated under different light intensities and nutrient starvation, mostly modulating NPQ capacity. We conclude that multiple abiotic stress signals converge to regulate the LHCX content of cells, providing a way to fine-tune light harvesting and photoprotection. Moreover, our data indicate that the expansion of the LHCX gene family reflects functional diversification of its members which could benefit cells responding to highly variable ocean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Taddei
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Giulio Rocco Stella
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Emidio Fortunato
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Rossella Annunziata
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Remo Sanges
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Thaler
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Zukunftskolleg, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johann Lavaud
- UMI 3376 TAKUVIK, CNRS/Université Laval, Département de Biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marianne Jaubert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, (BIG), CEA Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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Wagner H, Jakob T, Lavaud J, Wilhelm C. Photosystem II cycle activity and alternative electron transport in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under dynamic light conditions and nitrogen limitation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 128:151-161. [PMID: 26650230 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alternative electron sinks are an important regulatory mechanism to dissipate excessively absorbed light energy particularly under fast changing dynamic light conditions. In diatoms, the cyclic electron transport (CET) around Photosystem II (PS II) is an alternative electron transport pathway (AET) that contributes to avoidance of overexcitation under high light illumination. The combination of nitrogen limitation and high-intensity irradiance regularly occurs under natural conditions and is expected to force the imbalance between light absorption and the metabolic use of light energy. The present study demonstrates that under N limitation, the amount of AET and the activity of CETPSII in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were increased. Thereby, the activity of CETPSII was linearly correlated with the amount of AET rates. It is concluded that CETPSII significantly contributes to AET in P. tricornutum. Surprisingly, CETPSII was found to be activated already at the end of the dark period under N-limited conditions. This coincided with a significantly increased degree of reduction of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool. The analysis of the macromolecular composition of cells of P. tricornutum under N-limited conditions revealed a carbon allocation in favor of carbohydrates during the light period and their degradation during the dark phase. A possible linkage between the activity of CETPSII and degree of reduction of the PQ pool on the one side and the macromolecular changes on the other is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Jakob
- Department of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Johann Lavaud
- Institute for Coastal Research and Environment (ILE), UMRi 7266 'LIENSs', CNRS/University of La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle Cedex, France
- Department of Biology, UMI 3376 TAKUVIK, CNRS/University Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Department of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Hewes CD. The color of mass culture: spectral characteristics of a shallow water column through shade-limited algal growth dynamics(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:252-259. [PMID: 27037590 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is envisioned that mass algal cultivation for commercial biofuels production will entail the use of large raceway pond systems, which typically have shade-limited photosynthetic growth within depths of 20-30 cm. The attenuation of light and spectral qualities of red, green, and blue wavelengths in a 20-cm water column as a function of Chl-a concentration during exponential and linear phases of growth dynamics for the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was examined under laboratory conditions. While photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) was in excess throughout the water column during the phase of exponential growth, PAR became rate limiting differently for red, green, and blue wavelengths during the phase of linear growth. The transition from exponential to linear growth occurred at 1-2 mg Chl-a · L-1, whereby a scalar ~5 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 at 20-cm depth was found to occur as would be anticipated having the compensation point for where rates of photosynthesis and respiration are equal. During the phase of linear growth, red wavelengths became increasingly dominant at depth as Chl-a concentrations increased, being contrary to the optical conditions for those natural bodies of water that forced the evolution of phytoplankton photosynthesis. It is hypothesized this dramatic difference in water column optics between natural and synthetic environments could influence a variety of biological reactions, importantly non-photochemical quenching capacities, which could negatively impact crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Hewes
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0202, USA
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23
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Lavaud J, Six C, Campbell DA. Photosystem II repair in marine diatoms with contrasting photophysiologies. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 127:189-99. [PMID: 26156125 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum are model marine diatoms with differing strategies for non-photochemical dissipation of excess excitation energy within photosystem II (PSII). We showed that S. costatum, with connectivity across the pigment bed serving PSII, and limited capacity for induction of sustained non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), maintained a large ratio of [PSII(Total)]/[PSII(Active)] to buffer against fluctuations in light intensity. In contrast, P. tricornutum, with a larger capacity to induce sustained NPQ, could maintain a lower [PSII(Total)]/[PSII(Active)]. Induction of NPQ was correlated with an active PSII repair cycle in both species, and inhibition of chloroplastic protein synthesis with lincomycin leads to run away over-excitation of remaining PSII(Active), particularly in S. costatum. We discuss these distinctions in relation to the differing capacities, induction and relaxation rates for NPQ, and as strain adaptations to the differential light regimes of their originating habitats. The present work further confirms the important role for the light-dependent fast regulation of photochemistry by NPQ interacting with PSII repair cycle capacity in the ecophysiology of both pennate and centric diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Lavaud
- UMRi 7266 'LIENSs', Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement (ILE), CNRS-University of La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle Cedex, France.
| | - Christophe Six
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
- UMR 7144 'Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin', 'Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes' group, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place George Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
- UMR 7144 'Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin', 'Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes' group, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place George Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Douglas A Campbell
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
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24
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Garab G, Ughy B, Goss R. Role of MGDG and Non-bilayer Lipid Phases in the Structure and Dynamics of Chloroplast Thylakoid Membranes. Subcell Biochem 2016; 86:127-57. [PMID: 27023234 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25979-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter we focus our attention on the enigmatic structural and functional roles of the major, non-bilayer lipid monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG) in the thylakoid membrane. We give an overview on the state of the art on the role of MGDG and non-bilayer lipid phases in the xanthophyll cycles in different organisms. We also discuss data on the roles of MGDG and other lipid molecules found in crystal structures of different photosynthetic protein complexes and in lipid-protein assemblies, as well as in the self-assembly of the multilamellar membrane system. Comparison and critical evaluation of different membrane models--that take into account and capitalize on the special properties of non-bilayer lipids and/or non-bilayer lipid phases, and thus to smaller or larger extents deviate from the 'standard' Singer-Nicolson model--will conclude this review. With this chapter the authors hope to further stimulate the discussion about, what we think, is perhaps the most exciting question of membrane biophysics: the why and wherefore of non-bilayer lipids and lipid phases in, or in association with, bilayer biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Győző Garab
- Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Bettina Ughy
- Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Reimund Goss
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Mann M, Hoppenz P, Jakob T, Weisheit W, Mittag M, Wilhelm C, Goss R. Unusual features of the high light acclimation of Chromera velia. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:159-169. [PMID: 24906888 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the high light (HL) acclimation of Chromera velia (Chromerida) was studied. HL-grown cells exhibited an increased cell volume and dry weight compared to cells grown at medium light (ML). The chlorophyll (Chl) a-specific absorption spectra ([Formula: see text]) of the HL cells showed an increased absorption efficiency over a wavelength range from 400 to 750 nm, possibly due to differences in the packaging of Chl a molecules. In HL cells, the size of the violaxanthin (V) cycle pigment pool was strongly increased. Despite a higher concentration of de-epoxidized V cycle pigments, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the HL cells was slightly reduced compared to ML cells. The analysis of NPQ recovery during low light (LL) after a short illumination with excess light showed a fast NPQ relaxation and zeaxanthin epoxidation. Purification of the pigment-protein complexes demonstrated that the HL-synthesized V was associated with the chromera light-harvesting complex (CLH). However, the difference absorption spectrum of HL minus ML CLH, together with the 77 K fluorescence excitation spectra, suggested that the additional V was not protein bound but localized in a lipid phase associated with the CLH. The polypeptide analysis of the pigment-protein complexes showed that one out of three known LHCr proteins was associated in higher concentration with photosystem I in the HL cells, whereas in ML cells, it was enriched in the CLH fraction. In conclusion, the acclimation of C. velia to HL illumination shows features that are comparable to those of diatoms, while other characteristics more closely resemble those of higher plants and green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Mann
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Giovagnetti V, Flori S, Tramontano F, Lavaud J, Brunet C. The velocity of light intensity increase modulates the photoprotective response in coastal diatoms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103782. [PMID: 25083713 PMCID: PMC4118909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, the superimposition of mixing events to the light diel cycle exposes phytoplankton to changes in the velocity of light intensity increase, from diurnal variations to faster mixing-related ones. This is particularly true in coastal waters, where diatoms are dominant. This study aims to investigate if coastal diatoms differently activate the photoprotective responses, xanthophyll cycle (XC) and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ), to cope with predictable light diel cycle and unpredictable mixing-related light variations. We compared the effect of two fast light intensity increases (simulating mixing events) with that of a slower increase (corresponding to the light diel cycle) on the modulation of XC and NPQ in the planktonic coastal diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata. During each light treatment, the photon flux density (PFD) progressively increased from darkness to five peaks, ranging from 100 to 650 µmol photons m−2 s−1. Our results show that the diel cycle-related PFD increase strongly activates XC through the enhancement of the carotenoid biosynthesis and induces a moderate and gradual NPQ formation over the light gradient. In contrast, during mixing-related PFD increases, XC is less activated, while higher NPQ rapidly develops at moderate PFD. We observe that together with the light intensity and its increase velocity, the saturation light for photosynthesis (Ek) is a key parameter in modulating photoprotection. We propose that the capacity to adequately regulate and actuate alternative photoprotective ‘safety valves’ in response to changing velocity of light intensity increase further enhances the photophysiological flexibility of diatoms. This might be an evolutionary outcome of diatom adaptation to turbulent marine ecosystems characterized by unpredictable mixing-related light changes over the light diel cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Flori
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Johann Lavaud
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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