1
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Ghosh AJ, Hobbs BD. Recent advancements in understanding the genetic involvement of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency associated lung disease: a look at future precision medicine approaches. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:173-182. [PMID: 35025710 PMCID: PMC8983484 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2027755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency occurs in individuals with deleterious genetic mutations on both chromosomes (maternal and paternal) in SERPINA1, the gene encoding the alpha-1 antitrypsin protein. There has been substantial progress in understanding the genetic variation that underlies the heterogeneous penetrance of lung disease in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. AREAS COVERED This review will cover SERPINA1 gene structure and genetic variation, population genetics, genome-wide genetic modifiers of lung disease, alternative mechanisms of disease, and emerging therapeutics - including gene and cell therapy - related to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated lung disease. EXPERT OPINION There remains ample opportunity to employ precision medicine in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated lung disease. In particular, a genome-wide association study and subsequent polygenic risk score is an important first step in identifying genome-wide genetic modifiers contributing to the variability of lung disease in severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auyon J. Ghosh
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St, Syracuse, NY, 13210
| | - Brian D. Hobbs
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Harvard Medical School
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2
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Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell line GZHMCi006-A from amniotic fluid-derived cells with deletion 14q syndrome. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102315. [PMID: 33894549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The deletions of the long arm of chromosome 14 involving the 14q24-q32 region have been identified as deletion 14q (del 14q) syndrome, but were rarely reported. The patients with del 14q syndrome are observed a peculiar facial appearance and neurological defects, but the molecular mechanisms were not clear. Here we generated a human iPSC line from the patient's amniotic fluid cells with 24 Mb deletion in 14q24.3q32.31 which will serve as useful tools for studying the mechanism of del 14q syndrome and the genes involved, which will provide useful basic theory of prenatal diagnosis.
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3
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Arora V, Cruz M, Lang J, Klos AM, Merritt WK, Price J, Taylor G, Vandeberg P, Wee K, Willis T. Comparison of the liquid and lyophilized formulations of Prolastin®-C for Alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency: Biochemical characteristics, pharmacokinetics, safety and neoantigenicity in rabbits. Biologicals 2019; 62:77-84. [PMID: 31522909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple analytical and preclinical studies were performed to compare the biochemical characteristics, pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and neoantigenicity of a new 5% liquid formulation of Alpha-1 Proteinase Inhibitor (Liquid A1PI, Prolastin®-C Liquid) with the lyophilized version (Lyophilized A1PI, Prolastin®-C). Liquid A1PI and Lyophilized A1PI had similar average mass (~52 kDa), and both forms exhibited glycoform patterns consistent with the known banding pattern of A1PI (dominated by the M6 and M4 bands, including deconvoluted masses). Both Liquid A1PI and Lyophilized A1PI yielded average percent purity values ranging from 96% to 99% and had active content ranging from 53 mg/mL to 59 mg/mL. The PK profile of Liquid A1PI was similar to Lyophilized A1PI. Safety assessments in rabbits showed good tolerability and no test article-related changes in mortality, clinical signs, clinical pathology, body weight, food consumption, or urinalysis parameters. Following immunodepletion of antibodies that recognize Lyophilized A1PI, there were no significant differences in the anti-drug titers among animals immunized with Lyophilized A1PI and Liquid A1PI (p > 0.05), indicating that no antibodies to neoantigens were generated. Liquid A1PI and Lyophilized A1PI have similar profiles with respect to biochemical characteristics, PK, safety and neoantigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Arora
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, 85 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Maria Cruz
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, 85 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - John Lang
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, 85 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Anthony M Klos
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, 85 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - W Keither Merritt
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, 85 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jeffrey Price
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, 85 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - George Taylor
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, 85 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Pete Vandeberg
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, 85 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kevin Wee
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, 85 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Todd Willis
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, 85 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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4
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Naumann B, Schmidt J, Olsson L. FoxN3
is necessary for the development of the interatrial septum, the ventricular trabeculae and the muscles at the head/trunk interface in the African clawed frog,
Xenopus laevis
(Lissamphibia: Anura: Pipidae). Dev Dyn 2019; 248:323-336. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Naumann
- Institut für Zoologie und EvolutionsforschungFriedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Germany
| | - Jennifer Schmidt
- Institut für Zoologie und EvolutionsforschungFriedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Germany
| | - Lennart Olsson
- Institut für Zoologie und EvolutionsforschungFriedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Germany
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5
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Della Giustina E, Iodice A, Spagnoli C, Giovannini S, Frattini D, Fusco C, Gobbi G, Zollino M, Neri G. "Minimal" holoprosencephaly in a 14q deletion syndrome patient. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:3216-3220. [PMID: 29136354 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report on a patient with terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 14 displaying brain interhemispheric fusion limited to the midline anterior frontal cortex associated with hypoplastic corpus callosum and incomplete rotation of the left hippocampus in a clinical setting of motor and intellectual disability with poor language, and social behavior abnormalities with aggressiveness. Some possible correlations between clinical signs and symptoms and various aspects of the complex brain malformation are briefly discussed and compared with other known abnormalities of chromosome 14. The different neuropathology of the most common forms and the new forms of holoprosencephaly recently described is also discussed and leads us to suggest classifying the interhemispheric fusion of this case as a "minimal" form of holoprosencephaly. This appears to be the first description in a 14q deletion patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Iodice
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Spagnoli
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Simona Giovannini
- Child Neurology Unit, Bellaria Hospital, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Frattini
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Child Neurology Unit, IRCCS, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gobbi
- Child Neurology Unit, Bellaria Hospital, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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6
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Nicita F, Di Giacomo M, Palumbo O, Ferri E, Maiorani D, Vigevano F, Carella M, Capuano A. Neurological features of 14q24-q32 interstitial deletion: report of a new case. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:93. [PMID: 26604985 PMCID: PMC4657200 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 14 involving the 14q24-q32 region have been reported in less than 20 patients. Previous studies mainly attempted to delineate recognizable facial dysmorphisms; conversely, descriptions on neurological features are limited to the presence of cognitive and motor delay, but no better characterization exists. Case presentation In this paper we report on a patient with a de novo interstitial deletion of 5.5 Mb at 14q24.3-q31.1. The deletion encompasses 84 genes, including fourteen Mendelian genes. He presented with dysmorphic face, developmental delay, paroxysmal non-epileptic events and, subsequently, epilepsy. Conclusions The clinical and molecular evaluation of this patient and the review of the literature expand the phenotype of 14q23-q32 deletion syndrome to include paroxysmal non-epileptic events and infantile-onset focal seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Child Neurology Division, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Orazio Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ferri
- U.O.C Anatomia Patologica, AOR Ospedale "San Carlo", Potenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Maiorani
- Division of Pediatrics - Ospedale Belcolle- Viterbo, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Division of Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Capuano
- Division of Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
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7
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A novel method of detecting alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency of Z mutant (GAG342AAG) in a single PCR reaction using base-quenched probe. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 427:29-33. [PMID: 24099880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Shimada S, Miya K, Oda N, Watanabe Y, Kumada T, Sugawara M, Shimojima K, Yamamoto T. An unmasked mutation of EIF2B2 due to submicroscopic deletion of 14q24.3 in a patient with vanishing white matter disease. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1771-7. [PMID: 22678813 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukodystrophy with vanishing white matter (VWM) is a neurodegenerative disorder with autosomal recessive traits that is caused by alteration of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2B (EIF2B). An 11-month-old patient with distinctive features began to exhibit progressive developmental deterioration associated with intractable epilepsy, which was triggered by recurrent acute infectious diseases. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed abnormal white matter intensity. Chromosomal microarray testing identified a submicroscopic deletion at 14q24.3 that included EIF2B2, the gene encoding one of the subunits of EIF2B. Because the patient's clinical findings were distinctive for VWM, compound heterozygous mutations of EIF2B2 were suspected, and subsequent sequencing analysis of the remaining allele unmasked the existence of a novel missense mutation of EIF2B2 (V85W). Some distinctive features including small palpebral fissures, bushy eyebrows, ear abnormalities, small upturned nose, downturned corners of the mouth, and micrognathia may be the common features of the patients with 14q24.3 deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Shimada
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute of Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Kelly E, Greene CM, Carroll TP, McElvaney NG, O’Neill SJ. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmedc.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Samaan G, Yugo D, Rajagopalan S, Wall J, Donnell R, Goldowitz D, Gopalakrishnan R, Venkatachalam S. Foxn3 is essential for craniofacial development in mice and a putative candidate involved in human congenital craniofacial defects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Array CGH defined interstitial deletion on chromosome 14: a new case. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169:845-51. [PMID: 20087602 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-009-1128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 14 are relatively rare. We report a 8.5-year-old girl with dysmorphic facial features and mental retardation associated with a de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 14. The comparison between our patient and all published patients is reviewed. The genetic investigations have allowed us to define the critical chromosomal region and to start an accurate follow-up.
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12
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Kelly E, Greene CM, Carroll TP, McElvaney NG, O'Neill SJ. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Respir Med 2010; 104:763-72. [PMID: 20303723 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the topic of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. METHOD Narrative literature review. RESULTS Much work has been carried out on this condition with many questions being answered but still further questions remain. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS AAT deficiency is an autosomal co-dominantly inherited disease which affects the lungs and liver predominantly. The clinical manifestations, prevalence, genetics, molecular pathophysiology, screening and treatment recommendations are summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Kelly
- Department of Respiratory Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Education Research Building, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Ouertani I, Chaabouni M, Turki I, Lelorc'h M, Attié-Bitach T, Ben Jemaa L, Khouja-Gouider N, Chaabouni H. A 24-Mb deletion in 14q in a girl with corpus callosum hypoplasia. Eur J Med Genet 2009; 52:256-9. [PMID: 19450439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of 14q including band 14q31 are uncommon. We report on a 3 year-old Tunisian girl who had a de novo interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 14. The molecular cytogenetic study has identified the deletion as a del(14)(q24.3q32.2) covering nearly 24Mb. This abnormality was associated to phenotypic manifestations, mainly peculiar face, developmental delay and hypoplastic corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ouertani
- Department of Congenital and Hereditary Diseases, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
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14
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Fregonese L, Stolk J. Hereditary alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and its clinical consequences. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008; 3:16. [PMID: 18565211 PMCID: PMC2441617 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder that manifests as pulmonary emphysema, liver cirrhosis and, rarely, as the skin disease panniculitis, and is characterized by low serum levels of AAT, the main protease inhibitor (PI) in human serum. The prevalence in Western Europe and in the USA is estimated at approximately 1 in 2,500 and 1 : 5,000 newborns, and is highly dependent on the Scandinavian descent within the population. The most common deficiency alleles in North Europe are PI Z and PI S, and the majority of individuals with severe AATD are PI type ZZ. The clinical manifestations may widely vary between patients, ranging from asymptomatic in some to fatal liver or lung disease in others. Type ZZ and SZ AATD are risk factors for the development of respiratory symptoms (dyspnoea, coughing), early onset emphysema, and airflow obstruction early in adult life. Environmental factors such as cigarette smoking, and dust exposure are additional risk factors and have been linked to an accelerated progression of this condition. Type ZZ AATD may also lead to the development of acute or chronic liver disease in childhood or adulthood: prolonged jaundice after birth with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and abnormal liver enzymes are characteristic clinical signs. Cirrhotic liver failure may occur around age 50. In very rare cases, necrotizing panniculitis and secondary vasculitis may occur. AATD is caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene encoding AAT, and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The diagnosis can be established by detection of low serum levels of AAT and isoelectric focusing. Differential diagnoses should exclude bleeding disorders or jaundice, viral infection, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease and autoimmune hepatitis. For treatment of lung disease, intravenous alpha-1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy, annual flu vaccination and a pneumococcal vaccine every 5 years are recommended. Relief of breathlessness may be obtained with long-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids. The end-stage liver and lung disease can be treated by organ transplantation. In AATD patients with cirrhosis, prognosis is generally grave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fregonese
- Alpha1 International Registry (AIR), c/o Department of Pulmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stolk
- Alpha1 International Registry (AIR), c/o Department of Pulmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Schlade-Bartusiak K, Macintyre G, Zunich J, Cox DW. A child with deletion (14)(q24.3q32.13) and auditory neuropathy. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 146A:117-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Deiuliis JA, Li B, Lyvers-Peffer PA, Moeller SJ, Lee K. Alternative splicing of delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) in the pig and human. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 145:50-9. [PMID: 16901742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1), a paternally imprinted gene with several alternative splicing isoforms, is an important regulator of fetal and postnatal development. We report the sequence of porcine DLK1 (pDLK1) and examine the expression and alternative splicing isoforms in the pig (Sus scrofa) and human. DLK1-A was the sole isoform identified in human tissues and has been shown to be present in mouse and cattle. Surprisingly, DLK1-A was undetected in various tissues from fetal and postnatal pigs. Instead, DLK1-C2 was the most abundant isoform while DLK1-B was expressed to a lesser extent. In fractionated adipose tissue, pDLK1 was most highly expressed in the stromal-vascular cell fraction. In addition, total pDLK1 was highly expressed in fetal adipose tissue but dramatically decreased postnatally. Our data suggests that expression of DLK1-B and -C2 isoforms is sufficient for normal pig development. Furthermore, human and pig samples showed no alterations in species-specific splicing, but expression levels decreased with age, suggesting that regulation of expression, not splicing, is the most likely mechanism controlling the biological function of DLK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Deiuliis
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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17
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Le Meur N, Goldenberg A, Michel-Adde C, Drouin-Garraud V, Blaysat G, Marret S, Amara SA, Moirot H, Joly-Hélas G, Mace B, Kleinfinger P, Saugier-Veber P, Frébourg T, Rossi A. Molecular characterization of a 14q deletion in a boy with features of Holt-Oram syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:439-42. [PMID: 15810003 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Holt-Oram syndrome, the major "heart-hand" syndrome is defined by the association of radial defects or triphalangeal thumbs and septal heart defects. The transmission is autosomal dominant and the causative gene has been shown to be TBX5, located on 12q24.1, which encodes a transcription factor. Genetic heterogeneity has been suggested by several reports. We identified a 14(q23.3 approximately 24.2q31.1) deletion in a boy presenting severe bilateral asymmetrical radial aplasia, congenital heart defects, and developmental delay. This deletion, whose size could be estimated to be 9.6-13.7 Mb, was shown to be inherited via his mother's interchromosomal insertion. This is the second report of a chromosome 14 interstitial deletion associated with clinical features of Holt-Oram syndrome. These observations suggest the existence of a new "heart-hand" locus on chromosome 14q.
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18
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DeMeo DL, Silverman EK. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. 2: genetic aspects of alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency: phenotypes and genetic modifiers of emphysema risk. Thorax 2004; 59:259-64. [PMID: 14985567 PMCID: PMC1746953 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2003.006502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The genetic aspects of AAT deficiency and the variable manifestations of lung disease in PI Z individuals are reviewed. The role of modifying genetic factors which may interact with environmental factors (such as cigarette smoking) is discussed, and directions for future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L DeMeo
- Channing Laboratory and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02446, USA.
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19
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Saito A, Takizawa H, Sato M, Suzuki K, Miyata T, Tazawa T, Nukiwa T, Morita Y. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency with severe pulmonary emphysema. Intern Med 2004; 43:223-6. [PMID: 15098605 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.43.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a hereditary disorder characterized by an early onset of emphysema. While this disease is common in the Caucasian population, it is quite rare in Japan. To date, only 15 traits have been reported and it can be speculated that many cases of this genetic deficiency may have been overlooked. We report an additional case of AAT deficiency with severe emphysema that is genetically determined as S(iiyama) variant by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
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20
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Hayes VM. Genetic diversity of the alpha-1-antitrypsin gene in Africans identified using a novel genotyping assay. Hum Mutat 2003; 22:59-66. [PMID: 12815594 DOI: 10.1002/humu.10231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The highly polymorphic human alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) gene, more recently named SERPINA1, codes for the most abundant circulating plasma serine protease inhibitor, protease inhibitor 1 (PI). Most studies determining AAT haplotype frequencies have been restricted first by the limited accuracy of the phenotypic method used and secondly by the analysis of predominantly Caucasian populations. Limited studies have been performed on African-based populations. Here a new comprehensive assay for genotyping the entire coding region, including splice junctions, of the AAT gene was designed. This assay, based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), allows for the complete analysis of a single individual in two lanes on a gel. Application of the assay resulted in the identification of nine known AAT variants as well as 13 novel sequence variants, five of which are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), occurring exclusively in the African-based populations. This is the first comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity of the AAT gene in a cohort from sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Hayes
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Stellenbosch, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Moon YS, Smas CM, Lee K, Villena JA, Kim KH, Yun EJ, Sul HS. Mice lacking paternally expressed Pref-1/Dlk1 display growth retardation and accelerated adiposity. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:5585-92. [PMID: 12101250 PMCID: PMC133956 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.15.5585-5592.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2001] [Revised: 01/29/2002] [Accepted: 04/24/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1/Dlk1) inhibits in vitro adipocyte differentiation and has been recently reported to be a paternally expressed imprinted gene at human chromosome 14q32. Studies on human chromosome 14 deletions and maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) 14 suggest that misexpression of a yet-to-be-identified imprinted gene or genes present on chromosome 14 causes congenital disorders. We generated Pref-1 knockout mice to assess the role of Pref-1 in growth and in vivo adipogenesis and to determine the contribution of Pref-1 in mUPD. Pref-1-null mice display growth retardation, obesity, blepharophimosis, skeletal malformation, and increased serum lipid metabolites. Furthermore, the phenotypes observed in Pref-1-null mice are present in heterozygotes that harbor a paternally inherited, but not in those with a maternally inherited pref-1-null allele. Our results demonstrate that Pref-1 is indeed paternally expressed and is important for normal development and for homeostasis of adipose tissue mass. We also suggest that Pref-1 is responsible for most of the symptoms observed in mouse mUPD12 and human mUPD14. Pref-1-null mice may be a model for obesity and other pathologies of human mUPD14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Soo Moon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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22
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van Karnebeek CDM, Quik S, Sluijter S, Hulsbeek MMF, Hoovers JMN, Hennekam RCM. Further delineation of the chromosome 14q terminal deletion syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 110:65-72. [PMID: 12116274 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A patient with hypotonia, blepharophimosis, ptosis, a bulbous nose, a long philtrum, upturned corners of the mouth, and mild developmental delay was found to have a small subtelomeric deletion of the long arm of chromosome 14 (q32.31-qter). In comparing her phenotype with previously reported patients with similar 14q deletions, due to either a linear deletion or to a ring chromosome 14, a clinically recognizable terminal 14q microdeletion syndrome was evident. Due to the limited number of cases reported, it was not possible to assign specific features to specific regions of terminal 14q. The comparison of features in cases with a linear deletion of 14qter (n = 19) to those in cases with a deletion due to a ring chromosome 14 (n = 23), both with the same breakpoint in 14q, showed that seizures and retinitis pigmentosa have been found only in patients with ring chromosomes. Several hypotheses are put forward to explain this difference: mitotic instability of ring chromosomes; a telomere position effect in ring chromosomes in which the 14p telomere silences nearby gene(s) on the q-arm; and dose-dependent gene(s) involved in seizures and retinitis pigmentosa located on the short arm of chromosome 14. In our opinion, only seizures may be explained by the mitotic instability of ring chromosomes, while both seizures and retinitis pigmentosa may be explained by silencing of gene(s) on 14q by the 14p telomere; the third hypothesis seems unlikely to explain either symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara D M van Karnebeek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Sutton VR, Shaffer LG. Search for imprinted regions on chromosome 14: comparison of maternal and paternal UPD cases with cases of chromosome 14 deletion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 93:381-7. [PMID: 10951461 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20000828)93:5<381::aid-ajmg7>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, regions of genomic imprinting have been identified on a small number of chromosomes through a search for the etiology of various disorders. Distinct phenotypes have been associated with both maternal and paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) for chromosome 14. This observation indicates that there are imprinted genes present on chromosome 14, although none have been identified to date. In order to focus the search for imprinted genes on chromosome 14, we analyzed cases of maternal and paternal UPD 14 and compared them with cases of chromosome 14 deletions. Cases of paternal UPD were compared with maternal deletions and maternal UPD compared with paternal deletions. The paternal UPD anomalies seen in maternal deletion cases allowed us to associate the following features and chromosomal regions: Hirsute forehead: del(14)(q12q13. 3) and del(14)(q32); blepharophimosis: del(14)(q32); small thorax: del(14)(q11.2q13); and joint contractures: del(14)(q11.2q13) and del(14)(q31). Comparison of maternal UPD and paternal deletion cases revealed fleshy nasal tip to be most often associated with del(14)(q32), scoliosis with del(14) (q23q24.2), and del(14)(q32. 11qter) and small size at birth to be associated with del(14)(q11q13) and del(14)(q32). Our study, in conjunction with a prior study of UPD 14 and partial trisomy 14 cases, and what is known of imprinting in regions of mouse chromosomes homologous to human chromosome 14, leads us to conclude that 14q23-q32 is likely an area where imprinted genes may reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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24
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Ono J, Kurahashi H, Okinaga T, Mano T, Imai K, Inui K, Okada S. Interstitial deletion of 14q, 46, XY, del (14) (q24.3q32.1) associated with status nonepileptic myoclonia and delayed myelination. J Child Neurol 1999; 14:756-8. [PMID: 10593558 DOI: 10.1177/088307389901401116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A Japanese boy with interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 14, including band 14q31, is described. The characteristic dysmorphic facial features, such as dolichocephaly, bushy eyebrows, horizontal narrow palpebral fissures, long philtrum, etc, and mental and motor developmental delay were observed. Other characteristic clinical manifestations were anuresis and status nonepileptic myoclonia The finding of delayed myelination of the cerebral white matter was observed on magnetic resonance examination, suggesting that an unknown factor related to myelination in the central nervous system might be localized in band 14q31.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Developmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
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25
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Novoradovsky A, Brantly ML, Waclawiw MA, Chaudhary PP, Ihara H, Qi L, Eissa NT, Barnes PM, Gabriele KM, Ehrmantraut ME, Rogliani P, Moss J. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase as a potential susceptibility gene in the pathogenesis of emphysema in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999; 20:441-7. [PMID: 10030842 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.20.3.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) in the susceptibility of individuals with alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1AT) deficiency to destructive lung disease was evaluated. Six polymorphic sites were identified within the NOS3 gene (i.e., -924A/G, -788C/T, -691C/T, 774C/T, 894G/T, and 1998C/G). The genotype distribution was determined in 339 patients and 94 control individuals. Frequency of the 774T allele in severely affected individuals was 0.417 versus 0.269 in control subjects (P = 0.018), whereas the 894T allele frequency was 0.427 versus 0.280 in control subjects (P = 0.024). Patients with less severe lung disease had the 774T and 894T allele frequencies of 0.289 and 0.344, respectively, similar to frequencies in a control group (P > 0.3). No direct correlation between pulmonary function and five other NOS3 polymorphisms was observed. Thus, functional allelic variants that are in linkage disequilibrium with the 774C/T and 894G/T may be present in the specified genomic area. These data are consistent with a modulatory role for NOS3 in destructive lung disease associated with alpha1AT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Novoradovsky
- Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine Branch, and Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1590, USA
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26
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Nakade O, Kasai K, Satoh M, Yamamura M, Kakiuchi H, Kaku T, Mori M. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and toxic shock: a Japanese autopsy case. Pathol Int 1999; 49:79-84. [PMID: 10227729 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 74-year-old Japanese female presented with the sudden appearance of hemorrhagic purpuric ecchymoses on her lower extremities and with fever and chills, and died on the fifth day of hospitalization. A diagnosis of alpha1-antitrypsin (AT) deficiency was made postmortem. The liver weighed 1260 g. Histological sections from the liver revealed rather severe fatty changes of the hepatocytic parenchyma and partial loss of the normal hepatic architecture with fibrosis. The hepatocytes contained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive, diastase-resistant and alpha1-AT-positive intracytoplasmic globules. There was markedly increased inflammatory infiltration with severe edema and congestion, accompanied by fibrous, thickened pulmonary alveolar walls with fibrin deposition in the lungs (right, 410 g; left, 280 g), which suggest findings similar to those seen in multiple organ failure. Mild pulmonary emphysema was also present in the upper lobes of the lungs. Histological sections from the hemorrhagic necrotic ecchymoses of the skin showed marked neutrophil infiltration over the subcutaneous tissue with bleeding and blistering. A finding of thrombophlebitis was also found in the subcutaneous tissue. No bacteria were detected in the ecchymoses, the urine or the blood. Plasma protein analysis revealed a lower level (9.5 micromol/L) of alpha1-AT and a higher level (330 U) of anti-streptolysin O (ASO). These findings suggest that the patient died of toxic shock-like syndrome and that alpha1-AT deficiency might have facilitated the development of the toxic shock. To our knowledge, this is the first case of toxic shock associated with alpha1-AT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nakade
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan.
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27
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Abstract
A patient with a 14q32.3 terminal band deletion and cat cry is reported. Review of four other 14q32.3 deletion cases suggests the possible presence of a recognisable 14q32.3 terminal deletion syndrome, which is characterised by (1) apparently postnatal onset of small head size in comparison to body size, (2) high forehead with lateral hypertrichosis, (3) epicanthic folds, (4) broad nasal bridge, (5) high arched palate, (6) single palmar crease, and (7) mild to moderate developmental delay. Although none of the above seven features in unique to this syndrome, and indeed are quite common in other chromosomal disorders or genetic syndromes, patients with a terminal 14q32.3 deletion do show a recognisable facial gestalt. Interestingly, unlike ring chromosome 14, the 14q32.3 terminal deletion has rarely been reported, possibly because it is harder to detect, and an optimal chromosome preparation is required for its identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Ortigas
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210, USA
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28
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Shapira SK, Anderson KL, Orr-Urtregar A, Craigen WJ, Lupski JR, Shaffer LG. De novo proximal interstitial deletions of 14q: cytogenetic and molecular investigations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1994; 52:44-50. [PMID: 7977460 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320520109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on 2 unrelated patients who had chromosome analysis performed because of psychomotor delay, failure to thrive, and minor anomalies. Each patient had a novel proximal 14q deletion (q11.2 to q21.1 in patient 737 and q12 to q22 in patient 777). Polymorphic (C-A)n microsatellite markers distributed along the length of chromosome 14q were examined in both patients and their parents in order to determine which marker loci were deleted. The deletion in patient 737 was found to be paternal in origin, based on the analysis of 2 marker loci (D14S54 and D14S70), thus assigning these loci to the deleted interval q11.2 q21.1. Furthermore, 3 loci were not deleted (TCRD, D14S50, and D14S80), suggesting that they are within or proximal to 14q11.2. In the other family (patient 777), none of the markers were fully informative, but the deleted chromosome was determined to be paternally derived based on cytogenetic heteromorphisms. Despite having overlapping proximal 14q deletions, these 2 patients shared few phenotypic similarities except for failure to thrive, micrognathia, and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Therefore, a distinct proximal 14q deletion syndrome is not yet apparent. However, the molecular analyses facilitated the localization of several 14q DNA markers to the deletion regions in these 2 patients, while excluding other markers from each deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Shapira
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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29
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Magnani I, Sacchi N, Darfler M, Nisson PE, Tornaghi R, Fuhrman-Conti AM. Identification of the chromosome 14 origin of a C-negative marker associated with a 14q32 deletion by chromosome painting. Clin Genet 1993; 43:180-5. [PMID: 7687207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1993.tb04444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A constitutional chromosome 14 rearrangement was observed in a female with a psychodevelopmental disorder. Karyotype analysis using a variety of chromosome techniques, QFQ, GTG, CBG, Ag-NOR and DA-DAPI, showed a deletion of chromosome 14q32.1-qter region in association with a supernumerary marker chromosome. The marker, resembling a submetacentric, approximately half the size of a G group chromosome is C band and Ag-NOR negative. The heteromorphism of the satellites showed that the deleted chromosome 14 is paternal in origin. Chromosome painting using an Alu-PCR probe specific for the human chromosome 14 and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that the marker contains chromosome 14q32 sequences. It is likely that the marker was generated from the deleted chromosome 14 region through a complex rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Magnani
- Department of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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30
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Elliott J, Maltby EL, Reynolds B. A case of deletion 14(q22.1-->q22.3) associated with anophthalmia and pituitary abnormalities. J Med Genet 1993; 30:251-2. [PMID: 7682620 PMCID: PMC1016311 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.3.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An interstitial deletion of the region q22.1-->q22.3 of chromosome 14 is described in a child with bilateral anophthalmia, dysmorphic features including micrognathia, small tongue, and high arched palate, developmental and growth retardation, undescended testes with a micropenis, and hypothyroidism. Interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 14 are extremely rare, but this case seems to confirm that the region q22 is specifically concerned with pituitary and eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Elliott
- North Trent Cytogenetics Service, Langhill, Centre for Human Genetics, Sheffield
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31
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Uehara S, Akai Y, Takeyama Y, Okamura K, Takabayashi T, Yajima A, Natsui M, Nakai H. A case of a female infant with simultaneous occurrence of de novo terminal deletions on chromosome 14q and 20p. Clin Genet 1993; 43:28-33. [PMID: 8179640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1993.tb04422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This is a case report on an infant with de novo terminal deletions on the long arm of chromosome 14 and on the short arm of chromosome 20 [46, XX, del(14)(q32)del(20)(p11)]. Examination revealed that the infant had a peculiar face, a cleft and high palate, abnormal dentition, butterfly-like vertebral defects, finger anomalies, a simian line on the left hand, talipes equinovarus, deep plantar furrows, abnormally high values of alkali phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, mild anemia and psychomotor retardation. Comparing the present case with previously reported cases of a single deletion on chromosome 14q or chromosome 20p, the infant showed some symptomatic and dysmorphic features of both deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uehara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
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32
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Karnitis SA, Burns K, Sudduth KW, Golden WL, Wilson WG. Deletion (14) (q24.3q32.1): evidence for a distinct clinical phenotype. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1992; 44:153-7. [PMID: 1280909 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320440207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 4-year-old girl with distinctive facial features (redundant skin, bushy eyebrows, narrow palpebral fissures, short, upturned nose, epicanthal folds, and a long upper lip with well-defined philtrum) who has an interstitial deletion of chromosome 14 including band 14q31, designated as 46,XX,del(14)(pter-->q24.3::q32.1-->qter). Comparison with previously reported patients with deletions of 14q involving band 14q31 suggests that there is a distinctive clinical phenotype associated with this deletion. Our patient had dental abnormalities (3 maxillary and 3 mandibular incisors) not described in the other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Karnitis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908
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33
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Bennett CP, Betts DR, Seller MJ. Deletion 14q (q22q23) associated with anophthalmia, absent pituitary, and other abnormalities. J Med Genet 1991; 28:280-1. [PMID: 1856837 PMCID: PMC1016834 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.28.4.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A fetus is described with anophthalmia, absent pituitary, hypoplastic adrenal glands and kidneys, absent left horn of the uterus, underdeveloped genitalia, and clinodactyly, with a deletion of 14(q22q23). A review of published reports found no similar deletion cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Bennett
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, United Medical School of Guy's Hospital, London
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34
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Gorski JL, Uhlmann WR, Glover TW. A child with multiple congenital anomalies and karyotype 46,XY,del(14)(q31q32.3): further delineation of chromosome 14 interstitial deletion syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1990; 37:471-4. [PMID: 2260590 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320370409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report on an infant with a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome and severe developmental delay in association with a previously undescribed de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 14 [karyotype: 46,XY,del(14) (q31q32.3)]. Comparison of the presented patient with previously reported cases of interstitial and terminal chromosome 14q deletions provides a group of patients monosomic for various overlapping portions of the distal half of chromosome 14q and suggests a limited similarity in phenotype among patients with common deleted 14q segments. All patients with distal 14q deletions were developmentally delayed, most were microcephalic and failed to thrive. Most of the patient's anomalies were limited to the face and head. Few major internal congenital anomalies were observed. These comparisons serve to further clarify possible associations of subchromosomal aberrations with specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Gorski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109
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35
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Masada CT, Olney AH, Fordyce R, Sanger WG. Partial deletion of 14q and partial duplication of 14q in sibs: testicular mosaicism for t(14q;14q) as a common mechanism. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1989; 34:528-34. [PMID: 2624263 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320340415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The propositus and a subsequently born sister presented with multiple congenital anomalies. Chromosome analyses were performed initially on peripheral blood lymphocytes from the propositus and his parents: the propositus was found to have a deletion of chromosome 14 (q32.11- greater than qter); the parents' chromosomes were normal. When the sister of the propositus was born, she was determined to have a duplication of an equivalent segment of 14qter. Chromosome studies on the parents' fibroblasts demonstrated no structural abnormality or mosaicism. The parents have an older, phenotypically normal, healthy daughter, which supports mosaicism for intragonadal t(14;14)(q32.11;q32.33) in one parent. Chromosome polymorphism comparisons show that the normal number 14 chromosome in the propositus and his sister was inherited from the mother, thus indicating paternal testicular mosaicism. Clinical findings are compared to those of other reported cases of deletion 14q and duplication 14q.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Masada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68105
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