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Miron-Mendoza M, Poole K, DiCesare S, Nakahara E, Bhatt MP, Hulleman JD, Petroll WM. The Role of Vimentin in Human Corneal Fibroblast Spreading and Myofibroblast Transformation. Cells 2024; 13:1094. [PMID: 38994947 PMCID: PMC11240817 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vimentin has been reported to play diverse roles in cell processes such as spreading, migration, cell-matrix adhesion, and fibrotic transformation. Here, we assess how vimentin impacts cell spreading, morphology, and myofibroblast transformation of human corneal fibroblasts. Overall, although knockout (KO) of vimentin did not dramatically impact corneal fibroblast spreading and mechanical activity (traction force), cell elongation in response to PDGF was reduced in vimentin KO cells as compared to controls. Blocking vimentin polymerization using Withaferin had even more pronounced effects on cell spreading and also inhibited cell-induced matrix contraction. Furthermore, although absence of vimentin did not completely block TGFβ-induced myofibroblast transformation, the degree of transformation and amount of αSMA protein expression was reduced. Proteomics showed that vimentin KO cells cultured in TGFβ had a similar pattern of protein expression as controls. One exception included periostin, an ECM protein associated with wound healing and fibrosis in other cell types, which was highly expressed only in Vim KO cells. We also demonstrate for the first time that LRRC15, a protein previously associated with myofibroblast transformation of cancer-associated fibroblasts, is also expressed by corneal myofibroblasts. Interestingly, proteins associated with LRRC15 in other cell types, such as collagen, fibronectin, β1 integrin and α11 integrin, were also upregulated. Overall, our data show that vimentin impacts both corneal fibroblast spreading and myofibroblast transformation. We also identified novel proteins that may regulate corneal myofibroblast transformation in the presence and/or absence of vimentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Miron-Mendoza
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kara Poole
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sophie DiCesare
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Emi Nakahara
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Meet Paresh Bhatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John D. Hulleman
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Walter Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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2
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Han SJ, Kwon S, Kim KS. Contribution of mechanical homeostasis to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1119-1136. [PMID: 36149601 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to other parts of the body via the lymphatic system and bloodstream. With tremendous effort over the past decades, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the molecular and cellular basis of metastatic processes. Metastasis occurs through five steps, including infiltration and migration, intravasation, survival, extravasation, and colonization. Various molecular and cellular factors involved in the metastatic process have been identified, such as epigenetic factors of the extracellular matrix (ECM), cell-cell interactions, soluble signaling, adhesion molecules, and mechanical stimuli. However, the underlying cause of cancer metastasis has not been elucidated. CONCLUSION In this review, we have focused on changes in the mechanical properties of cancer cells and their surrounding environment to understand the causes of cancer metastasis. Cancer cells have unique mechanical properties that distinguish them from healthy cells. ECM stiffness is involved in cancer cell growth, particularly in promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During tumorigenesis, the mechanical properties of cancer cells change in the direction opposite to their environment, resulting in a mechanical stress imbalance between the intracellular and extracellular domains. Disruption of mechanical homeostasis may be one of the causes of EMT that triggers the metastasis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jik Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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3
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Mak G, Menon S, Lu JQ. Neurofilaments in neurologic disorders and beyond. J Neurol Sci 2022; 441:120380. [PMID: 36027641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many neurologic diseases can initially present as a diagnostic challenge and even when a diagnosis is made, monitoring of disease activity, progression and response to therapy may be limited with existing clinical and paraclinical assessments. As such, the identification of disease specific biomarkers provides a promising avenue by which diseases can be effectively diagnosed, monitored and used as a prognostic indicator for long-term outcomes. Neurofilaments are an integral component of the neuronal cytoskeleton, where assessment of neurofilaments in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and diseased tissue has been shown to have value in providing diagnostic clarity, monitoring disease activity, tracking progression and treatment efficacy, as well as lending prognostic insight into long-term outcomes. As such, this review attempts to provide a glimpse into the structure and function of neurofilaments, their role in various neurologic and non-neurologic disorders, including uncommon conditions with recent knowledge of neurofilament-related pathology, as well as their applicability in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Mak
- McMaster University, Department of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suresh Menon
- McMaster University, Department of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- McMaster University, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Li W, Li T, Sun C, Du Y, Chen L, Du C, Shi J, Wang W. Identification and prognostic analysis of biomarkers to predict the progression of pancreatic cancer patients. Mol Med 2022; 28:43. [PMID: 35428170 PMCID: PMC9013045 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignancy with a poor prognosis and high mortality. Surgical resection is the only "curative" treatment. However, only a minority of patients with PC can obtain surgery. Improving the overall survival (OS) rate of patients with PC is still a major challenge. Molecular biomarkers are a significant approach for diagnostic and predictive use in PCs. Several prediction models have been developed for patients newly diagnosed with PC that is operable or patients with advanced and metastatic PC; however, these models require further validation. Therefore, precise biomarkers are urgently required to increase the efficiency of predicting a disease-free survival (DFS), OS, and sensitivity to immunotherapy in PC patients and to improve the prognosis of PC. METHODS In the present study, we first evaluated the highly and selectively expressed targets in PC, using the GeoMxTM Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) and then, we analyzed the roles of these targets in PCs using TCGA database. RESULTS LAMB3, FN1, KRT17, KRT19, and ANXA1 were defined as the top five upregulated targets in PC compared with paracancer. The TCGA database results confirmed the expression pattern of LAMB3, FN1, KRT17, KRT19, and ANXA1 in PCs. Significantly, LAMB3, FN1, KRT19, and ANXA1 but not KRT17 can be considered as biomarkers for survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, and risk model analysis. Furthermore, in combination, LAMB3, FN1, KRT19, and ANXA1 predict the DFS and, in combination, LAMB3, KRT19, and ANXA1 predict the OS. Immunotherapy is significant for PCs that are inoperable. The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) analysis indicated that higher expressions of FN1 or ANXA1 are correlated with lower ICB response. In contrast, there are no significant differences in the ICB response between high and low expression of LAMB3 and KRT19. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, LAMB3, FN1, KRT19, and ANXA1 are good predictors of PC prognosis. Furthermore, FN1 and ANXA1 can be predictors of immunotherapy in PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Tiandong Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chenguang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yimeng Du
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Linna Chen
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Du
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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5
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Dum D, Menz A, Völkel C, De Wispelaere N, Hinsch A, Gorbokon N, Lennartz M, Luebke AM, Hube-Magg C, Kluth M, Fraune C, Möller K, Bernreuther C, Lebok P, Clauditz TS, Jacobsen F, Sauter G, Uhlig R, Wilczak W, Steurer S, Minner S, Marx AH, Simon R, Burandt E, Krech T. Cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 expression in cancer: A tissue microarray study on 15,424 cancers. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 126:104762. [PMID: 35390310 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Combined analysis of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is often used for assessing the origin of metastatic cancer. To evaluate the diagnostic utility of CK7 and CK20, tissue microarrays containing 15,424 samples from 120 different tumor types and subtypes and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. CK7 positivity was seen in 52% (8.7% weak, 5.9% moderate, 37% strong) and CK20 positivity in 23% (5.1% weak, 3.4% moderate, 15% strong) of interpretable tumors. Of 8390 positive tumors, 1181 (14%) showed positivity for CK7 and CK20, 5380 (64%) showed positivity for CK7 alone, and 1829 (22%) showed positivity for CK20 alone. CK20 predominated in gastrointestinal tract, urothelial and Merkel cell carcinomas. CK7 was usually negative in prostate cancer and colorectal cancer. Combined evaluation of CK7/CK20 revealed the best diagnostic utility in CK20 positive tumors, where CK7 negativity is often linked to colorectal origin while CK7 positivity argues for urothelial origin or mucinous ovarian cancer. Associations with unfavorable tumor features were found for cytokeratin 7 loss in breast cancer of no special type, urothelial and renal cell carcinomas, for CK7 overexpression in high-grade serous ovarian and gastric cancer, and for CK20 overexpression in urothelial carcinoma. CK20 loss was linked to MSI in gastric (p = 0.0291) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (p < 0.0001). These analyses provide comprehensive data on the frequency of CK7 and CK20 immunostaining - alone or in combination - in human cancers. These data facilitate interpretation of CK7/CK20 immunostaining in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Völkel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Noémi De Wispelaere
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
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6
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Xu K, Jiao X, Wang P, Chen C, Chen C. Isolation of circulating tumor cells based on magnetophoresis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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CK19 Predicts Recurrence and Prognosis of HBV Positive HCC. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:341-351. [PMID: 34506016 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokeratin is associated with the recurrence and metastasis of some cancers and tends to increase the malignancy of the disease. It is getting more and more attention in cancer research. Abnormal expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) has been reported as an important prognostic factor in cancers. CK19 is a marker of bile duct cells, liver progenitor cells (HPCs), and early hepatoblasts, and its expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of CK19 for tumor recurrence after radical resection in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) positive HCC. METHODS This study was a retrospective study conducted in two institutions. A total of 674 patients with HBV positive HCC who underwent radical HCC resection from January 2010 to May 2020 were included in this study. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the classification variables and continuous variables were compared by t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Cox regression model was used for univariate and multi-variable survival analyses. Based on the results of the multi-variable analyses of Cox regression, the nomogram of 2-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was plotted. The model was validated internally in the Hangzhou cohort (training set) and then externally in the Lanzhou cohort (test set) and the effectiveness of the model was tested. RESULTS For all 674 patients, 223 cases (33.1%) were positive and 451 cases (66.9%) were negative for CK19. The 2-year RFS rate was higher in patients with CK19 negative than in patients with CK19 positive. In the training set, correlation analysis showed that CK19 expression was correlated with preoperative potassium (P value(P) = 0.030), satellite nodules (P < 0.001) and microvascular invasion (P = 0.020). In the test set, CK19 expression was correlated with postoperative platelet (P = 0.038), satellite nodules (P = 0.003), microvascular invasion (P = 0.011), and maximum tumor size (P = 0.039). Univariate Cox regression correlation analyses showed that CK19 expression was correlated with preoperative potassium (P value(P) = 0.030), satellite nodules (P < 0.001), and microvascular invasion (P = 0.020). Training and test sets showed that postoperative platelet (> 300/L), CK19, satellite nodules in the training set, microvascular invasion, maximum tumor size, and tumor boundary were adverse factors for predicting RFS. Multi-variable analyses showed that in the training set, postoperative platelet > 300/L (hazard ratios (HR) = 2.753, 95% confidence interval (95%CI):1.234-6.142, P = 0.013), CK19 (HR = 1.410, 95%CI:1.006-1.976, P = 0.046), satellite nodule (HR = 1.476, 95%CI:1.026-2.120, P = 0.036), microvascular invasion (HR = 2.927, 95%CI:2.006-4.146, P < 0.001), incomplete tumor capsule (HR = 1.539, 95%CI:1.012-2.341, P = 0.044) were independent prognostic indicator of poor RFS. In the test set, postoperative platelet > 300/L (HR = 2.816, 95%CI:1.043-7.603, P = 0.041), CK19 (HR = 1.586, 95%CI:1.016-2.475, P = 0.042), satellite nodule (HR = 1.706, 95%CI:1.067-2.728, P = 0.026), microvascular invasion (HR = 1.611, 95%CI:1.034-2.510, P = 0.035), and tumor without capsule (HR = 1.870, 95%CI:1.120-3.120, P = 0.017) were independent prognostic indicators of poor RFS. The C-index for the nomogram was 0.698 (95%CI: 0.654-0.742) and the C-index for the test set was 0.670 (95%CI: 0.616-0.724). Both internal and external verification showed good results in identification and calibration. CONCLUSION CK19 plays a key role in tumor malignancy through overexpression and the expression of CK19 is an independent adverse factor affecting recurrence; therefore, CK19 can be used as a potential biomarker to predict adverse prognosis after surgery and adjuvant therapy in HCC patients.
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8
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Yin L, Li Q, Mrdenovic S, Chu GCY, Wu BJ, Bu H, Duan P, Kim J, You S, Lewis MS, Liang G, Wang R, Zhau HE, Chung LWK. KRT13 promotes stemness and drives metastasis in breast cancer through a plakoglobin/c-Myc signaling pathway. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:7. [PMID: 35078507 PMCID: PMC8788068 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Keratins (KRTs) are intermediate filament proteins that interact with multiple regulatory proteins to initiate signaling cascades. Keratin 13 (KRT13) plays an important role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which KRT13 promotes breast cancer growth and metastasis.
Methods The function and mechanisms of KRT13 in breast cancer progression and metastasis were assessed by overexpression and knockdown followed by examination of altered behaviors in breast cancer cells and in xenograft tumor formation in mouse mammary fat pad. Human breast cancer specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry and multiplexed quantum dot labeling analysis to correlate KRT13 expression to breast cancer progression and metastasis. Results KRT13-overexpressing MCF7 cells displayed increased proliferation, invasion, migration and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis to bone and lung. Conversely, KRT13 knockdown inhibited the aggressive behaviors of HCC1954 cells. At the molecular level, KRT13 directly interacted with plakoglobin (PG, γ-catenin) to form complexes with desmoplakin (DSP). This complex interfered with PG expression and nuclear translocation and abrogated PG-mediated suppression of c-Myc expression, while the KRT13/PG/c-Myc signaling pathway increased epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stem cell-like phenotype. KRT13 expression in 58 human breast cancer tissues was up-regulated especially at the invasive front and in metastatic specimens (12/18) (p < 0.05). KRT13 up-regulation in primary breast cancer was associated with decreased overall patient survival. Conclusions This study reveals that KRT13 promotes breast cancer cell growth and metastasis via a plakoglobin/c-Myc pathway. Our findings reveal a potential novel pathway for therapeutic targeting of breast cancer progression and metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-022-01502-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Qinlong Li
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Stefan Mrdenovic
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Lewis
- Department of Pathology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gangning Liang
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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Wang D, Deng L, Xu X, Ji Y, Jiao Z. Elevated SYNC Expression Is Associated with Gastric Tumorigenesis and Infiltration of M2-Polarized Macrophages in the Gastric Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:236-246. [PMID: 33734892 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To assess the expression and epigenetic regulation of Syncoilin, intermediate filament protein (SYNC) in gastric cancer tissues, and to determine its associations with clinicopathological features; immune infiltration of macrophages in tumors; and patient survival. Materials and Methods: Clinicopathological features, expression profiles, and methylation data of the SYNC gene were obtained from multi-institutional real-world public datasets. A total of 1601 samples from patients with gastric cancer were examined. The associations between clinicopathological features and SYNC expression levels were assessed by the chi-square test; survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. The infiltration levels of M1, 2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in a gastric tumor immune microenvironment were quantified using deconvolution, and the correlation between SYNC expression level and M1, 2-polarized macrophages' infiltration was examined using the Pearson correlation test. SYNC gene methylation data were analyzed to investigate epigenetic control of its expression. Results: SYNC expression was elevated in gastric cancer tissues (p < 0.01), and was associated with a poorer overall survival (p < 0.01) and poorer postprogression survival (p = 0.01). Higher SYNC levels were significantly associated with more aggressive clinicopathological features in gastric cancer patients (p < 0.05). SYNC was also associated with the infiltration of M2-polarized TAMs in the gastric tumor immune microenvironment (p < 0.001). Hypomethylation was shown to be associated with SYNC's upregulation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: SYNC is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and has the potential to be a therapeutic target and to serve as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Clinical Oncology Pharmacist Training Bases (National Health Commission), Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lihua Deng
- Department of Oncology, Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- Department of Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinghui Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zheng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Clinical Oncology Pharmacist Training Bases (National Health Commission), Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Wessels DJ, Pujol C, Pradhan N, Lusche DF, Gonzalez L, Kelly SE, Martin EM, Voss ER, Park YN, Dailey M, Sugg SL, Phadke S, Bashir A, Soll DR. Directed movement toward, translocation along, penetration into and exit from vascular networks by breast cancer cells in 3D. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:224-248. [PMID: 34338608 PMCID: PMC8331046 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1957527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a computer-assisted platform using laser scanning confocal microscopy to 3D reconstruct in real-time interactions between metastatic breast cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We demonstrate that MB-231 cancer cells migrate toward HUVEC networks, facilitated by filopodia, migrate along the network surfaces, penetrate into and migrate within the HUVEC networks, exit and continue migrating along network surfaces. The system is highly amenable to 3D reconstruction and computational analyses, and assessments of the effects of potential anti-metastasis monoclonal antibodies and other drugs. We demonstrate that an anti-RHAMM antibody blocks filopodium formation and all of the behaviors that we found take place between MB-231 cells and HUVEC networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Wessels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Claude Pujol
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nikash Pradhan
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel F Lusche
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Luis Gonzalez
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sydney E Kelly
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Martin
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edward R Voss
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yang-Nim Park
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael Dailey
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sonia L Sugg
- Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sneha Phadke
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amani Bashir
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David R Soll
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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11
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Eldirany SA, Lomakin IB, Ho M, Bunick CG. Recent insight into intermediate filament structure. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 68:132-143. [PMID: 33190098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are key players in multiple cellular processes throughout human tissues. Their biochemical and structural properties are important for understanding filament assembly mechanisms, for interactions between IFs and binding partners, and for developing pharmacological agents that target IFs. IF proteins share a conserved coiled-coil central-rod domain flanked by variable N-terminal 'head' and C-terminal 'tail' domains. There have been several recent advances in our understanding of IF structure from the study of keratins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and lamin. These include discoveries of (i) a knob-pocket tetramer assembly mechanism in coil 1B; (ii) a lamin-specific coil 1B insert providing a one-half superhelix turn; (iii) helical, yet flexible, linkers within the rod domain; and (iv) the identification of coil 2B residues required for mature filament assembly. Furthermore, the head and tail domains of some IFs contain low-complexity aromatic-rich kinked segments, and structures of IFs with binding partners show electrostatic surfaces are a major contributor to complex formation. These new data advance the connection between IF structure, pathologic mutations, and clinical diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Eldirany
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ivan B Lomakin
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Minh Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G Bunick
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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12
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Jin W, Gu C, Zhou L, Yang X, Gui M, Zhang J, Chen J, Dong X, Yuan Q, Shan L. Theabrownin inhibits the cytoskeleton‑dependent cell cycle, migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells through NF‑κB pathway‑related mechanisms. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2621-2633. [PMID: 33125106 PMCID: PMC7640368 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the high metastatic potential of osteosarcoma, not only pro-apoptosis, but also anti-metastasis is important for anti-osteosarcoma therapy. Previously, the authors reported the pro-apoptotic and tumor-inhibitory effects of theabrownin (TB) on osteosarcoma cells; however, its effects on the metastasis-related migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells remain unknown. The present study conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on xenograft zebrafish samples and performed in vitro experiments, including RT-qPCR, cell viability analysis, clone formation assay, cell cycle analysis, immunofluorescence, cell migration assay, cell invasion assay, wound healing assay and western blot (WB) analysis to evaluate the anti-metastatic effects and mechanism of TB against osteosarcoma cells. The RNA-seq data revealed that TB significantly downregulated the expression of genes involved in the microtubule bundle formation of U2OS cells, which was verified by RT-qPCR. The cell viability and clone formation data indicated that TB significantly inhibited U2OS cell viability and colony numbers. The results of cell cycle analysis revealed the blocked cell cycle progression of U2OS by TB. The immunofluorescent data revealed an evident cytoskeleton-inhibitory effect of TB against the microfilament and microtubule formation of U2OS cells. The results of cell migration and invasion demonstrated that TB significantly inhibited U2OS cell migration and invasion. The results of WB analysis revealed that TB significantly regulated key molecules of epithelial-mesenchymal transition [EMT; e.g., E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail-1, Slug and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB-1)] and those of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway (e.g., NF-κB, phospho-IKKα and phospho-IKKβ), indicating that NF-κB pathway-related EMT suppression may mediate the mechanisms underlying the anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects of TB against osteosarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of TB on the cytoskeleton-dependent cell cycle, migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells. The findings presented herein suggest that TB may be a promising anti-metastatic candidate for anti-osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqun Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Gui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Theabio Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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13
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Bautista L, Knippler CM, Ringel MD. p21-Activated Kinases in Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa105. [PMID: 32609833 PMCID: PMC7417880 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The family of p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are oncogenic proteins that regulate critical cellular functions. PAKs play central signaling roles in the integrin/CDC42/Rho, ERK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, functioning both as kinases and scaffolds to regulate cell motility, mitosis and proliferation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and other cellular activities. PAKs have been implicated in both the development and progression of a wide range of cancers, including breast cancer, pancreatic melanoma, thyroid cancer, and others. Here we will discuss the current knowledge on the structure and biological functions of both group I and group II PAKs, as well as the roles that PAKs play in oncogenesis and progression, with a focus on thyroid cancer and emerging data regarding BRAF/PAK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bautista
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Cancer Biology Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christina M Knippler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Cancer Biology Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew D Ringel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Cancer Biology Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
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14
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Stone TW. Dependence and Guidance Receptors-DCC and Neogenin-In Partial EMT and the Actions of Serine Proteases. Front Oncol 2020; 10:94. [PMID: 32117748 PMCID: PMC7010924 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is an important concept in understanding the processes of oncogenesis, especially with respect to the relationship between cell proliferation and metastatic properties such as spontaneous cell motility, chemotaxic migration and tissue invasion. EMT is now recognized as a more complex phenomenon than an all-or-nothing event, in which different components of the EMT may have distinct roles in the physio-pathological regulation of cell function and which may in turn depend on differential interactions with cell constituents and metabolic products. This mini-review summarizes recent work on the induction of cancer properties in parallel with the presence of EMT activities in the presence of serine proteases, with the focus on those tumor suppressors known as "dependence" receptors such as neogenin and Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC). It is concluded that various forms of partial EMT should be given more detailed investigation and consideration as the results could have valuable implications for the development of disease-specific and patient-specific therapies.
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15
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Ong MS, Deng S, Halim CE, Cai W, Tan TZ, Huang RYJ, Sethi G, Hooi SC, Kumar AP, Yap CT. Cytoskeletal Proteins in Cancer and Intracellular Stress: A Therapeutic Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010238. [PMID: 31963677 PMCID: PMC7017214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins, which consist of different sub-families of proteins including microtubules, actin and intermediate filaments, are essential for survival and cellular processes in both normal as well as cancer cells. However, in cancer cells, these mechanisms can be altered to promote tumour development and progression, whereby the functions of cytoskeletal proteins are co-opted to facilitate increased migrative and invasive capabilities, proliferation, as well as resistance to cellular and environmental stresses. Herein, we discuss the cytoskeletal responses to important intracellular stresses (such as mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses), and delineate the consequences of these responses, including effects on oncogenic signalling. In addition, we elaborate how the cytoskeleton and its associated molecules present themselves as therapeutic targets. The potential and limitations of targeting new classes of cytoskeletal proteins are also explored, in the context of developing novel strategies that impact cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shan Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Clarissa Esmeralda Halim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Wanpei Cai
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Ren Ai Road Sec. 1, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
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16
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Mechanics of actin filaments in cancer onset and progress. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:205-243. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Lorenz C, Forsting J, Schepers AV, Kraxner J, Bauch S, Witt H, Klumpp S, Köster S. Lateral Subunit Coupling Determines Intermediate Filament Mechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:188102. [PMID: 31763918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.188102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a composite network of three types of protein filaments, among which intermediate filaments (IFs) are the most extensible ones. Two very important IFs are keratin and vimentin, which have similar molecular architectures but different mechanical behaviors. Here we compare the mechanical response of single keratin and vimentin filaments using optical tweezers. We show that the mechanics of vimentin strongly depends on the ionic strength of the buffer and that its force-strain curve suggests a high degree of cooperativity between subunits. Indeed, a computational model indicates that in contrast to keratin, vimentin is characterized by strong lateral subunit coupling of its charged monomers during unfolding of α helices. We conclude that cells can tune their mechanics by differential use of keratin versus vimentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Lorenz
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Forsting
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna V Schepers
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kraxner
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Bauch
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Witt
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 7, 37077 Göttingen
| | - Stefan Klumpp
- Institute for Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Köster
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Sliogeryte K, Gavara N. Vimentin Plays a Crucial Role in Fibroblast Ageing by Regulating Biophysical Properties and Cell Migration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101164. [PMID: 31569795 PMCID: PMC6848922 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is the result of changes in biochemical and biophysical processes at the cellular level that lead to progressive organ decline. Here we focus on the biophysical changes that impair cellular function of human dermal fibroblasts using donors of increasing age. We find that cell motility is impaired in cells from older donors, which is associated with increased Young’s modulus, viscosity, and adhesion. Cellular morphology also displays parallel increases in spread area and cytoskeletal assembly, with a threefold increase in vimentin filaments alongside a decrease in its remodelling rate. Treatments with withaferin A or acrylamide show that cell motility can be modulated by regulating vimentin assembly. Crucially, decreasing vimentin amount in cells from older individuals to levels displayed by the neonatal donor rescues their motility. Our results suggest that increased vimentin assembly may underlay the aberrant biophysical properties progressively observed at the cellular level in the course of human ageing and propose vimentin as a potential therapeutic target for ageing-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sliogeryte
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Núria Gavara
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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19
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Chu GCY, Chung LWK, Gururajan M, Hsieh CL, Josson S, Nandana S, Sung SY, Wang R, Wu JB, Zhau HE. Regulatory signaling network in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer bone and visceral organ metastases and the development of novel therapeutics. Asian J Urol 2018; 6:65-81. [PMID: 30775250 PMCID: PMC6363607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes cell signaling network of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) to bone and visceral organs in the context of tumor microenvironment and for the development of novel therapeutics. The article focuses on our recent progress in the understanding of: 1) The plasticity and dynamics of tumor–stroma interaction; 2) The significance of epigenetic reprogramming in conferring cancer growth, invasion and metastasis; 3) New insights on altered junctional communication affecting PCa bone and brain metastases; 4) Novel strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance to hormonal antagonists and chemotherapy; 5) Genetic-based therapy to co-target tumor and bone stroma; 6) PCa-bone-immune cell interaction and TBX2-WNTprotein signaling in bone metastasis; 7) The roles of monoamine oxidase and reactive oxygen species in PCa growth and bone metastasis; and 8) Characterization of imprinting cluster of microRNA, in tumor–stroma interaction. This article provides new approaches and insights of PCa metastases with emphasis on basic science and potential for clinical translation. This article referenced the details of the various approaches and discoveries described herein in peer-reviewed publications. We dedicate this article in our fond memory of Dr. Donald S. Coffey who taught us the spirit of sharing and the importance of focusing basic science discoveries toward translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Murali Gururajan
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Bristol-Myer Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sajni Josson
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Oncoveda Cancer Research Center, Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton, NJ, USA
| | - Srinivas Nandana
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Boyang Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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McNair K, Forrest CM, Vincenten MCJ, Darlington LG, Stone TW. Serine protease modulation of Dependence Receptors and EMT protein expression. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:349-367. [PMID: 30403907 PMCID: PMC6370372 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the tumour suppressor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and the related protein neogenin is reduced by the mammalian serine protease chymotrypsin or the bacterial serine protease subtilisin, with increased cell migration. The present work examines whether these actions are associated with changes in the expression of cadherins, β-catenin and vimentin, established markers of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) which has been linked with cell migration and tumour metastasis. The results confirm the depletion of DCC and neogenin and show that chymotrypsin and subtilisin also reduce expression of β-catenin in acutely prepared tissue sections but not in human mammary adenocarcinoma MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells cultured in normal media, or primary normal human breast cells. A loss of β-catenin was also seen in low serum media but transfecting cells with a dcc-containing plasmid induced resistance. E-cadherin was not consistently affected but vimentin was induced by low serum-containing media and was increased by serine proteases in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in parallel with increased wound closure. Vimentin might contribute to the promotion of cell migration. The results suggest that changes in EMT proteins depend on the cells or tissues concerned and do not parallel the expression of DCC and neogenin. The increased cell migration induced by serine proteases is not consistently associated with the expression of the EMT proteins implying either that the increased migration may be independent of EMT or supporting the view that EMT is not itself consistently related to migration. (241).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara McNair
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caroline M. Forrest
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria C. J. Vincenten
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Trevor W. Stone
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The Kennedy Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford UK
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21
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Kim JS, Kim MW, Kang SJ, Jeong HY, Park SI, Lee YK, Kim HS, Kim KS, Park YS. Tumor-specific delivery of therapeutic siRNAs by anti-EGFR immunonanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4817-4830. [PMID: 30214190 PMCID: PMC6118344 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s161932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient target-specific siRNA delivery has always been a primary concern in the field of siRNA clinical application. Purpose In this study, four different types of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody-conjugated immunonanoparticles were prepared and tested for cancer cell-targeted therapeutic siRNA delivery. Materials and methods The prepared nanoparticles encapsulating siRNAs were character-ized by gel retardation and particle analysis using a Zetasizer. In vitro transfection and reduction of target genes, vimentin and JAK3, were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vivo tumor targeting and antitumoral efficacies of the nanoparticles were evaluated in mice carrying tumors. Results Among these immunonanoparticles, anti-EGFR immunolipoplexes and immunoviroplexes exhibited remarkable cell binding and siRNA delivery to EGFR-expressing tumor cells compared to immunoliposomes and immunovirosomes. Especially, the anti-EGFR immunoviroplexes exhibited the most efficient siRNA transfection to target tumor cells. Therefore, antitumoral vimentin and Janus kinase-3 siRNAs were loaded in the anti-EGFR immunolipoplexes and immunoviroplexes, which were tested in mice carrying SK-OV-3 tumor xenografts. In fact, the therapeutic siRNAs were efficiently delivered to the tumor tissues by both delivery vehicles, resulting in significant inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, administration of doxorubicin in combination with anti-EGFR immunoviroplexes resulted in remarkable and synergistic tumor growth inhibition. Conclusion This study provides experimental proof that cancer cell-targeted immunoviroplexes are an efficient siRNA delivery system for cancer therapy. Moreover, this study also suggests that a combination of conventional chemotherapy and tumor-directed anticancer siRNA therapy would be a better modality for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Seok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Sang Il Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Yeon Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Hong Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
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22
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Cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) has a Role in the Reprogramming of Cancer Stem Cell-Like Cells to Less Aggressive and More Drug-Sensitive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051423. [PMID: 29747452 PMCID: PMC5983664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) is a cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein, which is responsible for structural rigidity and multipurpose scaffolds. In several cancers, KRT19 is overexpressed and may play a crucial role in tumorigenic transformation. In our previous study, we revealed the role of KRT19 as signaling component which mediated Wnt/NOTCH crosstalk through NUMB transcription in breast cancer. Here, we investigated the function of KRT19 in cancer reprogramming and drug resistance in breast cancer cells. We found that expression of KRT19 was attenuated in several patients-derived breast cancer tissues and patients with a low expression of KRT19 were significantly correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Consistently, highly aggressive and drug-resistant breast cancer patient-derived cancer stem cell-like cells (konkuk university-cancer stem cell-like cell (KU-CSLCs)) displayed higher expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, including ALDH1, CXCR4, and CD133, but a much lower expression of KRT19 than that is seen in highly aggressive triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells. Moreover, we revealed that the knockdown of KRT19 in MDA-MB231 cells led to an enhancement of cancer properties, such as cell proliferation, sphere formation, migration, and drug resistance, while the overexpression of KRT19 in KU-CSLCs resulted in the significant attenuation of cancer properties. KRT19 regulated cancer stem cell reprogramming by modulating the expression of cancer stem cell markers (ALDH1, CXCR4, and CD133), as well as the phosphorylation of Src and GSK3β (Tyr216). Therefore, our data may imply that the modulation of KRT19 expression could be involved in cancer stem cell reprogramming and drug sensitivity, which might have clinical implications for cancer or cancer stem cell treatment.
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Jacob JT, Coulombe PA, Kwan R, Omary MB. Types I and II Keratin Intermediate Filaments. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:10/4/a018275. [PMID: 29610398 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Keratins-types I and II-are the intermediate-filament-forming proteins expressed in epithelial cells. They are encoded by 54 evolutionarily conserved genes (28 type I, 26 type II) and regulated in a pairwise and tissue type-, differentiation-, and context-dependent manner. Here, we review how keratins serve multiple homeostatic and stress-triggered mechanical and nonmechanical functions, including maintenance of cellular integrity, regulation of cell growth and migration, and protection from apoptosis. These functions are tightly regulated by posttranslational modifications and keratin-associated proteins. Genetically determined alterations in keratin-coding sequences underlie highly penetrant and rare disorders whose pathophysiology reflects cell fragility or altered tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, keratin mutation or misregulation represents risk factors or genetic modifiers for several additional acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Jacob
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.,Departments of Biological Chemistry, Dermatology, and Oncology, School of Medicine, and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Raymond Kwan
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.,VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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Saha SK, Choi HY, Kim BW, Dayem AA, Yang GM, Kim KS, Yin YF, Cho SG. KRT19 directly interacts with β-catenin/RAC1 complex to regulate NUMB-dependent NOTCH signaling pathway and breast cancer properties. Oncogene 2017; 36:332-349. [PMID: 27345400 PMCID: PMC5270332 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies have reported that interactions between keratins (KRTs) and other proteins initiate signaling cascades that regulate cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. In the current study, we found that expression of KRT19 was specifically high in breast cancers and significantly correlated with their invasiveness. Moreover, knockdown of KRT19 led to increased proliferation, migration, invasion, drug resistance, and sphere formation in breast cancer cells via an upregulated NOTCH signaling pathway. This was owing to reduced expression of NUMB, an inhibitory protein of the NOTCH signaling pathway. In addition, we found that KRT19 interacts with β-catenin/RAC1 complex and enhances the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Concordantly, knockdown of KRT19 suppressed the nuclear translocation of β-catenin as well as β-catenin-mediated NUMB expression. Furthermore, modulation of KRT19-mediated regulation of NUMB and NOTCH1 expression led to the repression of the cancer stem cell properties of breast cancer patient-derived CD133high/CXCR4high/ALDH1high cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs), which showed very low KRT19 and high NOTCH1 expression. Taken together, our study suggests a novel function for KRT19 in the regulation of nuclear import of the β-catenin/RAC1 complex, thus modulating the NUMB-dependent NOTCH signaling pathway in breast cancers and CSLCs, which might bear potential clinical implications for cancer or CSLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Saha
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B W Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A A Dayem
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G-M Yang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y F Yin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-G Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Kawamura R, Shimizu K, Matsumoto Y, Yamagishi A, Silberberg YR, Iijima M, Kuroda S, Fukazawa K, Ishihara K, Nakamura C. High efficiency penetration of antibody-immobilized nanoneedle thorough plasma membrane for in situ detection of cytoskeletal proteins in living cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:74. [PMID: 27809857 PMCID: PMC5094046 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The field of structural dynamics of cytoskeletons in living cells is gathering wide interest, since better understanding of cytoskeleton intracellular organization will provide us with not only insights into basic cell biology but may also enable development of new strategies in regenerative medicine and cancer therapy, fields in which cytoskeleton-dependent dynamics play a pivotal role. The nanoneedle technology is a powerful tool allowing for intracellular investigations, as it can be directly inserted into live cells by penetrating through the plasma membrane causing minimal damage to cells, under the precise manipulation using atomic force microscope. Modifications of the nanoneedles using antibodies have allowed for accurate mechanical detection of various cytoskeletal components, including actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments. However, successful penetration of the nanoneedle through the plasma membrane has been shown to vary greatly between different cell types and conditions. In an effort to overcome this problem and improve the success rate of nanoneedle insertion into the live cells, we have focused here on the fluidity of the membrane lipid bilayer, which may hinder nanoneedle penetration into the cytosolic environment. Results We aimed to reduce apparent fluidity of the membrane by either increasing the approach velocity or reducing experimental temperatures. Although changes in approach velocity did not have much effect, lowering the temperature was found to greatly improve the detection of unbinding forces, suggesting that alteration in the plasma membrane fluidity led to increase in nanoneedle penetration. Conclusions Operation at a lower temperature of 4 °C greatly improved the success rate of nanoneedle insertion to live cells at an optimized approach velocity, while it did not affect the binding of antibodies immobilized on the nanoneedle to vimentins for mechanical detection. As these experimental parameters can be applied to various cell types, these results may improve the versatility of the nanoneedle technology to other cell lines and platforms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0226-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kawamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - K Shimizu
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - A Yamagishi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Y R Silberberg
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - M Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - S Kuroda
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - K Fukazawa
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - K Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - C Nakamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central5 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan. .,Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-26 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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26
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Kim JH, Jin ZW, Murakami G, Cho BH. Characterization of mesenchymal cells beneath cornification of the fetal epithelium and epidermis at the face: an immunohistochemical study using human fetal specimens. Anat Cell Biol 2016; 49:50-60. [PMID: 27051567 PMCID: PMC4819077 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal development of the face involves a specific type of cornification in which keratinocytes provide a mass or plug to fill a cavity. The epithelial-mesenchymal interaction was likely to be different from that in the usual skin. We examined expression of intermediate filaments and other mesenchymal markers beneath cornification in the fetal face. Using sections from 5 mid-term human fetuses at 14–16 weeks, immunohistochemistry was conducted for cytokeratins (CK), vimentin, nestin, glial fibrilary acidic protein, desmin, CD34, CD68 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Fetal zygomatic skin was composed of a thin stratum corneum and a stratum basale (CK5/6+, CK14+, and CK19+) and, as the intermediate layer, 2–3 layered large keratinocytes with nucleus. The basal layer was lined by mono-layered mesenchymal cells (CD34+ and nestin+). Some of basal cells were PCNA-positive. In the keratinocyte plug at the external ear and nose, most cell nuclei expressed PCNA, CK5/6, CK14, and CK19. Vimentin-positive mesenchymal cells migrated into the plug. The PCNA-positive nucleus as well as mesenchymal cell migration was not seen in the lip margin in spite of the thick keratinocyte layer. The lingual epithelium were characterized by the CK7-positive stratum corneum as well as the thick mesenchymal papilla. CD68-positive macrophages were absent in the epidermis/epithelium. Being different from usual cornification of the skin, loss of a mesenchymal monolayer as well as superficial migration of mesenchymal cells might connect with a specific differentiation of keratinocyte to provide a plug at the fetal nose and ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Zhe Wu Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Asuka Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Baik Hwan Cho
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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27
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Lin A, Marchionni L, Sosnowski J, Berman D, Eberhart CG, Bar EE. Role of nestin in glioma invasion. World J Transl Med 2015; 4:78-87. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v4.i3.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the role for the intermediate filament protein nestin in glioma invasion.
METHODS: We examined the expression and function of nestin in gliomas (Grades II-IV as defined by the World Health Organization). We determined nestin expression using Immunohistochemical methods. To elucidate nestin’s biological function(s), we reduced mRNA levels by 61% and 87% in two glioblastoma-derived neurosphere lines using short hairpin RNAs and determined the effect of reduced nestin expression on glioma cell proliferation and invasion using MTS and matrigel migration assays, respectively. We also utilized quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays to determine the effect of reduced nestin expression on the expression of other markers associated with glioma stem cells and their differentiated progenies.
RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between nestin immunoreactivity and astrocytoma tumor grade, with 36% of grade II, 75% of grade III, and 100% of grade IV tumors expressing significant levels of the protein when assessed using immunohistochemistry. Reduction in nestin expression had no effect on cell growth in culture, but did retard the capacity of one line to migrate in-vitro on matrigel. Interestingly, in the line whose migration was not affected, mRNA levels of a second intermediate filament, synemin (also knowns as desmuslin), were elevated following introduction of shRNA targeting nestin. As synemin was not induced in the line which required nestin for migration, it is a possibility that synemin may compensate for the loss of nestin in this process.
CONCLUSION: Nestin expression is prominent in high-grade astrocytomas. Nestin is not required for cell growth but it may, however, be required for cell motility.
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28
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Wang ZS, Guo WD, Wu LQ, Yi X, Geng C, Li YJ, Yao RY. Use of Cytokeratin-19 Concentration to Assess Early Recurrence and Prognosis of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma following Radical Resection in Patients with a Low Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein Concentration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142727. [PMID: 26588210 PMCID: PMC4654560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) is a prognostic indicator of recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following radical resection. To investigate the role of CK-19 in assessment of early recurrence and prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC following radical resection. In total, 235 patients with HBV-related HCC (age, 15-82 years; mean age, 54 ± 10 years) undergoing radical resection were screened for inclusion from January 2005 to December 2010. Malignant tissues and adjacent non-malignant tissues were sampled during surgery, and CK-19 and Ki-67 expression was determined by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. CK-19 mRNA levels in 30 randomly selected frozen HCC specimens were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from January 2011 to June 2011. Correlations of CK-19 and Ki-67 expression with tumor recurrence, metastasis, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Elevated CK-19 expression was correlated with early recurrence (P = 0.001), shorter DFS (P = 0.001), and reduced OS (P = 0.010). CK-19 expression was correlated with the Ki-67 index (P = 0.037), histological differentiation (P = 0.016), focal number (P = 0.044), and blood vessel tumor embolism (P = 0.002). Patients with metastasis within 1 year exhibited stronger CK-19 expression than did patients without metastasis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, early recurrence was associated with elevated CK-19 mRNA levels (χ2 = 5.761, P = 0.016).When confirmed by a low alpha-fetoprotein concentration (<400 μg/L), CK-19 expression in surgical biopsy specimens taken from patients with HCC during radical resection is an additional valuable indicator of early recurrence, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis in HBV-positive patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Keratin-19/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/surgery
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery
- Prognosis
- alpha-Fetoproteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Sen Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Wei-Dong Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Li-Qun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Yu-Jun Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Ru-Yong Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
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Heine P, Ehrlicher A, Käs J. Neuronal and metastatic cancer cells: Unlike brothers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:3126-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Order and disorder in intermediate filament proteins. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2464-76. [PMID: 26231765 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs), important components of the cytoskeleton, provide a versatile, tunable network of self-assembled proteins. IF proteins contain three distinct domains: an α-helical structured rod domain, flanked by intrinsically disordered head and tail domains. Recent studies demonstrated the functional importance of the disordered domains, which differ in length and amino-acid sequence among the 70 different human IF genes. Here, we investigate the biophysical properties of the disordered domains, and review recent findings on the interactions between them. Our analysis highlights key components governing IF functional roles in the cytoskeleton, where the intrinsically disordered domains dictate protein-protein interactions, supramolecular assembly, and macro-scale order.
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31
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Ding Y, Yu AQ, Li CL, Fang J, Zeng Y, Li DS. TALEN-mediated Nanog disruption results in less invasiveness, more chemosensitivity and reversal of EMT in Hela cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8393-401. [PMID: 25245189 PMCID: PMC4226691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that Nanog is involved in cervical tumorigenesis. However, the regulating role of Nanog in tumorigenesis and chemosensitivity are still poorly understood. In this study, Nanog was disrupted by transcription activatorlike effector nucleases (TALEN) in Hela cells and its expression was significantly decreased in a single-cell derived sub-clone with biallelic mutations. The disruption of Nanog not only induced down regulation of some other core transcription factor genes for cell self-renewal, such as Oct4, Sox2 and FoxD3, but also led to the down regulation of some mesenchymal representative genes, vimentin and N-adherin, and up regulation of the epithelial gene, E-cadherin. In addition, the invasiveness and clonogenicity of the Hela cells were obviously affected, and surprisingly their sensitivities to anti-cancer drugs were also significantly increased in vitro. After Xenograft into nude mice, the growth volumes of the neoplasms from the Nanog disrupted Hela cells were significantly smaller compared with those from wild type ones. In conclusion, these results suggest that disruption of Nanog may reverse the status of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is critical in tumorigenesis, and alleviate chemoresistance, as well as their invasiveness, in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China. College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Qing Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Lin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Sheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Pøhl M, Olsen KE, Holst R, Donnem T, Busund LT, Bremnes RM, Al-Saad S, Andersen S, Richardsen E, Ditzel HJ, Hansen O. Keratin 34betaE12/keratin7 expression is a prognostic factor of cancer-specific and overall survival in patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Oncol 2015; 55:167-77. [PMID: 26057535 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2015.1049291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinomas and their metastases often retain the keratin patterns of their epithelial origin, and are therefore useful as lineage-specific markers in diagnostic pathology. Recently, it has become clear that intermediate filaments composed by keratins play a role in modulation of cell proliferation, migration, and possibly cancer invasion, factors impacting prognosis in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Tumor tissue from a retrospective Danish cohort of 177 patients with completely resected NSCLC, stage I-IIIA tumors, were analyzed for keratin 7 (K7) and keratin 34βE12 expression by immunohistochemistry and validated in a comparable independent Norwegian cohort of 276 stage I-IIIA NSCLC patients. RESULTS Based on keratin 34βE12/K7 expression, three subgroups with significantly different median cancer-specific survival rates were identified (34βE12+/K7+, 168 months vs. 34βE12+/K7+, 73 months vs. 34βE12-/K7+, 30 months; p = 0.0004). In multivariate analysis, stage II-IIIA (HR 2.9), 34βE12+/K7+ (HR 1.90) and 34βE12-/K7+ (HR 3.7), were prognostic factors of poor cancer-specific survival (CSS) (p < 0.001). Validation in the Norwegian cohort confirmed that stage II-IIIA (HR 2.3), 34βE12+/K7+ (HR 1.6), and 34βE12-/K7+ (HR 2.0) were prognostic factors of poor CSS (p < 0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional-hazard analysis demonstrated that 34βE12+/K7 + and 34βE12+/K7 + status was significantly associated with poor overall survival (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Keratin 34βE12/K7 expression is a prognostic parameter in resected early stage NSCLC that allows identification of high-risk NSCLC patients with poor cancer-specific and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Pøhl
- a Department of Oncology , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
- b Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
- f Department of Oncology , Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Karen Ege Olsen
- b Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
- c Department of Pathology , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Rene Holst
- d Department of Statistics , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Tom Donnem
- g Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromso , Tromso , Norway
- h Department of Oncology , University Hospital of North Norway , Tromso , Norway
| | - Lill-Tove Busund
- i Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromso , Tromso , Norway
- j Department of Clinical Pathology , University Hospital of North Norway , Tromso , Norway
| | - Roy M Bremnes
- g Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromso , Tromso , Norway
- h Department of Oncology , University Hospital of North Norway , Tromso , Norway
| | - Samer Al-Saad
- i Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromso , Tromso , Norway
- j Department of Clinical Pathology , University Hospital of North Norway , Tromso , Norway
| | - Sigve Andersen
- g Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromso , Tromso , Norway
- h Department of Oncology , University Hospital of North Norway , Tromso , Norway
| | - Elin Richardsen
- i Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromso , Tromso , Norway
- j Department of Clinical Pathology , University Hospital of North Norway , Tromso , Norway
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- a Department of Oncology , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
- e Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research , Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Olfred Hansen
- a Department of Oncology , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
- b Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
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Gaspar D, Freire JM, Pacheco TR, Barata JT, Castanho MA. Apoptotic human neutrophil peptide-1 anti-tumor activity revealed by cellular biomechanics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:308-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Field JJ, Kanakkanthara A, Miller JH. Microtubule-targeting agents are clinically successful due to both mitotic and interphase impairment of microtubule function. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5050-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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The motile breast cancer phenotype roles of proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:124321. [PMID: 25140302 PMCID: PMC4129668 DOI: 10.1155/2014/124321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The consecutive stages of cancer growth and dissemination are obligatorily perpetrated through specific interactions of the tumor cells with their microenvironment. Importantly, cell-associated and tumor microenvironment glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/proteoglycan (PG) content and distribution are markedly altered during tumor pathogenesis and progression. GAGs and PGs perform multiple functions in specific stages of the metastatic cascade due to their defined structure and ability to interact with both ligands and receptors regulating cancer pathogenesis. Thus, GAGs/PGs may modulate downstream signaling of key cellular mediators including insulin growth factor receptor (IGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptors (ERs), or Wnt members. In the present review we will focus on breast cancer motility in correlation with their GAG/PG content and critically discuss mechanisms involved. Furthermore, new approaches involving GAGs/PGs as potential prognostic/diagnostic markers or as therapeutic agents for cancer-related pathologies are being proposed.
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Sizemore GM, Sizemore ST, Seachrist DD, Keri RA. GABA(A) receptor pi (GABRP) stimulates basal-like breast cancer cell migration through activation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24102-13. [PMID: 25012653 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprised of distinct subtypes predictive of patient outcome. Tumors of the basal-like subtype have a poor prognosis due to inherent aggressiveness and the lack of targeted therapeutics. Basal-like tumors typically lack estrogen receptor-α, progesterone receptor and HER2/ERBB2, or in other words they are triple negative (TN). Continued evaluation of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) biology is essential to identify novel therapeutic targets. Expression of the pi subunit of the GABA(A) receptor (GABRP) is associated with the BLBC/TN subtype, and herein, we reveal its expression also correlates with metastases to the brain and poorer patient outcome. GABRP expression in breast cancer cell lines also demonstrates a significant correlation with the basal-like subtype suggesting that GABRP functions in the initiation and/or progression of basal-like tumors. To address this postulate, we stably silenced GABRP in two BLBC cell lines, HCC1187 and HCC70 cells. Decreased GABRP reduces in vitro tumorigenic potential and migration concurrent with alterations in the cytoskeleton, specifically diminished cellular protrusions and expression of the BLBC-associated cytokeratins, KRT5, KRT6B, KRT14, and KRT17. Silencing GABRP also decreases phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in both cell lines and selective inhibition of ERK1/2 similarly decreases the basal-like cytokeratins as well as migration. Combined, these data reveal a GABRP-ERK1/2-cytokeratin axis that maintains the migratory phenotype of basal-like breast cancer. GABRP is a component of a cell surface receptor, thus, these findings suggest that targeting this new signaling axis may have therapeutic potential in BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruth A Keri
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Genetics and Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Sakr SA, Abdel-Wahed MM, El-Sahra DG. Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis between urothelial carcinoma and prostate adenocarcinoma among Egyptian patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:685-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Fazilaty H, Mehdipour P. Genetics of breast cancer bone metastasis: a sequential multistep pattern. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:595-612. [PMID: 24493024 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis accounts for the vast majority of breast cancer (BC) metastases, and is related to a high rate of morbidity and mortality. A number of seminal studies have uncovered gene expression signatures involved in BC development and bone metastasis; each of them points at a distinct step of the 'invasion-metastasis cascade'. In this review, we provide most recently discovered functions of sets of genes that are selected from widely accepted gene signatures that are implicate in BC progression and bone metastasis. We propose a possible sequential pattern of gene expression that may lead a benign primary breast tumor to get aggressiveness and progress toward bone metastasis. A panel of genes which primarily deal with features like DNA replication, survival, proliferation, then, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion has been identified. TGF-β, FGF, NFκB, WNT, PI3K, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, as the key pathways involved in breast cancer development and metastasis, are evidently regulated by several genes in all three signatures. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition that is also an important mechanism in cancer stem cell generation and metastasis is evidently regulated by these genes. This review provides a comprehensive insight regarding breast cancer bone metastasis that may lead to a better understanding of the disease and take step toward better treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Fazilaty
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour Sina Street, P.O. Box: 14176-13151, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
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Hsu PC, Liao YF, Lin CL, Lin WH, Liu GY, Hung HC. Vimentin is involved in peptidylarginine deiminase 2-induced apoptosis of activated Jurkat cells. Mol Cells 2014; 37:426-34. [PMID: 24850148 PMCID: PMC4044315 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase type 2 (PADI2) deiminates (or citrullinates) arginine residues in protein to citrulline residues in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and is found in lymphocytes and macrophages. Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein and a well-known substrate of PADI2. Citrullinated vimentin is found in ionomycin-induced macrophage apoptosis. Citrullinated vimentin is the target of anti-Sa antibodies, which are specific to rheumatoid arthritis, and play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease. To investigate the role of PADI2 in apoptosis, we generated a Jurkat cell line that overexpressed the PADI2 transgene from a tetracycline-inducible promoter, and used a combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and ionomycin to activate Jurkat cells. We found that PADI2 overexpression reduced the cell viability of activated Jurkat cells in1a dose- and time-dependent manner. The PADI2-overexpressed and -activated Jurkat cells presented typical manifestations of apoptosis, and exhibited greater levels of citrullinated proteins, including citrullinated vimentin. Vimentin overexpression rescued a portion of the cells from apoptosis. In conclusion, PADI2 overexpression induces apoptosis in activated Jurkat cells. Vimentin is involved in PADI2-induced apoptosis. Moreover, PADI2-overexpressed Jurkat cells secreted greater levels of vimentin after activation, and expressed more vimentin on their cell surfaces when undergoing apoptosis. Through artificially highlighting PADI2 and vimentin, we demonstrated that PADI2 and vimentin participate in the apoptotic mechanisms of activated T lymphocytes. The secretion and surface expression of vimentin are possible ways of autoantigen presentation to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Da-Chien General Hospital, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fan Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Chin-Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
| | - Wen-Hao Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yaw Liu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, and Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
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40
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Dhanwani R, Khan M, Lomash V, Rao PVL, Ly H, Parida M. Characterization of chikungunya virus induced host response in a mouse model of viral myositis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92813. [PMID: 24667237 PMCID: PMC3965460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While a number of studies have documented the persistent presence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in muscle tissue with primary fibroblast as the preferable cell target, little is known regarding the alterations that take place in muscle tissue in response to CHIKV infection. Hence, in the present study a permissive mouse model of CHIKV infection was established and characterized in order to understand the pathophysiology of the disease. The two dimensional electrophoresis of muscle proteome performed for differential analysis indicated a drastic reprogramming of the proteins from various classes like stress, inflammation, cytoskeletal, energy and lipid metabolism. The roles of the affected proteins were explained in relation to virus induced myopathy which was further supported by the histopathological and behavioural experiments proving the lack of hind limb coordination and other loco-motor abnormalities in the infected mice. Also, the level of various pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-6, MCP-1, Rantes and TNF-α was significantly elevated in muscles of infected mice. Altogether this comprehensive study of characterizing CHIKV induced mouse myopathy provides many potential targets for further evaluation and biomarker study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Dhanwani
- Department of Virology, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, India
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Department of Virology, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, India
| | - Vinay Lomash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, India
| | | | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnestoa, United States of America
| | - Manmohan Parida
- Department of Virology, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, India
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41
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Liu X, Wang D, Liu H, Feng Y, Zhu T, Zhang L, Zhu B, Zhang Y. Knockdown of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in cervical cancer cells decreases their invasiveness, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and chemoresistance. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1702-7. [PMID: 24675891 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During cancer development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) facilitates tumor dissemination and metastatic spread, which is characterized by morphologic changes from epithelial cells to fibroblast-like cells, disassembly of intercellular junction, and increased cell motility. Overexpression of astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1) in various cancer cell lines and cancers has been found to be associated with aggressive tumor behavior. We found that AEG-1 expression was elevated in low differentiation cervical cancer specimens from patients. However, little is known about the AEG-1's precise role in invasion and metastasis. Here we demonstrate that downregulation of AEG-1 by RNAi significantly decreased the invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells, suggesting that AEG-1 overexpression may enhance cancer cell motility by inducing EMT. Downregulation of AEG-1 also led to reduced expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin and the transcription factor Snail but upregulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin in HeLa cells. In addition, knockdown of AEG-1 decreased colony forming units and increased sensitivity to cancer drugs in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest that knockdown of AEG-1 could decrease EMT and chemoresistance in cervical cancer cells and attenuate their aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Liu
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University, China; Institute of Pathogenic Biology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University; China
| | - Degui Wang
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Gansu Provincial People's Hospital; Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Pathology; the First Hospital of Lanzhou University; China
| | - Tianyuan Zhu
- Hysteroscopic Center, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Lanzhou City; Lanzhou, China
| | - Lang Zhang
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University, China
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University; China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University; China; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology; Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, USA
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Menko AS, Bleaken BM, Libowitz AA, Zhang L, Stepp MA, Walker JL. A central role for vimentin in regulating repair function during healing of the lens epithelium. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:776-90. [PMID: 24478454 PMCID: PMC3952848 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-12-0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique ex vivo mock cataract surgery model is used to study the role of vimentin in repair cell function during wound healing within a clinically relevant setting. Vimentin is found to be critical for the function of repair cells in directing the collective migration of the epithelium during wound healing. Mock cataract surgery provides a unique ex vivo model for studying wound repair in a clinically relevant setting. Here wound healing involves a classical collective migration of the lens epithelium, directed at the leading edge by an innate mesenchymal subpopulation of vimentin-rich repair cells. We report that vimentin is essential to the function of repair cells as the directors of the wound-healing process. Vimentin and not actin filaments are the predominant cytoskeletal elements in the lamellipodial extensions of the repair cells at the wound edge. These vimentin filaments link to paxillin-containing focal adhesions at the lamellipodial tips. Microtubules are involved in the extension of vimentin filaments in repair cells, the elaboration of vimentin-rich protrusions, and wound closure. The requirement for vimentin in repair cell function is revealed by both small interfering RNA vimentin knockdown and exposure to the vimentin-targeted drug withaferin A. Perturbation of vimentin impairs repair cell function and wound closure. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis reveals for the first time that myosin IIB is associated with vimentin, linking vimentin function in cell migration to myosin II motor proteins. These studies reveal a critical role for vimentin in repair cell function in regulating the collective movement of the epithelium in response to wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 Wills Vision Research Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA 19107 Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
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Wu MS, Li CH, Ruppert JG, Chang CC. Cytokeratin 8-MHC class I interactions: a potential novel immune escape phenotype by a lymph node metastatic carcinoma cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:618-23. [PMID: 24183726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Defective human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression in malignant cells facilitates their escape from destruction by CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In this study, a post-translational mechanism of HLA class I abnormality that does not involve defects in the HLA subunits and antigen processing machinery components was identified and characterized. The marked HLA class I downregulation phenotype of a metastatic carcinoma cell line can be readily reversed by trypsin, suggesting a masking effect by serine protease-sensitive HLA class I-interacting factors. Co-immunoprecipitation, combined with LC-tandem mass spectrometry and immunoblotting identified these factors as cytokeratin (CK) 8 and its heterodimeric partners CK18 and CK19. Ectopic CK8/18 or CK8/19 expression in HEK293 cells resulted in surface CK8 expression with an HLA class I downregulation phenotype, while redirecting CK8/18 and CK8/19 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) had no such effect. This observation and the failure to constrain CK8/18 and CK8/19 membrane trafficking by an ER-Golgi transport inhibitor suggested an ER-independent route for CK8 access to HLA class I molecules. Monoclonal antibody mapping revealed a potential CK8 blockade of HLA class I-CD8 and -TCR contacts. These findings, along with the emerging role of cell surface CK8 in cancer metastasis, may imply a dual strategy for tumor cell survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Syue Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Abstract
M30 and M65 are relatively new assays that detect different circulating forms of the epithelial cell structural protein cytokeratin 18. This study was carried out to investigate the serum levels of M30 and M65 in patients with melanoma and the relationship with tumor progression and known prognostic parameters. Fifty-two patients with cutaneous melanoma were investigated. Serum samples were obtained on first admission before adjuvant and metastatic treatment were provided and at follow-up. Both serum M30 and M65 levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median age of patients at diagnosis was 54 years, range 16-88 years; 30 patients were men. Over half of the patients (58%) were in the metastatic stage and most (63%) had M1c. The baseline serum M65 levels were significantly higher in patients with melanoma than in the control group (P < 0.001). For the serum M30 levels, no difference was found (P = 0.76). Both the serum M30 and M65 levels were significantly higher in the patients with leukocytosis (P = 0.02 and 0.007, respectively). In addition, the serum M30 levels were also elevated in young (P = 0.02) and female patients (P = 0.01). A significant relationship was found between the serum levels of M30 and M65 (rs = 0.408, P = 0.003, Spearman's correlation). As expected, distant metastasis (P < 0.001), advanced metastatic stage (M1c) (P = 0.03), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.001), higher serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (P < 0.001), and unresponsiveness to chemotherapy (P < 0.001) had worse survival. However, neither serum M30 nor serum M65 had a significantly adverse effect on survival (P = 0.23 and 0.68, respectively). In conclusion, although only serum M65 levels were found to be of diagnostic value, neither M30 nor M65 serum levels played a prognostic role in the outcome in melanoma patients.
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Abstract
MDM2 binding protein (MTBP) is a protein that interacts with oncoprotein murine double minute (MDM2), a major inhibitor of the tumor suppressor p53. Overexpression of MTBP leads to p53-independent cell proliferation arrest, which is in turn blocked by simultaneous overexpression of MDM2. Importantly, reduced expression of MTBP in mice increases tumor metastasis and enhances migratory potential of mouse embryonic fibroblasts regardless of the presence of p53. Clinically, loss of MTBP expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with reduced patient survival, and is shown to serve as an independent prognostic factor when p53 is mutated in tumors. These results indicate the involvement of MTBP in suppressing tumor progression. Our recent findings demonstrate that overexpression of MTBP in human osteosarcoma cells lacking wild-type p53 inhibits metastasis, but not primary tumor growth, when cells are transplanted in femurs of immunocompromised mice. These data indicate that MTBP functions as a metastasis suppressor independent of p53 status. Furthermore, overexpression of MTBP suppresses cell migration and filopodia formation, in part, by inhibiting function of an actin crosslinking protein α-actinin-4. Thus, increasing evidence indicates the significance of MTBP in tumor progression. We summarize published results related to MTBP function and discuss caveats and future directions in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Iwakuma
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow blvd., Wahl East, Room 2005, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Chen ZA, Bao MY, Xu YF, Zha RP, Shi HB, Chen TY, He XH. Suppression of Human Liver Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion via the GABAA Receptor. Cancer Biol Med 2013; 9:90-8. [PMID: 23691461 PMCID: PMC3643652 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3941.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the roles of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore the potential of a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC. Methods The expression levels of GABA receptor subunit genes in various HCC cell lines and patients‘ tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Transwell cell migration and invasion assays were carried out for functional analysis. The effects of GABA on liver cancer cell cytoskeletal were determined by immunofluorescence staining. And the effects of GABA on HCC metastasis in nude mice were evaluated using an in vivo orthotopic model of liver cancer. Results The mRNA level of GABA receptor subunits varied between the primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and the adjacent non-tumor liver tissue. GABA inhibited human liver cancer cell migration and invasion via the ionotropic GABAA receptor as a result of the induction of liver cancer cell cytoskeletal reorganization. Pretreatment with GABA also significantly reduced intrahepatic liver metastasis and primary tumor formation in vivo. Conclusions These findings introduce a potential and novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer patients based on the modulation of the GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Fei J, Li J, Shen S, Zhou W. Characterization of TRIP6-dependent nasopharyngeal cancer cell migration. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2329-35. [PMID: 23576104 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a leading malignancy most often reported in endemic areas such as in Southeast Asia and the Mediterranean area. NPC remains as a major challenge for clinical management largely due to its high propensity for cancer invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. Therefore, control of NPC cell motility stands as a major obstacle for successful NPC management. The current study sought to identify a new regulator for NPC cell motility in light of previous data showing a similar role of thyroid receptor interactor protein 6 (TRIP6) in other cancer cell types. Results showed that TRIP6 is up-regulated in NPC cells as compared to normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Moreover, TRIP6 overexpression/knockdown results in significant enhancement/inhibition of NPC cell migration, respectively. Interestingly, data also suggested that TRIP6 Y55E (tyrosine 55 to glutamic acid) mutant can promote cell migration more efficiently than wild type does, while Y55A (tyrosine 55 to alanine) mutant has no effects on cell migration as demonstrated with different methodology. Consistently, we also found that c-Src physically interacts with TRIP6, which suggests its potential role as a TRIP6 kinase. Taken together, these data suggested that TRIP6 is involved in the regulation of NPC cell motility, and phosphorylation of tyrosine 55 residue plays an important regulatory role for this event. These data highlight the importance of TRIP6 as a novel regulator of NPC cell motility, which warrants a good basis for further investigation on the underlying mechanism by which TRIP6 exerts this effect and the pathophysiological role TRIP6 plays in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214000, China
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Golubnitschaja O, Yeghiazaryan K, Costigliola V, Trog D, Braun M, Debald M, Kuhn W, Schild HH. Risk assessment, disease prevention and personalised treatments in breast cancer: is clinically qualified integrative approach in the horizon? EPMA J 2013; 4:6. [PMID: 23418957 PMCID: PMC3615949 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease. A spectrum of internal and external factors contributes to the disease promotion such as a genetic predisposition, chronic inflammatory processes, exposure to toxic compounds, abundant stress factors, a shift-worker job, etc. The cumulative effects lead to high incidence of breast cancer in populations worldwide. Breast cancer in the USA is currently registered with the highest incidence rates amongst all cancer related patient cohorts. Currently applied diagnostic approaches are frequently unable to recognise early stages in tumour development that impairs individual outcomes. Early diagnosis has been demonstrated to be highly beneficial for significantly enhanced therapy efficacy and possibly full recovery. Actual paper shows that the elaboration of an integrative diagnostic approach combining several levels of examinations creates a robust platform for the reliable risk assessment, targeted preventive measures and more effective treatments tailored to the person in the overall task of breast cancer management. The levels of examinations are proposed, and innovative technological approaches are described in the paper. The absolute necessity to create individual patient profiles and extended medical records is justified for the utilising by routine medical services. Expert recommendations are provided to promote further developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- Department of Radiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str, 25, Bonn, 53105, Germany.
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50
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Iyer SV, Dange PP, Alam H, Sawant SS, Ingle AD, Borges AM, Shirsat NV, Dalal SN, Vaidya MM. Understanding the role of keratins 8 and 18 in neoplastic potential of breast cancer derived cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53532. [PMID: 23341946 PMCID: PMC3546083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a complex disease which cannot be defined merely by clinical parameters like lymph node involvement and histological grade, or by routinely used biomarkers like estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PGR) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in diagnosis and prognosis. Breast cancer originates from the epithelial cells. Keratins (K) are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins of epithelial cells and changes in the expression pattern of keratins have been seen during malignant transformation in the breast. Expression of the K8/18 pair is seen in the luminal cells of the breast epithelium, and its role in prognostication of breast cancer is not well understood. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we have modulated K8 expression to understand the role of the K8/18 pair in three different breast epithelium derived cell lines: non-transformed MCF10A, transformed but poorly invasive MDA MB 468 and highly invasive MDA MB 435. The up-regulation of K8 in the invasive MDA MB 435 cell line resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation, motility, in-vitro invasion, tumor volume and lung metastasis. The down-regulation of K8 in MDA MB 468 resulted in a significant increase in transformation potential, motility and invasion in-vitro, while MCF10A did not show any changes in cell transformation assays. Conclusions/Significance These results indicate the role of K8/18 in modulating invasion in breast cancer -its presence correlating with less invasive phenotype and absence correlating with highly invasive, dedifferentiated phenotype. These data may have important implications for prognostication of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna V. Iyer
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prerana P. Dange
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Hunain Alam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sharada S. Sawant
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind D. Ingle
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Anita M. Borges
- Department of Histopathology, Asian Institute of Oncology, S.L. Raheja Hospital, Mahim, Mumbai, India
| | - Neelam V. Shirsat
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sorab N. Dalal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Milind M. Vaidya
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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