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Sugeno A, Sumi T, Sato-Yazawa H, Yazawa T, Inoue H, Miyata S. Multilayered Gel-Spotting Device for In Vitro Reconstruction of Hair Follicle-like Microstructure. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1651. [PMID: 37763814 PMCID: PMC10535646 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles play an important role in hair development. This study aimed to develop a microgel-spotting device to fabricate a multilayered gel bead culture model and to mimic the early development of skin appendages to regenerate hair follicles in vitro. The model consists of an alginate gel layer containing cytokines as the core layer, a collagen gel layer containing mouse embryonic stem cells as the middle layer, and a collagen gel layer containing fetus-derived epidermal cells as the outer layer. A concentration gradient of cytokines is formed, which promotes interactions between epidermal and stem cells. Histological and immunnohistological analyses confirmed the reconstruction of hair follicle structures. As a result, the cell number and gel bead size could be precisely controlled by the developed microgel-spotting device. In the multilayered gel bead, the embryonic and epidermal cells cultured with the cytokine gradient formed cell aggregates with keratinized tissue in the center similar to "native" hair follicle structure. Sweat gland-like luminal tissue and erector pilorum-like structures were also observed around aggregates with concentric structures. In conclusion, the multilayered gel bead culture model demonstrated potential for in vitro hair follicle regeneration. The findings of this study provide insight into the early development of skin appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Sugeno
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sumi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hanako Sato-Yazawa
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Takuya Yazawa
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hajime Inoue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Shogo Miyata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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2
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Abreu CM, Lago MEL, Pires J, Reis RL, da Silva LP, Marques AP. Gellan gum-based hydrogels support the recreation of the dermal papilla microenvironment. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 150:213437. [PMID: 37116455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The dermal papilla (DP), a specialized compartment within the hair follicle, regulates hair growth. However, human DP cells rapidly lose their inductivity in 2D-culture given the loss of positional and microenvironmental cues. Spheroids have been capable of recreating the 3D intercellular organization of DP cells, however, DP cell-matrix interactions are poorly represented. Considering the specific nature of the DP's extracellular matrix (ECM), we functionalized gellan gum (GG) with collagen IV-(HepIII) or fibronectin-(cRGDfC) derived peptide sequences to generate a 3D environment in which the phenotype and physiological functions of DP cells are restored. We further tuned the stiffness of the microenvironments by varying GG amount. Biomimetic peptides in stiffer hydrogels promoted the adhesion of DP cells, while each peptide and amount of polymer independently influenced the type and quantity of ECM proteins deposited. Furthermore, although peptides did not seem to have an influence, stiffer hydrogels improved the inductive capacity of DP cells after short term culture. Interestingly, independently of the peptide, these hydrogels supported the recapitulation of basic hair morphogenesis-like events when incorporated in an organotypic human skin in vitro model. Our work demonstrates that tailored GG hydrogels support the generation of a microenvironment in which both cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions positively influence DP cells towards the creation of an artificial DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Abreu
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E L Lago
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Pires
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lucília P da Silva
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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3
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Hosseini M, Koehler KR, Shafiee A. Biofabrication of Human Skin with Its Appendages. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201626. [PMID: 36063498 PMCID: PMC11469047 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Much effort has been made to generate human skin organ in the laboratory. Yet, the current models are limited due to the lack of many critical biological and structural features of the skin. Importantly, these in vitro models lack appendages and fail to recapitulate the whole human skin construction. Thus, engineering a human skin with the capacity to generate all components, including appendages, is a major challenge. This review intends to provide an update on the recent efforts underway to regenerate appendage-bearing skin organs based on scaffold-free and scaffold-based bioengineering approaches. Although the mouse skin equivalents containing hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands have been established in vitro, there has been limited success in humans. A combination of biofabricated matrices and cell aggregates, such as organoids, can pave the way for generating skin substitutes with human-like biological, structural, and physical features. Accordingly, the formation of human skin organoids and reconstruction of vascularized skin equipped with immune cells prompt calls for more scientific research. The generation of appendage-bearing skin substitutes can be applied in practice for wound healing, hair restoration, and scar treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- School of MechanicalMedical and Process EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD4059Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D)Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD4059Australia
| | - Karl R. Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Department of OtolaryngologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA02115USA
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Herston Biofabrication InstituteMetro North Hospital and Health ServiceBrisbaneQLD4029Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalMetro North Hospital and Health ServiceBrisbaneQLD4029Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina InstituteTranslational Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4102Australia
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4
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Chew EGY, Lim TC, Leong MF, Liu X, Sia YY, Leong ST, Yan-Jiang BC, Stoecklin C, Borhan R, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Nöthen MM, Viasnoff V, Shyh-Chang N, Wan ACA, Philpott MP, Hillmer AM. Observations that suggest a contribution of altered dermal papilla mitochondrial function to androgenetic alopecia. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:906-917. [PMID: 35119146 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent hair loss condition in males that develops due to the influence of androgens and genetic predisposition. With the aim of elucidating genes involved in AGA pathogenesis, we modelled AGA with three-dimensional culture of keratinocyte-surrounded dermal papilla (DP) cells. We co-cultured immortalised balding and non-balding human DP cells (DPC) derived from male AGA patients with epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) using multi-interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation technique. We observed up-regulated mitochondria-related gene expression in balding compared to non-balding DP aggregates which indicated altered mitochondria metabolism. Further observation of significantly reduced electron transport chain complex activity (complex I, IV and V), ATP levels and ability to uptake metabolites for ATP generation demonstrated compromised mitochondria function in balding DPC. Balding DP was also found to be under significantly higher oxidative stress than non-balding DP. Our experiments suggest that application of antioxidants lowers oxidative stress levels and improve metabolite uptake in balding DPC. We postulate that the observed up-regulation of mitochondria-related genes in balding DP aggregates resulted from an over-compensatory effort to rescue decreased mitochondrial function in balding DP through the attempted production of new functional mitochondria. In all, our three-dimensional co-culturing revealed mitochondrial dysfunction in balding DPC, suggesting a metabolic component in the etiology of AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine G Y Chew
- Cancer Therapeutics & Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Tze Chiun Lim
- Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
| | - Meng Fatt Leong
- Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore.,School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Xingliang Liu
- Cancer Therapeutics & Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Yen Sia
- Cancer Therapeutics & Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - See Ting Leong
- Cancer Therapeutics & Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C Yan-Jiang
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Celine Stoecklin
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rosa Borhan
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary College, London, UK
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine &, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine &, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Institute of Zoology, Institute of Stem Cell & Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew C A Wan
- Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore.,Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Singapore
| | - M P Philpott
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary College, London, UK
| | - Axel M Hillmer
- Cancer Therapeutics & Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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5
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Abreu CM, Marques AP. Recreation of a hair follicle regenerative microenvironment: Successes and pitfalls. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10235. [PMID: 35079623 PMCID: PMC8780054 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is an exquisite skin appendage endowed with cyclical regenerative capacity; however, de novo follicle formation does not naturally occur. Consequently, patients suffering from extensive skin damage or hair loss are deprived of the HF critical physiological and/or aesthetic functions, severally compromising skin function and the individual's psychosocial well-being. Translation of regenerative strategies has been prevented by the loss of trichogenic capacity that relevant cell populations undergo in culture and by the lack of suitable human-based in vitro testing platforms. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the major difficulties associated with HF regeneration and the approaches used to overcome these drawbacks. We describe key cellular requirements and discuss the importance of the HF extracellular matrix and associated signaling for HF regeneration. Finally, we summarize the strategies proposed so far to bioengineer human HF or hair-bearing skin models and disclose future trends for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Abreu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs ‐ Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark–Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarãesPortugal
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs ‐ Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAvePark–Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryGuimarãesPortugal
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6
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Kolundzic N, Khurana P, Crumrine D, Celli A, Mauro TM, Ilic D. Epidermal Basement Membrane Substitutes for Bioengineering of Human Epidermal Equivalents. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 2:100083. [PMID: 35199088 PMCID: PMC8844655 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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7
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Abreu CM, Pirraco RP, Reis RL, Cerqueira MT, Marques AP. Interfollicular epidermal stem-like cells for the recreation of the hair follicle epithelial compartment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:62. [PMID: 33451331 PMCID: PMC7811263 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicle (HF) development and growth are dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (EMIs). Dermal papilla (DP) cells are recognized as the key inductive mesenchymal player, but the ideal source of receptive keratinocytes for human HF regeneration is yet to be defined. We herein investigated whether human interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes with stem-like features (EpSlKCs), characterized by a α6bri/CD71dim expression, can replace human hair follicular keratinocytes (HHFKCs) for the recreation of the HF epithelium and respective EMIs. METHODS The α6bri/CD71dim cellular fraction was selected from the whole interfollicular keratinocyte population through fluorescence-activated cell sorting and directly compared with follicular keratinocytes in terms of their proliferative capacity and phenotype. The crosstalk with DP cells was studied in an indirect co-culture system, and EpSlKC hair forming capacity tested in a hair reconstitution assay when combined with DP cells. RESULTS EpSlKCs exhibited a phenotypic profile similar to follicular keratinocytes and were capable of increasing DP cell proliferation and, for short co-culture times, the number of alkaline phosphatase-active cells, suggesting an improvement of their inductivity. Moreover, the recreation of immature HFs and sebaceous glands was observed after EpSlKC and DP cell co-grafting in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EpSlKCs are akin to follicular keratinocytes and can crosstalk with DP cells, contributing to HF morphogenesis in vivo, thus representing an attractive epithelial cell source for hair regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Abreu
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mariana T Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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8
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Cui Z, Hu Y, Wang H, Zeng Y, Dong B, Zhu H, Dong Z, Liu Z. Establishment and characterization of outer root sheath (ORS) cell line from Jining grey goat. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 34:433-40. [PMID: 22105552 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new line of outer root sheath (ORS) cells was established from hair follicles of Jining grey goat by using a mechanical separation combined with enzyme digestion. Cell morphology is described at different phases. The chromosome analysis of ORS cells, identification of the ORS cells and morphological reversion test were detected at the 4th and 40th passages. The ORS cells were healthy and the growth characteristics were stable with a population doubling time of 52 h. Chromosome analysis showed that >58% of cells were diploid. Test for ORS cell line CK19 expression was positive. This newly established ORS cell line not only lays the foundation for further studying on the growth, regeneration, development law of goat hair follicle but also provides a mirror for the research of human hair in medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Cui
- Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Taian 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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9
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Mahjour SB, Ghaffarpasand F, Wang H. Hair follicle regeneration in skin grafts: current concepts and future perspectives. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 18:15-23. [PMID: 21883016 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The repair and management of full-thickness skin defects resulting from burns and chronic wounds remain a significant unmet clinical challenge. For those skin defects exceeding 50%-60% of total body surface area, it is impractical to treat with autologous skin transplants because of the shortage of donor sites. The possibility of using tissue-engineered skin grafts for full-thickness wound repair is a promising approach. The primary goal of tissue-engineered skin grafts is to restore lost barrier function, but regeneration of appendages, such as hair follicles, has to be yet achieved. The successful regeneration of hair follicles in immunodeficient mice suggests that creating human hair follicles in tissue-engineered skin grafts is feasible. However, many limitations still need to be explored, particularly enriching isolated cells with trichogenic capacity, maintaining this ability during processing, and providing the cells with proper environmental cues. Current advances in hair follicle regeneration, in vitro and in vivo, are concisely summarized in this report, and key requirements to bioengineer a hair follicle are proposed, with emphasis on a three-dimensional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Babak Mahjour
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
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10
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Larouche D, Cuffley K, Paquet C, Germain L. Tissue-engineered skin preserving the potential of epithelial cells to differentiate into hair after grafting. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 17:819-30. [PMID: 20973750 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether tissue-engineered skin produced in vitro was able to sustain growth of hair follicles in vitro and after grafting. Different tissues were designed. Dissociated newborn mouse keratinocytes or newborn mouse hair buds (HBs) were added onto dermal constructs consisting of a tissue-engineered cell-derived matrix elaborated from either newborn mouse or adult human fibroblasts cultured with ascorbic acid. After 7-21 days of maturation at the air-liquid interface, no hair was noticed in vitro. Epidermal differentiation was observed in all tissue-engineered skin. However, human fibroblast-derived tissue-engineered dermis (hD) promoted a thicker epidermis than mouse fibroblast-derived tissue-engineered dermis (mD). In association with mD, HBs developed epithelial cyst-like inclusions presenting outer root sheath-like attributes. In contrast, epidermoid cyst-like inclusions lined by a stratified squamous epithelium were present in tissues composed of HBs and hD. After grafting, pilo-sebaceous units formed and hair grew in skin elaborated from HBs cultured 10-26 days submerged in culture medium in association with mD. However, the number of normal hair follicles decreased with longer culture time. This hair-forming capacity after grafting was not observed in tissues composed of hD overlaid with HBs. These results demonstrate that epithelial stem cells can be kept in vitro in a permissive tissue-engineered dermal environment without losing their potential to induce hair growth after grafting.
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11
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Yoo BY, Shin YH, Yoon HH, Seo YK, Park JK. Hair follicular cell/organ culture in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Poeggeler B, Knuever J, Gáspár E, Bíró T, Klinger M, Bodo E, Wiesner RJ, Wenzel BE, Paus R. Thyrotropin powers human mitochondria. FASEB J 2010; 24:1525-31. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-147728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
- Abiol LtdDebrecenHungary
| | | | | | - Rudolf J. Wiesner
- Department of Vegetative PhysiologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)CologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)CologneGermany
| | | | - Ralf Paus
- Department of DermatologyGermany
- School of Translational MedicineUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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13
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Havlickova B, Bíró T, Mescalchin A, Tschirschmann M, Mollenkopf H, Bettermann A, Pertile P, Lauster R, Bodó E, Paus R. A human folliculoid microsphere assay for exploring epithelial- mesenchymal interactions in the human hair follicle. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:972-83. [PMID: 18923448 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The search for more effective drugs for the management of common hair growth disorders remains a top priority, both for clinical dermatology and industry. In this pilot study, we report a pragmatic organotypic assay for basic and applied hair research. The patented technique produces microdroplets, which generate human folliculoid microspheres (HFMs), consisting of human dermal papilla fibroblasts and outer root sheath keratinocytes within an extracellular matrix that simulates elements of the hair follicle mesenchyme. Studying a number of different markers (for example, proliferation, apoptosis, cytokeratin-6, versican), we show that these HFMs, cultured under well-defined conditions, retain several essential epithelial-mesenchymal interactions characteristic for human scalp hair follicle. Selected, recognized hair growth-modulatory agents modulate these parameters in a manner that suggests that HFMs allow the standardized preclinical assessment of test agents on relevant human hair growth markers under substantially simplified in vitro conditions that approximate the in vivo situation. Furthermore, we show by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase-PCR, and DNA microarray techniques that HFMs also offer a useful discovery tool for the identification of target genes and their products for candidate hair drugs. HFM thus represent an instructive modern experimental and screening tool for basic and applied hair research in the human system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Havlickova
- Department of Dermatology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Kurokawa I, Umeda K, Nishimura K, Yamanaka KI, Hakamada A, Isoda KI, Tsubura A, Mizutani H. Filaggrin expression and the pathogenesis of epidermal cysts. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:415-6. [PMID: 17596157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Wu JJ, Zhu TY, Lu YG, Liu RQ, Mai Y, Cheng B, Lu ZF, Zhong BY, Tang SQ. Hair follicle reformation induced by dermal papilla cells from human scalp skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2006; 298:183-90. [PMID: 16897077 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-006-0686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the possibility of hair follicle reformation induced by dermal papilla cells in vivo and in vitro. Dermal papilla cells, dermal sheath cells obtained from human scalp skin by enzyme digestion were mixed with collagen to form mesenchymal cell-populated collagen gels. Superior and inferior epithelial cells and bulb matrical cells were then cultured on these gels by organotypic culture to recombine bilayer artificial skins. Dermal papilla cells and outer root sheath keratinocytes were mingled together and transplanted under subcutaneous tissue of the dorsal skin of nude mice. The results of histologic examination was observed with HE stain. These recombinants by organotypic culture all reformed bilayer structure like nature skin. Hair follicle-like structure reformation was found in dermal sheath cell-populated collagen gel when combined with superior or inferior epithelial cells. Dermal papilla cells also induced superior and inferior epithelial cells to form hair follicle on nude mice. Low passage dermal papilla cells mixed with hair follicle epithelial cells reformed many typical hair follicle structures and produced hair fibres after transplantation on nude mice. The dermal part of hair follicle, such as dermal papilla cells and dermal sheath cells, has the ability to induce hair follicle formation by interaction with the epithelial cells of hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Battle Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Havlickova B, Bíró T, Mescalchin A, Arenberger P, Paus R. Towards optimization of an organotypic assay system that imitates human hair follicle-like epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151:753-65. [PMID: 15491414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human hair growth can currently be studied in vitro by the use of organ-cultured scalp hair follicles (HFs). However, simplified organotypic systems are needed for dissecting the underlying epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and as screening tools for candidate hair growth-modulatory agents. OBJECTIVES To optimize the design and culture conditions of previously published organotypic systems that imitate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the human HF as closely as possible. MATERIALS AND METHODS Continuous submerged organotypic 'sandwich' cultures were established. These consist of a pseudodermis (collagen I mixed with and contracted by human interfollicular dermal fibroblasts) on which one of two upper layers is placed: either a mixture of Matrigel basement membrane matrix (BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA, U.S.A.) and follicular dermal papilla fibroblasts (DPC), with outer root sheath keratinocytes (ORSK) layered on the top ('layered' system), or a mixture of Matrigel, DPC and ORSK ('mixed' system). Morphological and functional characteristics of these 'folliculoid sandwiches' were then assessed by routine histology, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In both 'layered' and 'mixed' systems, the ORSK formed spheroid epithelial cell aggregates, which retained their characteristic keratin expression pattern (i.e. cytokeratin 6). In the 'mixed' sandwich model the size of the epithelial cell aggregates was smaller, but the numbers of ORSK were significantly higher than in the 'layered' model at day 14 in the culture. ORSK proliferated better in the 'mixed' than in the 'layered' sandwich system, regardless of the calcium or serum content of the media, whereas apoptosis of ORSK was lowest in the 'mixed' system in serum-free, low calcium medium. The kinetics of proliferation and apoptosis of DPC, which retained their characteristic expression of versican, were similar in both systems. However, proliferation and apoptosis of DPC were higher in the presence of serum and/or under high calcium conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results underscore the importance of structural design and medium composition for epithelial-mesenchymal interactions as they occur in the human HF. Specifically, we report a new organotypic submerged 'folliculoid sandwich' system with serum-free, low calcium medium and a mixture of interacting human DPC and ORSK, which offers several advantages over previously available assays. This system allows the standardized assessment of the effects of a test agent on the proliferation, apoptosis and key marker expression of human ORSK and DPC under substantially simplified in vitro conditions which approximate the in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Havlickova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Seo YK, Lee DH, Shin YH, You BY, Lee KM, Song KY, Seo SJ, Whang SJ, Kim YJ, Yang EK, Park CS, Chang IS, Park JK. Development of isolation and cultivation method for outer root sheath cells from human hair follicle and construction of bioartificial skin. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02940272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Xie Z, Komuves L, Yu QC, Elalieh H, Ng DC, Leary C, Chang S, Crumrine D, Yoshizawa T, Kato S, Bikle DD. Lack of the vitamin D receptor is associated with reduced epidermal differentiation and hair follicle growth. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 118:11-6. [PMID: 11851870 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, acting through the vitamin D receptor, regulates the expression of genes in a variety of vitamin D-responsive tissues, including the epidermis. To investigate the role of the vitamin D receptor in mediating epidermal differentiation, we examined the histomorphology and expression of differentiation markers in the epidermis of vitamin D receptor knockout mice generated by gene targeting. The homozygous knockout mouse displayed a phenotype that closely resembles vitamin D-dependent rickets type II in humans, including the development of rickets and alopecia. Hair loss developed by 3 mo after birth and gradually led to nearly total hair loss by 8 mo. Histologic analysis of the skin of homozygous knockout mice revealed dilation of the hair follicles with the formation of dermal cysts starting at the age of 3 wk. These cysts increased in size and number with age. Epidermal differentiation markers, including involucrin, profilaggrin, and loricrin, detected by immunostaining and in situ hybridization, showed decreased expression levels in homozygous knockout mice from birth until 3 wk, preceding the morphologic changes observed in the hair follicles. Keratin 10 levels, however, were not reduced. At the ultrastructural level, homozygous knockout mice showed increased numbers of small dense granules in the granular layer with few or no surrounding keratin bundles and a loss of keratohyalin granules. Thus, both the interfollicular epidermis and the hair follicle appear to require the vitamin D receptor for normal differentiation. The temporal abnormalities between the two processes reflect the apparent lack of requirement for the vitamin D receptor during the anagen phase of the first (developmental) hair cycle, but with earlier effects on the terminal differentiation of the interfollicular epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjion Xie
- Endocrine Unit, VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Nearly 50 years ago, Chase published a review of hair cycling in which he detailed hair growth in the mouse and integrated hair biology with the biology of his day. In this review we have used Chase as our model and tried to put the adult hair follicle growth cycle in perspective. We have tried to sketch the adult hair follicle cycle, as we know it today and what needs to be known. Above all, we hope that this work will serve as an introduction to basic biologists who are looking for a defined biological system that illustrates many of the challenges of modern biology: cell differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, stem cell biology, pattern formation, apoptosis, cell and organ growth cycles, and pigmentation. The most important theme in studying the cycling hair follicle is that the follicle is a regenerating system. By traversing the phases of the cycle (growth, regression, resting, shedding, then growth again), the follicle demonstrates the unusual ability to completely regenerate itself. The basis for this regeneration rests in the unique follicular epithelial and mesenchymal components and their interactions. Recently, some of the molecular signals making up these interactions have been defined. They involve gene families also found in other regenerating systems such as fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, Wnt pathway, Sonic hedgehog, neurotrophins, and homeobox. For the immediate future, our challenge is to define the molecular basis for hair follicle growth control, to regenerate a mature hair follicle in vitro from defined populations, and to offer real solutions to our patients' problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Stenn
- Beauty Genome Sciences Inc., Skillman, New Jersey, USA.
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20
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Gorelik JV, Paramonov BA, Blinova MI, Diakonov IA, Kukhareva LV, Pinaev GP. Matrigel increases the rate of split wound healing and promotes keratinocyte ;take' in deep wounds in rats. Cytotechnology 2000; 32:79-86. [PMID: 19002969 PMCID: PMC3449687 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008192111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of matrigel, a mixture of the components of thebasement membrane, on the wound healing was studied in a modelof experimental wounds in rats. Matrigel was found to increasethe rate of epithelization of split-thickness wounds. The modelof deep wound was developed in which the host animal could notprovide enough migrating and proliferating keratinocytes tocover the wound area. The model is relevant to severe burns andinjuries in humans. When rat keratinocyte suspension wastransplanted into deep wounds, cell retention in the wound bedwas only observed if matrigel was added together with the cells.Increasing matrigel concentration in the wound was seen toenhance the rate of wound area coverage by the cells. Althoughthe process of healing seemed macroscopically normal, afterhistological screening of the biopsies cell in the wouldappeared as amorphous aggregates and tubules rather thenstratified epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Gorelik
- Institute of Cytology RAS, Tikhoretsky ave 4., St. Petersburg, Russia, 194064
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21
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Misago N, Toda S, Sugihara H, Kohda H, Narisawa Y. Proliferation and differentiation of organoid hair follicle cells co-cultured with fat cells in collagen gel matrix culture. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139:40-8. [PMID: 9764147 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using rat skin, we studied the influence of fat cells on the proliferation and differentiation of organoid hair follicle cells in a three-dimensional collagen gel matrix culture system. We cultured organoid hair follicles embedded in collagen gel under each of the following three conditions: cell-free collagen gel for control experiments (condition 1); co-culture with fat cells in close apposition (condition 2); and co-culture with fat cells in spatial separation (condition 3). Outgrowths of epithelial cells from the organoid hair follicles associated with perifollicular proliferation of fibroblasts were observed under conditions 1 and 3. Under condition 2, proliferation of both organoid hair follicle cells and fibroblasts was inhibited, but differentiation of the hair follicle cells appeared to be accelerated. Fat cells are considered to have an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of perifollicular fibroblasts, which might have resulted in the inhibition of hair follicle cell proliferation and also in the better maintenance of normal follicular structure and integrity, allowing for hair-type differentiation to proceed. A direct accelerating effect of fat cells on hair follicle differentiation may also have been responsible. In a physiological state (co-culture with keratinocytes on the collagen gel), similar results were observed under conditions 1 and 2. The different findings under conditions 2 and 3 may be due to either of two possibilities: either the concentration gradient of the soluble factors released from fat cells, acting on either the hair follicle cells or the perifollicular fibroblasts as an inhibitor of proliferation, caused the difference in the results, or direct contact between the organoid hair follicle cells and fat cells may have influenced the accelerating effect of fat cells on the differentiation of hair follicle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Misago
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Japan
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22
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Panteleyev AA, van der Veen C, Rosenbach T, Müller-Röver S, Sokolov VE, Paus R. Towards defining the pathogenesis of the hairless phenotype. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 110:902-7. [PMID: 9620297 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the hairless (hr) gene in mice causes severe abnormalities during the first hair follicle regression (catagen), resulting in complete baldness. Here, we further characterize how hairlessness develops in HRS/J hairless mouse skin (hr) by histology, histochemistry, immunohistology, and in situ hybridization. We show that, in hr skin, only two defined epithelial cell populations in the distal outer root sheath (ORS) retain their integrity, whereas the rest of the ORS disintegrates. The surviving distal ORS forms the characteristic utriculi, whereas the remnants of the bulge get isolated from other epithelial compartments, but retain the capacity to proliferate and to produce either columnar epithelial outgrowths or selected dermal cysts. Normal dermal papilla structures get lost during the development of hairlessness. Based on the patterns of keratin 17 mRNA and neural cell adhesion molecule antigen expression, and on the distribution of alkaline phosphatase activity, we propose that dermal cysts in hr skin arise from (i) the central ORS, (ii) bulge-derived cells, or (iii) the disintegrating proximal ORS under the influence of dermal papilla remnants. The hr mutation seems to disrupt the integrity of key functional tissue units in the hair follicle, possibly due to a dysregulation of normal, catagen-associated apoptosis and/or an impairment of cell adhesion, whereas the distal follicle epithelium (including its stem cell region) seems to be largely protected from this. Thus, hairless mice offer a unique model for dissecting the as yet obscure functional properties of the hr gene product in maintaining follicle integrity during normal catagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Panteleyev
- Department of Dermatology, Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Mueller-Klieser W. Three-dimensional cell cultures: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 273:C1109-23. [PMID: 9357753 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.4.c1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews actual advances in the development and application of three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture systems. Recent therapeutically oriented studies include characterization of multicellular-mediated drug resistance, novel ways of quantifying hypoxia, and new approaches to more efficient immunotherapy. Recent progress toward understanding the development of necrosis in tumor spheroids has been made using novel spheroid models. 3-D cultures have been used for studies on molecular mechanisms involved in invasion and metastasis, with a major focus on the role of E-cadherin. Similarly, tumor angiogenesis and the significance of vascular endothelial growth factor have been investigated in a variety of 3-D culture systems. There are many ongoing developments in tissue modeling or remodeling that promise significant progress toward the development of bioartificial liver support and artificial blood. Perhaps one of the most interesting areas of basic research with 3-D cultures is the characterization of embryoid bodies obtained from stable embryonic stem cells. These models have greatly increased the understanding of embryonic development, in particular through the notable exceptional advances in cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mueller-Klieser
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
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24
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Jahoda CA, Reynolds AJ. Dermal-epidermal interactions. Adult follicle-derived cell populations and hair growth. Dermatol Clin 1996; 14:573-83. [PMID: 9238317 DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic dermal-epidermal interactions are central to the development and growth of hair. This article describes investigations into the inductive properties of specific dermal and epidermal cell populations from adult follicles by means of cell culture and in vivo implantation. It highlights the inductive powers of cultured dermal papilla cells and the more recent finding that the germinative epidermal cells of the lower follicle also can stimulate hair growth. How the reconstruction of a hair follicle from its constituent parts has been achieved is described. The significance of these findings is considered with reference to human hair growth, tissue engineering, and the prospects for elucidating the molecular signalling mechanisms that underpin dermal-epidermal interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Jahoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom
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25
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Bernerd F, Schweizer J, Demarchez M. Dermal cysts of the rhino mouse develop into unopened sebaceous glands. Arch Dermatol Res 1996; 288:586-95. [PMID: 8919041 DOI: 10.1007/bf02505261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The rhino mouse (hr(rh)hr(rh)) is a mutant strain characterized by a wrinkled and hairless skin with epidermal utriculi (pseudocomedones) and dermal cysts. The epidermal cysts have been extensively studied. The present work focused on the dermal cysts. By electron microscopy it was found that they appear on day 20 after birth and that they originate from a pool of undifferentiated epithelial cells of the deepest part of the initial follicular unit. Progressively, the number of cells in these islets increased and a central cavity was formed. Peripheral cells differentiated into sebocyte-like cells and outer root sheath cells. Staining with Oil Red O solution indicated accumulation of lipid material in the central cavity. The dermal cysts of the adult rhino mouse were isolated and purified in several steps including enzyme digestion, centrifugation, and separation on Nylex sieves. The integrity of the isolated cysts was confirmed by histology and electron microscopy. Study of their keratin polypeptide pattern by gel electrophoresis indicated that they express the mouse keratins 5, 14, 6 and 17. Neutral lipid analysis of the dermal cyst contents showed that they were mainly composed of cholesterol esters, wax esters, lipid fractions which migrate between triglycerides and cholesterol esters but very small amounts of triglycerides, cholesterol and ceramides. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that dermal cysts of the rhino mouse have strong similarities with sebaceous glands and outer root sheath cells. These structures can easily be isolated and could therefore serve as a 'closed sebaceous gland' model to study the physiology or differentiation of the sebaceous gland, or the effects of pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bernerd
- L'Oreal, Centre de Recherche Charles Zviak, Clichy, France
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26
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Fusenig NE, Limat A, Stark HJ, Breitkreutz D. Modulation of the differentiated phenotype of keratinocytes of the hair follicle and from epidermis. J Dermatol Sci 1994; 7 Suppl:S142-51. [PMID: 7999672 DOI: 10.1016/0923-1811(94)90045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation capacity and its modulation by cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of epithelial cells from epidermis (NEK), hair follicle outer root sheath (ORS) and hair matrix cells (HMC) in different experimental model systems is reviewed. Reformation of structurally intact and functioning hair follicles has been achieved with isolated neonatal mouse cells in vivo when follicular epithelia and dermal fibroblasts were transplanted. This structural reorganization has not yet been feasible in vitro in either surface or matrix embedded organotypic cocultures with mesenchymal cells. While the epithelial cells isolated from epidermis or hair follicle compartments formed similar stratified and keratinizing epithelia in vitro, their degree of differentiation was significantly different, declining from NEK over ORS to HMC. Differentiation was further reduced in HMC cultures in the presence of dermal papilla cells (DPC). Differentiation was analyzed by morphologic criteria and the biochemical analysis as well as immunohistochemical localization of differentiation products such as keratins, involucrin, filaggrin, integrins, basement membrane components and membrane antigens. The results demonstrate fully maintained differentiation capacity of skin and appendage-keratinocytes to reconstitute a squamous epithelium, reflecting their common origin from embryonic epidermis. For the induction of hair follicle-specific structural and functional characteristics, different and probably more complex interactive mechanisms may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Fusenig
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Differentiation and Carcinogenesis, Heidelberg
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27
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Limat A, Hunziker T, Waelti ER, Inaebnit SP, Wiesmann U, Braathen LR. Soluble factors from human hair papilla cells and dermal fibroblasts dramatically increase the clonal growth of outer root sheath cells. Arch Dermatol Res 1993; 285:205-10. [PMID: 8342964 DOI: 10.1007/bf00372010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Depending on environmental influences, follicular outer root sheath (ORS) cells in vivo can differentiate either towards interfollicular keratinocytes or, as demonstrated in the rat vibrissa, hair matrix cells. Crucial regulators of both their proliferation and differentiation are the mesenchymal cells of the respective tissues. The interactions of human ORS cells with human hair papilla cells (HPC) or human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) were studied using a two-chamber model separating the two cell types either by a microporous membrane or additionally by a medium layer. The results of 3H-thymidine incorporation studies indicated that ORS cell growth was markedly enhanced in co-culture with either HPC or HDF, the highest stimulatory effect resulting when ORS cells were in close association with the mesenchymal cells. No correlation was found between ORS cell proliferation and IL-6 production in the co-culture system, thus pointing to the secretion by HPC and HDF of growth-promoting soluble factors that are different form IL-6 as well as from EGF, bFGF and insulin present in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Limat
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland
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