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Amari C, Carletti M, Yan S, Michaud M, Salvaing J. Lipid droplets degradation mechanisms from microalgae to mammals, a comparative overview. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00216-5. [PMID: 39299537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles composed of a hydrophobic core (mostly triacylglycerols and steryl esters) delineated by a lipid monolayer and found throughout the tree of life. LDs were seen for a long time as simple energy storage organelles but recent works highlighted their versatile roles in several fundamental cellular processes, particularly during stress response. LDs biogenesis occurs in the ER and their number and size can be dynamically regulated depending on their function, e.g. during development or stress. Understanding their biogenesis and degradation mechanisms is thus essential to better apprehend their roles. LDs degradation can occur in the cytosol by lipolysis or after their internalization into lytic compartments (e.g. vacuoles or lysosomes) using diverse mechanisms that depend on the considered organism, tissue, developmental stage or environmental condition. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the different LDs degradation pathways in several main phyla of model organisms, unicellular or pluricellular, photosynthetic or not (budding yeast, mammals, land plants and microalgae). We highlight the conservation of the main degradation pathways throughout evolution, but also the differences between organisms, or inside an organism between different organs. Finally, we discuss how this comparison can help to shed light on relationships between LDs degradation pathways and LDs functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chems Amari
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France; Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marta Carletti
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Siqi Yan
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Morgane Michaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Salvaing
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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2
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Li X, Pham K, Ysaguirre J, Mahmud I, Tan L, Wei B, Shao LJ, Elizondo M, Habib R, Elizondo F, Sesaki H, Lorenzi PL, Sun K. Mechanistic insights into metabolic function of dynamin-related protein 1. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100633. [PMID: 39182608 PMCID: PMC11426057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) plays crucial roles in mitochondrial and peroxisome fission. However, the mechanisms underlying the functional regulation of DRP1 in adipose tissue during obesity remain unclear. To elucidate the metabolic and pathological significance of diminished DRP1 in obese adipose tissue, we utilized adipose tissue-specific DRP1 KO mice challenged with a high-fat diet. We observed significant metabolic dysregulations in the KO mice. Mechanistically, DRP1 exerts multifaceted functions in mitochondrial dynamics and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-lipid droplet crosstalk in normal mice. Loss of function of DRP1 resulted in abnormally giant mitochondrial shapes, distorted mitochondrial membrane structure, and disrupted cristae architecture. Meanwhile, DRP1 deficiency induced the retention of nascent lipid droplets in ER, leading to perturbed overall lipid dynamics in the KO mice. Collectively, dysregulation of the dynamics of mitochondria, ER, and lipid droplets contributes to whole-body metabolic disorders, as evidenced by perturbations in energy metabolites. Our findings demonstrate that DRP1 plays diverse and critical roles in regulating energy metabolism within adipose tissue during the progression of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine Pham
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jazmin Ysaguirre
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bo Wei
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Long J Shao
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maryam Elizondo
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rabie Habib
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fathima Elizondo
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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3
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Shi F, Zhao M, Zheng S, Zheng L, Wang H. Advances in genetic variation in metabolism-related fatty liver disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1213916. [PMID: 37753315 PMCID: PMC10518415 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1213916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the world. Its pathogenesis is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. With the upgrading of gene screening methods and the development of human genome project, whole genome scanning has been widely used to screen genes related to MAFLD, and more and more genetic variation factors related to MAFLD susceptibility have been discovered. There are genetic variants that are highly correlated with the occurrence and development of MAFLD, and there are genetic variants that are protective of MAFLD. These genetic variants affect the development of MAFLD by influencing lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. Therefore, in-depth analysis of different mechanisms of genetic variation and targeting of specific genetic variation genes may provide a new idea for the early prediction and diagnosis of diseases and individualized precision therapy, which may be a promising strategy for the treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shi
- School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shudan Zheng
- School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Yeh YT, Wu X, Ma Y, Ying Z, He L, Xue B, Shi H, Choi Y, Yu L. Single ethanol binge causes severe liver injury in mice fed Western diet. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e00174. [PMID: 37314747 PMCID: PMC10270551 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and NAFLD often coexist in Western societies that consume energy-rich and cholesterol-containing Western diets. Increased rates of ALD mortality in young people in these societies are likely attributable to binge drinking. It is largely unknown how alcohol binge causes liver damage in the setting of Western diets. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we showed that a single ethanol binge (5 g/kg body weight) induced severe liver injury as shown by marked increases in serum activities of the 2 aminotransferases AST and ALT in C57BL/6J mice that have been fed a Western diet for 3 weeks. The Western diet plus binge ethanol-fed mice also displayed severe lipid droplet deposition and high contents of triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver, which were associated with increased lipogenic and reduced fatty acid oxidative gene expression. These animals had the highest Cxcl1 mRNA expression and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive neutrophils in the liver. Their hepatic ROS and lipid peroxidation were the highest, but their hepatic levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins remained largely unaltered. Hepatic levels of several ER stress markers, including mRNAs for CHOP, ERO1A, ERO1B, BIM, and BIP, as well as Xbp1 splicing and proteins for BIP/GRP78 and IRE-α were also the highest in these animals. Interestingly, Western diet feeding for 3 weeks or ethanol binge dramatically increased hepatic caspase 3 cleavage, and the combination of the 2 did not further increase it. Thus, we successfully established a murine model of acute liver injury by mimicking human diets and binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS This simple Western diet plus single ethanol binge model recapitulates major hepatic phenotypes of ALD, including steatosis and steatohepatitis characterized by neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Te Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiangdong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yinyan Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore Street, Maryland, USA
| | - Ling He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore Street, Maryland, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore Street, Maryland, USA
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mathur M, Yeh YT, Arya RK, Jiang L, Pornour M, Chen W, Ma Y, Gao B, He L, Ying Z, Xue B, Shi H, Choi Y, Yu L. Adipose lipolysis is important for ethanol to induce fatty liver in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism murine model of chronic and binge ethanol feeding. Hepatology 2023; 77:1688-1701. [PMID: 35844150 PMCID: PMC9845426 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) pathologies include steatosis, inflammation, and injury, which may progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. The liver receives ~60% of fatty acids from adipose tissue triglyceride hydrolysis, but the role of this lipolytic pathway in ALD development has not been directly examined in any genetic animal models with selective inactivation of adipose lipolysis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using adipose-specific comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) knockout (FAT-KO) mice, a model of impaired adipose lipolysis, we show that mice deficient in adipose lipolysis are almost completely protected against ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and lipid peroxidation when subjected to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism chronic and binge ethanol feeding model. This is unlikely due to reduced lipid synthesis because this regimen of ethanol feeding down-regulated hepatic expression of lipogenic genes similarly in both genotypes. In the pair-fed group, FAT-KO relative to control mice displayed increased hepatocyte injury, neutrophil infiltration, and activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the liver; and none of these were exacerbated by ethanol feeding. Activation of STAT3 is associated with a marked increase in hepatic leptin receptor mRNA expression and adipose inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish a critical role of adipose lipolysis in driving hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress during ALD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Mathur
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yu-Te Yeh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Arya
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Long Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Majid Pornour
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Weiping Chen
- Genomics Core, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yinyan Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Ling He
- Division of Neonatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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6
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Krizanac M, Mass Sanchez PB, Schröder SK, Weiskirchen R, Asimakopoulos A. Lipid-Independent Regulation of PLIN5 via IL-6 through the JAK/STAT3 Axis in Hep3B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087219. [PMID: 37108378 PMCID: PMC10138877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid droplet coat protein that is highly expressed in oxidative tissues such as those of muscles, the heart and the liver. PLIN5 expression is regulated by a family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and modulated by the cellular lipid status. So far, research has focused on the role of PLIN5 in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and specifically in lipid droplet formation and lipolysis, where PLIN5 serves as a regulator of lipid metabolism. In addition, there are only limited studies connecting PLIN5 to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where PLIN5 expression is proven to be upregulated in hepatic tissue. Considering that HCC development is highly driven by cytokines present throughout NAFLD development and in the tumor microenvironment, we here explore the possible regulation of PLIN5 by cytokines known to be involved in HCC and NAFLD progression. We demonstrate that PLIN5 expression is strongly induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose- and time-dependent manner in Hep3B cells. Moreover, IL-6-dependent PLIN5 upregulation is mediated by the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, which can be blocked by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, IL-6-mediated PLIN5 upregulation changes when IL-6 trans-signaling is stimulated through the addition of soluble IL-6R. In sum, this study sheds light on lipid-independent regulation of PLIN5 expression in the liver, making PLIN5 a crucial target for NAFLD-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Krizanac
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paola Berenice Mass Sanchez
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah K Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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7
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Shu Q, Pan Y, Hu H. CGI-58 Protein Acts as a Positive Regulator of Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:242-250. [PMID: 36524337 PMCID: PMC9998212 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2209.09029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) is an activating protein of triacylglycerol (TAG) lipase. It has a variety of catalytic activities whereby it may play different roles in diverse organisms. In this study, a homolog of CGI-58 in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PtCGI-58) was identified. PtCGI-58 was localized in mitochondria by GFP fusion protein analysis, which is different from the reported subcellular localization of CGI-58 in animals and plants. Respectively, PtCGI-58 overexpression resulted in increased neutral lipid content and TAG accumulation by 42-46% and 21-32%. Likewise, it also increased the relative content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and in particular, the EPA content in TAGs almost doubled. Transcript levels of genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis and mitochondrial β-oxidation were significantly upregulated in PtCGI-58 overexpression strains compared with wild-type cells. Our findings suggest that PtCGI-58 may mediate the breakdown of lipids in mitochondria and the recycling of acyl chains derived from mitochondrial β-oxidation into TAG biosynthesis. Moreover, this study potentially illuminates new functions for CGI-58 in lipid homeostasis and provides a strategy to enrich EPA in algal TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
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8
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Gemfibrozil-Induced Intracellular Triglyceride Increase in SH-SY5Y, HEK and Calu-3 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032972. [PMID: 36769295 PMCID: PMC9917468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemfibrozil is a drug that has been used for over 40 years to lower triglycerides in blood. As a ligand for peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), which is expressed in many tissues, it induces the transcription of numerous genes for carbohydrate and lipid-metabolism. However, nothing is known about how intracellular lipid-homeostasis and, in particular, triglycerides are affected. As triglycerides are stored in lipid-droplets, which are known to be associated with many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, fatty liver disease and type-2 diabetes, treatment with gemfibrozil could adversely affect these diseases. To address the question whether gemfibrozil also affects intracellular lipid-levels, SH-SY5Y, HEK and Calu-3 cells, representing three different metabolically active organs (brain, lung and kidney), were incubated with gemfibrozil and subsequently analyzed semi-quantitatively by mass-spectrometry. Importantly, all cells showed a strong increase in intracellular triglycerides (SH-SY5Y: 170.3%; HEK: 272.1%; Calu-3: 448.1%), suggesting that the decreased triglyceride-levels might be due to an enhanced cellular uptake. Besides the common intracellular triglyceride increase, a cell-line specific alteration in acylcarnitines are found, suggesting that especially in neuronal cell lines gemfibrozil increases the transport of fatty acids to mitochondria and therefore increases the turnover of fatty acids for the benefit of additional energy supply, which could be important in diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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9
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Bao X, Ma X, Huang R, Chen J, Xin H, Zhou M, Li L, Tong S, Zhang Q, Shui G, Deng F, Yu L, Li MD, Zhang Z. Knockdown of hepatocyte Perilipin-3 mitigates hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis caused by hepatocyte CGI-58 deletion in mice. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6701373. [PMID: 36107452 PMCID: PMC9929509 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), also known as α/β hydrolase domain containing 5, is the co-activator of adipose triglyceride lipase that hydrolyzes triglycerides stored in the cytosolic lipid droplets. Mutations in CGI-58 gene cause Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS), an autosomal recessive neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis. The liver pathology of CDS manifests as steatosis and steatohepatitis, which currently has no effective treatments. Perilipin-3 (Plin3) is a member of the Perilipin-ADRP-TIP47 protein family that is essential for lipid droplet biogenesis. The objective of this study was to test a hypothesis that deletion of a major lipid droplet protein alleviates fatty liver pathogenesis caused by CGI-58 deficiency in hepatocytes. Adult CGI-58-floxed mice were injected with adeno-associated vectors simultaneously expressing the Cre recombinase and microRNA against Plin3 under the control of a hepatocyte-specific promoter, followed by high-fat diet feeding for 6 weeks. Liver and blood samples were then collected from these animals for histological and biochemical analysis. Plin3 knockdown in hepatocytes prevented steatosis, steatohepatitis, and necroptosis caused by hepatocyte CGI-58 deficiency. Our work is the first to show that inhibiting Plin3 in hepatocytes is sufficient to mitigate hepatocyte CGI-58 deficiency-induced hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaogen Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianghui Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China,Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Haoran Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Meiyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shifei Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liqing Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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10
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Kou Y, Geng F, Guo D. Lipid Metabolism in Glioblastoma: From De Novo Synthesis to Storage. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1943. [PMID: 36009491 PMCID: PMC9405736 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor. With limited therapeutic options, novel therapies are desperately needed. Recent studies have shown that GBM acquires large amounts of lipids for rapid growth through activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), a master transcription factor that regulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, and cholesterol uptake. Interestingly, GBM cells divert substantial quantities of lipids into lipid droplets (LDs), a specific storage organelle for neutral lipids, to prevent lipotoxicity by increasing the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and sterol-O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1), which convert excess fatty acids and cholesterol to triacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters, respectively. In this review, we will summarize recent progress on our understanding of lipid metabolism regulation in GBM to promote tumor growth and discuss novel strategies to specifically induce lipotoxicity to tumor cells through disrupting lipid storage, a promising new avenue for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Kou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43012, USA
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43012, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43012, USA
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Llamas-García M, Páez-Pérez ED, Benitez-Cardoza CG, Montero-Morán GM, Lara-González S. Improved Stability of Human CGI-58 Induced by Phosphomimetic S237E Mutation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12643-12653. [PMID: 35474805 PMCID: PMC9026008 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In lipolysis, the activating function of CGI-58 is regulated by its interaction with perilipin 1 (PLIN1) localized on the lipid droplet (LD), and its release is controlled by phosphorylation. Once lipolysis is stimulated by catecholamines, protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation enables the dissociation of the CGI-58/PLIN1 complex, thereby recruiting adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) to initiate fatty acid release. It has been shown that mouse CGI-58 mutant S239E, which mimics the phosphorylation of this residue, is able to dissociate from the CGI-58/PLIN1 complex and activate ATGL. Here, we analyze the stabilizing effect on human CGI-58 of a triple tryptophan to alanine mutant (3WA) on the LD-binding motif, as well as a quadruple mutant in which the phosphomimetic S237E substitution was introduced to the 3WA construct (3WA/S237E). We found that tryptophan residues promote wild-type (WT) protein aggregation in solution since their substitution for alanine residues favors the presence of the monomer. Our experimental data showed increased thermal stability and solubility of 3WA/S237E protein compared to the 3WA mutant. Moreover, the 3WA/S237E protein showed proper folding and a functional binding site for oleoyl-CoA. The analysis of a bioinformatic three-dimensional (3D) model suggests an intramolecular interaction between the phosphomimetic glutamic acid and a residue of the α/β hydrolase core. This could explain the increased solubility and stability observed in the 3WA/S237E mutant and evidences the possible role of serine 237 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam
Livier Llamas-García
- IPICYT,
División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de
Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78216, México
| | - Edgar D. Páez-Pérez
- IPICYT,
División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de
Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78216, México
| | - Claudia G. Benitez-Cardoza
- Laboratorio
de Investigación Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico
Nacional, Ciudad de México 07320, México
| | - Gabriela M. Montero-Morán
- Universidad
Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, México
| | - Samuel Lara-González
- IPICYT,
División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de
Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78216, México
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12
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Cadamuro M, Lasagni A, Sarcognato S, Guido M, Fabris R, Strazzabosco M, Strain AJ, Simioni P, Villa E, Fabris L. The Neglected Role of Bile Duct Epithelial Cells in NASH. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:34-47. [PMID: 34794182 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, and affects 25% of the population in Western countries. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, linked to insulin resistance, which is the common pathogenetic mechanism. In approximately 40% of NAFLD patients, steatosis is associated with necro-inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe condition that may progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although the hepatocyte represents the main target of the disease, involvement of the bile ducts occurs in a subset of patients with NASH, and is characterized by ductular reaction and activation of the progenitor cell compartment, which incites portal fibrosis and disease progression. We aim to dissect the multiple biological effects that adipokines and metabolic alterations exert on cholangiocytes to derive novel information on the mechanisms driven by insulin resistance, which promote fibro-inflammation and carcinogenesis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Lasagni
- Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Maria Guido
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Fabris
- Division of Clinica Medica 3, Center for the Study and the Integrated Management of Obesity, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alastair J Strain
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia and Modena University-Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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13
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Erb SJ, Chandler TL, White HM. Responsiveness of PNPLA3 and lipid-related transcription factors is dependent upon fatty acid profile in primary bovine hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:888. [PMID: 35042927 PMCID: PMC8766451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockdown of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) increased triglycerides (TG) in primary bovine hepatocytes, suggesting that PNPLA3 plays a causal role in hepatic TG clearing. In vivo, PNPLA3 abundance across the periparturient period is inversely related to hepatic TG accumulation and circulating fatty acid (FA) concentrations. The purpose of this research was to determine if PNPLA3, as well as other lipases, transcription factors, or FA-mediated genes, are regulated by FA mimicking liver lipid accumulation (ACCUM) and liver lipid clearing (RECOV) or singular FA physiologically found in dairy cows at 0.5 mM of circulating RECOV (iRECOV). Abundance of PNPLA3 tended to decrease with ACCUM and increased quadratically with RECOV (P ≤ 0.10), differing from PNPLA3 expression, but consistent with previous in vivo research. Adipose TG lipase abundance, but not other lipase abundances, was quadratically responsive to both ACCUM and RECOV (P ≤ 0.005). Abundance of PNPLA3 and SREBP1c and expression of LXRA responded similarly to iRECOV, with C18:0 tending to decrease abundance (P ≤ 0.07). Results indicate that bovine PNPLA3 is translationally regulated by FA and although a LXRA-SREBP1c pathway mediation is possible, the mechanism warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J Erb
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive Rm 934B, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Tawny L Chandler
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive Rm 934B, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Heather M White
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive Rm 934B, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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14
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Yang XD, Ge XC, Jiang SY, Yang YY. Potential lipolytic regulators derived from natural products as effective approaches to treat obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1000739. [PMID: 36176469 PMCID: PMC9513423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemic obesity is contributing to increases in the prevalence of obesity-related metabolic diseases and has, therefore, become an important public health problem. Adipose tissue is a vital energy storage organ that regulates whole-body energy metabolism. Triglyceride degradation in adipocytes is called lipolysis. It is closely tied to obesity and the metabolic disorders associated with it. Various natural products such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids regulate lipolysis and can promote weight loss or improve obesity-related metabolic conditions. It is important to identify the specific secondary metabolites that are most effective at reducing weight and the health risks associated with obesity and lipolysis regulation. The aims of this review were to identify, categorize, and clarify the modes of action of a wide diversity of plant secondary metabolites that have demonstrated prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against obesity by regulating lipolysis. The present review explores the regulatory mechanisms of lipolysis and summarizes the effects and modes of action of various natural products on this process. We propose that the discovery and development of natural product-based lipolysis regulators could diminish the risks associated with obesity and certain metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ding Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing-Cheng Ge
- Xiangxing College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Si-Yi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Yueyang Vocational Technical College, YueYang, China
| | - Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Central of Translational Medical and Innovative Drug, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Yu Yang,
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15
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Adipose Lipolysis Regulates Cardiac Glucose Uptake and Function in Mice under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413361. [PMID: 34948160 PMCID: PMC8703875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart primarily uses fatty acids as energy substrates. Adipose lipolysis is a major source of fatty acids, particularly under stress conditions. In this study, we showed that mice with selective inactivation of the lipolytic coactivator comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) in adipose tissue (FAT-KO mice), relative to their littermate controls, had lower circulating FA levels in the fed and fasted states due to impaired adipose lipolysis. They preferentially utilized carbohydrates as energy fuels and were more insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant. Under cold stress, FAT-KO versus control mice had >10-fold increases in glucose uptake in the hearts but no increases in other tissues examined. Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac mRNAs for atrial and brain-type natriuretic peptides, two sensitive markers of cardiac remodeling, were also elevated. After one week of cold exposure, FAT-KO mice showed reduced cardiac expression of several mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins. After one month of cold exposure, hearts of these animals showed depressed functions, reduced SERCA2 protein, and increased proteins for MHC-β, collagen I proteins, Glut1, Glut4 and phospho-AMPK. Thus, CGI-58-dependent adipose lipolysis critically regulates cardiac metabolism and function, especially during cold adaptation. The adipose-heart axis may be targeted for the management of cardiac dysfunction.
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16
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Huang W, Gao F, Zhang Y, Chen T, Xu C. Lipid Droplet-Associated Proteins in Cardiomyopathy. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021; 78:1-13. [PMID: 34856540 DOI: 10.1159/000520122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart requires a high rate of fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) to meet its energy needs. Neutral lipids are the main source of energy for the heart and are stored in lipid droplets (LDs), which are cytosolic organelles that primarily serve to store neutral lipids and regulate cellular lipid metabolism. LD-associated proteins (LDAPs) are proteins either located on the surface of the LDs or reside in the cytosol and contribute to lipid metabolism. Therefore, abnormal cardiac lipid accumulation or FAO can alter the redox state of the heart, resulting in cardiomyopathy, a group of diseases that negatively affect the myocardial function, thereby leading to heart failure and even cardiac death. SUMMARY LDs, along with LDAPs, are pivotal for modulating heart lipid homeostasis. The proper cardiac development and the maintenance of its normal function depend largely on lipid homeostasis regulated by LDs and LDAPs. Overexpression or deletion of specific LDAPs can trigger myocardial dysfunction and may contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy. Extensive connections and interactions may also exist between LDAPs. Key Message: In this review, the various mechanisms involved in LDAP-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism, the association between cardiac development and lipid metabolism, as well as the role of LDAPs in cardiomyopathy progression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Grabner GF, Xie H, Schweiger M, Zechner R. Lipolysis: cellular mechanisms for lipid mobilization from fat stores. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1445-1465. [PMID: 34799702 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The perception that intracellular lipolysis is a straightforward process that releases fatty acids from fat stores in adipose tissue to generate energy has experienced major revisions over the last two decades. The discovery of new lipolytic enzymes and coregulators, the demonstration that lipophagy and lysosomal lipolysis contribute to the degradation of cellular lipid stores and the characterization of numerous factors and signalling pathways that regulate lipid hydrolysis on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels have revolutionized our understanding of lipolysis. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that facilitate intracellular fatty-acid mobilization, drawing on canonical and noncanonical enzymatic pathways. We summarize how intracellular lipolysis affects lipid-mediated signalling, metabolic regulation and energy homeostasis in multiple organs. Finally, we examine how these processes affect pathogenesis and how lipolysis may be targeted to potentially prevent or treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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18
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ABHD4-Regulating RNA Panel: Novel Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndrome Diagnosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061512. [PMID: 34208452 PMCID: PMC8235602 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of death all over the world. STEMI represents a type of myocardial infarction with acute ST elevation. We aimed to assess the predictive power of potential RNA panel expression in acute coronary syndrome. Method: We used in silico data analysis to retrieve RNAs related to glycerophospholipid metabolism dysregulation and specific to ACS that results in the selection of Alpha/Beta hydrolase fold domain4 (ABHD4) mRNA and its epigenetic regulators (Foxf1 adjacent noncoding developmental regulatory RNA (FENDRR) lncRNA, miRNA-221, and miRNA-197). We assessed the expression of the serum RNA panel in 68 patients with ACS, 21 patients with chest pain due to non-cardiac causes, and 21 healthy volunteers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The study data showed significant down regulation in the expression of the serum levels of FENDRR lncRNA and miRNA-221-3p by 120-fold and 22-fold in Unstable angina (UA) in comparison with healthy volunteers, and by 8.6-fold and 2-fold in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients versus UA; concomitant upregulation in the expression of ABHD4 mRNA and miRNA-197-5p by 444-fold and 10-fold in UA compared with healthy volunteers, and by 1.54-fold and 4.5-fold in STEMI versus unstable angina. Performance characteristics analysis showed that the ABHD4-regulating RNA panel were potential biomarkers for prediction of ACS. Moreover, there was a significant association between the 2 miRNAs and ABHD4 mRNA and the regulating FENDRR lncRNA. Conclusion: Collectively, ABHD4 mRNA regulating RNA panel based on putative interactions seems to be novel non-invasive biomarkers that could detect ACS early and stratify severity of the condition that could improve health outcome.
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