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Li JP, Zhang FB, Li LJ, Chen WK, Wu JG, Tian YH, Liang ZY, Chen C, Jin F. Y chromosome polymorphisms contribute to an increased risk of non-obstructive azoospermia: a retrospective study of 32,055 Chinese men. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:757-765. [PMID: 38270748 PMCID: PMC10957810 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of Y chromosome polymorphisms in Chinese men and analyze their associations with male infertility and female adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS The clinical data of 32,055 Chinese men who underwent karyotype analysis from October 2014 to September 2019 were collected. Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the effects of Y chromosome polymorphism on semen parameters, azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions, and female adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS The incidence of Y chromosome polymorphic variants was 1.19% (381/32,055) in Chinese men. The incidence of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) was significantly higher in men with the Yqh- variant than that in men with normal karyotype and other Y chromosome polymorphic variants (p < 0.050). The incidence of AZF microdeletions was significantly different among the normal karyotype and different Y chromosome polymorphic variant groups (p < 0.001). The detection rate of AZF microdeletions was 28.92% (24/83) in the Yqh- group and 2.50% (3/120) in the Y ≤ 21 group. The AZFb + c region was the most common AZF microdeletion (78.57%, 22/28), followed by AZFc microdeletion (7.14%,2/28) in NOA patients with Yqh- variants. There was no significant difference in the distribution of female adverse pregnancy outcomes among the normal karyotype and different Y chromosome polymorphic variant groups (p = 0.528). CONCLUSIONS Patients with 46,XYqh- variant have a higher incidence of NOA and AZF microdeletions than patients with normal karyotype and other Y chromosome polymorphic variants. Y chromosome polymorphic variants do not affect female adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Bin Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Jun Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Kang Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Gen Wu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hong Tian
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yan Liang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Enatsu N, Enatsu Y, Okada K, Chiba K, Matsumoto Y, Kokeguchi S, Shiotani M. Sperm retrieval from a male with the rare 47, XXYqs variant of Klinefelter syndrome for intracytoplasmic sperm injection: A case report. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13489. [PMID: 31777105 DOI: 10.1111/and.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A 27-year-old man with nonobstructive azoospermia was diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) with a satellite Y chromosome (47, XXYqs) by karyotyping. Genetic analysis revealed azoospermia factor c (AZFc) microdeletion of gr/gr deletion in the Y chromosome. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) was performed in bilateral testes. Very few seminiferous tubules were bilaterally observed, and a minute number of spermatozoa obtained from the left testis were cryopreserved. Histologic examination of the left testicular tissue revealed severe tubular atrophy with only Sertoli cells accompanied by Leydig cell hyperplasia. Oocyte harvest was conducted in his wife in two different cycles after ovarian stimulation, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed for 24 oocytes (8 and 16 oocytes respectively) using thawed spermatozoa. Fertilisation was confirmed in total of 19 oocytes (79.2%), with 15 cleaved embryos (62.5%). Two cleavage-stage embryos were cryopreserved at day 2, but no blastocysts developed. Frozen-thawed embryo transfer was performed using two cleavage-stage (day 2) embryos; however, the wife did not conceive. In conclusion, spermatozoa were successfully obtained by micro-TESE from a patient with 47, XXYqs. Despite failure of conception, the fertilisation and cleavage rates were comparable or better than those reported in patients with "typical" KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Enatsu
- Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Kobe, Japan.,Hanabusa Men's Clinic, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Okada
- Hanabusa Men's Clinic, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Related, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Chiba
- Hanabusa Men's Clinic, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Related, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahide Shiotani
- Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Kobe, Japan.,Hanabusa Men's Clinic, Kobe, Japan
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3
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Abstract
The great apes (orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and humans) descended from a common ancestor around 13 million years ago, and since then their sex chromosomes have followed very different evolutionary paths. While great-ape X chromosomes are highly conserved, their Y chromosomes, reflecting the general lability and degeneration of this male-specific part of the genome since its early mammalian origin, have evolved rapidly both between and within species. Understanding great-ape Y chromosome structure, gene content and diversity would provide a valuable evolutionary context for the human Y, and would also illuminate sex-biased behaviours, and the effects of the evolutionary pressures exerted by different mating strategies on this male-specific part of the genome. High-quality Y-chromosome sequences are available for human and chimpanzee (and low-quality for gorilla). The chromosomes differ in size, sequence organisation and content, and while retaining a relatively stable set of ancestral single-copy genes, show considerable variation in content and copy number of ampliconic multi-copy genes. Studies of Y-chromosome diversity in other great apes are relatively undeveloped compared to those in humans, but have nevertheless provided insights into speciation, dispersal, and mating patterns. Future studies, including data from larger sample sizes of wild-born and geographically well-defined individuals, and full Y-chromosome sequences from bonobos, gorillas and orangutans, promise to further our understanding of population histories, male-biased behaviours, mutation processes, and the functions of Y-chromosomal genes.
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4
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Kuan LC, Su MT, Kuo PL, Kuo TC. Direct duplication of the Y chromosome with normal phenotype - incidental finding in two cases. Andrologia 2012; 45:140-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L.-C. Kuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kuo General Hospital; Tainan; Taiwan
| | - M.-T. Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine; Tainan; Taiwan
| | - P.-L. Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine; Tainan; Taiwan
| | - T.-C. Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kuo General Hospital; Tainan; Taiwan
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5
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Kim JW, Park SY, Ryu HM, Lee DE, Lee BY, Kim SY, Park YS, Lee HS, Seo JT. Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of 26 Cases with Structural Y Chromosome Aberrations. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 136:270-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000338413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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6
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Greve G, Alechine E, Pasantes JJ, Hodler C, Rietschel W, Robinson TJ, Schempp W. Y-Chromosome variation in hominids: intraspecific variation is limited to the polygamous chimpanzee. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29311. [PMID: 22216243 PMCID: PMC3246485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously demonstrated that the Y-specific ampliconic fertility genes DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) and CDY (chromodomain protein Y) varied with respect to copy number and position among chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). In comparison, seven Y-chromosomal lineages of the bonobo (Pan paniscus), the chimpanzee's closest living relative, showed no variation. We extend our earlier comparative investigation to include an analysis of the intraspecific variation of these genes in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), and examine the resulting patterns in the light of the species' markedly different social and mating behaviors. Methodology/Principal Findings Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) of DAZ and CDY in 12 Y-chromosomal lineages of western lowland gorilla (G. gorilla gorilla) and a single lineage of the eastern lowland gorilla (G. beringei graueri) showed no variation among lineages. Similar findings were noted for the 10 Y-chromosomal lineages examined in the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and 11 Y-chromosomal lineages of the Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii). We validated the contrasting DAZ and CDY patterns using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in chimpanzee and bonobo. Conclusion/Significance High intraspecific variation in copy number and position of the DAZ and CDY genes is seen only in the chimpanzee. We hypothesize that this is best explained by sperm competition that results in the variant DAZ and CDY haplotypes detected in this species. In contrast, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans—species that are not subject to sperm competition—showed no intraspecific variation in DAZ and CDY suggesting that monoandry in gorillas, and preferential female mate choice in bonobos and orangutans, probably permitted the fixation of a single Y variant in each taxon. These data support the notion that the evolutionary history of a primate Y chromosome is not simply encrypted in its DNA sequences, but is also shaped by the social and behavioral circumstances under which the specific species has evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Greve
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evguenia Alechine
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J. Pasantes
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Christine Hodler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Terence J. Robinson
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Werner Schempp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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7
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Sarri C, Douzgou S, Gyftodimou Y, Tümer Z, Ravn K, Pasparaki A, Sarafidou T, Kontos H, Kokotas H, Karadima G, Grigoriadou M, Pandelia E, Theodorou V, Moschonas NK, Petersen MB. Complex distal 10q rearrangement in a girl with mild intellectual disability: follow up of the patient and review of the literature of non-acrocentric satellited chromosomes. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2841-54. [PMID: 21964744 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report on an intellectually disabled girl with a de novo satellited chromosome 10 (10qs) and performed a review of the literature of the non-acrocentric satellited chromosomes (NASC). Satellites and stalks normally occur on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes; however, the literature cites several reports of satellited non-acrocentric chromosomes, which presumably result from a translocation with an acrocentric chromosome. This is, to our knowledge, the third report of a 10qs chromosome. The phenotype observed in the proband prompted a search for a structural rearrangement of chromosome 10q. By microsatellite analysis we observed a 4 Mb deletion on the long arm of chromosome 10, approximately 145 kb from the telomere. FISH and array CGH analyses revealed a complex rearrangement involving in range from the centromere to the telomere: A 9.64 Mb 10q26.11-q26.2 duplication, a 1.3 Mb region with no copy number change, followed by a 5.62 Mb 10q26.2-q26.3 deletion and a translocation of satellite material. The homology between the repeat sequences at 10q subtelomere region and the sequences on the acrocentric short arms may explain the origin of the rearrangement and it is likely that the submicroscopic microdeletion and microduplication are responsible for the abnormal phenotype in our patient. The patient presented here, with a 15-year follow-up, manifests a distinct phenotype different from the 10q26 pure distal monosomy and trisomy syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sarri
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece.
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8
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Chien SC, Li YC, Ho M, Hsu PC, Teng RH, Lin WD, Tsai FJ, Lin CC. Rare rearrangements: A âjumping satelliteâ in one family and autosomal location of theSRYgene in an XX male. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:2775-81. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Velissariou V, Sismani C, Christopoulou S, Kaminopetros P, Hatzaki A, Evangelidou P, Koumbaris G, Bartsocas CS, Stylianidou G, Skordis N, Diakoumakos A, Patsalis PC. Loss of the Y chromosome PAR2 region and additional rearrangements in two familial cases of satellited Y chromosomes: cytogenetic and molecular analysis. Eur J Med Genet 2007; 50:291-300. [PMID: 17584536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of rare structural aberrations of the Y chromosome were detected: a del(Y) (q12) chromosome in a child with mild dysmorphic features, obesity and psychomotor delay, and two identical satellited Y chromosomes (Yqs) in a normal twin, which were originally observed during routine prenatal diagnosis. In both cases a Yqs chromosome was detected in the father which had arisen from a reciprocal translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 15 and the heterochromatin of the long arm of the Y chromosome (Yqh). Cytogenetic and molecular studies demonstrated that in the reciprocal product of chromosomes 15 and Y PAR2 could not be detected, showing that PAR2 had been deleted. It is discussed whether the translocation of the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome to the heterochromatin of the long arm of the Y chromosome causes instability of this region which results either in loss of genetic material or interference with the normal mechanism of disjunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Velissariou
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mitera General, Maternity and Pediatric Clinic, 6 Eryrthrou Street & Kifissias, 15123 Athens, Greece.
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10
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Rujirabanjerd S, Suwannarat W, Sripo T, Dissaneevate P, Permsirivanich W, Limprasert P. De novo subtelomeric deletion of 15q associated with satellite translocation in a child with developmental delay and severe growth retardation. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:271-6. [PMID: 17236205 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report on a case of satellited 15q with subtelomeric deletion in a girl with delayed development and severe growth retardation. The patient also has a triangular face, downturned angles of the mouth, micrognathia, and minor limb malformations including mild talipes equinovarus, genu recurvatum, and increased dorsiflexion of both limbs. Cytogenetic analysis using standard GTG banding showed a female karyotype with a satellited-like structure at the distal long arm of one chromosome 15. Silver staining of the nucleolar organizing region (AgNOR) confirmed the presence of a satellite DNA translocation at the lesion. Analysis using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) detected a subtelomeric deletion of the terminal 15q. Additional molecular analysis using microsatellite markers along the long arm of chromosome 15 defined a maximally deleted region at approximately 4.7 Mb. Haploinsufficiency of the IGF1R gene expression is thought to be the cause of growth delay in all 15q terminal deletion including our patient.
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11
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Maurin ML, Brisset S, Le Lorc'h M, Poncet V, Trioche P, Aboura A, Labrune P, Tachdjian G. Terminal 14q32.33 deletion: genotype-phenotype correlation. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 140:2324-9. [PMID: 17022077 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report on a female infant presenting with psychomotor retardation and facial dysmorphism. Cytogenetic studies showed an abnormal chromosome 14 with ectopic NOR sequences at the extremity of the long arm with a terminal 14q32.33 deletion. Review of the eight cases with pure terminal 14q32.3 deletions described to date documented that our observation is the smallest terminal 14q deletion ever reported. Thus, genotype-phenotype correlation allows us to delimit the critical region for mental retardation, hypotonia, epi-telecanthus, short bulbous nose, long philtrum, thin upper lip, and small mouth observed in 14 qter deletions to the subtelomeric 1.6 Mb of chromosome 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Maurin
- Service d'Histologie Embryologie Cytogénétique APHP, INSERM U782, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France.
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12
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Jobling MA, Lo ICC, Turner DJ, Bowden GR, Lee AC, Xue Y, Carvalho-Silva D, Hurles ME, Adams SM, Chang YM, Kraaijenbrink T, Henke J, Guanti G, McKeown B, van Oorschot RAH, Mitchell RJ, de Knijff P, Tyler-Smith C, Parkin EJ. Structural variation on the short arm of the human Y chromosome: recurrent multigene deletions encompassing Amelogenin Y. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 16:307-16. [PMID: 17189292 PMCID: PMC2590852 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural polymorphism is increasingly recognized as a major form of human genome variation, and is particularly prevalent on the Y chromosome. Assay of the Amelogenin Y gene (AMELY) on Yp is widely used in DNA-based sex testing, and sometimes reveals males who have interstitial deletions. In a collection of 45 deletion males from 12 populations, we used a combination of sequence-tagged site mapping, and binary-marker and Y-short tandem repeat haplotyping to understand the structural basis of this variation. Of the 45 deletion males, 41 carry indistinguishable deletions, 3.0-3.8 Mb in size. Breakpoint mapping strongly implicates a mechanism of non-allelic homologous recombination between the proximal major array of TSPY gene-containing repeats, and a single distal copy of TSPY; this is supported by the estimation of TSPY copy number in deleted and non-deleted males. The remaining four males carry three distinct non-recurrent deletions (2.5-4.0 Mb), which may be due to non-homologous mechanisms. Haplotyping shows that TSPY-mediated deletions have arisen seven times independently in the sample. One instance, represented by 30 chromosomes mostly of Indian origin within haplogroup J2e1*/M241, has a time-to-most-recent-common-ancestor of approximately 7700+/-1300 years. In addition to AMELY, deletion males all lack the genes PRKY and TBL1Y, and the rarer deletion classes also lack PCDH11Y. The persistence and expansion of deletion lineages, together with direct phenotypic evidence, suggests that absence of these genes has no major deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Jobling
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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13
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Wimmer R, Schempp W, Gopinath PM, Nagarajappa CS, Chandra N, Palaniappan I, Hansmann I. A family case of fertile human 45,X,psu dic(15;Y) males. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 115:94-8. [PMID: 16974089 DOI: 10.1159/000094806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a familial case including four male probands from three generations with a 45,X,psu dic(15;Y)(p11.2;q12) karyotype. 45,X is usually associated with a female phenotype and only rarely with maleness, due to translocation of small Y chromosomal fragments to autosomes. These male patients are commonly infertile because of missing azoospermia factor regions from the Y long arm. In our familial case we found a pseudodicentric translocation chromosome, that contains almost the entire chromosomes 15 and Y. The translocation took place in an unknown male ancestor of our probands and has no apparent effect on fertility and phenotype of the carrier. FISH analysis demonstrated the deletion of the pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2) from the Y chromosome and the loss of the nucleolus organizing region (NOR) from chromosome 15. The formation of the psu dic(15;Y) chromosome is a reciprocal event to the formation of the satellited Y chromosome (Yqs). Statistically, the formation of 45,X,psu dic(15;Y) (p11.2;q12) is as likely as the formation of Yqs. Nevertheless, it has not been described yet. This can be explained by the dicentricity of this translocation chromosome that usually leads to mitotic instability and meiotic imbalances. A second event, a stable inactivation of one of the two centromeres is obligatory to enable the transmission of the translocation chromosome and thus a stably reduced chromosome number from father to every son in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wimmer
- Institut für Humangenetik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
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14
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Buijs A, Terhal PA, Thunnissen PLM. Philadelphia chromosome of a constitutional der(22)t(Y;22)(q11.2;p11) with a variant t(1;9;22)(p36;q34;q11) in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 168:80-2. [PMID: 16772126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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15
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Ki A, Rauen KA, Black LD, Kostiner DR, Sandberg PL, Pinkel D, Albertson DG, Norton ME, Cotter PD. Ring 21 chromosome and a satellited 1p in the same patient: novel origin for an ectopic NOR. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 120A:365-9. [PMID: 12838556 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) are present on the satellite stalks located on the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes. NORs present on non-acrocentric chromosomes (ectopic NORs) are rare and were reported in both phenotypically normal and abnormal individuals. We describe a patient, ascertained prenatally, with an ectopic NOR on 1p and a ring 21 chromosomes. Amniocentesis was performed at 27-weeks gestation on a 19-year-old woman after identification of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) by ultrasound. Cytogenetic analysis of amniocytes from the fetus showed a mos 46,XX,1ps,r(21) (p11.2q22.3)[44]/45,XX,1ps,-21[6] karyotype. Parental karyotypes were normal, indicating a de novo origin for these rearrangements in the fetus. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the 1ps showed no loss of euchromatin and retention of the telomeric repeats. Characterization of the r(21) using array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) identified that the deletion was approximately 5 Mb encompassing most of chromosome band 21q22.3. The ectopic NOR (1ps) was most likely derived from the acentric 21p fragment generated by the chromosome breakage event that lead to formation of the r(21) chromosome. This represents a novel mechanism for the origin of ectopic NORs. In addition, this study illustrates the importance of FISH analysis with telomeric and subtelomeric probes for characterization of chromosomes with ectopic NORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ki
- Division of Medical Genetics and Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, California, USA
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16
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Polski JM, Galambos C, Gale GB, Dunphy CH, Evans HL, Batanian JR. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia after transient myeloproliferative disorder with clonal karyotype evolution in a phenotypically normal neonate. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2002; 24:50-4. [PMID: 11902741 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-200201000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) in a neonate without features of Down syndrome (DS) with clonal karyotype evolution, after apparent spontaneous resolution of TMD, but eventually progressing to acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). The patient had petechiae, thrombocytopenia, and blastemia. Trisomy 21 with a satellited Y chromosome (Yqs) was found in proliferating blasts. A stimulated peripheral blood culture confirmed the constitutional origin of the Yqs, but did not reveal the presence of any trisomic 21 cell. By the age of 3 months, clonal chromosome evolution in the form of an interstitial deletion of the long-arm of chromosome 13 [del(13)(q13q31)] was detected along with trisomy 21 in unstimulated bone marrow cultures. However, remission was achieved without treatment at the age of 4 months. Trisomy 21 and del(13)(q13q31) were not identified in either cytogenetics or fluorescence in situ hybridization studies at that time. The child was asymptomatic until the age of 20 months when anemia and thrombocytopenia prompted a bone marrow biopsy, revealing changes consistent with AMKL. The remission proceeded by clonal karyotype evolution in a neonate with TMD demonstrates that clonal karyotype evolution does not indicate an immediately progressive disease. However, the development of AMKL after TMD in this case illustrates the increased risk for leukemia in TMD cases, even without DS. The gradual clonal evolution of the blasts in our patient suggests that "multiple hits" oncogenesis applies to TMD progression to acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek M Polski
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, USA
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17
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Kühl H, Röttger S, Heilbronner H, Enders H, Schempp W. Loss of the Y chromosomal PAR2-region in four familial cases of satellited Y chromosomes (Yqs). Chromosome Res 2001; 9:215-22. [PMID: 11330396 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012219820317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Applying fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) of various Y chromosomal DNA probes to four familial cases of human Yqs, it was possible to demonstrate that the formation of Yqs must have arisen from a reciprocal translocation involving the short arm of an acrocentric autosome and the heterochromatin of the long arm of the Y chromosome (Yqh). Breakpoints map within Yqh and the proximal short arm of an acrocentric autosome resulting in the gain of a nucleolus organizer region (NOR) including the telomere repeat (TTAGGG)n combined with the loss of the pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2) at the long arm of the recipient Y chromosome. In no case could the reciprocal product of an acrocentric autosome with loss of the NOR and gain of PAR2 be detected. Using the 15p-specific classical satellite-III probe D15Z1 in two of the four Yqs probands presented here, it could be shown that the satellited material originated from the short arm of chromosome 15. In contrast to the loss of PAR2 in Yqs chromosomes, another Y chromosomal variant (Yqh-) showing deletion of long-arm heterochromatin in Yq12 has retained PAR2 referring to an interstitial deletion of Yq heterochromatin in such deleted Y chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kühl
- Institut für Humangenetik und Anthropologie, Universität Freiburg
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18
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Velissariou V, Antoniadi T, Patsalis P, Christopoulou S, Hatzipouliou A, Donoghue J, Bakou K, Kaminopetros P, Athanassiou V, Petersen MB. Prenatal diagnosis of two rare de novo structural aberrations of the Y chromosome: cytogenetic and molecular analysis. Prenat Diagn 2001; 21:484-7. [PMID: 11438955 DOI: 10.1002/pd.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two rare de novo structural aberrations of the Y chromosome were detected during routine prenatal diagnosis: a satellited non-fluorescent Y chromosome (Yqs), the first de novo Yqs to be reported in a fetus, and a terminal deletion of the Y chromosome long arm del(Y)(q11). In both cases detailed cytogenetic and molecular analyses were undertaken. In the case of the Yqs it was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) that the satellites were derived from chromosome 15. In the case of the del(Yq), it was shown with molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of sequence-tagged sites (STS-PCR) that the deleted portion of the long arm of chromosome Y included the azoospermia factor loci, AZFb and AZFc. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Velissariou
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mitera Maternity and Surgical Center, Athens, Greece
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19
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Abstract
Hereditary surnames contain information about relatedness within populations. They have been used as crude indicators of population structure and migration events, and to subdivide samples for epidemiological purposes. In societies that use patrilineal surnames, a surname should correlate with a type of Y chromosome, provided certain assumptions are met. Recent studies involving Y-chromosomal haplotyping and surname analysis are promising and indicate that genealogists of the future could be turning to records written in DNA, as well as in paper archives, to solve their problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Jobling
- Dept of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK LE1 7RH.
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20
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Verma RS, Gogineni SK, Kleyman SM, Conte RA. Characterisation of a satellited non-fluorescent Y chromosome (Y[nfqs]) by FISH. J Med Genet 1997; 34:817-8. [PMID: 9350813 PMCID: PMC1051087 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.10.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A fetus was prenatally diagnosed as having a Y(nfqs) chromosome which was inherited from the father. With the QFQ technique, the Yqh was observed to be nonfluorescent and contained cytological satellites which were attached to the terminal long arm. The satellites were positively stained by the Ag-NOR technique suggesting that the NORs were active. A battery of DNA probes was used to characterise the Y(nfqs). Hybridisation experiments using a chromosome 15 specific classical satellite DNA probe (D15Z1) and a Yq telomere DNA probe showed that the additional satellited material on Yq originated from 15p, and that the Yq terminal region had been lost. This is the first reported case in which the origin of cytological satellites on Yq has been determined by FISH, but this does not imply that all satellited Y chromosomes are derived from 15p. However, the clinical significance of this Y(nfqs) chromosome remains obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Verma
- Division of Genetics, The Long Island College Hospital-SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201-5514, USA
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21
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Haddad BR, Huang Y, Wyandt H, Milunsky A. Evaluation of satellited Y chromosome (Yqs) detected during prenatal diagnosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.1997.tb07861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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23
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Arn PH, Younie L, Russo S, Zackowski JL, Mankinen C, Estabrooks L. Reproductive outcome in 3 families with a satellited chromosome 4 with review of the literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 57:420-4. [PMID: 7677144 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320570311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe 3 families segregating for a translocation of the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) onto chromosome 4. Review of previously reported cases of translocations involving NOR and chromosome 4 shows that these translocations may be associated with variable reproductive outcomes. We provide evidence that imprinting is not the mechanism responsible for the variable reproductive outcomes in the case of satellited 4p chromosomes; this may offer indirect support for a ribosomal gene position effect. Translocated ribosomal genes may influence the expression of neighboring genes and could explain the variable phenotypes in individuals with satellited nonacrocentric chromosomes. We recommend that prenatal counseling of individuals with satellited nonacrocentric chromosomes should be cautious.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Arn
- Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32247, USA
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24
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Schempp W, Toder R, Rietschel W, Grützner F, Mayerová A, Gauckler A. Inverted and satellited Y chromosome in the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). Chromosome Res 1993; 1:69-75. [PMID: 8143091 DOI: 10.1007/bf00710609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An inverted and satellited Y chromosome of almost acrocentric appearance was detected in seven of 14 male orangutans. In the remaining seven animals a submetacentric Y chromosome without NORs occurred. The high frequency with which the satellited Y chromosomes were associated with acrocentric autosomes and the positive AgNO3-staining of their satellite stalks clearly indicate the active state of the NOR on the Y chromosomes. DNA fingerprinting in two orangutan families showed that the inverted and satellited Y chromosomes in carrier orangutan males do not interfere with normal fertility. Within our sample of male orangutans studied, the inverted and satellited Y chromosome is restricted to Sumatran animals; all Bornean specimens possessed the submetacentric Y chromosome. The question arises whether these two kinds of Y chromosome differ constitutively between the Pongo pygmaeus subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schempp
- Institut für Humangenetik und Anthropologie, Universität Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Smith A, den Dulk G, Viersbach R, Michas J. Ring chromosome 15 and 15qs+ mosaic: clinical and cytogenetic behaviour spanning 29 years. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1991; 40:460-3. [PMID: 1746611 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320400417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A phenotypic female with mild mental retardation, minor facial anomalies, and short stature has been evaluated clinically and cytogenetically over 29 years. At age 59, she remains physically well and shows no signs of dementia. Cytogenetic analysis, performed on peripheral blood specimens on 10 occasions between 1961 and 1990, showed mosaicism with one cell line containing a large stable ring (15) chromosome and another cell line without the ring but with a 15qs+. The different cell lines remained constant. The case provides information on the natural history of the ring chromosome 15 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smith
- Oliver Latham Laboratory, Department of Health, NSW, North Ryde, Australia
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26
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Pimentel D, Alonso P, Abrisqueta JA. Unusual chromosome 20 anomaly arising "de novo" to give dic(20)qs. Hum Genet 1989; 84:97-8. [PMID: 2606485 DOI: 10.1007/bf00210684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An unusual anomaly is reported involving the long arm of chromosome 20. The appropriate cytogenetic techniques showed it to be a de novo dic(20)qs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pimentel
- Genética Humana, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (C.S.I.C.), Madrid, Spain
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27
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Harada N, Abe K, Kondoh T, Hirota T, Niikawa N. Satellited chromosome 9 in a boy with multiple anomalies. JINRUI IDENGAKU ZASSHI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 1989; 34:297-305. [PMID: 2634790 DOI: 10.1007/bf01929212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A 5-year-old boy with multiple congenital anomalies showed a satellited long-arm chromosome 9, a previously undescribed abnormality. Various banding analyses of his chromosomes and those of his parents indicated that a reciprocal translocation, t(9;22)(q34.3;q11.21), occurred in the father's gonad, and one of the translocation chromosomes was then transmitted to the patient. Thus, the patient's karyotype was interpreted as 46,XY,-9,+psudic(9),t(9;22)(q34.3;q11.21). He showed several features similar to those of the Williams syndrome. The gene(s) responsible for the syndrome thus could be at either 9q34.3-qter or 22pter-q11.2. Southern blot analysis of the patient's DNA indicated the presence of two copies of the argininosuccinate synthetase gene which had been assigned to 9q34.1-qter. In view of the fact that the 9q34.3-qter segment is monosomic in the patient, the gene locus was deduced to be at 9q34.1-q34.2 segment.
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28
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Chandley AC, Gosden JR, Hargreave TB, Spowart G, Speed RM, McBeath S. Deleted Yq in the sterile son of a man with a satellited Y chromosome (Yqs). J Med Genet 1989; 26:145-53. [PMID: 2709392 PMCID: PMC1015574 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.26.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Disturbed spermatogenesis and azoospermia are reported in a man with a deleted Y chromosome. The anomalous Y chromosome appears in the karyotype as a small metacentric marker. In situ hybridisation using three different Y specific DNA probes shows that deletion at Yq11 has resulted in loss of all distal heterochromatin. The sterility of the patient indicates loss also of the azoospermia factor (AZF) located at the Yq distal euchromatic/heterochromatic interface. Microspread and air dried meiotic preparations show a severe impairment of spermatogenesis but rare cells are seen to be progressing to the late prophase stage. The testicular histology shows most of the seminiferous tubules to be completely hyalinised. The father and a fertile brother of the proband show a satellited Y chromosome (Yqs) in their karyotypes. The case appears to be the first of its kind reported in which a father with a satellited Y chromosome has produced a son carrying a different Y chromosome anomaly. The possible derivation of the one from the other is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Chandley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh
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29
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Tsita KP, Vallas OS, Velissariou PJ, Lyberatou-Moraitou EK. A case of prenatal diagnosis of a familial satellited Yq chromosome. Clin Genet 1989; 35:70-4. [PMID: 2924432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1989.tb02906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A case of a fetus with a satellited Yq revealed during prenatal diagnosis because of advanced maternal age is presented. This case is the 18th reported in the literature. Cytogenetic studies in the father, uncle and grandfather of the fetus revealed that the Yqs was inherited and the possible mechanisms of origin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Tsita
- Department of Genetics, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
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30
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Jones C, Ahmed I, Cummings MR, Rosenthal IM. Association of double NOR variant with Turner syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1988; 30:725-32. [PMID: 3189395 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320300305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A study was made of the possible association of double nucleolus organizers (dNORs) with Turner syndrome. Occurrence of dNORs was determined using the silver staining method of Goodpasture and Bloom [1975]. In 45 control subjects, the incidence of dNORs was 8.8%. Studies were done on 33 Turner syndrome patients. In 28 cases with 45,X or 45,X/46,XX karyotypes, the incidence of the dNOR variant was 50%. Five cases of Turner syndrome with X rings or X isochromosomes were negative for dNORs. Analysis of the data indicates an association between the dNOR variant and the occurrence of Turner syndrome. It is proposed that the presence of the dNOR variant can increase the rate of nondisjunction of the X chromosome in meiosis or in mitotic divisions during early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612
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31
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Alitalo T, Tiihonen J, Hakola P, de la Chapelle A. Molecular characterization of a Y;15 translocation segregating in a family. Hum Genet 1988; 79:29-35. [PMID: 3366460 DOI: 10.1007/bf00291705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have used Y-specific and Y-derived DNA probes for in situ hybridization and Southern blotting analysis to characterize a Y;15 translocation showing normal Mendelian inheritance in a family. Cytogenetically there appeared to be an unbalanced translocation of Yqh to 15p; this translocation may be considered as a prototype of those translocations between Yq and the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome which have a population incidence of approximately 1 in 2,000. Our molecular studies showed that, in all probability, the breakpoints were near the border between Yq11.23 and Yq12, and in 15p11, respectively; the translocation is abbreviated t(Y;15)(q12;p11). Using the Y-specific probe pY431 in a quantitative Southern hybridization assay, normal females had no hybridization, female carriers and normal men had the same amount, and male carriers had twice that amount. Cytogenetic analysis and quantitative in situ hybridization using probes pY431 and pY3.4 were consistent with the hypothesis that the portion of Yq translocated to 15p comprised all of Yq12 and none of Yq11. The absence of Southern hybridization with probes specific for Yp and Yq11 confirmed this observation. Even though the family was ascertained through two brothers who both had schizophrenia and were carriers of the translocation, the clinical evaluation of a total of nine individuals with the translocation and five without it did not suggest its association with an abnormal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alitalo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
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32
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Joseph AM, Jagannath M, Thomas IM. Yqs resulting from a reciprocal Y;15 translocation in the father of a 46,X,i(Xq) girl. Hum Genet 1986; 74:203. [PMID: 3770749 DOI: 10.1007/bf00282096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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