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Mehdikhani F, Bahar A, Bashi M, Mohammadlou M, Yousefi B. From immunomodulation to therapeutic prospects: Unveiling the biology of butyrophilins in cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4081. [PMID: 38934382 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Butyrophilin (BTN) proteins are a type of membrane protein that belongs to the Ig superfamily. They exhibit a high degree of structural similarity to molecules in the B7 family. They fulfill a complex function in regulating immune responses, including immunomodulatory roles, as they influence γδ T cells. The biology of BTN molecules indicates that they are capable of inhibiting the immune system's ability to detect antigens within tumors. A dynamic association between BTN molecules and cellular surfaces is also recognized in specific contexts, influencing their biology. Notably, the dynamism of BTN3A1 is associated with the immunosuppression of T cells or the activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Cancer immunotherapy relies heavily on T cells to modulate immune function within the intricate interaction of the tumor microenvironment (TME). A significant interaction between the TME and antitumor immunity involves the presence of BTN, which should be taken into account when developing immunotherapy. This review explores potential therapeutic applications of BTN molecules, based on the current understanding of their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mehdikhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysa Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Bashi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Rykkelid AM, Sinha PM, Folefac CA, Horsman MR, Sørensen BS, Søland TM, Schreurs OJF, Malinen E, Edin NFJ. Combination of proton- or X-irradiation with anti-PDL1 immunotherapy in two murine oral cancers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11569. [PMID: 38773258 PMCID: PMC11109162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy is a strategy to improve both treatments. The purpose of this study was to compare responses for two syngeneic head and neck cancer (HNC) tumor models in mice following X-ray or proton irradiation with or without immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). MOC1 (immunogenic) and MOC2 (less immunogenic) tumors were inoculated in the right hind leg of each mouse (C57BL/6J, n = 398). Mice were injected with anti-PDL1 (10 mg/kg, twice weekly for 2 weeks), and tumors were treated with single-dose irradiation (5-30 Gy) with X-rays or protons. MOC2 tumors grew faster and were more radioresistant than MOC1 tumors, and all mice with MOC2 tumors developed metastases. Irradiation reduced the tumor volume in a dose-dependent manner. ICI alone reduced the tumor volume for MOC1 with 20% compared to controls, while no reduction was seen for MOC2. For MOC1, there was a clear treatment synergy when combining irradiation with ICI for radiation doses above 5 Gy and there was a tendency for X-rays being slightly more biologically effective compared to protons. For MOC2, there was a tendency of protons being more effective than X-rays, but both radiation types showed a small synergy when combined with ICI. Although the responses and magnitudes of the therapeutic effect varied, the optimal radiation dose for maximal synergy appeared to be in the order of 10-15 Gy, regardless of tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marit Rykkelid
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, 0316, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Michael R Horsman
- Experimental Clinical Oncology - Dept. Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brita Singers Sørensen
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tine Merete Søland
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1052, 0316, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Eirik Malinen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, 0316, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Frederike J Edin
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, 0316, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
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Albarrán V, San Román M, Pozas J, Chamorro J, Rosero DI, Guerrero P, Calvo JC, González C, García de Quevedo C, Pérez de Aguado P, Moreno J, Cortés A, Soria A. Adoptive T cell therapy for solid tumors: current landscape and future challenges. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352805. [PMID: 38550594 PMCID: PMC10972864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) comprises different strategies to enhance the activity of T lymphocytes and other effector cells that orchestrate the antitumor immune response, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, T-cell receptor (TCR) gene-modified T cells, and therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The outstanding results of CAR-T cells in some hematologic malignancies have launched the investigation of ACT in patients with refractory solid malignancies. However, certain characteristics of solid tumors, such as their antigenic heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment, hamper the efficacy of antigen-targeted treatments. Other ACT modalities, such as TIL therapy, have emerged as promising new strategies. TIL therapy has shown safety and promising activity in certain immunogenic cancers, mainly advanced melanoma, with an exciting rationale for its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the implementation of TIL therapy in clinical practice is hindered by several biological, logistic, and economic challenges. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge, available clinical results, and potential areas of future research regarding the use of T cell therapy in patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Albarrán
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María San Román
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pozas
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Chamorro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Isabel Rosero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Guerrero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Calvo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos González
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jaime Moreno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cortés
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainara Soria
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Karpenko DV. Immune Privileges as a Result of Mutual Regulation of Immune and Stem Systems. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1818-1831. [PMID: 38105201 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune privileges of cancer stem cells is a well-known and widely studied problem, as presence of such cells in tumors is associated with refractoriness, recurrence, and metastasis. Accumulating evidence also suggests presence of immune privileges in non-pathological stem cells in addition to their other defense mechanisms against damaging factors. This similarity between pathological and normal stem cells raises the question of why stem cells have such a potentially dangerous property. Regulation of vital processes of autoimmunity control and regeneration realized through interactions between immune cells, stem cells, and their microenvironment are reviewed in this work as causes of formation of the stem cell immune privilege. Deep mutual integration between regulations of stem and immune cells is noted. Considering diversity and complexity of mutual regulation of stem cells, their microenvironment, and immune system, I suggest the term "stem system".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Karpenko
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, 125167, Russia.
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Wu X, Jin B, Liu X, Mao Y, Wan X, Du S. An immune-related biomarker index for predicting the effectiveness of immunotherapy and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10319-10333. [PMID: 37273105 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, there are no recognized biomarkers for predicting the immunotherapy response and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to establish an immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) for HCC, and to investigate the clinical, immune, molecular, and microenvironmental characteristics of the IRGPI subgroups, as well as their impact on the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy and patients' prognosis. METHODS We analyzed the LIHC dataset (n = 424) from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the GSE10140 dataset (n = 84) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis to identify immune-related hub genes with prognostic significance. Subsequently, The IRGPI was then established with these special genes obtained, and the molecular, immune, and clinicopathological characteristics of the IRGPI subgroups, along with their predictive role in ICIs treatment and HCC prognosis, were investigated. RESULTS The IRGPI was composed of nine genes, namely CHGA, GAL, CCR3, MMP7, STC1, UCN, OXT, SOCS2, and GCG. The IRGPI-high group exhibited a worse prognosis in both the TCGA and GEO databases compared to the IRGPI-low group. The IRGPI-high group was primarily associated with adaptive immune response and cell-cell interaction pathways and exhibited a higher frequency of gene mutations (such as TP53 and CTNNB1), higher expression of PD-L1 and CTLA4, a higher proportion of macrophages M0 and follicular helper T cells, and a higher APC_co_inhibition and T_cell_co-inhibition immune score. Furthermore, the IRGPI-high group was associated with worse immune subtypes, clinicopathological characteristics, immunotherapy response, and clinical prognosis. CONCLUSION IRGPI is a biomarker with significant potential for predicting the immunotherapy response and prognosis of HCC patients, and is closely related to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and poorer clinicopathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang'an Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bao Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xueshuai Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Shunda Du
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Tostes K, Siqueira AP, Reis RM, Leal LF, Arantes LMRB. Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in NSCLC: Current Developments and Applicability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11887. [PMID: 37569262 PMCID: PMC10418476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancer types, resulting in over 1.8 million deaths annually. Immunotherapy utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ICIs, predominantly monoclonal antibodies, modulate co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals crucial for maintaining immune tolerance. Despite significant therapeutic advancements in NSCLC, patients still face challenges such as disease progression, recurrence, and high mortality rates. Therefore, there is a need for predictive biomarkers that can guide lung cancer treatment strategies. Currently, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is the only established biomarker for predicting ICI response. However, its accuracy and robustness are not consistently reliable. This review provides an overview of potential biomarkers currently under development or in the validation stage that hold promise in improving the classification of responders and non-responders to ICI therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiane Tostes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
| | - Aléxia Polo Siqueira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Leticia Ferro Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata-FACISB, Barretos 14785-002, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang Z, Wang Z, Liu Y, Zhao L, Fu W. Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with Immune Infiltrates in Solid Tumors. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2023; 42:11-30. [PMID: 36749087 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2022043693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), a key subunit of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), is closely associated with tumor growth, development, and metastasis. However, there is no report of a comprehensive assessment of STIM1 in pan-cancer. This study aimed to perform a general analysis of STIM1 in human tumors, including its molecular characteristics, functional mechanisms, clinical significance, and immune infiltrates correlation based on pan-cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Gene expression analysis was investigated using TCGA RNA-seq data, the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Phosphorylation analysis was undertaken using the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CP-TAC) and the PhosphoNET database. Genetic alterations of STIM1 were analyzed using cBioPortal. Prognostic analysis was via the R package "survival" function and the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Functional enrichment analysis was via by the R package "cluster Profiler" function. The association between STIM1 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune markers was by the R package "GSVA" function and TIMER. STIM1 was differentially expressed and associated with distinct clinical stages in multiple tumors. The phosphorylation of STIM1 at S673 is highly expressed in clear cell renal carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma tumors compared to normal tissues. STIM1 genetic alterations correlate with poor prognosis in several tumors, including ovarian cancer and lung squamous cell carcinomas. High STIM1 expression is associated with good or poor prognosis across diverse tumors. Overall survival (OS) analysis indicated that STIM1 is a favorable prognostic factor for patients with BRCA, KIRC, LIHC, LUAD, OV, SARC, and UCEC, and is a risk prognostic factor for BLCA, KIRP, STAD, and UVM. There is a close correlation between STIM1 expression and immune cell infiltration, immune-regulated genes, chemokines, and immune checkpoints in a variety of tumors. STIM1 functions differently in diverse tumors, playing an oncogenic or antitumor role. Moreover, It may serve as a prognostic biomarker and an immunotherapy target across multiple tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100016, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100016, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100016, China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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8
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Immunotherapy and the Combination with Targeted Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030654. [PMID: 36765612 PMCID: PMC9913568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important abilities of a tumor is to establish a state of immunosuppression inside the tumor microenvironment. This is made possible through numerous mechanisms of tumor immune escape that have been identified in experimental studies during the last decades. In addition, the hepatic microenvironment is commonly oriented towards a state of immune tolerance because the liver receives blood from the hepatic arteries and portal veins containing a variety of endogenous antigens. Therefore, the hepatic microenvironment establishes an autoimmune tolerance, preventing an autoimmune reaction in the liver. On this basis, hepatic tumor cells may escape the immune system, avoiding being recognized and destroyed by immune cells. Moreover, since the etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is often related to cirrhosis, and hepatitis B or C, this tumor develops in the context of chronic inflammation. Thus, the HCC microenvironment is characterized by important immune cell infiltration. Given these data and the poor prognosis of advanced HCC, different immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed and evaluated for these patients. In this review, we describe all the clinical applications of immunotherapy for advanced HCC, from the drugs that have already been approved to the ongoing clinical trials.
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Jahangir M, Yazdani O, Kahrizi MS, Soltanzadeh S, Javididashtbayaz H, Mivefroshan A, Ilkhani S, Esbati R. Clinical potential of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC): a rapidly evolving strategy. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:401. [PMID: 36510217 PMCID: PMC9743549 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade therapy has become a game-changing therapeutic approach revolutionizing the treatment setting of human malignancies, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite the remarkable clinical activity of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, only a small portion of patients exhibit a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and the primary or acquired resistance might ultimately favor cancer development in patients with clinical responses. In light of this, recent reports have signified that the addition of other therapeutic modalities to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy might improve clinical responses in advanced RCC patients. Until, combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy plus cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor (ipilimumab) or various vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) inhibitors axitinib, such as axitinib and cabozantinib, has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as first-line treatment for metastatic RCC. In the present review, we have focused on the therapeutic benefits of the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy as a single agent or in combination with other conventional or innovative targeted therapies in RCC patients. We also offer a glimpse into the well-determined prognostic factor associated with the clinical response of RCC patients to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadsaleh Jahangir
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Yazdani
- grid.411600.2School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeed Kahrizi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Surgery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz Iran
| | - Sara Soltanzadeh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Javididashtbayaz
- grid.411768.d0000 0004 1756 1744Baran Oncology Clinic, Medical Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azam Mivefroshan
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Adult Nephrology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saba Ilkhani
- grid.411600.2Department of Surgery and Vascular Surgery, Shohada-ye-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Esbati
- grid.411600.2School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kone AS, Ait Ssi S, Sahraoui S, Badou A. BTN3A: A Promising Immune Checkpoint for Cancer Prognosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13424. [PMID: 36362212 PMCID: PMC9653866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrophilin-3A (BTN3A) subfamily members are a group of immunoglobulins present on the surface of different cell types, including innate and cancer cells. Due to their high similarity with the B7 family members, different studies have been conducted and revealed the involvement of BTN3A molecules in modulating T cell activity within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, a great part of this research focused on γδ T cells and how BTN3A contributes to their functions. In this review, we will depict the roles and various aspects of BTN3A molecules in distinct tumor microenvironments and review how BTN3A receptors modulate diverse immune effector functions including those of CD4+ (Th1), cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and NK cells. We will also highlight the potential of BTN3A molecules as therapeutic targets for effective immunotherapy and successful cancer control, which could represent a bright future for patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou-samad Kone
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ait Ssi
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Souha Sahraoui
- Mohammed VI Center of Oncology, CHU Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
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11
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Li J, Li X, Guo Q. Drug Resistance in Cancers: A Free Pass for Bullying. Cells 2022; 11:3383. [PMID: 36359776 PMCID: PMC9654341 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer burden continues to grow globally, and drug resistance remains a substantial challenge in cancer therapy. It is well established that cancerous cells with clonal dysplasia generate the same carcinogenic lesions. Tumor cells pass on genetic templates to subsequent generations in evolutionary terms and exhibit drug resistance simply by accumulating genetic alterations. However, recent evidence has implied that tumor cells accumulate genetic alterations by progressively adapting. As a result, intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is generated due to genetically distinct subclonal populations of cells coexisting. The genetic adaptive mechanisms of action of ITH include activating "cellular plasticity", through which tumor cells create a tumor-supportive microenvironment in which they can proliferate and cause increased damage. These highly plastic cells are located in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and undergo extreme changes to resist therapeutic drugs. Accordingly, the underlying mechanisms involved in drug resistance have been re-evaluated. Herein, we will reveal new themes emerging from initial studies of drug resistance and outline the findings regarding drug resistance from the perspective of the TME; the themes include exosomes, metabolic reprogramming, protein glycosylation and autophagy, and the relates studies aim to provide new targets and strategies for reversing drug resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qie Guo
- The Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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Pramanik A, Bhattacharyya S. Myeloid derived suppressor cells and innate immune system interaction in tumor microenvironment. Life Sci 2022; 305:120755. [PMID: 35780842 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex domain that not only contains tumor cells but also a plethora of other host immune cells. By nature, the tumor microenvironment is a highly immunosuppressive milieu providing growing conditions for tumor cells. A major immune cell population that contributes most in the development of this immunosuppressive microenvironment is the MDSC, a heterogenous population of immature cells. Although found in small numbers only in the bone marrow of healthy individuals, they readily migrate to the lymph nodes and tumor site during cancer pathogenesis. MDSC mediated disruption of antitumor T cell activity is a major cause of the immunosuppression at the tumor site, but recent findings have shown that MDSC mediated dysfunction of other major immune cells might also play an important role. In this article we will review how crosstalk with MDSC alters the activity of both conventional and unconventional immune cells that inhibits the antitumor immunity and promotes cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Pramanik
- Immunobiology and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Purulia 723104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Immunobiology and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Sidho Kanho Birsha University, Purulia 723104, West Bengal, India.
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Zhang L, Geng Z, Hao B, Geng Q. Tislelizumab: A Modified Anti-tumor Programmed Death Receptor 1 Antibody. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221111296. [PMID: 35926155 PMCID: PMC9358212 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tislelizumab is an anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) monoclonal immunoglobulin G 4 antibody developed by BeiGene. The structure of tislelizumab has been modified to maximally inhibit the binding of PD-1 to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and minimize the binding of tislelizumab to Fcγ receptors. In clinical studies, tislelizumab has shown preliminary anti-tumor effects in various solid tumors, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, urothelial carcinoma, lung cancer, gastric and esophageal cancer, liver cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient tumors. In addition, it also showed new promise in solid tumor treatment in combination with ociperlimab. Due to its satisfactory anti-tumor effects, tislelizumab has received approvals in China for the treatment of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, urothelial carcinoma, squamous non-small cell lung cancer, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it is now under investigation for a new indication in microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient tumors. Moreover, it has been granted orphan designations in hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer, and gastric cancer, including cancer of the gastroesophageal junction, by the US Food and Drug Administration. Tislelizumab has an acceptable safety profile; the most common adverse effects include fatigue, anemia, and decreased neutrophil count, while the most fatal events have been related to respiratory infection or failure, and hepatic injury. Tislelizumab has an economic advantage compared with other well-studied PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors; thus, the introduction of it could provide clinical oncologists with an effective weapon against tumors and may alleviate the burden of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Geng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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14
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He Y, Liu T, Dai S, Xu Z, Wang L, Luo F. Tumor-Associated Extracellular Matrix: How to Be a Potential Aide to Anti-tumor Immunotherapy? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739161. [PMID: 34733848 PMCID: PMC8558531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade therapy, has made major breakthroughs in the therapy of cancers. However, less than one-third of the cancer patients obtain significant and long-lasting therapeutic effects by cancer immunotherapy. Over the past few decades, cancer-related inflammations have been gradually more familiar to us. It’s known that chronic inflammation in tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a predominant role in tumor immunosuppression. Tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM), as a core member of TME, has been a research hotspot recently. A growing number of studies indicate that tumor-associated ECM is one of the major obstacles to realizing more successful cases of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discussed the potential application of tumor-associated ECM in the cancer immunity and its aide potentialities to anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Oncology Department, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Antagonism of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins reveals a novel, immune response-based therapeutic approach for T-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4003-4016. [PMID: 34474469 PMCID: PMC8945623 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The IAP antagonist tolinapant acts as an immunomodulatory molecule in TCL in preclinical models and confirmed in patients. Tolinapant acts on both the innate and adaptive immune system and can be exploited to remodel the tumor immune microenvironment.
Tolinapant (ASTX660) is a potent, nonpeptidomimetic antagonist of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1 and 2 (cIAP1/2) and X-linked IAP, which is currently being evaluated in a phase 2 study in T-cell lymphoma (TCL) patients. Tolinapant has demonstrated evidence of single-agent clinical activity in relapsed/refractory peripheral TCL and cutaneous TCL. To investigate the mechanism of action underlying the single-agent activity observed in the clinic, we have used a comprehensive translational approach integrating in vitro and in vivo models of TCL confirmed by data from human tumor biopsies. Here, we show that tolinapant acts as an efficacious immunomodulatory molecule capable of inducing complete tumor regression in a syngeneic model of TCL exclusively in the presence of an intact immune system. These findings were confirmed in samples from our ongoing clinical study showing that tolinapant treatment can induce changes in gene expression and cytokine profile consistent with immune modulation. Mechanistically, we show that tolinapant can activate both the adaptive and the innate arms of the immune system through the induction of immunogenic forms of cell death. In summary, we describe a novel role for IAP antagonists as immunomodulatory molecules capable of promoting a robust antitumor immune response in TCL.
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16
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Bolandi N, Derakhshani A, Hemmat N, Baghbanzadeh A, Asadzadeh Z, Afrashteh Nour M, Brunetti O, Bernardini R, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. The Positive and Negative Immunoregulatory Role of B7 Family: Promising Novel Targets in Gastric Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910719. [PMID: 34639059 PMCID: PMC8509619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), with a heterogeneous nature, is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Over the past few decades, stable reductions in the incidence of GC have been observed. However, due to the poor response to common treatments and late diagnosis, this cancer is still considered one of the lethal cancers. Emerging methods such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the landscape of treatment for GC patients. There are presently eleven known members of the B7 family as immune checkpoint molecules: B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), B7-H1 (PD-L1, CD274), B7-DC (PDCD1LG2, PD-L2, CD273), B7-H2 (B7RP1, ICOS-L, CD275), B7-H3 (CD276), B7-H4 (B7x, B7S1, Vtcn1), B7-H5 (VISTA, Gi24, DD1α, Dies1 SISP1), B7-H6 (NCR3LG1), B7-H7 (HHLA2), and Ig-like domain-containing receptor 2 (ILDR2). Interaction of the B7 family of immune-regulatory ligands with the corresponding receptors resulted in the induction and inhibition of T cell responses by sending co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals, respectively. Manipulation of the signals provided by the B7 family has significant potential in the management of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bolandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Mina Afrashteh Nour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit—IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit—IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +98-413-3371440 (B.B.); Fax: +98-413-3371311 (B.B.)
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +98-413-3371440 (B.B.); Fax: +98-413-3371311 (B.B.)
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17
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Ma F, Zhang S, Song L, Wang B, Wei L, Zhang F. Applications and analytical tools of cell communication based on ligand-receptor interactions at single cell level. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:121. [PMID: 34217372 PMCID: PMC8254218 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular communication is an essential feature of multicellular organisms. Binding of ligands to their homologous receptors, which activate specific cell signaling pathways, is a basic type of cellular communication and intimately linked to many degeneration processes leading to diseases. MAIN BODY This study reviewed the history of ligand-receptor and presents the databases which store ligand-receptor pairs. The recently applications and research tools of ligand-receptor interactions for cell communication at single cell level by using single cell RNA sequencing have been sorted out. CONCLUSION The summary of the advantages and disadvantages of analysis tools will greatly help researchers analyze cell communication at the single cell level. Learning cell communication based on ligand-receptor interactions by single cell RNA sequencing gives way to developing new target drugs and personalizing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Lianhao Song
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Bozhi Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
- Shenzhen Third People‘s Hospital, Second Hospital, Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112 China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
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18
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Asiry S, Kim G, Filippou PS, Sanchez LR, Entenberg D, Marks DK, Oktay MH, Karagiannis GS. The Cancer Cell Dissemination Machinery as an Immunosuppressive Niche: A New Obstacle Towards the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654877. [PMID: 33927723 PMCID: PMC8076861 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer immunotherapy has resulted in unpreceded survival benefits to subsets of oncology patients, accumulating evidence from preclinical animal models suggests that the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remains a detrimental factor limiting benefit for many patient subgroups. Recent efforts on lymphocyte-mediated immunotherapies are primarily focused on eliminating cancer foci at primary and metastatic sites, but few studies have investigated the impact of these therapies on the highly complex process of cancer cell dissemination. The metastatic cascade involves the directional streaming of invasive/migratory tumor cells toward specialized blood vessel intravasation gateways, called TMEM doorways, to the peripheral circulation. Importantly, this process occurs under the auspices of a specialized tumor microenvironment, herewith referred to as “Dissemination Trajectory”, which is supported by an ample array of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), skewed towards an M2-like polarization spectrum, and which is also vital for providing microenvironmental cues for cancer cell invasion, migration and stemness. Based on pre-existing evidence from preclinical animal models, this article outlines the hypothesis that dissemination trajectories do not only support the metastatic cascade, but also embody immunosuppressive niches, capable of providing transient and localized immunosubversion cues to the migratory/invasive cancer cell subpopulation while in the act of departing from a primary tumor. So long as these dissemination trajectories function as “immune deserts”, the migratory tumor cell subpopulation remains efficient in evading immunological destruction and seeding metastatic sites, despite administration of cancer immunotherapy and/or other cytotoxic treatments. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular composition, as well as the signaling circuitries governing the function of these dissemination trajectories will further our overall understanding on TAM-mediated immunosuppression and will be paramount for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the advancement of optimal cancer chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Asiry
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Gina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Panagiota S Filippou
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom.,National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Rivera Sanchez
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Douglas K Marks
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
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19
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Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics targeting the inhibitory receptors PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4 have shown remarkable clinical progress on several cancers. However, most patients do not benefit from these therapies. Thus, many efforts are being made to identify new immune checkpoint receptor-ligand pathways that are alternative targets for cancer immunotherapies. Nectin and nectin-like molecules are widely expressed on several types of tumor cells and play regulatory roles in T- and NK-cell functions. TIGIT, CD226, CD96 and CD112R on lymphoid cells are a group of immunoglobulin superfamily receptors that interact with Nectin and nectin-like molecules with different affinities. These receptors transmit activating or inhibitory signals upon binding their cognate ligands to the immune cells. The integrated signals formed by their complex interactions contribute to regu-lating immune-cell functions. Several clinical trials are currently evaluating the efficacy of anti-TIGIT and anti-CD112R blockades for treating patients with solid tumors. However, many questions still need to be answered in order to fully understand the dynamics and functions of these receptor networks. This review addresses the rationale behind targeting TIGIT, CD226, CD96, and CD112R to regulate T- and NK-cell functions and discusses their potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-seung Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Theragnosis Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02456, Korea
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20
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Zhang L, Mai W, Jiang W, Geng Q. Sintilimab: A Promising Anti-Tumor PD-1 Antibody. Front Oncol 2020; 10:594558. [PMID: 33324564 PMCID: PMC7726413 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.594558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sintilimab (Tyvyt®) is a monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). It could block the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands and help the anti-tumor effect of T-cells to recover. Sintilimab is developed by Innovent Biologics and Eli Lilly and Company and has been approved to treat relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in patients who have undergone two or more lines of systemic chemotherapy by the National Medical Products Administration of China. Recently, sintilimab has been reported in plenty of literature and shows satisfying anti-tumor effect. Meanwhile, there are some reports showing its side effects. Overall, sintilimab has similar anti-tumor effects and a better safety profile compared to nivolumab and pembrolizumab in Hodgkin lymphoma, natural killer/T cell lymphoma and advanced non-small cell lung cancer. In this review, we aim to briefly describe the mechanisms, pharmacological characteristics, anti-tumor effects, predictive parameters of efficacy and side effects of sintilimab, providing valuable information of sintilimab for decision-making in the treatment of tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wuqian Mai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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