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Chamkhi I, Benali T, Aanniz T, El Menyiy N, Guaouguaou FE, El Omari N, El-Shazly M, Zengin G, Bouyahya A. Plant-microbial interaction: The mechanism and the application of microbial elicitor induced secondary metabolites biosynthesis in medicinal plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:269-295. [PMID: 34391201 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants and microbes interact with each other via different chemical signaling pathways. At the risophere level, the microbes can secrete molecules, called elicitors, which act on their receptors located in plant cells. The so-called elicitor molecules as well as their actions differ according to the mcirobes and induce different bilogical responses in plants such as the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Microbial compounds induced phenotype changes in plants are known as elicitors and signaling pathways which integrate elicitor's signals in plants are called elicitation. In this review, the impact of microbial elicitors on the synthesis and the secretion of secondary metabolites in plants was highlighted. Moreover, biological properties of these bioactive compounds were also highlighted and discussed. Indeed, several bacteria, fungi, and viruses release elicitors which bind to plant cell receptors and mediate signaling pathways involved in secondary metabolites synthesis. Different phytochemical classes such as terpenoids, phenolic acids and flavonoids were synthesized and/or increased in medicinal plants via the action of microbial elicitors. Moreover, these compounds compounds exhibit numerous biological activities and can therefore be explored in drugs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Chamkhi
- Centre GEOPAC, Laboratoire de Geobiodiversite et Patrimoine Naturel, Université Mohammed V de, Institut Scientifique Rabat, Maroc; University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Agrobiosciences Program, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco
| | - Tarik Aanniz
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 6203 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fatima-Ezzahrae Guaouguaou
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
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Biotechnological strategies for the sustainable production of diosgenin from Dioscorea spp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:569-585. [PMID: 33404834 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin is a plant-derived secondary metabolite mainly present in the members of the plant family Dioscoreaceae. It is a pharmaceutically important compound because of its anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, anticoagulant, anti-thrombosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-ageing and other properties. Biotechnology provides an opportunity to genetically manipulate cells, tissues, organs or the whole organisms by propagating them in vitro in order to harvest the bioactive compounds. Diosgenin production from botanical sources is being improved by in vitro techniques which include elicitation, genetic transformations and bioconversions. Various techniques have been developed to obtain compounds for drug detection including separation from plants and other natural sources, molecular modelling, synthetic chemistry and combinatorial chemistry. Development in molecular markers determines genetic relationship, genetic linkage map construction, genetic diversity and identification. For rapid clonal propagation and ex situ conservation, the in vitro tools involving plant cell, tissue and organ culture have been well documented for plant-derived diosgenin production. The present review encompasses the wide application of the biotechnological techniques for diosgenin production via elucidating its biosynthetic pathway, in vitro production and mass propagation and elicitation. In addition, molecular marker-mediated diversity assessment of diosgenin containing plant species is also discussed. The review also presents the recent literature to explore the limitations of the relevant studies and future direction of research on production of diosgenin from Dioscorea spp. KEY POINTS: • Critical and updated assessment on sustainable production of diosgenin from Dioscorea spp. • In vitro propagation of Dioscorea spp. and elicitation of diosgenin production. • Diversity assessment of Dioscorea spp. using molecular markers.
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Golkar P, Amooshahi F, Arzani A. Experimental Paper. In vitro synthesis of mucilage in Plantago ovata Forsk affected by genotypes and culture media. HERBA POLONICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2017-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk) is medicinally used mainly for its mucilage content. Objective: In the present study, an attempt was made to improve mucilage yield under in vitro callus culture using different genotypes, explants and culture media. Methods: The effects of a range of concentrations of plant growth regulators including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (Kin) were evaluated on mucilage synthesis under in vitro culture using cotyledon, hypocotyl and seed explants. Fourteen genotypes originating from different geographical regions of Iran were used to evaluate their response to in vitro mucilage synthesis. Results: The highest rate of callus induction (76%) and callus growth rate CGR (0.38 mm/day) were induced on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l Kin and the hypocotyl explant. The results of analysis of variance showed significant genotypic differences for callus induction, CGR and mucilage content of callus and seeds. The mucilage content ranged from 0.38 to 0.08 (g/g DW) and 0.13 to 0.042 (g/g DW) for callus and seed, respectively. The superior callus induction (73%), CGR (0.45 mm/day) and mucilage content of callus (0.38 g/g DW) was denoted to Po1 genotype. The callus produced nearly three times more mucilage than the seeds using superior genotype (Po1). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that high efficiency of callus culture of P. ovata using hypocotyl explant accompanied by the exploration of genetic diversity are important to improve the yield of mucilage synthesis by in vitro callus culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooran Golkar
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 8415683111, Iran (Islamic Repulic of)
| | - Farzad Amooshahi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Faculty of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 8415683111, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ahmad Arzani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Faculty of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 8415683111, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
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Ncube B, Van Staden J. Tilting Plant Metabolism for Improved Metabolite Biosynthesis and Enhanced Human Benefit. Molecules 2015; 20:12698-731. [PMID: 26184148 PMCID: PMC6331799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immense chemical diversity of plant-derived secondary metabolites coupled with their vast array of biological functions has seen this group of compounds attract considerable research interest across a range of research disciplines. Medicinal and aromatic plants, in particular, have been exploited for this biogenic pool of phytochemicals for products such as pharmaceuticals, fragrances, dyes, and insecticides, among others. With consumers showing increasing interests in these products, innovative biotechnological techniques are being developed and employed to alter plant secondary metabolism in efforts to improve on the quality and quantity of specific metabolites of interest. This review provides an overview of the biosynthesis for phytochemical compounds with medicinal and other related properties and their associated biological activities. It also provides an insight into how their biosynthesis/biosynthetic pathways have been modified/altered to enhance production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhekumthetho Ncube
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Veloso J, Díaz J. Induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Capsicum annuum by a Fusarium crude elicitor fraction, free of proteins. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:1040-1044. [PMID: 24112636 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) induces resistance in pepper against the airborne pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae. However, its practical use is limited due to its pathogenicity to other crops. In this study we tested several fractions of a heat-sterilised crude FOL-elicitor preparation to protect pepper against B. cinerea and V. dahliae. Only the protein-free insoluble fraction of the preparation reduced B. cinerea infection. However, none of the fractions reduce V. dahliae symptoms. The insoluble protein-free fraction induced expression of defence genes in the plant, namely a chitinase (CACHI2), a peroxidase (CAPO1), a sesquiterpene cyclase (CASC1) and a basic PR1 (CABPR1). Even though the CASC1 gene was not induced directly after treatment with the insoluble fraction in the leaves, it was induced after B. cinerea inoculation, showing a priming effect. The insoluble protein-free FOL-elicitor protected pepper against the airborne pathogen through a mechanism that involves induced responses in the plant, but different to the living FOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Veloso
- Depto. de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, Spain
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Pestchanker LJ, Ercoli EC. A novel membrane reactor design for controlled studies of interacting populations (simulation of the interaction between microorganism and plant suspension cultures). Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 55:609-15. [PMID: 18636571 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970820)55:4<609::aid-bit3>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The design of a reactor in which two interacting cell populations (microorganisms and plants) could grow under controlled conditions was considered. In this reactor, the cell populations are separated by a membrane which permits semi-in vivo study of induced interaction-specific changes in metabolism. In this paper, the interaction of suspension culture of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) and the Oomycete, Phytophthora nicotiana was simulated. The results of the computer simulation show the induced metabolic changes as a consequence of the biological interaction. The paper introduces a novel approach in the strategy for the study of interacting population in suspension cultures. This type of system has potential applications in studies of the regulation of secondary metabolism and for the production of high values pharmaceuticals. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 609-615, 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Pestchanker
- Centro Regional de Estudios Avanzados, Avenida del Fundador, Puente Blanco 5700, San Luis, Argentina
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Ariyo B, Tamerler C, Bucke C, Keshavarz T. Enhanced penicillin production by oligosaccharides from batch cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum in stirred-tank reactors. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998; 166:165-70. [PMID: 9776634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate and galactomannan-derived oligosaccharides enhanced the production of penicillin G when added to stirred tank reactor cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum. The addition of oligomannuronate and oligoguluronate blocks increased penicillin G yield by 47% and 49%, respectively. The effect of mannan oligosaccharides was found to be more pronounced with 69% higher yield than the control cultures. The maximum increase in the average specific productivity of the oligosaccharide augmented cultures was 55% after addition of mannan oligosaccharides. In addition, a difference was observed in all cases in the accumulation pattern of the intermediate of penicillin biosynthesis, delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ariyo
- Biotechnology Department, University of Westminster, London, UK
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Quadri LE, Giulietti AM. Effect of elicitation on the accumulation of solasodine by immobilized cells of Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. Enzyme Microb Technol 1993; 15:1074-7. [PMID: 7764297 DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(93)90058-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a fungal elicitor obtained from Alternaria sp. on growth and solasodine production by free and alginate-entrapped cells of Solanum eleagnifolium Cav. was studied. Fourteen-day-old cultures were elicited with 1% FW/V autoclaved homogenates. The solasodine production increased from 0.9 to 1.5 mg g-1 DW (65%) in suspension cultures and from 0.75 to 1.4 mg g-1 DW (about 95%) in entrapped cells. The maximum accumulation was obtained after 72 h of elicitation. In order to induce alkaloid release from cells (suspension and entrapped cells), permeabilization with 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for 30 min was used. In both cases (free and entrapped cells), about 50-60% of intracellular solasodine was released into the medium. The reuse of elicited and permeabilized entrapped cells was also carried out for three production cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Quadri
- Biotecnologia y Microbiologia Industrial, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ramakrishna SV, Reddy GR, Curtis WR, Humphrey AE. Stimulation of solavetivone synthesis in free and immobilized cells of Hyoscyamus muticus by Rhizoctonia solani fungal components. Biotechnol Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00128324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Van Staden J, Fowlds DL. Micropropagation of Medicinal Dioscorea Species. HIGH-TECH AND MICROPROPAGATION III 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-07770-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Linsefors L, Björk L, Mosbach K. Influence of Elicitors and Mevalonic Acid on the Biosynthesis of Ginsenosides in Tissue Cultures of Panax ginseng. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(89)80039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wijnsma R, Go JT, van Weerden IN, Harkes PA, Verpoorte R, Baerheim Svendsen A. Anthraquinones as phytoalexins in cell and tissue cultures of Cinchona spec. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1985; 4:241-244. [PMID: 24253978 DOI: 10.1007/bf00269367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/1985] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The addition of autoclaved mycelia of Aspergillus niger and the known phytopathogenic fungus Phytophtora cinnamomi to cultured cells of Cinchona ledgeriana Moens. caused a marked increase in the anthraquinone content of the plant cells. This finding in combination with the antimicrobial activity of the anthraquinones isolated from calli of Cinchona pubescens Vahl. led to the conclusion that anthraquinones are phytoalexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wijnsma
- Center for Bio-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, State University of Leiden, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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DiCosmo F, Tallevi SG. Plant cell cultures and microbial insult: Interactions with biotechnological potential. Trends Biotechnol 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7799(85)90124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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