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Santin A, Russo MT, de Los Ríos LM, Chiurazzi M, d'Alcalà MR, Lacombe B, Ferrante MI, Rogato A. The tonoplast localized protein PtNPF1 participates in the regulation of nitrogen response in diatoms. New Phytol 2024; 241:1592-1604. [PMID: 38084038 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms are a highly successful group of phytoplankton, well adapted also to oligotrophic environments and capable of handling nutrient fluctuations in the ocean, particularly nitrate. The presence of a large vacuole is an important trait contributing to their adaptive features. It confers diatoms the ability to accumulate and store nutrients, such as nitrate, when they are abundant outside and then to reallocate them into the cytosol to meet deficiencies, in a process called luxury uptake. The molecular mechanisms that regulate these nitrate fluxes are still not known in diatoms. In this work, we provide new insights into the function of Phaeodactylum tricornutum NPF1, a putative low-affinity nitrate transporter. To accomplish this, we generated overexpressing strains and CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function mutants. Microscopy observations confirmed predictions that PtNPF1 is localized on the vacuole membrane. Furthermore, functional characterizations performed on knock-out mutants revealed a transient growth delay phenotype linked to altered nitrate uptake. Together, these results allowed us to hypothesize that PtNPF1 is presumably involved in modulating intracellular nitrogen fluxes, managing intracellular nutrient availability. This ability might allow diatoms to fine-tune the assimilation, storage and reallocation of nitrate, conferring them a strong advantage in oligotrophic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Santin
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | | | - Laura Morales de Los Ríos
- Institute for Plant Science of Montpellier (IPSiM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Place Pierre Viala 2, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Benoît Lacombe
- Institute for Plant Science of Montpellier (IPSiM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Place Pierre Viala 2, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Maria Immacolata Ferrante
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Trieste, 34010, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
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Russo MT, Rogato A, Jaubert M, Karas BJ, Falciatore A. Phaeodactylum tricornutum: An established model species for diatom molecular research and an emerging chassis for algal synthetic biology. J Phycol 2023; 59:1114-1122. [PMID: 37975560 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are prominent and highly diverse microalgae in aquatic environments. Compared with other diatom species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum is an "atypical diatom" displaying three different morphotypes and lacking the usual silica shell. Despite being of limited ecological relevance, its ease of growth in the laboratory and well-known physiology, alongside the steady increase in genome-enabled information coupled with effective tools for manipulating gene expression, have meant it has gained increased recognition as a powerful experimental model for molecular research on diatoms. We here present a brief overview of how over the last 25 years P. tricornutum has contributed to the unveiling of fundamental aspects of diatom biology, while also emerging as a new tool for algal process engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia T Russo
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, IBBR-CNR, Naples, Italy
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianne Jaubert
- UMR7141 Laboratoire de Biologie du chloroplaste et perception de la lumière chez les micro-algues, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Bogumil J Karas
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Falciatore
- UMR7141 Laboratoire de Biologie du chloroplaste et perception de la lumière chez les micro-algues, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
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3
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Rogato A, Valkov VT, Chiurazzi M. LjNRT2.3 plays a hierarchical role in the control of high affinity transport system for root nitrate acquisition in Lotus japonicus. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1042513. [PMID: 36438153 PMCID: PMC9687105 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1042513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is a key mineral nutrient required for plant growth and development. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to respond to changes of nutritional availability in the surrounding environment and the optimization of root nitrate acquisition under nitrogen starvation is crucial to cope with unfavoured condition of growth. In this study we present a general description of the regulatory transcriptional and spatial profile of expression of the Lotus japonicus nitrate transporter NRT2 family. Furthermore, we report a phenotypic characterization of two independent Ljnrt2.3 knock out mutants indicating the involvement of the LjNRT2.3 gene in the root nitrate acquisition and lateral root elongation pathways occurring in response to N starvation conditions. We also report an epistatic relationship between LjNRT2.3 and LjNRT2.1 suggesting a combined mode of action of these two genes in order to optimize the Lotus response to a prolonged N starvation.
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Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system coupled with proteolistics is a DNA-free nuclear transformation method based on the introduction of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes into cells. The method has been set up for diatoms as an alternative to genetic transformation via biolistics and has the advantages of reducing off-target mutations, limiting the working time of the Cas9 endonuclease, and overcoming the occurrence of random insertions of the transgene in the genome. We present a point-by-point description of the protocol with modifications that make it more cost-effective, by reducing the amount of the enzyme while maintaining a comparable efficiency to the original protocol, and with an increased concentration of the selective drug which allows to reduce false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Teresa Russo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Santin
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Naples, Italy
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Rogato A, Falciatore A. Detection and Quantification of Small Noncoding RNAs in Marine Diatoms. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2498:315-326. [PMID: 35727553 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2313-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are a large family of essential regulators of gene expression in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Various types of sRNAs with different size and mapping to different genome locations have been recently identified in diatoms, a successful group of phytoplankton in the marine environment. However, their biogenesis and regulatory function are still largely unknown and unexplored in these microalgae, also due to the lack of methods for their experimental analysis. Herein, we present a point-by-point description of the protocols for detection and quantification of sRNAs by Northern-blot analysis and quantitative stem-loop RT-PCR, established in the diatom molecular model specie Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Naples, Italy.
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Laboratoire de Biologie du chloroplaste et perception de la lumière chez les micro-algues, UMR7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France.
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Vittozzi Y, Nadzieja M, Rogato A, Radutoiu S, Valkov VT, Chiurazzi M. The Lotus japonicus NPF3.1 Is a Nodule-Induced Gene That Plays a Positive Role in Nodule Functioning. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:688187. [PMID: 34220910 PMCID: PMC8253256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing nodules are new organs formed on legume roots as a result of the beneficial interaction with the soil bacteria, rhizobia. Proteins of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) are largely represented in the subcategory of nodule-induced transporters identified in mature nodules. The role of nitrate as a signal/nutrient regulating nodule functioning has been recently highlighted in the literature, and NPFs may play a central role in both the permissive and inhibitory pathways controlling N2-fixation efficiency. In this study, we present the characterization of the Lotus japonicus LjNPF3.1 gene. LjNPF3.1 is upregulated in mature nodules. Promoter studies show transcriptional activation confined to the cortical region of both roots and nodules. Under symbiotic conditions, Ljnpf3.1-knockout mutant's display reduced shoot development and anthocyanin accumulation as a result of nutrient deprivation. Altogether, LjNPF3.1 plays a role in maximizing the beneficial outcome of the root nodule symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Vittozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcin Nadzieja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
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Santin A, Caputi L, Longo A, Chiurazzi M, Ribera d'Alcalà M, Russo MT, Ferrante MI, Rogato A. Integrative omics identification, evolutionary and structural analysis of low affinity nitrate transporters in diatoms, diNPFs. Open Biol 2021; 11:200395. [PMID: 33823659 PMCID: PMC8025304 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are one of the major and most diverse groups of phytoplankton, with chimeric genomes harbouring a combination of genes of bacterial, animal and plant origin. They have developed sophisticated mechanisms to face environmental variations. In marine environments, nutrients concentration shows significant temporal and spatial variability, influencing phytoplankton growth. Among nutrients, nitrogen, present at micromolar levels, is often a limiting resource. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization of the Nitrate Transporter 1/Peptide Transporter Family (NPF) in diatoms, diNPFs. NPFs are well characterized in many organisms where they recognize a broad range of substrates, ranging from short-chained di- and tri-peptides in bacteria, fungi and mammals to a wide variety of molecules including nitrate in higher plants. Scarce information is available for diNPFs. We integrated-omics, phylogenetic, structural and expression analyses, to infer information on their role in diatoms. diNPF genes diverged to produce two distinct clades with strong sequence and structural homology with either bacterial or plant NPFs, with different predicted sub-cellular localization, suggesting that the divergence resulted in functional diversification. Moreover, transcription analysis of diNPF genes under different laboratory and environmental growth conditions suggests that diNPF diversification led to genetic adaptations that might contribute to diatoms ability to flourish in diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Santin
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Caputi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Longo
- BioDiscovery Institute, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alessandra Rogato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Valkov VT, Sol S, Rogato A, Chiurazzi M. The functional characterization of LjNRT2.4 indicates a novel, positive role of nitrate for an efficient nodule N 2 -fixation activity. New Phytol 2020; 228:682-696. [PMID: 32542646 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) -fixing nodules are formed on the roots of legume plants as result of the symbiotic interaction with rhizobia. Nodule functioning requires high amounts of carbon and energy, and therefore legumes have developed finely tuned mechanisms to cope with changing external environmental conditions, including nutrient availability and flooding. The investigation of the role of nitrate as regulator of the symbiotic N2 fixation has been limited to the inhibitory effects exerted by high external concentrations on nodule formation, development and functioning. We describe a nitrate-dependent route acting at low external concentrations that become crucial in hydroponic conditions to ensure an efficient nodule functionality. Combined genetic, biochemical and molecular studies are used to unravel the novel function of the LjNRT2.4 gene. Two independent null mutants are affected by the nitrate content of nodules, consistent with LjNRT2.4 temporal and spatial profiles of expression. The reduced nodular nitrate content is associated to a strong reduction of nitrogenase activity and a severe N-starvation phenotype observed under hydroponic conditions. We also report the effects of the mutations on the nodular nitric oxide (NO) production and content. We discuss the involvement of LjNRT2.4 in a nitrate-NO respiratory chain taking place in the N2 -fixing nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Stefano Sol
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
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9
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Sol S, Valkov VT, Rogato A, Noguero M, Gargiulo L, Mele G, Lacombe B, Chiurazzi M. Disruption of the Lotus japonicus transporter LjNPF2.9 increases shoot biomass and nitrate content without affecting symbiotic performances. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:380. [PMID: 31470797 PMCID: PMC6717371 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After uptake from soil into the root tissue, distribution and allocation of nitrate throughout the whole plant body, is a critical step of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and for modulation of plant growth in response to various environmental conditions. In legume plants nitrate distribution is also important for the regulation of the nodulation process that allows to fix atmospheric N (N2) through the symbiotic interaction with rhizobia (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, SNF). RESULTS Here we report the functional characterization of the Lotus japonicus gene LjNPF2.9, which is expressed mainly in the root vascular structures, a key localization for the control of nitrate allocation throughout the plant body. LjNPF2.9 expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes induces 15NO3 accumulation indicating that it functions as a nitrate importer. The phenotypic characterization of three independent knock out mutants indicates an increased shoot biomass in the mutant backgrounds. This phenotype is associated to an increased/decreased nitrate content detected in the shoots/roots. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the accumulation of nitrate in the shoot does not affect the nodulation and N-Fixation capacities of the knock out mutants. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that LjNPF2.9 plays a crucial role in the downward transport of nitrate to roots, occurring likely through a xylem-to-phloem loading-mediated activity. The increase of the shoot biomass and nitrate accumulation might represent a relevant phenotype in the perspective of an improved NUE and this is further reinforced in legume plants by the reported lack of effects on the SNF efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sol
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mélanie Noguero
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Gargiulo
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, ISAFOM, CNR, Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mele
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, ISAFOM, CNR, Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, Italy
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Busseni G, Vieira FRJ, Amato A, Pelletier E, Pierella Karlusich JJ, Ferrante MI, Wincker P, Rogato A, Bowler C, Sanges R, Maiorano L, Chiurazzi M, d'Alcalà MR, Caputi L, Iudicone D. Meta-omics reveals genetic flexibility of diatom nitrogen transporters in response to environmental changes. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:2522-2535. [PMID: 31259367 PMCID: PMC6805229 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta), one of the most abundant and diverse groups of marine phytoplankton, respond rapidly to the supply of new nutrients, often out-competing other phytoplankton. Herein, we integrated analyses of the evolution, distribution and expression modulation of two gene families involved in diatom nitrogen uptake (DiAMT1 and DiNRT2), in order to infer the main drivers of divergence in a key functional trait of phytoplankton. Our results suggest that major steps in the evolution of the two gene families reflected key events triggering diatom radiation and diversification. Their expression is modulated in the contemporary ocean by seawater temperature, nitrate and iron concentrations. Moreover, the differences in diversity and expression of these gene families throughout the water column hint at a possible link with bacterial activity. This study represents a proof-of-concept of how a holistic approach may shed light on the functional biology of organisms in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Busseni
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Rocha Jimenez Vieira
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRA, CNRS. BIG, 17 rue des Martyrs Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,FR2022/Tara Oceans-GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, Paris, France
| | - Juan J Pierella Karlusich
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,FR2022/Tara Oceans-GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, Italy
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Remo Sanges
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.,Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 32, Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Caputi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
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Rogato A, Del Prete S, Nocentini A, Carginale V, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a model organism for testing the membrane penetrability of sulphonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:510-518. [PMID: 30688123 PMCID: PMC6352938 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1559840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes, which started to be investigated in detail in pathogenic, as well as non-pathogenic species since their pivotal role is to accelerate the physiological CO2 hydration/dehydration reaction significantly. Here, we propose the marine unicellular diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a model organism for testing the membrane penetrability of CA inhibitors (CAIs). Seven inhibitors belonging to the sulphonamide type and possessing a diverse scaffold have been explored for their in vitro inhibition of the whole diatom CAs and the in vivo inhibitory effect on the growth of P. tricornutum. Interesting, inhibition of growth was observed, in vivo, demonstrating that this diatom is a good model for testing the cell wall penetrability of this class of pharmacological agents. Considering that many pathogens are difficult and dangerous to grow in the laboratory, the growth inhibition of P. tricornutum with different such CAIs may be subsequently used to design inhibition studies of CAs from pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rogato
- a Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, CNR , Naples , Italy.,b Department of Integrative Marine Ecology , Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn , Naples , Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- a Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, CNR , Naples , Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- c Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
| | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- c Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- a Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, CNR , Naples , Italy
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Managò S, Zito G, Rogato A, Casalino M, Esposito E, De Luca AC, De Tommasi E. Bioderived Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Nanostructures as Efficient Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates for Cell Membrane Probing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:12406-12416. [PMID: 29569901 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose the use of complex, bioderived nanostructures as efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for chemical analysis of cellular membranes. These structures were directly obtained from a suitable gold metalization of the Pseudonitzchia multistriata diatom silica shell (the so called frustule), whose grating-like geometry provides large light coupling with external radiation, whereas its extruded, subwavelength lateral edge provides an excellent interaction with cells without steric hindrance. We carried out numerical simulations and experimental characterizations of the supported plasmonic resonances and optical near-field amplification. We thoroughly evaluated the SERS substrate enhancement factor as a function of the metalization parameters and finally applied the nanostrucures for discriminating cell membrane Raman signals. In particular, we considered two cases where the membrane composition plays a fundamental role in the assessment of several pathologies, that is, red blood cells and B-leukemia REH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandra Rogato
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology , Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn , Naples 80121 , Italy
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13
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Valkov VT, Rogato A, Alves LM, Sol S, Noguero M, Léran S, Lacombe B, Chiurazzi M. The Nitrate Transporter Family Protein LjNPF8.6 Controls the N-Fixing Nodule Activity. Plant Physiol 2017; 175:1269-1282. [PMID: 28931627 PMCID: PMC5664486 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
N-fixing nodules are new organs formed on legume roots as a result of the beneficial interaction with soil bacteria, rhizobia. The nodule functioning is still a poorly characterized step of the symbiotic interaction, as only a few of the genes induced in N-fixing nodules have been functionally characterized. We present here the characterization of a member of the Lotus japonicus nitrate transporter1/peptide transporter family, LjNPF8.6 The phenotypic characterization carried out in independent L. japonicus LORE1 insertion lines indicates a positive role of LjNPF8.6 on nodule functioning, as knockout mutants display N-fixation deficiency (25%) and increased nodular superoxide content. The partially compromised nodule functioning induces two striking phenotypes: anthocyanin accumulation already displayed 4 weeks after inoculation and shoot biomass deficiency, which is detected by long-term phenotyping. LjNPF8.6 achieves nitrate uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes at both 0.5 and 30 mm external concentrations, and a possible role as a nitrate transporter in the control of N-fixing nodule activity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ludovico Martins Alves
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Sol
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mélanie Noguero
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Sophie Léran
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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De Tommasi E, Gielis J, Rogato A. Diatom Frustule Morphogenesis and Function: a Multidisciplinary Survey. Mar Genomics 2017; 35:1-18. [PMID: 28734733 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms represent the major component of phytoplankton and are responsible for about 20-25% of global primary production. Hundreds of millions of years of evolution led to tens of thousands of species differing in dimensions and morphologies. In particular, diatom porous silica cell walls, the frustules, are characterized by an extraordinary, species-specific diversity. It is of great interest, among the marine biologists and geneticists community, to shed light on the origin and evolutionary advantage of this variability of dimensions, geometries and pore distributions. In the present article the main reported data related to frustule morphogenesis and functionalities with contributions from fundamental biology, genetics, mathematics, geometry and physics are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo De Tommasi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Johan Gielis
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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15
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Lepetit B, Gélin G, Lepetit M, Sturm S, Vugrinec S, Rogato A, Kroth PG, Falciatore A, Lavaud J. The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum adjusts nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching capacity in response to dynamic light via fine-tuned Lhcx and xanthophyll cycle pigment synthesis. New Phytol 2017; 214:205-218. [PMID: 27870063 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms contain a highly flexible capacity to dissipate excessively absorbed light by nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) based on the light-induced conversion of diadinoxanthin (Dd) into diatoxanthin (Dt) and the presence of Lhcx proteins. Their NPQ fine regulation on the molecular level upon a shift to dynamic light conditions is unknown. We investigated the regulation of Dd + Dt amount, Lhcx gene and protein synthesis and NPQ capacity in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum after a change from continuous low light to 3 d of sine (SL) or fluctuating (FL) light conditions. Four P. tricornutum strains with different NPQ capacities due to different expression of Lhcx1 were included. All strains responded to dynamic light comparably, independently of initial NPQ capacity. During SL, NPQ capacity was strongly enhanced due to a gradual increase of Lhcx2 and Dd + Dt amount. During FL, cells enhanced their NPQ capacity on the first day due to increased Dd + Dt, Lhcx2 and Lhcx3; already by the second day light acclimation was accomplished. While quenching efficiency of Dt was strongly lowered during SL conditions, it remained high throughout the whole FL exposure. Our results highlight a more balanced and cost-effective photoacclimation strategy of P. tricornutum under FL than under SL conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lepetit
- UMR7266 'LIENSs', CNRS Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
- Zukunftskolleg, Pflanzliche Ökophysiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Gautier Gélin
- UMR7266 'LIENSs', CNRS Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Mariana Lepetit
- UMR7266 'LIENSs', CNRS Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Sabine Sturm
- Zukunftskolleg, Pflanzliche Ökophysiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Sascha Vugrinec
- Zukunftskolleg, Pflanzliche Ökophysiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Zukunftskolleg, Pflanzliche Ökophysiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Johann Lavaud
- UMR7266 'LIENSs', CNRS Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
- Département de Biologie, UMI 3376 TAKUVIK, CNRS/Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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16
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Rogato A, Valkov VT, Alves LM, Apone F, Colucci G, Chiurazzi M. Down-regulated Lotus japonicus GCR1 plants exhibit nodulation signalling pathways alteration. Plant Sci 2016; 247:71-82. [PMID: 27095401 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins involved in various signalling pathways by perceiving many extracellular signals and transducing them to heterotrimeric G proteins, which further transduce these signals to intracellular downstream effectors. GCR1 is the only reliable plant candidate as a member of the GPCRs superfamily. In the legume/rhizobia symbiotic interaction, G proteins are involved in signalling pathways controlling different steps of the nodulation program. In order to investigate the putative hierarchic role played by GCR1 in these symbiotic pathways we identified and characterized the Lotus japonicus gene encoding the seven transmembrane GCR1 protein. The detailed molecular and topological analyses of LjGCR1 expression patterns that are presented suggest a possible involvement in the early steps of nodule organogenesis. Furthermore, phenotypic analyses of independent transgenic RNAi lines, showing a significant LjGCR1 expression down regulation, suggest an epistatic action in the control of molecular markers of nodulation pathways, although no macroscopic symbiotic phenotypes could be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ludovico Martins Alves
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Apone
- Arterra Bioscience Srl, Via B. Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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17
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Taddei L, Stella GR, Rogato A, Bailleul B, Fortunato AE, Annunziata R, Sanges R, Thaler M, Lepetit B, Lavaud J, Jaubert M, Finazzi G, Bouly JP, Falciatore A. Multisignal control of expression of the LHCX protein family in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:3939-51. [PMID: 27225826 PMCID: PMC4915529 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are phytoplanktonic organisms that grow successfully in the ocean where light conditions are highly variable. Studies of the molecular mechanisms of light acclimation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum show that carotenoid de-epoxidation enzymes and LHCX1, a member of the light-harvesting protein family, both contribute to dissipate excess light energy through non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In this study, we investigate the role of the other members of the LHCX family in diatom stress responses. Our analysis of available genomic data shows that the presence of multiple LHCX genes is a conserved feature of diatom species living in different ecological niches. Moreover, an analysis of the levels of four P. tricornutum LHCX transcripts in relation to protein expression and photosynthetic activity indicates that LHCXs are differentially regulated under different light intensities and nutrient starvation, mostly modulating NPQ capacity. We conclude that multiple abiotic stress signals converge to regulate the LHCX content of cells, providing a way to fine-tune light harvesting and photoprotection. Moreover, our data indicate that the expansion of the LHCX gene family reflects functional diversification of its members which could benefit cells responding to highly variable ocean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Taddei
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Giulio Rocco Stella
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Emidio Fortunato
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Rossella Annunziata
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Remo Sanges
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Thaler
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Zukunftskolleg, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johann Lavaud
- UMI 3376 TAKUVIK, CNRS/Université Laval, Département de Biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marianne Jaubert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, (BIG), CEA Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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18
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Rogato A, Amato A, Iudicone D, Chiurazzi M, Ferrante MI, d'Alcalà MR. The diatom molecular toolkit to handle nitrogen uptake. Mar Genomics 2015; 24 Pt 1:95-108. [PMID: 26055207 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient concentrations in the oceans display significant temporal and spatial variability, which strongly affects growth, distribution and survival of phytoplankton. Nitrogen (N) in particular is often considered a limiting resource for prominent marine microalgae, such as diatoms. Diatoms possess a suite of N-related transporters and enzymes and utilize a variety of inorganic (e.g., nitrate, NO3(-); ammonium, NH4(+)) and organic (e.g., urea; amino acids) N sources for growth. However, the molecular mechanisms allowing diatoms to cope efficiently with N oscillations by controlling uptake capacities and signaling pathways involved in the perception of external and internal clues remain largely unknown. Data reported in the literature suggest that the regulation and the characteristic of the genes, and their products, involved in N metabolism are often diatom-specific, which correlates with the peculiar physiology of these organisms for what N utilization concerns. Our study reveals that diatoms host a larger suite of N transporters than one would expected for a unicellular organism, which may warrant flexible responses to variable conditions, possibly also correlated to the phases of life cycle of the cells. All this makes N transporters a crucial key to reveal the balance between proximate and ultimate factors in diatom life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alberto Amato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Iudicone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Ferrante
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalà
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
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D'Apuzzo E, Valkov VT, Parlati A, Omrane S, Barbulova A, Sainz MM, Lentini M, Esposito S, Rogato A, Chiurazzi M. PII Overexpression in Lotus japonicus Affects Nodule Activity in Permissive Low-Nitrogen Conditions and Increases Nodule Numbers in High Nitrogen Treated Plants. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2015; 28:432-42. [PMID: 25390190 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-14-0285-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report here the first characterization of a GLNB1 gene coding for the PII protein in leguminous plants. The main purpose of this work was the investigation of the possible roles played by this multifunctional protein in nodulation pathways. The Lotus japonicus LjGLB1 gene shows a significant transcriptional regulation during the light-dark cycle and different nitrogen availability, conditions that strongly affect nodule formation, development, and functioning. We also report analysis of the spatial profile of expression of LjGLB1 in root and nodule tissues and of the protein's subcellular localization. Transgenic L. japonicus lines overexpressing the PII protein were obtained and tested for the analysis of the symbiotic responses in different conditions. The uncoupling of PII from its native regulation affects nitrogenase activity and nodule polyamine content. Furthermore, our results suggest the involvement of PII in the signaling of the nitrogen nutritional status affecting the legumes' predisposition for nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica D'Apuzzo
- 1 Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
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20
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Rogato A, Richard H, Sarazin A, Voss B, Cheminant Navarro S, Champeimont R, Navarro L, Carbone A, Hess WR, Falciatore A. The diversity of small non-coding RNAs in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:698. [PMID: 25142710 PMCID: PMC4247016 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marine diatoms constitute a major component of eukaryotic phytoplankton and stand at the crossroads of several evolutionary lineages. These microalgae possess peculiar genomic features and novel combinations of genes acquired from bacterial, animal and plant ancestors. Furthermore, they display both DNA methylation and gene silencing activities. Yet, the biogenesis and regulatory function of small RNAs (sRNAs) remain ill defined in diatoms. Results Here we report the first comprehensive characterization of the sRNA landscape and its correlation with genomic and epigenomic information in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The majority of sRNAs is 25 to 30 nt-long and maps to repetitive and silenced Transposable Elements marked by DNA methylation. A subset of this population also targets DNA methylated protein-coding genes, suggesting that gene body methylation might be sRNA-driven in diatoms. Remarkably, 25-30 nt sRNAs display a well-defined and unprecedented 180 nt-long periodic distribution at several highly methylated regions that awaits characterization. While canonical miRNAs are not detectable, other 21-25 nt sRNAs of unknown origin are highly expressed. Besides, non-coding RNAs with well-described function, namely tRNAs and U2 snRNA, constitute a major source of 21-25 nt sRNAs and likely play important roles under stressful environmental conditions. Conclusions P. tricornutum has evolved diversified sRNA pathways, likely implicated in the regulation of largely still uncharacterized genetic and epigenetic processes. These results uncover an unexpected complexity of diatom sRNA population and previously unappreciated features, providing new insights into the diversification of sRNA-based processes in eukaryotes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-698) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugues Richard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7238, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75006 Paris, France.
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21
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Silvestri F, Pasca S, Labombarda A, Barbi A, Desideri M, Guidi P, Rogato A, Zaramella M, Bergamo M, Ageno W, Barillari G. Safety of fondaparinux in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in elderly medical patients: results of a single-center, retrospective study. Minerva Med 2014; 105:221-228. [PMID: 24988087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in acutely ill medical patients. Fondaparinux is recommended for the prevention of VTE in this setting, but little information is available on its safety and effectiveness in unselected, "real world" patients. The aim of this paper was to assess the safety and efficacy of fondaparinux in elderly acutely ill medical patients. METHODS Single center, retrospective study. All patients >60 years, admitted for acute medical disease, bedridden for at least four days and treated with fondaparinux were evaluated. Occurrence of objectively documented, symptomatic VTE, and of bleeding events during the treatment period and follow-up were reported. RESULTS Two hundred and ten patients (median age 81 years) were treated with fondaparinux. Seventy patients received fondaparinux 1.5 mg daily, 140 received the 2.5 mg daily dose. However, 29 patients in the first group (with a CrCl≥50 mL/min) and 84 patients in the last group (with a CrCl<50 mL/min) did not receive the correct dose of fondaparinux. During treatment, one episode (0.48%, 95% CI 0.1% to 2.6%) of major bleeding and 6 episodes (2.86%, 95% CI 1.3% to 6.1%) of clinically relevant non major bleeding were recorded. Only one thromboembolic event (0.48%, 95% CI 0.1% to 2.6%) was documented. Thirty-nine patients died; no death was related to VTE, unlike one death was due to major bleeding. Cancer was the only significant predictor of bleeding at statistical analysis. CONCLUSION In elderly acutely ill hospitalized medical patients, thromboprophylaxis with fondaparinux 2.5 or 1.5mg daily is safe and effective in preventing VTE without increasing bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Silvestri
- Division of Internal Medicine General Hospital, Latisana, Udine, Italy -
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22
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Lepetit B, Sturm S, Rogato A, Gruber A, Sachse M, Falciatore A, Kroth PG, Lavaud J. High light acclimation in the secondary plastids containing diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is triggered by the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. Plant Physiol 2013; 161:853-65. [PMID: 23209128 PMCID: PMC3561024 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.207811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In diatoms, the process of energy-dependent chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (qE) has an important role in photoprotection. Three components are essential for qE: (1) the light-dependent generation of a transthylakoidal proton gradient; (2) the deepoxidation of the xanthophyll diadinoxanthin (Dd) into diatoxanthin (Dt); and (3) specific nucleus-encoded antenna proteins, called Light Harvesting Complex Protein X (LHCX). We used the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to investigate the concerted light acclimation response of the qE key components LHCX, proton gradient, and xanthophyll cycle pigments (Dd+Dt) and to identify the intracellular light-responsive trigger. At high-light exposure, the up-regulation of three of the LHCX genes and the de novo synthesis of Dd+Dt led to a pronounced rise of qE. By inhibiting either the conversion of Dd to Dt or the translation of LHCX genes, qE amplification was abolished and the diatom cells suffered from stronger photoinhibition. Artificial modification of the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool via 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and 5-dibromo-6-isopropyl-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone resulted in a disturbance of Dd+Dt synthesis in an opposite way. Moreover, we could increase the transcription of two of the four LHCX genes under low-light conditions by reducing the PQ pool using 5-dibromo-6-isopropyl-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. Altogether, our results underline the central role of the redox state of the PQ pool in the light acclimation of diatoms. Additionally, they emphasize strong evidence for the existence of a plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling mechanism in an organism with plastids that derived from secondary endosymbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lepetit
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7266, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-University of La Rochelle, Institute for Coastal and Environmental Research, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
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Abstract
Light is an essential source of energy for life on Earth and is one of the most important signals that organisms use to obtain information from the surrounding environment, on land and in the oceans. Prominent marine microalgae, such as diatoms, display a suite of sophisticated responses (physiological, biochemical, and behavioural) to optimize their photosynthesis and growth under changing light conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling diatom responses to light are still largely unknown. Recent progress in marine diatom genomics and genetics, combined with well-established (eco) physiological and biophysical approaches, now offers novel opportunities to address these issues. This review provides a description of the molecular components identified in diatom genomes that are involved in light perception and acclimation mechanisms. How the initial functional characterizations of specific light regulators provide the basis to investigate the conservation or diversification of light-mediated processes in diatoms is also discussed. Hypotheses on the role of the identified factors in determining the growth, distribution, and adaptation of diatoms in different marine environments are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Angelique Depauw
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7238, Laboratoire de Génomique des Microorganismes, 75006 Paris, France
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24
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Rogato A, D'Apuzzo E, Chiurazzi M. The multiple plant response to high ammonium conditions: the Lotus japonicus AMT1; 3 protein acts as a putative transceptor. Plant Signal Behav 2010; 5:1594-1596. [PMID: 21150259 PMCID: PMC3115110 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.12.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant evolved a complex profile of responses to cope with changes of nutrient availability in the soil. These are based on a stringent control of expression and/or activity of proteins involved in nutrients transport and assimilation. Furthermore, a sensing and signaling system for scanning the concentration of substrates in the rooted area and for transmitting this information to the plant machinery controlling root development can be extremely useful for an efficient plant response. Ammonium represents for plants either a preferential nitrogen source or the trigger for toxicity symptoms depending by its concentration. We propose a role for the high affinity Lotus japonicus ammonium transporter LjAMT1;3 as an intracellular ammonium sensor to achieve a convenient modulation of the root development in conditions of potentially toxic external ammonium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati Traverso, Via P., Napoli, Italy
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25
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Rogato A, D’Apuzzo E, Barbulova A, Omrane S, Parlati A, Carfagna S, Costa A, Schiavo FL, Esposito S, Chiurazzi M. Characterization of a developmental root response caused by external ammonium supply in Lotus japonicus. Plant Physiol 2010; 154:784-95. [PMID: 20688979 PMCID: PMC2948985 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.160309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to changes of nutrient availability in the soil by modulating their root system developmental plan. This response is mediated by systemic changes of the nutritional status and/or by local perception of specific signals. The effect of nitrate on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root development represents a paradigm of these responses, and nitrate transporters are involved both in local and systemic control. Ammonium (NH(4)(+)) represents an important nitrogen (N) source for plants, although toxicity symptoms are often associated with high NH(4)(+) concentration when this is present as the only N source. The reason for these effects is still controversial, and mechanisms associating ammonium supply and plant developmental programs are completely unknown. We determined in Lotus japonicus the range of ammonium concentration that significantly inhibits the elongation of primary and lateral roots without affecting the biomass of the shoot. The comparison of the growth phenotypes in different N conditions indicated the specificity of the ammonium effect, suggesting that this was not mediated by assimilatory negative feedback mechanisms. In the range of inhibitory NH(4)(+) conditions, only the LjAMT1;3 gene, among the members of the LjAMT1 family, showed a strong increased transcription that was reflected by an enlarged topology of expression. Remarkably, the short-root phenotype was phenocopied in transgenic lines by LjAMT1;3 overexpression independently of ammonium supply, and the same phenotype was not induced by another AMT1 member. These data describe a new plant mechanism to cope with environmental changes, giving preliminary information on putative actors involved in this specific ammonium-induced response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, A. Buzzati Traverso, 80131 Naples, Italy (A.R., E.D., A.B., S.O., A.P., M.C.); Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Naples, Italy (S.C.); Università degli Studi di Padova, I–35131 Padova, Italy (A.C., F.L.S.); Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80129 Naples, Italy (S.E.)
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26
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Abstract
Diatoms are a major but poorly understood phytoplankton group. The recent completion of two whole genome sequences has revealed that they contain unique combinations of genes, likely recruited during their history as secondary endosymbionts, as well as by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria. A major limitation for the study of diatom biology and gene function is the lack of tools to generate targeted gene knockout or knockdown mutants. In this work, we have assessed the possibility of triggering gene silencing in Phaeodactylum tricornutum using constructs containing either anti-sense or inverted repeat sequences of selected target genes. We report the successful silencing of a GUS reporter gene expressed in transgenic lines, as well as the knockdown of endogenous phytochrome (DPH1) and cryptochrome (CPF1) genes. To highlight the utility of the approach we also report the first phenotypic characterization of a diatom mutant (cpf1). Our data open the way for reverse genetics in diatoms and represent a major advance for understanding their biology and ecology. Initial molecular analyses reveal that targeted downregulation likely occurs through transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanisms. Interestingly, molecular players involved in RNA silencing in other eukaryotes are only poorly conserved in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina De Riso
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plankton, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
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27
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Omrane S, Ferrarini A, D'Apuzzo E, Rogato A, Delledonne M, Chiurazzi M. Symbiotic competence in Lotus japonicus is affected by plant nitrogen status: transcriptomic identification of genes affected by a new signalling pathway. New Phytol 2009; 183:380-394. [PMID: 19500268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In leguminous plants, symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation performances and N environmental conditions are linked because nodule initiation, development and functioning are greatly influenced by the amount of available N sources. We demonstrate here that N supply also controls, beforehand, the competence of leguminous plants to perform the nodulation program. Lotus japonicus plants preincubated for 10 d in high-N conditions, and then transferred to low N before the Mesorhizobium loti inoculation, had reduced nodulation. This phenotype was maintained for at least 6 d and a complete reacquisition of the symbiotic competence was observed only after 9 d. The time-course analysis of the change of the symbiotic phenotype was analysed by transcriptomics. The differentially expressed genes identified are mostly involved in metabolic pathways. However, the transcriptional response also includes genes belonging to other functional categories such as signalling, stress response and transcriptional regulation. Some of these genes show a molecular identity and a regulation profile, that suggest a role as possible molecular links between the N-dependent plant response and the nodule organogenesis program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Omrane
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati Traverso, Via P. Castellino 131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15 Cà Vignal, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica D'Apuzzo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati Traverso, Via P. Castellino 131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati Traverso, Via P. Castellino 131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15 Cà Vignal, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati Traverso, Via P. Castellino 131, Napoli, Italy
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Rogato A, D'Apuzzo E, Barbulova A, Omrane S, Stedel C, Simon-Rosin U, Katinakis P, Flemetakis M, Udvardi M, Chiurazzi M. Tissue-specific down-regulation of LjAMT1;1 compromises nodule function and enhances nodulation in Lotus japonicus. Plant Mol Biol 2008; 68:585-595. [PMID: 18781388 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant ammonium transporters of the AMT1 family are involved in N-uptake from the soil and ammonium transport, and recycling within the plant. Although AMT1 genes are known to be expressed in nitrogen-fixing nodules of legumes, their precise roles in this specialized organ remain unknown. We have taken a reverse-genetic approach to decipher the physiological role of LjAMT1;1 in Lotus japonicus nodules. LjAMT1;1 is normally expressed in both the infected zone and the vascular tissue of Lotus nodules. Inhibition of LjAMT1;1 gene expression, using an antisense gene construct driven by a leghemoglobin promoter resulted in a substantial reduction of LjAMT1;1 transcript in the infected tissue but not the vascular bundles of transgenic plants. As a result, the nitrogen-fixing activity of nodules was partially impaired and nodule number increased compared to control plants. Expression of LjAMT1;1-GFP fusion protein in plant cells indicated a plasma-membrane location for the LjAMT1;1 protein. Taken together, the results are consistent with a role of LjAMT1;1 in retaining ammonium derived from symbiotic nitrogen fixation in plant cells prior to its assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati Traverso, Via P. Castellino 12, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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29
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Barbulova A, Rogato A, D'Apuzzo E, Omrane S, Chiurazzi M. Differential effects of combined N sources on early steps of the Nod factor-dependent transduction pathway in Lotus japonicus. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2007; 20:994-1003. [PMID: 17722702 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-20-8-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of nitrogen-fixing nodules in legumes is induced by perception of lipochitin-oligosaccharide signals secreted by a bacterial symbiont. Nitrogen (N) starvation is a prerequisite for the formation, development, and function of root nodules, and high levels of combined N in the form of nitrate or ammonium can completely abolish nodule formation. We distinguished between nitrate and ammonium inhibitory effects by identifying when and where these combined N sources interfere with the Nod-factor-induced pathway. Furthermore, we present a small-scale analysis of the expression profile, under different N conditions, of recently identified genes involved in the Nod-factor-induced pathway. In the presence of high levels of nitrate or ammonium, the NIN gene fails to be induced 24 h after the addition of Nod factor compared with plants grown under N-free conditions. This induction is restored in the hypernodulating nitrate-tolerant har1-3 mutant only in the presence of 10 and 20 mM KNO3. These results were confirmed in Lotus plants inoculated with Mesorhizobium loti. NIN plays a key role in the nodule organogenesis program and its downregulation may represent a crucial event in the nitrate-dependent pathway leading to the inhibition of nodule organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Barbulova
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A, Buzzati Traverso, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Barbulova A, D'Apuzzo E, Rogato A, Chiurazzi M. Improved procedures for in vitro regeneration and for phenotypic analysis in the model legume Lotus japonicus. Funct Plant Biol 2005; 32:529-536. [PMID: 32689153 DOI: 10.1071/fp05015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a prerequisite for the development of an efficient gene transfer methodology, the possibility of inducing direct somatic embryogenesis in Lotus japonicus (Regel) K. Larsen explants was investigated. Petiole bases, cotyledons, hypocotyls and stem segments were cultivated in the presence of different amounts of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and / or thidiazuron (TDZ). Regeneration was achieved differentially in the different explants and a higher efficiency of shoot formation was obtained with TDZ. By maintaining the same TDZ regime a second cycle of morphogenesis was achieved and the histological analysis of these structures indicated unambiguously their somatic embryogenic nature. Thidiazuron was also tested as an agent to improve the kinetics of shoot formation in a Lotus japonicus transformation-regeneration procedure based on indirect organogenesis. A very significant, highly reproducible, increase in the rate of the shoot formation was observed in independent transformation experiments. We also present an extensive analysis of the feasibility and reproducibility of an in vitro procedure, which can be very useful for the screening of symbiotic phenotypes in transgenic Lotus plants and for the analysis of the cascade of molecular and cytological events occurring soon after Mesorhizobium loti infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Barbulova
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati Traverso' Via Marconi 10. 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Enrica D'Apuzzo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati Traverso' Via Marconi 10. 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati Traverso' Via Marconi 10. 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati Traverso' Via Marconi 10. 80125, Napoli, Italy
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Abstract
The symbiotic phenotype of five Tn5-induced mutants of Rhizobium etli affected in different anabolic pathways (namely, gluconeogenesis and biosynthesis of lysine, purine, or pyrimidine) was analyzed. These mutants induced, on the root of Phaseolus vulgaris, a normal early sequence of morphogenetics events, including root hair deformation and development of nodule primordia. Later on, however, from the resulting root outgrowths, instead of nodules, one or more ectopic roots (spaced closely related and agravitropic) emerged. Therefore, this group of mutant was collectively called "root inducer" (RIND). It was observed that the RIND-induced infection threads aborted early inside the invaded root hair, and that the resulting abortive nodules lack induction of late nodulin genes. Moreover, experiments performed using a conditional mutant (a methionine-requiring invader) revealed that bacterial invasion plays a key role in the maintenance of the program of nodule development and, in particular, in the differentiation of the most specific symbiotic tissue of globose nodules, the central tissue. These data indicate that, in P. vulgaris, the nodule primordium is a root-specified pro-meristematic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ferraioli
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, C.N.R., Via G. Marconi 10, 80125 Naples, Italy
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32
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D'Apuzzo E, Rogato A, Simon-Rosin U, El Alaoui H, Barbulova A, Betti M, Dimou M, Katinakis P, Marquez A, Marini AM, Udvardi MK, Chiurazzi M. Characterization of three functional high-affinity ammonium transporters in Lotus japonicus with differential transcriptional regulation and spatial expression. Plant Physiol 2004; 134:1763-74. [PMID: 15075393 PMCID: PMC419849 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.034322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2003] [Revised: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/23/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium is a primary source of nitrogen for plants. In legume plants ammonium can also be obtained by symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and NH(4)(+) is also a regulator of early and late symbiotic interaction steps. Ammonium transporters are likely to play important roles in the control of nodule formation as well as in nitrogen assimilation. Two new genes, LjAMT1;2 and LjAMT1;3, were cloned from Lotus japonicus. Both were able to complement the growth defect of a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ammonium transport mutant. Measurement of [(14)C]methylammonium uptake rates and competition experiments revealed that each transporter had a high affinity for NH(4)(+). The K(i) for ammonium was 1.7, 3, and 15 microm for LjAMT1;1, 1;2, and 1;3, respectively. Real-time PCR revealed higher expression of LjAMT1;1, 1;2, and 1;3 genes in leaves than in roots and nodule, with expression levels decreasing in the order LjAMT1;1 > 1;2 > 1;3 except in flowers, in which LjAMT1;3 was expressed at higher level than in leaves, and LjAMT1;1 showed the lowest level of expression. Expression of LjAMT1;1 and 1;2 in roots was induced by nitrogen deprivation. Expression of LjAMT1;1 was repressed in leaves exposed to elevated CO(2) concentrations, which also suppress photorespiration. Tissue and cellular localization of LjAMT1 genes expression, using promoter-beta-glucuronidase and in situ RNA hybridization approaches, revealed distinct cellular spatial localization in different organs, including nodules, suggesting differential roles in the nitrogen metabolism of these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica D'Apuzzo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Via Marconi 12, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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Silvestri F, Barillari G, Fanin R, Salmaso F, Pipan C, Falasca E, Puglisi F, Mariuzzi L, Zaja F, Infanti L, Patriarca F, Candoni A, Rogato A, Di Loreto C, Botta GA, Baccarani M. Impact of hepatitis C virus infection on clinical features, quality of life and survival of patients with lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma/immunocytoma. Ann Oncol 1998; 9:499-504. [PMID: 9653490 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008265804550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) subgroup most frequently associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma/immunocytoma (Lp-Ic). We have assessed the impact of the infection on the clinical features, quality of life and survival of HCV+ve Lp-Ic patients as compared to its impact in HCV-ve patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy patients with Lp-Ic consecutively observed over a six-year period were studied. Clinical, virological and histopathological features were recorded at diagnosis. Quality of life was assessed using a scoring system including disease-related symptoms, performance status, working ability, hospital admissions and therapies required. RESULTS Eighteen patients (26%) with HCV infection were identified. Significant differences between those patients and the HCV-ve group included number of symptomatic patients, Hb levels, serum protein levels, entity of the IgM monoclonal component, number of patients with cryoglobulins and with organ (liver, kidney) involvement, and entity and pattern of bone marrow infiltration. Survival rates were similar (P = 0.8383), but the quality-of-life score was significantly worse for the HCV+ve patients (P = 0.002). All anti-HCV Ab+ve patients tested positive for HCV RNA; genotype 2ac was detected in a significant proportion of cases. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that HCV infection is present in about one-third of patients with Lp-Ic. HCV infection does not seem to affect the overall survival of patients with Lp-Ic, but it affects the clinical expression of the disease, so that the overall quality of life of HCV+ve patients is significantly worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Silvestri
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Udine, Italy
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Zaja F, Rogato A, Russo D, Marin L, Silvestri F, Baccarani M. Combined therapy with Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in relapsed/resistant patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Eur J Haematol 1997; 59:327-8. [PMID: 9414645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1997.tb01694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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35
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Fila G, Bonazza A, Rogato A, Gravili S. Effects of radiation treatment of cerebral metastases ivaluation by 99mlc-MM-PAO SPECT imaging. Eur J Cancer 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(93)91884-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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