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Srivastava BD, Srivastava M, Srivastav SK, Urata M, Suzuki N, Srivastav AK. Ameliorative effects of jamun seed and orange peel extracts on microcystin LR induced alterations in calcitonin cells and parathyroid gland of rats. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:571-578. [PMID: 33135864 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated changes in calcitonin cells (C-cells) and parathyroid glands (PTG) induced by microcystin LR (MCLR) exposure to rats and evaluated ameliorative effects of jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed (JSE) and orange (Citrus sinensis) peel (OPE) extracts. Wistar rats were treated as-Group A (control), Group B (MCLR), Group C (MCLR + JSE), Group D (MCLT + OPE), Group E (OPE) and Group F (JSE). Microcystin dose was (10 μg/kg body wt/day whereas OPE and JSE dose was 200 mg/kg body wt/day. Thyroid and PTG were fixed on 15 and 30 days following the treatment. C-cells of treated rats for 15 days with MCLR; MCLR + JSE and MCLR + OPE exhibit degranulation, mitochondrial swelling and prominent RER. In MCLR treated rats few cells completely lack secretory granules. After 30 days MCLR treatment accumulation of secretory granules and degeneration were noticed in C-cells. C-cell nuclear volume (NV) of MCLR, MCLR + JSE and MCLT + OPE treated rats show an increase. In MCLR, MCLR + JSE and MCLR + OPE treated rats PTG exhibit hyperchromatic nuclei, nuclear elongation and increased NV after 15 days. After 30 days MCLR treatment nuclei of PTG become more hyperchromatic, more elongated, show degeneration of nuclei and increase in NV. NV is increased in Group C and Group D. PTG remain unaltered 30 days following treatment with OPE and JSE. Microcystin LR provoke physiological effects on the blood calcium and alterations in C cells and PTG, which cause serious threat to organism. These changes can be protected by JSE and OPE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Digvijai Nath P.G. College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Makoto Urata
- Institute of Noto SATOUMI Education Research, Noto-cho, Ishikawa, Japan.,Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ajai Kumar Srivastav
- Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Metscher B. A simple nuclear contrast staining method for microCT-based 3D histology using lead(II) acetate. J Anat 2020; 238:1036-1041. [PMID: 33140846 PMCID: PMC7930760 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray microtomography (microCT) enables histological-scale 3D imaging of many types of biological samples, but it has yet to rival traditional histology for differentiation of tissue types and cell components. This report presents prima facie results indicating that a simple lead(II) acetate staining solution can impart preferential X-ray contrast to cell nuclei. While not strictly selective for nuclei, the staining reflects local cell-density differences. It can be applied in a single overnight treatment and does not require hematoxylin staining or drying of the sample. The stain is removable with EDTA, and it may enhance early calcifications. A basic protocol is given as a guide for further testing and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Metscher
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Theoretical Biology Unit, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Blando-Hoegler CF, Hoegler CS. Modified lead hematoxylin-tartrazine yellow stain highlights changes in aortic wall after balloon angioplasty. J Histotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2018.1483548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl S. Hoegler
- Division of Natural Sciences, Mount Saint Mary College, Newburgh, NY, USA
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Deshmukh SN, Dive AM, Moharil R, Munde P. Enigmatic insight into collagen. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:276-83. [PMID: 27601823 PMCID: PMC4989561 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.185932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a unique, triple helical molecule which forms the major part of extracellular matrix. It is the most abundant protein in the human body, representing 30% of its dry weight. It is the fibrous structural protein that makes up the white fibers (collagen fibers) of skin, tendons, bones, cartilage and all other connective tissues. Collagens are not only essential for the mechanical resistance and resilience of multicellular organisms, but are also signaling molecules defining cellular shape and behavior. The human body has at least 16 types of collagen, but the most prominent types are I, II and III. Collagens are produced by several cell types and are distinguishable by their molecular compositions, morphologic characteristics, distribution, functions and pathogenesis. This is the major fibrous glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix and in connective tissue and helps in maintaining the structural integrity of these tissues. It has a triple helical structure. Various studies have proved that mutations that modify folding of the triple helix result in identifiable genetic disorders. Collagen diseases share certain similarities with autoimmune diseases, because autoantibodies specific to each collagen disease are produced. Therefore, this review highlights the role of collagen in normal health and also the disorders associated with structural and functional defects in collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrutal Narendra Deshmukh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr. RRK Dental College and Research Centre, Akola, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alka M Dive
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VSPM'S DCRC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohit Moharil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VSPM'S DCRC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Munde
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VSPM'S DCRC, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Tripathi S, Suzuki N, Srivastav AK. Response of serum minerals (calcium, phosphate, and magnesium) and endocrine glands (calcitonin cells and parathyroid gland) of wistar rat after chlorpyrifos administration. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:673-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarojni Tripathi
- Department of Zoology; DDU Gorakhpur University; Gorakhpur; 273009; India
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology; Kanazawa University; Noto-Cho; Ishikawa; 927-0553; Japan
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Tagliafierro G, Faraldi G, Pozzi MG. Ultrastructure of the pyloric endocrine cells in the cartilaginous fishScyliorhinus stellaris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/11250008409439468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hage E. Endocrine cells in the bronchial mucosa of human foetuses. ACTA PATHOLOGICA ET MICROBIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. SECTION A, PATHOLOGY 2009; 79:307-8. [PMID: 4102471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb01824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hage E. Endocrine cells in the bronchial mucosa of human foetuses. ACTA PATHOLOGICA ET MICROBIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. SECTION A, PATHOLOGY 2009; 80:225-34. [PMID: 4112829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1972.tb02169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kovoor J, Muñoz‐Cuevas A, Ortega‐Escobar J. Diel morphological changes in the photoreceptors ofLycosa tarentula(Araneae, Lycosidae). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09291019509360342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kovoor
- a Chargé de recherche, CNRS‐MNHN (UMS 826) , Laboratoire de Zoologie ‐Arthropodes , 61 rue de Buffon, Paris Cedex 05, 75231, France
| | - Arturo Muñoz‐Cuevas
- a Chargé de recherche, CNRS‐MNHN (UMS 826) , Laboratoire de Zoologie ‐Arthropodes , 61 rue de Buffon, Paris Cedex 05, 75231, France
| | - Joaquin Ortega‐Escobar
- b Professor of Psychobiology , Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Departamento de Psicologia bio‐logica y de la Salud. , Canto Blanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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Abstract
The older metal-hematoxylin stains stain a broad spectrum of tissue components. Several recently introduced metal-hematoxylin stains are highly selective. This selectivity is usually bought at the price of severe limitations on the choice of fixative. A very dilute (2 x 10(-4)M) aluminum hematoxylin is selective for nucleic acids in tissues fixed in organic solvents alone. Vanadate hematoxylin is selective for basic proteins in tissues fixed in formaldehyde or mercuric salts. Bismuth hematoxylin is selective for arginine residues and thus for histones and myelin basic protein in tissues fixed in strong acids (Bouin's fluid or SUSA fluid). Zirconyl hematoxylin is selective for acidic mucins. Zirconyl hematoxylin does not restrict the choice of fixative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Smith
- School of Graduate Medical Sciences, Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL 33161, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroendocrine (NE) cells in the human prostate gland probably have a local regulatory role in both prostatic growth and differentiation as well as in the exocrine secretory process. Moreover, NE cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of both prostatic cancer and hyperplasia. To enhance the knowledge of the physiological and pathophysiological role of NE cells in the prostate gland, we wanted to establish an experimental animal model. METHODS All lobes of the prostatic complex of rats with different serum levels of testosterone, as well as the prostate of the guinea pig, cat, and dog, were studied. Prostatic tissue fixed in different fixatives was studied with regard to NE cells by using cytochemical and immunohistochemical staining techniques, as well as Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of rat chromogranin A (CgA) mRNA. RESULTS The present study indicates the absence of NE cells in the rat prostatic complex. No expression of CgA RNA was detectable either by Northern blotting or by RT-PCR. Only a few argyrophil cells in the prostatic complex of guinea pig were detected in tissue fixed in Bouin's solution. CONCLUSIONS Rat, guinea pig, cat, and dog are not suitable animals in physiological studies of NE cells in the prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Angelsen
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Norwegian University of Technology and Science, Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that neuroepithelial endocrine cells and organoid clusters of these cells termed neuroepithelial bodies are widely distributed in the respiratory tract of vertebrates. This review focuses on the neuroepithelial endocrine system in the airway epithelium of mammals according to observations made in a wide range of species, as it appears in light and electron microscopy by means of various visualization techniques under normal and experimental conditions. Because there are similarities but also marked differences between species, wherever possible studies in human airways are emphasized. Conventional histochemical and ultrastructural studies including microspectrofluorimetry have demonstrated the amine-handling properties and the presence of neurosecretory granules in neuroendocrine cells of the epithelium of all mammals studies so far. The neuroepithelial bodies are innervated by morphological afferent- and efferentlike synaptic specializations. These, together with the presence of reciprocal synapses, emphasize that these cells may be involved in dual functions of chemoreception and secretion. Light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry has demonstrated that neuroepithelial endocrine cells may contain various biogenic agents, suggesting that the neuroendocrine system is highly heterogeneous. Neural elements may interact in a complex manner, and the activation of certain neural pathways may control the release of biogenic substances to influence physiological airway functions. They may be particularly relevant in pulmonary diseases. Consequently, the function of this system is complex and it is highly probable that many of its aspects are still not elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Scheuermann
- Department of Morphology, University of Antwerp (RUCA), Belgium
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Bishop AE, Polak JM. Gastrointestinal endocrine tumours. Pathology. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 1996; 10:555-69. [PMID: 9113312 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3528(96)90013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumours can form in any part of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common types are the ECL cell tumours of the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach, G cell tumours of the duodenum, argentaffin, EC cell tumours of the small intestine and L cell tumours of the large bowel. The only well-defined clinical syndromes associated with hormone hypersecretion are ZES, resulting from duodenal gastrinomas, and carcinoid syndrome, caused by malignant argentaffin tumours. Genetic predisposition has been demonstrated for some tumour types, e.g. duodenal gastrinoma in MEN 1 and duodenal somatostatin cell tumours in MEN 2. Other factors predisposing to the genesis of these lesions include circulating hormone levels and the maintenance of chronic inflammatory states. As with most neuroendocrine tumours, malignant potential is difficult to assess on the basis of histology alone and prognostic evaluation depends more on size and evidence of local invasion and/or distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Bishop
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK
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Schumacher U, Klein P, Plötz J, Welsch U. Histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural investigations on the gastrointestinal system of Antarctic seals: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) and crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophagus). J Morphol 1995; 225:229-49. [PMID: 7666439 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1052250207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of the principal sections of the gastrointestinal system of two Antarctic seals with different dietary habits, namely, the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) and the crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophagus), has been investigated. Histologically examined by light microscopy, the tissue layers of the gastrointestinal tract of both seals are almost identical to those observed in most other mammals and no major differences in principle organization could be found between the two seal species. The ultrastructure of the gastric and intestinal epithelial cells has been examined and is also closely comparable to that of these cells in other mammals; however, Paneth cells have not been found in our material. In general, therefore, adaptations of the gastrointestinal tract to the aquatic environment or the diet are not obvious at the morphological levels of organization studied. Histochemical differences are found between the two closely related species; mucins of the surface epithelium in the stomach of Weddell seals are highly sulfated, while those in the crabeater seal are not. Mucous neck cells in Weddell seals contain acid mucosubstances, while those of crabeater seals contain neutral ones. Goblet cells in the small and large intestine in Weddell seals contain both neutral and acid mucosubstances. Both mucin types are detected in the crabeater seal; however, the mucins of the colon in the crabeater seal are more highly sulfated than those in the Weddell seal. The ratio of goblet cells to enterocytes in the large intestine of crabeater seals is higher than that in Weddell seals.
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Domeneghini C, Arrighi S. Ultrastructural classification of the endocrine cells of the large intestine of the calf. Cytochemical evidence of the presence of Viallis's pre-EC cells. Acta Histochem 1994; 96:445-58. [PMID: 7717047 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-1281(11)80031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
GEP (Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic) endocrine cells were very numerous in the mucosal layer of the large intestine of the calf. Their frequence appeared to increase towards the distal portions of the gut. Endocrine cells were dispersed among epithelial cells lining intestinal glands and were frequently grouped together. Cellular shape was pyramidal or elongated; the cytoplasm was electron-lucent and contained highly characteristic secretory granules. Six different types of endocrine cells were identified on the basis of the ultrastructural aspect and cytochemical characteristics (silver-reactivity) of their secretory granules: EC, L, PP, A, D1 and D cells. EC and L cells were the most abundant in all localisations. They were especially numerous in the rectum. A subpopulation of EC cells was negative to Masson-Singh's reaction showing that they lack 5-HT. This observation enabled us to refer this latter cellular type to the "pre-EC" cells, described by Vialli as an earlier evolutive step of the EC cells population. Their presence in the calf gut might be linked to its possible "immaturity", due either to the age or to the alimentary diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Domeneghini
- Institute of Domestic Animal Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
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Adriaensen D, Scheuermann DW. Neuroendocrine cells and nerves of the lung. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1993; 236:70-85; discussion 85-6. [PMID: 7685156 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092360111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Ortiz de Zárate A, Villaro AC, Etayo JC, Díaz de Rada O, Montuenga LM, Sesma P, Vázquez JJ. Development of the endocrine pancreas during larval phases of Rana temporaria. An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. Cell Tissue Res 1991; 264:139-50. [PMID: 2054839 DOI: 10.1007/bf00305732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic endocrine component was studied at different stages of development in the tadpoles of Rana temporaria. The material was embedded in Epon, and serial semithin and thin sections were made in order to correlate ultrastructural features and tinctorial traits of the endocrine cells. Serial semithin sections were also stained with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method and with silver impregnations for argyrophilia and argentaffinity. In early larvae (legless tadpoles). A and B cells are present. Both can be found within ducts and exocrine tissue or, more frequently, in cellular clusters among the ducts and acini. These primitive islets are solid structures, surrounded but not penetrated by capillaries. Mitoses were observed in A and B cells. In the following phase (tadpoles with hindlegs), D and pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells are also present, as well as numerous endocrine cells scattered among exocrine tissue. There is also a change in the vascular-insular pattern: capillaries not only surround but also penetrate the endocrine group. The structure of the endocrine pancreas in older tadpoles is similar. Tinctorial traits and ultrastructural features of endocrine cells are described, and the origin of primitive islets is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ortiz de Zárate
- Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Jimenez DR, Gilliam M. Ultrastructure of the ventriculus of the honey bee, Apis mellifera (L.): cytochemical localization of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and nonspecific esterase. Cell Tissue Res 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00313521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
The once exponential growth in the number of new gut endocrine peptides being discovered has become slightly slower in recent years, and expansion of the field of gut hormones has involved mainly the application of new investigative methods. Some new peptides have been described and major inroads have been made into establishing the ontogeny of gut endocrine cells, the origins and pathways of the enteric innervation, and the involvement of the diffuse neuroendocrine system as a whole in disease states. Further insight is being gained into the functional activity of the peptide cell system by studying the control, sites and rates of peptide gene expression, and the localization and characterization of peptide binding sites on target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Bishop
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK
| | - Julia M Polak
- Department of Histochemistry, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK
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Kovoor J, Peters HM. The spinning apparatus of Polenecia producta (Araneae, Uloboridae): Structure and histochemistry. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00312214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Larsson LI. Regulatory peptides and amines during ontogeny and in non-endocrine cancers: occurrence and possible functional significance. PROGRESS IN HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY 1988; 17:1-222. [PMID: 3062670 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6336(88)80008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L I Larsson
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, State Serum Institute, Copenhagen S/Denmark
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Fiocca R, Rindi G, Capella C, Grimelius L, Polak JM, Schwartz TW, Yanaihara N, Solcia E. Glucagon, glicentin, proglucagon, PYY, PP and proPP-icosapeptide immunoreactivities of rectal carcinoid tumors and related non-tumor cells. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1987; 17:9-29. [PMID: 2882565 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(87)90029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon/PP-related peptides were detected immunohistochemically in 18 out of 22 cases of rectal tumors investigated. The reactive tumors showed prevalence of trabecular or mixed trabecular-acinar structure and moderate staining with Grimelius' silver and lead-hematoxylin. Three of the remaining 4 cases were characterized by reactivity for 5-hydroxytryptamine only, prevalence of a solid nest structural component and intense staining with Grimelius' silver technique and lead-hematoxylin. Fifteen of the 18 glucagon/PP-reactive cases were investigated immunohistochemically with a series of 6 sera directed against different sequences of glucagon, glicentin and proglucagon, and of 7 sera directed against PP, PYY and proPP-icosapeptide. A large spectrum of glucagon-related immunoreactivities, including C-terminus and mid-portion glucagon-immunoreactivity, N- and C-terminus glicentin-immunoreactivity, GLP1- and GLP2-immunoreactivity, were detected in human rectal L cells and most rectal carcinoids. With the exception of a few scattered cells in the rectal mucosa and in 3 tumors, C-terminus glucagon-immunoreactivity was obtained only after trypsin or subtilisin treatment of tissue sections. Both PYY and PP/proPP-like peptide(s) were detected in rectal L cells and carcinoids, with prevalence of PYY in normal cells and PP/proPP-like peptides in tumor cells. It is concluded that the same or closely related hormone/prohormone sequences are synthesized and stored in rectal endocrine cells and carcinoid tumors although differences of quantitative expression, post-translational cleavage or reactivity to antibodies may occur. The usefulness of protease treatments of tissue sections to unmask immunoreactivities of uncleaved propeptides or fixative-denatured peptides is outlined.
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Scheuermann DW. Morphology and cytochemistry of the endocrine epithelial system in the lung. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1987; 106:35-88. [PMID: 3294719 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Soranzo L, Roland J. Application of Grimelius argyrophil staining to the study of tumour ultrastructure. I. Effects of fixatives. Acta Histochem 1987; 81:199-221. [PMID: 2440222 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-1281(87)80014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two methods have so far been proposed for staining samples by the argyrophil technique of Grimelius for electron microscopy. For Håkanson glutaraldehyde prevented argyrophilia, so the author stained sections from samples previously fixed by double formaldehyde/osmium tetroxide treatment and embedding. Vassallo used en bloc staining after fixation with glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde mixtures. We examined each factor which could directly interfere in argyrophil staining en bloc and on section. In the present experiment we compared effects of fixatives after staining en bloc. Glutaraldehyde prevented argyrophilia in 1 case out of 15, that of A-like cells in the oxyntic gland of the rat positivity was maintained in EC-like cells of this gland and adrenalin cells of the adrenal gland contrary to the previous description.
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Rindi G, Buffa R, Sessa F, Tortora O, Solcia E. Chromogranin A, B and C immunoreactivities of mammalian endocrine cells. Distribution, distinction from costored hormones/prohormones and relationship with the argyrophil component of secretory granules. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1986; 85:19-28. [PMID: 3525472 DOI: 10.1007/bf00508649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies specific for chromogranin A, B or C have been used to detect immunohistochemically these three anionic proteins. Pancreatic A, B and PP cells, gut argentaffin EC, argyrophil ECL and gastrin G cells, thyroid C cells, parathyroid cells, adrenal medullary cells, pituitary TSH, FSH and LH cells as well as some axons of visceral nerves have been found to react with chromogranin A antibodies. Pancreatic A, gut EC and G, adrenal medullary and pituitary cells as well as some gut nerve fibers showed chromogranin B immunoreactivity. Chromogranin C immunoreactivity has been detected in pancreatic A, pyloric D1, intestinal L, thyroid C, adrenal medullary and pituitary cells, as well as in some gut neurons and nerve fibers. No crossreactivity has been found in immunohistochemical tests between chromogranins A, B or C and costored monoamines or peptide hormones/prohormones, from which chromogranins can be separated by selective extraction during fixation. On both morphological and chemical grounds a relationship seems to exist between chromogranin A and Grimelius' argyrophilia. Sialooligosaccharide chains of chromogranin A and, possibly, chromogranins' phosphoserine/phosphothreonine groups, seem to interact with guanidyl, amino, and/or imidazole groups of non-chromogranin components to form silver complexing sites accounting for granules' argyrophilia, which can be removed or blocked without affecting chromogranin immunoreactivities. The abundant anionic groups of the three proteins should contribute substantially to granules' basophilia, the partly "masked" pattern of which supports the existence of a close interaction of such groups with other components of secretory granules, including monoamines and peptide hormones or prohormones. Chromogranins could play a rôle in hormone postranslational biosynthesis and intragranular packaging.
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Bordi C, Ferrari C, D'Adda T, Pilato F, Carfagna G, Bertelé A, Missale G. Ultrastructural characterization of fundic endocrine cell hyperplasia associated with atrophic gastritis and hypergastrinaemia. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. A, PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 1986; 409:335-47. [PMID: 3088827 DOI: 10.1007/bf00708251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that carcinoid tumours of the stomach fundic mucosa represent another example of hormone-dependent neoplasm, gastrin being the hormone involved in tumour induction. In this context hyperplasia of fundic endocrine cells associated with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and hypergastrinaemia is regarded as the most frequent preneoplastic lesion. However, the cell type involved in this hyperplasia has not been clarified. To elucidate this problem fundic endocrine cells were characterized ultrastructurally in 9 patients from which endoscopic gastric biopsies were obtained. ECL cells were the most frequent cell type in 8 cases, in 4 of which they were more numerous than all other cell types taken together. D1 cells were the most frequent type in one case while they were inconspicuous in the other cases. P cells were found with a frequency in each case intermediate between that of ECL cells and that of D1 cells. These results indicate that fundic endocrine cell hyperplasia occurring in hypergastrinaemic CAG is in most cases cytologically similar to that found in other hypergastrinemic conditions, in which the gastrin-dependent ECL cells were already found to prevail. They also explain why fundic carcinoids arising in CAG are mostly composed of ECL cells. The relation between ECL, D1 and P cells, if any, remains obscure.
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29
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Vinogradova MS. Seasonal trend in the number of gastric apudocytes during hibernation. Bull Exp Biol Med 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00836324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Monsour PA, Kruger BJ, Barnes A. Calcitonin cell population and distribution in the thyroid gland of the rat. J Morphol 1985; 186:271-8. [PMID: 3910845 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051860304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcitonin-containing cells (C cells) were identified in male Wistar white rats using an immunoperoxidase technique. They occupied a central position within the thyroid; very few were found peripherally, inferiorly, and superiorly; and none were present in the isthmus. The number of calcitonin-containing cells present per gram of body weight increased with age up to 70 days and had declined by 100 days. Determining the true total C-cell count through the entire thyroid is a very laborious procedure. However, a simple estimate of this total count can be made; the total number of C cells in every tenth section (6 microns) of thyroid was found to be highly correlated with the weight of the animal expressed as an allometric function. A better estimate can be derived from counts of just three sections: the tenth, twentieth, and thirtieth after the section of greatest cross sectional area.
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Abstract
The neural gland of the ascidian Styela plicata has been investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method. The possible homology with the vertebrate anterior pituitary is raised and discussed with reference to the existing literature and to the presence of ACTH-like immunoreactive cells in the neural gland.
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32
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Challa VR, Marshall RB, Hopkins MB, Kelly DL, Civantos F. Pathobiologic study of pituitary tumors: report of 62 cases with a review of the recent literature. Hum Pathol 1985; 16:873-84. [PMID: 2993152 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(85)80127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in radioimmunoassay procedures, immunocytochemistry, neuroradiologic imaging, and the surgical and medical treatment of pituitary adenomas have led to reappraisal of their classification as well as refinements in the diagnostic approaches used by pathologists. Sixty-two pituitary adenomas are described, and recent advances in this field are reviewed. Most of the patients were adults, but one of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing adenomas occurred in an 11-month-old infant. Endocrine-inactive tumors (43.5 per cent) were less common than hormone-producing tumors (56.5 per cent). Local invasion was most common in the former group, followed by ACTH-producing and other hormone-producing tumors. Ultrastructural features correlated with hormonal levels in the growth hormone(GH)-secreting tumors but not in the prolactin(LTH)- or ACTH-producing tumors. The formation of 7-nm filaments in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, corresponding to Crooke's hyaline change on light microscopy, was characteristic of ACTH-producing tumors. Ultrastructural changes in the ACTH granules suggested that the filaments may be derived from the feedback action of cortisol. Prior to surgery, a Rathke's cleft cyst and a chordoma were mistaken for endocrine-inactive pituitary adenomas. In two additional cases ectopic ACTH-producing tumors of lung clinically mimicked pituitary adenoma. Conversely, one pituitary adenoma mimicked sphenoid wing meningioma. Clinical, hormonal, and radiologic data and immunocytochemical and electron microscopic studies are needed for accurate pathologic interpretation and classification of pituitary adenomas.
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33
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Liddle CN, Reid WA, Kennedy JS, Miller ID, Horne CH. Immunolocalization of prealbumin: distribution in normal human tissue. J Pathol 1985; 146:107-13. [PMID: 3891938 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711460205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Using an indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique we have demonstrated the plasma protein, prealbumin, in the cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Serial sections stained with antisera to glucagon, insulin and somatostatin revealed that the distribution of the prealbumin stained cells matched that of the glucagon A-cells. Absorption and cross-absorption experiments with prealbumin and glucagon showed that the staining was specific. We also found positive staining for prealbumin in single cells in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, mainly stomach and colon, and kidney tubules.
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34
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Pabst MA. Staining of different endocrine cells with hydrochloric acid-toluidine blue in Epon embedded rat tissue. STAIN TECHNOLOGY 1985; 60:93-8. [PMID: 2580373 DOI: 10.3109/10520298509113898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The usual HCl-toluidine blue staining of different endocrine cells is applicable to paraffin embedded material. A modification for Epon embedded tissue suitable for consecutive light and electron microscopic studies is described which makes it possible to find the same stained cell, both in a semithin section and in subsequent ultrathin sections. This method facilitates the search for scattered specific endocrine cells. Without removing the resin, sections of Epon embedded tissues were hydrolyzed for 17 hr in 1% HCl at 65 C and stained for 2 hr in 0.1% toluidine blue in McIlvaine buffer, pH 5.8. The following cells were stained: C cells in thyroid glands; A and D cells in pancreatic islets; B cells in anterior pituitary; G, D and Ec cells in the gastrointestinal tract; Ad cells of the adrenal medulla.
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Abstract
The neural complex of the ascidian Styela plicata has been investigated by means of cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods. In the cerebral ganglion, using a mammalian antibody to synthetic CCK-8, immunoreactive neurons and nerve fibers have been localized; at the same time immunofluorescent cells are scattered in some glandular lobules of the neural gland. The possible functions of a CCK-8-like peptide in ascidians is suggested and discussed.
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36
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Bosman FT, de la Riviere AB, Giard RW, Verhofstad AA, Cramer-Knijnenburg G. Amine and peptide hormone production by lung carcinoid: a clinicopathological and immunocytochemical study. J Clin Pathol 1984; 37:931-6. [PMID: 6147359 PMCID: PMC498893 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.37.8.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A consecutive series of 38 lung carcinoid tumours (36 surgical and two necropsy specimens) was studied. Histopathological features and amine and peptide hormone immunoreactivity were correlated with gross characteristics (size, location) and clinical data. Peripheral carcinoids were detected a decade later than central carcinoids and tended to be bigger. In general, the histological characteristics of peripheral and central carcinoids were similar; atypical features, however, were more common in peripheral carcinoids. Most carcinoids contained many argyrophilic cells (58%). Although argentaffinic cells were not found, serotonin immunoreactive cells were present in 32% of the tumours. Peptide hormone immunoreactivity (adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), calcitonin, somatostatin, gastrin) was rare. In one case massive ACTH production had caused clinically manifest Cushing's syndrome. In two other cases few ACTH immunoreactive cells were found and in one case calcitonin immunoreactive cells were present. The relative rarity of hormone production in lung carcinoids and the predominantly benign course of the tumour preclude the use of peptide hormone production as a prognostic indicator.
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Abstract
Argyrophil cells and melanocytes were sought with Grimelius' and Fontana-Masson's techniques in 43 specimens of laryngeal mucosa. In 7 cases, melanocytes were found in the squamous epithelium: in only 2 cases, rare argyrophil cells were found in the respiratory epithelium. The demonstration of argyrophil cells in the laryngeal mucosa constitutes the anatomic rationale for the insurgence of carcinoids and oat-cell carcinomas at this site.
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38
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Pestarino M. Immunocytochemical demonstration of prolactin-like activity in the neural gland of the ascidian Styela plicata. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1984; 54:444-9. [PMID: 6376278 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(84)90160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The neural gland of the ascidian Styela plicata has been studied by means of cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods. Several cells of the glandular lobules are erythrosin-positive and immunoreactive after incubation with a mammalian antibody to human prolactin. On the basis of the results obtained and of the existing literature, the possible pituitary-like function of the neural gland is discussed.
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Marchevsky A, Carroll WL, Jacobs J, Keller S, Kleinerman J. Quantitative studies of APUD cells in airways and gut in the guinea pig. A comparison of various histochemical stains and different fixatives. Lung 1983; 161:245-54. [PMID: 6193376 DOI: 10.1007/bf02713870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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41
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Tsurumi K, Onda M. Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the common bile duct in men and cats. GASTROENTEROLOGIA JAPONICA 1983; 18:459-67. [PMID: 6653992 DOI: 10.1007/bf02776586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To clarify whether or not the common bile duct (CBD) has peristaltic movement, the muscular structure and intrinsic innervation were investigated for the full length of the CBD in 50 fresh human autopsy specimens and 50 cats. Nearly the same results were obtained in control groups of humans and cats. 1) Abundant sympathetic noradrenergic innervation, mainly composed of two plexuses, was demonstrated in each layer of the common bile duct tissue. 2) Parasympathetic nervous innervation was also abundant in each layer of the common bile duct and was composed of two ganglionated cholinergic plexuses. 3) Human and cat ganglia were composed of several nerve cells, which were mostly of Dogiel type II. 4) No other biogenic monoamines than adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) were detected. 5) Digestive tract hormones were undetectable. 6) The presence of smooth muscle was confirmed all along the common bile duct in all cases. The muscular tissue of the CBD was more abundant in humans than in cats. 7) The results of quantitation of catecholamine and acetylcholine esterase in the common bile duct tissue demonstrated a good correlation between biochemical and histochemical activities.
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42
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Abstract
A case of a peripheral lung tumour histologically categorized as a sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is presented. Ultrastructurally, the tumour is composed of a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal elements in varying stages of differentiation. Type II pneumocytes are identified as one epithelial component, while primitive mesenchymal cells with a tendency to develop into pericytes are the predominant mesenchymal component. The tumour appears to differentiate along the line of the pulmonary alveolar septa, and should be designated as a 'pulmonary alveolar mixed tumour'.
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López J, Díaz de Rada O, Sesma P, Vázquez JJ. Silver methods applied to semithin sections to identify peptide-producing endocrine cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1983; 205:465-70. [PMID: 6602568 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Silver methods were successfully applied to semithin sections of Epon-embedded material, in bronchial epithelium of the chicken lung, as well as in stomach and gut of the frog. Silver methods with some modifications characterize very well the cytoplasmic argyrophilic and argentaffin granules. They given good results in plastic-embedded material.
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Sessa F, Fiocca R, Tenti P, Solcia E, Tavani E, Pliteri S. Pancreatic polypeptide rich tissue in the annular pancreas. A distinctive feature of ventral primordium derivatives. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. A, PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 1983; 399:227-32. [PMID: 6404051 DOI: 10.1007/bf00619582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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45
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46
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Cutz E. Neuroendocrine cells of the lung. An overview of morphologic characteristics and development. Exp Lung Res 1982; 3:185-208. [PMID: 6188605 DOI: 10.3109/01902148209069653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The detailed morphology of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) cells has been defined only during the last decade. The purpose of this paper is to review the main morphologic features of the NE cells, to review the methods and techniques used for their identification, and to discuss the development and functional significance of these cells. The main emphasis is on NE cells in human lung, but where appropriate, studies in animal lungs are also included. NE cells are present in the airway epithelium of human and various animal species and occur singly as well as in clusters called neuroepithelial bodies (NEB). The general cytochemical features (common to both single NE cells and NEB) include cytoplasmic argyrophilia, fluorogenic amine content, positive staining with lead-hematoxylin, and masked metachromasia. These staining properties are similar to those found in APUD cells scattered in various tissues. More specific cell markers are immunoreactivity to peptide hormones (bombesin, calcitonin, leu-enkephalin) identified so far in NE cells of human lung, and immunoreactivity to serotonin found in both human and animal lungs. At the ultrastructural level, NE cells are characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules (90-150 nm in diameter), which are considered the storage site of amine and peptide hormones. The distinctive feature of NEB, not found with single NE cells, is the presence of nonmyelinated nerve endings in contact with granulated cells, and positive staining for acetylcholinesterase. The single NE cells are scattered throughout the tracheobronchial epithelium, whereas NEB are found only within the intrapulmonary airways. In postnatal lungs, both the single NE cells and NEB appear concentrated in small peripheral airways. In developing human lung, the first NE cells appear at 8 weeks' gestation, when all other epithelial cells are still undifferentiated. The development and cytodifferentiation of NE cells progresses in a centrifugal direction. By the end of the glandular period, single and groups of NE cells are found along the entire length of primitive bronchial epithelium. Based on differences in the size and morphology of cytoplasmic granules, three distinct types of NE cells can be recognized. During terminal stages of development, NE cells appear in small peripheral airways and primitive saccules. The functional considerations include the possible role of NE cells as endocrine, paracrine, or receptosecretory cells involved in neurohormonal regulation of pulmonary vascular or bronchial responses, and possible function of NEB as intrapulmonary hypoxia-sensitive chemoreceptors.
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Pestarino M. Occurrence of different secretin-like cells in the digestive tract of the ascidian Styela plicata (Urochordata, Ascidiacea). Cell Tissue Res 1982; 226:231-5. [PMID: 7127422 DOI: 10.1007/bf00217097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Secretin-like cells have been detected in the digestive tract of the ascidian Styela plicata by means of immunofluorescent and immunocytochemical methods. Especially, in the esophageal epithelium there are immunoreactive cells (S2) in which a biogenic amine (5-HT) and a regulatory peptide (secretin) occur together. In the gastric epithelium only secretin-like cells (S1) are present. Tests of cross-reactivity performed with glucagon, GIP and VIP, have confirmed the presence of a secretin-like molecule only in the S1 and S2 cells.
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Lauweryns JM, de Bock V, Verhofstad AA, Steinbusch HW. Immunohistochemical localization of serotonin in intrapulmonary neuro-epithelial bodies. Cell Tissue Res 1982; 226:215-23. [PMID: 7127420 DOI: 10.1007/bf00217095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed immunohistochemical technique for serotonin (Steinbusch et al. 1978) was used in the present investigation to study the occurrence of this indoleamine in the granulated epithelial cells of neuro-epithelial bodies (NEB). Lungs from neonatal rabbits and pigs exhibit immunoreactive cell groups identical in morphology and their preferential location (i.e., at bronchiolar bifurcations) to the recently described intrapulmonary NEB. Moreover, in the trachea and lung of rabbits isolated immunoreactive cells, presumably of Kultschitsky type, were found in the lining respiratory mucosa. Such single cells were also frequently observed in the bronchial epithelium of pig lungs. It is concluded that the corpuscular cells, being modulated by the central nervous system, probably represent intrapulmonary neuro(chemo-)receptors with local secretory activities, one of the substances released being serotonin and reacting to the oxygen composition of the inhaled air. It is proposed that the cells of Kultschitsky type exert a more local effect upon the airways.
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Jenkins D, Fletcher SM, Holle A. Apparent suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning in a case of insulinoma. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 1982; 22:135-139. [PMID: 6290829 DOI: 10.1177/002580248202200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A woman, found dead in her garage, had a fatal level of carboxyhaemoglobin in her blood. Her recent medical history tended to support a suspicion of suicide but at autopsy a small islet cell tumour was discovered in her pancreas. Further investigations indicated that she had a high blood insulin level, sufficient to produce lethargy or coma, at the time of death. In the light of these findings it was concluded that her death was accidental. The techniques available for investigating the significance of islet cell tumours found at post-mortem are discussed.
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50
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Grube D. [The endocrine cells of the digestive system (author's transl)]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1982; 60:213-27. [PMID: 6122753 DOI: 10.1007/bf01728340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine cells occur in the digestive system as micro-organs (islets of Langerhans) or scattered throughout the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract ("diffuse endocrine epithelial organ" of Feyrter). These gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) endocrine cells synthesize--in addition to serotonin--a great variety of polypeptide hormones, which regulate both carbohydrate metabolism and digestive processes. The present review deals mainly with cytology and cytochemistry of GEP endocrine cells. A synopsis is presented of the 19 endocrine cell types identified to date, which includes their update nomenclature and their anatomical distribution pattern. Morphological-functional aspects of cell biology, pathology, and cytogenesis of theses cells and their position within superimposed systems (APUD cells, paraneurons) are discussed.
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