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Kim T, Hwang D, Kyun S, Jang I, Kim SW, Park HY, Lim K, Kim C, Kim J. Effects of post-exercise intake of exogenous lactate on energy substrate utilization at rest. Phys Act Nutr 2024; 28:1-6. [PMID: 38719460 PMCID: PMC11079383 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2024.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of exogenous lactate intake on energy metabolism during 1 h of rest after acute exercise. METHODS Eight-week-old ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: SED (no treatment), EXE (exercise only), LAC (post-exercise oral lactate administration), and SAL (post-exercise saline administration) (n=8 per group). The exercise intensity was at VO2max 80% at 25 m/min and 15° slope for 50 min. After acute exercise, the LAC and SAL groups ingested lactate and saline orally, respectively, and were allowed to rest in a chamber. Energy metabolism was measured for 1 h during the resting period. RESULTS LAC and SAL group mice ingested lactate and saline, respectively, after exercise and the blood lactate concentration was measured 1 h later through tail blood sampling. Blood lactate concentration was not significantly different between the two groups. Energy metabolism measurements under stable conditions revealed that the respiratory exchange ratio in the LAC group was significantly lower than that in the SAL group. Additionally, carbohydrate oxidation in the LAC group was significantly lower than that in the SAL group at 10-25 min. No significant difference was observed in the fat oxidation level between the two groups. CONCLUSION We found that post-exercise lactate intake modified the respiratory exchange ratio after 1 h of rest. In addition, acute lactate ingestion inhibits carbohydrate oxidation during the post-exercise recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deunsol Hwang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kyun
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkwon Jang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Charyong Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Huang Y, Wei J, Han D, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, He B. Muscular blood oxygen level-dependent MRI is beneficial to evaluate effectiveness of an exercise prescription. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:470. [PMID: 33850867 PMCID: PMC8039708 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background To determine the feasibility and validity of using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the effects of back extension exercise on core lumbar paraspinal muscle strength. Methods In this prospective study, R2* and T2 mapping of paraspinal muscles of 100 healthy volunteers were performed before and after back extension exercises in different recovery sessions (session I, II, III or IV). Volunteers use the Roman chair to complete the back extension exercises. The cross-sectional area (CSA), R2* and T2 values were measured and analyzed in 3 muscles (iliocostalis, longissimus, and multifidus muscles) of the lower back before and after exercise. Results The CSA and T2 values of iliocostalis, longissimus, and multifidus muscles at L3 and L4 levels were higher in recovery sessions I and II than in the resting-state (P<0.05); however, compared to that in the resting-state, the R2* value was significantly reduced in session I but increased in sessions II–IV (P<0.05). Furthermore, the CSA and T2 values in recovery session I were higher than those in the resting-state, whereas the R2* value was lower (P<0.05). After exercise, the recovery tendency of R2* and T2 value was consistent in both males and females, but a significant sex difference in R2* value was observed between recovery sessions III and IV (P<0.05). Conclusions R2* mapping and T2 mapping are effective and feasible for assessment of the effects of back extension exercises on lumbar paraspinal muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jialu Wei
- Department of Radiology, The 3rd People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanming Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenguang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Corbianco S, Cavallini G, Baldereschi G, Carboncini MC, Fiamingo FL, Bongioanni P, Dini M. Whole body vibration and treadmill training in Parkinson’s disease rehabilitation: effects on energy cost and recovery phases. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:2159-2168. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ko SS, An KO, Lee SH. Effects of 60% VO2R Intensity Equicaloric Intermittent and Continuous Exercise on EPOC and Fat Oxidation. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2018.20.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Schaun GZ, Pinto SS, Praia ABDC, Alberton CL. Energy expenditure and EPOC between water-based high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training sessions in healthy women. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2053-2060. [PMID: 29400623 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1435967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared the energy expenditure (EE) during and after two water aerobics protocols, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate continuous training (CONT). A crossover randomized design was employed comprising 11 healthy young women. HIIT consisted of eight 20s bouts at 130% of the cadence associated with the maximal oxygen consumption (measured in the aquatic environment) with 10s passive rest. CONT corresponded to 30 min at a heart rate equivalent to 90-95% of the second ventilatory threshold. EE was measured during and 30 min before and after the protocols and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) was calculated. Total EE during session was higher in CONT (227.62 ± 31.69 kcal) compared to HIIT (39.91 ± 4.24 kcal), while EE per minute was greater in HIIT (9.98 ± 1.06 kcal) than in CONT (7.58 ± 1.07 kcal). Post-exercise EE (64.48 ± 3.50 vs. 63.65 ± 10.39 kcal) and EPOC (22.53 ± 4.98 vs.22.10 ± 8.00 kcal) were not different between HIIT and CONT, respectively. Additionally, oxygen uptake had already returned to baseline fifteen minutes post-exercise. These suggest that a water aerobics CONT session results in post-exercise EE and EPOC comparable to HIIT despite the latter supramaximal nature. Still, CONT results in higher total EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Zaccaria Schaun
- a Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Stephanie Santana Pinto
- a Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | | | - Cristine Lima Alberton
- a Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School , Federal University of Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
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Schaun GZ, Alberton CL, Ribeiro DO, Pinto SS. Acute effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training sessions on cardiorespiratory parameters in healthy young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1437-1444. [PMID: 28488137 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to compare the energy expenditure (EE) during and after two treadmill protocols, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate continuous training (CONT), in young adult men. METHODS The sample was comprised by 26 physically active men aged between 18 and 35 years engaged in aerobic training programs. They were divided into two groups: HIIT (n = 14) which performed eight 20 s bouts at 130% of the velocity associated with the maximal oxygen consumption on a treadmill with 10 s of passive rest, or CONT (n = 12) which performed 30 min running on a treadmill at a submaximal velocity equivalent to 90-95% of the heart rate associated with the anaerobic threshold. Data related to oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) and EE were measured during the protocols and the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) was calculated for both sessions. RESULTS No difference was found between groups for mean [Formula: see text] (HIIT: 2.84 ± 0.46 L min-1; CONT: 2.72 ± 0.43 L min-1) and EE per minute (HIIT: 14.36 ± 2.34 kcal min-1; CONT: 13.21 ± 2.08 kcal min-1) during protocols. Regarding total EE during session, CONT resulted in higher values compared to HIIT (390.45 ± 65.15; 55.20 ± 9.33 kcal, respectively). However, post-exercise EE and EPOC values were higher after HIIT (69.31 ± 10.88; 26.27 ± 2.28 kcal, respectively) compared to CONT (55.99 ± 10.20; 13.43 ± 10.45 kcal, respectively). CONCLUSION These data suggest that supramaximal HIIT has a higher impact on EE and EPOC in the early phase of recovery when compared to CONT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Zaccaria Schaun
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, Três Vendas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Cristine Lima Alberton
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, Três Vendas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Oliveira Ribeiro
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, Três Vendas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Santana Pinto
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, Três Vendas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Lazzer S, Tringali G, Caccavale M, De Micheli R, Abbruzzese L, Sartorio A. Effects of high-intensity interval training on physical capacities and substrate oxidation rate in obese adolescents. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:217-226. [PMID: 27639403 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a 3-week weight-management program entailing moderate energy restriction, nutritional education, psychological counseling and three different exercise training (a: low intensity, LI: 40 % V'O2max; b: high intensity, HI: 70 % V'O2max; c: high-intensity interval training, HIIT), on body composition, energy expenditure and fat oxidation rate in obese adolescents. METHODS Thirty obese adolescents (age: 15-17 years, BMI: 37.5 kg m-2) participated in this study. Before starting (week 0, W0) and at the end of the weight-management program (week 3, W3), body composition was assessed by an impedancemeter; basal metabolic rate (BMR), energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rate were measured during exercise and post-exercise recovery by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS At W3, body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) decreased significantly in all groups, the decreases being significantly greater in the LI than in the HI and HIIT subgroups (BM: -8.4 ± 1.5 vs -6.3 ± 1.9 vs -4.9 ± 1.3 kg and FM: -4.2 ± 1.9 vs -2.8 ± 1.2 vs -2.3 ± 1.4 kg, p < 0.05, respectively). V'O2peak, expressed in relative values, changed significantly only in the HI and HIIT groups by 0.009 ± 0.005 and 0.007 ± 0.004 L kg FFM-1 min-1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HI and HIIT subgroups exhibited a greater absolute rate of fat oxidation between 50 and 70 % V'O2peak at W3. No significant changes were observed at W3 in BMR, energy expenditure during exercise and post-exercise recovery. CONCLUSION A 3-week weight-management program induced a greater decrease in BM and FM in the LI than in the HI and HIIT subgroups, and greater increase in V'O2peak and fat oxidation rate in the HI and HIIT than in the LI subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lazzer
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4-33100, Udine, Italy.
- School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy.
| | - G Tringali
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
| | - M Caccavale
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
| | - R De Micheli
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
| | - L Abbruzzese
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
| | - A Sartorio
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
- Divisione di Auxologia and Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
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Benton MJ, Waggener GT, Swan PD. Effect of Training Status on Oxygen Consumption in Women After Resistance Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:800-6. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wingfield HL, Smith-Ryan AE, Melvin MN, Roelofs EJ, Trexler ET, Hackney AC, Weaver MA, Ryan ED. The acute effect of exercise modality and nutrition manipulations on post-exercise resting energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio in women: a randomized trial. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2015; 1:11. [PMID: 26213682 PMCID: PMC4512833 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-015-0010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise modality and pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) or protein (PRO) ingestion on post-exercise resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in women. Methods Twenty recreationally active women (mean ± SD; age 24.6 ± 3.9 years; height 164.4 ± 6.6 cm; weight 62.7 ± 6.6 kg) participated in this randomized, crossover, double-blind study. Each participant completed six exercise sessions, consisting of three exercise modalities: aerobic endurance exercise (AEE), high-intensity interval running (HIIT), and high-intensity resistance training (HIRT); and two acute nutritional interventions: CHO and PRO. Salivary samples were collected before each exercise session to determine estradiol-β-17 and before and after to quantify cortisol. Post-exercise REE and RER were analyzed via indirect calorimetry at the following: baseline, immediately post (IP), 30 minutes (30 min) post, and 60 minutes (60 min) post exercise. A mixed effects linear regression model, controlling for estradiol, was used to compare mean longitudinal changes in REE and RER. Results On average, HIIT produced a greater REE than AEE and HIRT (p < 0.001) post exercise. Effects of AEE and HIRT were not significantly different for post-exercise REE (p = 0.1331). On average, HIIT produced lower RER compared to either AEE or HIRT after 30 min (p < 0.001 and p = 0.0169, respectively) and compared to AEE after 60 min (p = 0.0020). On average, pre-exercise PRO ingestion increased post-exercise REE (p = 0.0076) and decreased post-exercise RER (p < 0.0001) compared to pre-exercise CHO ingestion. Conclusion HIIT resulted in the largest increase in REE and largest reduction in RER. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40798-015-0010-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailee L Wingfield
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA.
| | - Malia N Melvin
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA
| | - Erica J Roelofs
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA
| | - Eric T Trexler
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA.,Department of Nutrition - Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark A Weaver
- Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric D Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 209 Fetzer Hall, CB #8700, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8700, USA
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Mann TN, Webster C, Lamberts RP, Lambert MI. Effect of exercise intensity on post-exercise oxygen consumption and heart rate recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:1809-20. [PMID: 24878688 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is some evidence that measures of acute post-exercise recovery are sensitive to the homeostatic stress of the preceding exercise and these measurements warrant further investigation as possible markers of training load. The current study investigated which of four different measures of metabolic and autonomic recovery was most sensitive to changes in exercise intensity. METHODS Thirty-eight moderately trained runners completed 20-min bouts of treadmill exercise at 60, 70 and 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and four different recovery measurements were determined: the magnitude of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOCMAG), the time constant of the oxygen consumption recovery curve (EPOCτ), heart rate recovery within 1 min (HRR60s) and the time constant of the heart rate recovery curve (HRRτ) . RESULTS Despite significant differences in exercise parameters at each exercise intensity, only EPOCMAG showed significantly slower recovery with each increase in exercise intensity at the group level and in the majority of individuals. EPOCτ was significantly slower at 70 and 80% of VO₂max vs. 60% VO₂max and HRRτ was only significantly slower when comparing the 80 vs. 60% VO₂max exercise bouts. In contrast, HRR60s reflected faster recovery at 70 and 80% of VO₂max than at 60% VO₂max. CONCLUSION Of the four recovery measurements investigated, EPOCMAG was the most sensitive to changes in exercise intensity and shows potential to reflect changes in the homeostatic stress of exercise at the group and individual level. Determining EPOCMAG may help to interpret the homeostatic stress of laboratory-based research trials or training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa N Mann
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, PO BOX 115, Cape Town, 7725, South Africa,
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Peñailillo L, Blazevich A, Nosaka K. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during and after eccentric cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:805-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lamont LS, Romito R, Rossi K. Fat-free mass and gender influences the rapid-phase excess postexercise oxygen consumption. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35:23-6. [DOI: 10.1139/h09-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gender dimorphism and body composition on postexercise oxygen consumption during the rapid recovery phase. We compared the rapid-phase excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) in men and women matched for age (32.1 years), physical activity status, and maximal oxygen consumption (44.7 mL·kg–1·min–1), but not for body mass or fat-free mass (FFM). All subjects exercised for 1 h at 50% of their peak capacity. Although there were differences between genders in the magnitude of the absolute oxygen consumption and EPOC during the rapid phase of recovery, there were no differences found when EPOC was corrected for FFM. We conclude that the gender differences in the absolute O2 consumption and EPOC are related to the size of the FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Lamont
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Departments of Cardiology and Pediatrics, Case-Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 3395 Scranton Rd, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Rochelle Romito
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Departments of Cardiology and Pediatrics, Case-Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 3395 Scranton Rd, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Karin Rossi
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Departments of Cardiology and Pediatrics, Case-Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 3395 Scranton Rd, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
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Pillard F, Van Wymelbeke V, Garrigue E, Moro C, Crampes F, Guilland JC, Berlan M, de Glisezinski I, Harant I, Rivière D, Brondel L. Lipid oxidation in overweight men after exercise and food intake. Metabolism 2010; 59:267-74. [PMID: 19796778 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fat oxidation (FO) is optimized during low- to moderate-intensity exercise in lean and obese subjects, whereas high-intensity exercise induces preferential FO during the recovery period. After food intake during the postexercise period, it is unknown if FO differs according to the intensity exercise in overweight subjects. Fat oxidation was thus evaluated in overweight men after low- and high-intensity exercise during the recovery period before and after food intake as well as during a control session. Ten healthy, sedentary, overweight men (age, 27.9 +/- 5.6 years; body mass index, 27.8 +/- 1.3 kg m(-2); maximal oxygen consumption, 37 +/- 3.9 mL min(-1) kg(-1)) exercised on a cycloergometer (energy expenditure = 300 kcal) at 35% (E35) or 70% (E70) maximal oxygen consumption or rested (Cont). The subjects were fed 30 minutes after the exercise with 300 kcal (1256 kJ) more energy in the exercise sessions than in the Cont session. Respiratory quotient and FO were calculated by indirect calorimetry. Blood samples were analyzed to measure plasma glycerol, nonesterified fatty acid, glucose, and insulin. During exercise, mean respiratory quotient was lower (P < .05) and FO was higher (P < .01) in the E35 than in the E70 session (FO [in mg min(-1)]: E35 = 290 +/- 12, E70 = 256 +/- 38, and Cont = 131 +/- 7). Conversely, FO was higher in the E70 than in both the E35 session and the Cont session during the immediate recovery as well as during the postprandial recovery period (P = .005 for all; FO from the end of the exercise to the end of the session [in grams]: E70 = 45.7 +/- 8.9, E35 = 38.2 +/- 6.8, and Cont = 36.0 +/- 4.3). Blood parameters did not differ between the 3 sessions but changed according to the absorption of the nutrients. In overweight subjects, high-intensity exercise increased FO during the postexercise period even after food intake compared with the low-intensity exercise and the control session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Pillard
- Obesity Research Unit, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit no 4, IFR31 Institut Louis Bugnard, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
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Fat oxidation rate during and after a low- or high-intensity exercise in severely obese Caucasian adolescents. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:383-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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LaForgia J, Withers RT, Gore CJ. Effects of exercise intensity and duration on the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. J Sports Sci 2007; 24:1247-64. [PMID: 17101527 DOI: 10.1080/02640410600552064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recovery from a bout of exercise is associated with an elevation in metabolism referred to as the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). A number of investigators in the first half of the last century reported prolonged EPOC durations and that the EPOC was a major component of the thermic effect of activity. It was therefore thought that the EPOC was a major contributor to total daily energy expenditure and hence the maintenance of body mass. Investigations conducted over the last two or three decades have improved the experimental protocols used in the pioneering studies and therefore have more accurately characterized the EPOC. Evidence has accumulated to suggest an exponential relationship between exercise intensity and the magnitude of the EPOC for specific exercise durations. Furthermore, work at exercise intensities >or=50-60% VO2max stimulate a linear increase in EPOC as exercise duration increases. The existence of these relationships with resistance exercise at this stage remains unclear because of the limited number of studies and problems with quantification of work intensity for this type of exercise. Although the more recent studies do not support the extended EPOC durations reported by some of the pioneering investigators, it is now apparent that a prolonged EPOC (3-24 h) may result from an appropriate exercise stimulus (submaximal: >or=50 min at >or=70% VO2max; supramaximal: >or=6 min at >or=105% VO2max). However, even those studies incorporating exercise stimuli resulting in prolonged EPOC durations have identified that the EPOC comprises only 6-15% of the net total oxygen cost of the exercise. But this figure may need to be increased when studies utilizing intermittent work bouts are designed to allow the determination of rest interval EPOCs, which should logically contribute to the EPOC determined following the cessation of the last work bout. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, the earlier research optimism regarding an important role for the EPOC in weight loss is generally unfounded. This is further reinforced by acknowledging that the exercise stimuli required to promote a prolonged EPOC are unlikely to be tolerated by non-athletic individuals. The role of exercise in the maintenance of body mass is therefore predominantly mediated via the cumulative effect of the energy expenditure during the actual exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J LaForgia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA.
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Saris WHM, Schrauwen P. Substrate oxidation differences between high- and low-intensity exercise are compensated over 24 hours in obese men. Int J Obes (Lond) 2004; 28:759-65. [PMID: 15052277 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise has been proposed as a tool for the prevention of obesity. Apart from an effect on energy expenditure, in particular low-intensity (LI) exercise might also influence substrate metabolism in favour of fat oxidation. It is however unclear what is the most beneficial exercise regime for obese people. We therefore studied the effect of either high-intensity (HI) or LI exercise on 24 h energy expenditure (24 h EE) and substrate metabolism. METHODS Eight healthy obese male volunteers (age: 38+/-1 y, BMI: 31+/-1 kg/m(2), W(max): 235+/-16 W) stayed in the respiration chamber for two nights and the day in-between. In the chamber they cycled either at a HI (three times 30 min in a interval protocol (2.5 min 80/50% W(max))) or LI (three times 60 min continuously at 38% W(max)) protocol with an equicaloric energy expenditure. In the chamber subjects were fed in energy balance (37/48/15% of energy as fat/carbohydrate/protein). RESULTS The 24 h EE was not significantly different between protocols. In both protocols, sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) was elevated after the exercise (average+6.7%). The 24 h respiratory quotient (24 h RQ) was not different between protocols. During exercise, RQ was higher in the HI compared to the LI protocol (0.93 vs 0.91 resp., P<0.05), whereas in the postexercise period RQ tended to be lower in the HI compared to the LI protocol (P=0.06). CONCLUSION 24 h EE is not differently affected by HI or LI exercise in obese men. Similarly, the differences in HI and LI exercise, RQ are compensated postexercise leading to similar substrate oxidation patterns over 24 h independently of the level of exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H M Saris
- Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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17
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Abstract
In the recovery period after exercise there is an increase in oxygen uptake termed the 'excess post-exercise oxygen consumption' (EPOC), consisting of a rapid and a prolonged component. While some studies have shown that EPOC may last for several hours after exercise, others have concluded that EPOC is transient and minimal. The conflicting results may be resolved if differences in exercise intensity and duration are considered, since this may affect the metabolic processes underlying EPOC. Accordingly, the absence of a sustained EPOC after exercise seems to be a consistent finding in studies with low exercise intensity and/or duration. The magnitude of EPOC after aerobic exercise clearly depends on both the duration and intensity of exercise. A curvilinear relationship between the magnitude of EPOC and the intensity of the exercise bout has been found, whereas the relationship between exercise duration and EPOC magnitude appears to be more linear, especially at higher intensities. Differences in exercise mode may potentially contribute to the discrepant findings of EPOC magnitude and duration. Studies with sufficient exercise challenges are needed to determine whether various aerobic exercise modes affect EPOC differently. The relationships between the intensity and duration of resistance exercise and the magnitude and duration of EPOC have not been determined, but a more prolonged and substantial EPOC has been found after hard- versus moderate-resistance exercise. Thus, the intensity of resistance exercise seems to be of importance for EPOC. Lastly, training status and sex may also potentially influence EPOC magnitude, but this may be problematic to determine. Still, it appears that trained individuals have a more rapid return of post-exercise metabolism to resting levels after exercising at either the same relative or absolute work rate; however, studies after more strenuous exercise bouts are needed. It is not determined if there is a sex effect on EPOC. Finally, while some of the mechanisms underlying the more rapid EPOC are well known (replenishment of oxygen stores, adenosine triphosphate/creatine phosphate resynthesis, lactate removal, and increased body temperature, circulation and ventilation), less is known about the mechanisms underlying the prolonged EPOC component. A sustained increased circulation, ventilation and body temperature may contribute, but the cost of this is low. An increased rate of triglyceride/fatty acid cycling and a shift from carbohydrate to fat as substrate source are of importance for the prolonged EPOC component after exhaustive aerobic exercise. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying EPOC after resistance exercise.
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Adriaens MPE, Schoffelen PFM, Westerterp KR. Intra-individual variation of basal metabolic rate and the influence of daily habitual physical activity before testing. Br J Nutr 2003; 90:419-23. [PMID: 12908903 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2003895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study determined the intra-individual variation of BMR measurements, using a standard out-patient protocol, with the subjects transporting themselves to the laboratory for the BMR measurements after spending the night at home. The effect of a non-fasting state and variation in daily habitual physical activity the day before testing was evaluated. Eight male and eleven female subjects participated in three BMR measurements with 2-week intervals. Physical activity was estimated with a tri-axial accelerometer for movement registration, during the 3 d before each BMR measurement. There were no significant differences in estimated BMR (ANOVA repeated measures, P=0.88) and in physical activity (ANOVA repeated measures, P=0.21). Mean within-subject CV in BMR was found to be 3.3 (SD 2.1) %, ranging from 0.4 to 7.2 %. Differences between BMR measurements could not be explained by differences in physical activity the day before; however the mean within-subject CV in BMR changed from 5.7 to 5.2 % after correcting for within-machine variability and from 5.2 to 3.3 % after excluding five measurements because of non-compliance to the protocol including fasting. In conclusion, BMR values measured with a standard out-patient protocol are sufficiently reproducible for most practical purposes despite the within-subject variability in physical activity the day before the measurement. For this purpose, however, non-fasting subjects must be excluded and a regular function check of the ventilated-hood system is recommendable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam P E Adriaens
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Treuth MS, Butte NF, Herrick R. Skeletal muscle energetics assessed by (31)P-NMR in prepubertal girls with a familial predisposition to obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2001; 25:1300-8. [PMID: 11571591 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2000] [Revised: 01/17/2001] [Accepted: 02/06/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether skeletal muscle energetics, measured by in vivo (31)P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy during plantar flexion exercise, differ between multiethnic, prepubertal girls with or without a predisposition to obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS Girls (mean age and body fat+/-s.d.=8.6+/-0.3 y and 22.6+/-4.2%) were recruited according to parental leanness or obesity defined as follows: LN (n=22), two lean parents, LNOB (n=18), one lean and one obese parent; and OB (n=15), two obese parents. MEASUREMENTS A 3 min, rest-exercise-recovery plantar flexion protocol was completed. Work was calculated from the force data. Spectra were analyzed for inorganic intracellular phosphate (P(i)), phosphocreatine (PCr), P(i)/PCr (ratio of the low and high energy phosphates indicating the bioenergetic state of the cell), intracellular pH, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine calf muscle volume. RESULTS BMI was lower in the girls in the LN group (15.9+/-1.5 kg/m(2)) compared to the OB group (16.7+/-1.3 kg/m(2)) of girls (P<0.05), with no difference with the LNOB group (16.7+/-1.9 kg/m(2)). Adjusted for muscle volume and cumulative work, no differences in P(i), PCr, P(i)/PCr, pH, or ATP were observed among the LN, LNOB and OB groups at rest, the end of exercise, and after 60 and 300 s of recovery. From rest to the end of exercise, P(i) and P(i)/PCr (mean+/-s.d.: 0.2+/-0.1 vs 1.5+/-1.0) increased, whereas PCr and pH (7.04+/-0.06 vs 6.95+/-0.10) decreased (all P<0.001). By 60 s of recovery, P(i) and P(i)/PCr decreased, whereas PCr and pH increased (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Skeletal muscle energetics, specifically P(i)/PCr and pH measured during plantar flexion exercise, do not differ between prepubertal girls with or without a familial predisposition to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Treuth
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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20
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Shephard RJ. Absolute versus relative intensity of physical activity in a dose-response context. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33:S400-18; discussion S419-20. [PMID: 11427764 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200106001-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the importance of relative versus absolute intensities of physical activity in the context of population health. METHODS A standard computer-search of the literature was supplemented by review of extensive personal files. RESULTS Consensus reports (Category D Evidence) have commonly recommended moderate rather than hard physical activity in the context of population health. Much of the available literature provides Category C Evidence. It has often confounded issues of relative intensity with absolute intensity or total weekly dose of exercise. In terms of cardiovascular health, there is some evidence for a threshold intensity of effort, perhaps as high as 6 METs, in addition to a minimum volume of physical activity. Decreases in blood pressure and prevention of stroke seem best achieved by moderate rather than high relative intensities of physical activity. Many aspects of metabolic health depend on the total volume of activity; moderate relative intensities of effort are more effective in mobilizing body fat, but harder relative intensities may help to increase energy expenditures postexercise. Hard relative intensities seem needed to augment bone density, but this may reflect an associated increase in volume of activity. Hard relative intensities of exercise induce a transient immunosuppression. The optimal intensity of effort, relative or absolute, for protection against various types of cancer remains unresolved. Acute effects of exercise on mood state also require further study; long-term benefits seem associated with a moderate rather than a hard relative intensity of effort. CONCLUSIONS The importance of relative versus absolute intensity of effort depends on the desired health outcome, and many issues remain to be resolved. Progress will depend on more precise epidemiological methods of assessing energy expenditures and studies that equate total energy expenditures between differing relative intensities. There is a need to focus on gains in quality-adjusted life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Shephard
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CANADA.
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Schrauwen P, Westerterp KR. The role of high-fat diets and physical activity in the regulation of body weight. Br J Nutr 2000; 84:417-27. [PMID: 11103212 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114500001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing in westernized societies. In the USA the age-adjusted prevalence of BMI > 30 kg/m2 increased between 1960 and 1994 from 13% to 23% for people over 20 years of age. This increase in the prevalence of obesity has been attributed to an increased fat intake and a decreased physical activity. However, the role of the impact of the level of dietary fat intake on human obesity has been challenged. High-fat diets, due to their high energy density, stimulate voluntary energy intake. An increased fat intake does not stimulate its own oxidation but the fat is stored in the human body. When diet composition is isoenergetically switched from low to high fat, fat oxidation only slowly increases, resulting in positive fat balances on the short term. Together with a diminished fat oxidation capacity in pre-obese subjects, high-fat diets can therefore be considered to be fattening. Another environmental factor which could explain the increasing prevalence of obesity is a decrease in physical activity. The percentage of body fat is negatively associated with physical activity and exercise has pronounced effects on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. High-intensity exercise, due to a lowering of glycogen stores, can lead to a rapid increase in fat oxidation, which could compensate for the consumption of high-fat diets in westernized societies. Although the consumption of high-fat diets and low physical activity will easily lead to the development of obesity, there is still considerable inter-individual variability in body composition in individuals on similar diets. This can be attributed to the genetic background, and some candidate genes have been discovered recently. Both leptin and uncoupling protein have been suggested to play a role in the prevention of diet-induced obesity. Indeed, leptin levels are increased on a high-fat diet but this effect can be attributed to the increased fat mass observed on the high-fat diet. No effect of a high-fat diet per se on leptin levels is observed. Uncoupling proteins are increased by high-fat diets in rats but no data are available in human subjects yet. In conclusion, the increased intake of dietary fat and a decreasing physical activity level are the most important environmental factors explaining the increased prevalence of obesity in westernized societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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Laforgia J, Withers RT, Shipp NJ, Gore CJ. Comparison of energy expenditure elevations after submaximal and supramaximal running. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1997; 82:661-6. [PMID: 9049750 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1997.82.2.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although exercise intensity has been identified as a major determinant of the excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), no studies have compared the EPOC after submaximal continuous running and supramaximal interval running. Eight male middle-distance runners [age = 2.1 +/- 3.1 (SD) yr; mass = 67.8 +/- 5.1 kg; maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) = 69.2 +/- 4.0 ml.kg-1.min-1] therefore completed two equated treatments of treadmill running (continuous running: 30 min at 70% VO2max; interval running: 20 x 1-min intervals at 105% VO2max with intervening 2-min rest periods) and a control session (no exercise) in a counter-balanced research design. The 9-h EPOC values were 6.9 +/- 3.8 and 15.0 +/- 3.3 liters (t-test:P = 0.001) for the submaximal and supramaximal treatments, respectively. These values represent 7.1 and 13.8% of the net total oxygen cost of both treatments. Notwithstanding the higher EPOC for supramaximal interval running compared with submaximal continuous running, the major contribution of both to weight loss is therefore via the energy expended during the actual exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laforgia
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Education, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Treuth MS, Hunter GR, Williams M. Effects of exercise intensity on 24-h energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28:1138-43. [PMID: 8883001 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199609000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine: 1) the reliability of 24-h respiratory calorimetry measurements, and 2) the effects of low- versus high-intensity exercise on energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation over a 24-h period. Eight women (age 28 +/- 4.3 yr) were measured for body composition, maximal oxygen consumption while cycling, and EE in three, 24-h calorimeter tests, with identical work output but differing intensity during a 60-min exercise session. Low-intensity (LI) exercise involved continuous cycling at 50% VO2max; whereas high-intensity (HI) exercise involved interval cycling (2 min exercise/recovery) at 100% VO2max. Subjects were randomly assigned to the first two tests at LI or HI, with the third test at the alternate intensity. No differences in EE or respiratory quotient (RQ) during rest, sleep, exercise, or over the 24 h were found between the first two tests (C.V. = 6.0%), demonstrating the reliability of the measurements. The HI protocol elicited significantly higher EE than LI during rest, exercise, and over 24 h, whereas sleeping EE approached significance. No significant differences in RQ during rest, sleep, or over 24 h were found, but 24-h lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were similar in the two protocols. The HI exercise RQ was significantly higher than LI. These findings demonstrated higher 24-h EE in the HI than LI protocol, but similar 24-h substrate oxidation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Treuth
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Pacy PJ, Cox M, Khalouha M, Elkins S, Robinson AC, Garrow JS. Does moderate aerobic activity have a stimulatory effect on 24 h resting energy expenditure: a direct calorimeter study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1996; 47:299-305. [PMID: 8844251 DOI: 10.3109/09637489609041029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to establish whether moderate aerobic exercise (2 h at 30-35% VO2 max) in lean non-athletic male adults had a prolonged stimulatory effect on energy expenditure while at rest. Four weight maintaining male adults had their 24 h energy expenditure measured by direct calorimetry on four separate occasions. During the 24 h in the calorimeter each subject received a diet which in total supplied 35 kcal (146 kJ) per kg body weight. All studies in an individual were completed within four to six weeks during which time body weight remained stable. On two of these 24 h periods, individuals rested throughout while on the other two, they also performed the prescribed exercise. This consisted of cycling for two 1 h sessions; the first while they were fasting while the second period was approximately 45 min after consuming a 800 kcal (3.4 MJ) meal. Total 24 h energy expenditure was greater on exercise (8.3 +/- 1.8 MJ/day) than non-exercising days (6.3 +/- 1.4 MJ/day, P < 0.001) In contrast when the acute effects of the cycling where removed 24 h resting energy expenditure on the exercise day (6.8 +/- 1.7 MJ/day) was not significantly different from that of rest days (95% confidence intervals of the difference ranged from -0.36 to 1.27 MJ/day). This study did not demonstrate a prolonged stimulatory influence on non-exercising resting energy expenditure following physical activity likely to be achieved by non-athletes. These data provide no evidence that such exercise is associated with a greater energy deficit than that due to the activity itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Pacy
- Unit of Metabolic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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Zelasko CJ. Exercise for weight loss: what are the facts? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 1995; 95:1414-7. [PMID: 7594144 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
When combined with other lifestyle changes, exercise is important for the overall reduction of body weight and subsequent maintenance of weight loss. The perception about the role that exercise can play in energy expenditure has become exaggerated over time. This article focuses on three commonly held perceptions about exercise and weight loss: that exercise consumes a lot of energy, that "fat-burning" exercise is the most effective way to consume fat as a fuel, and that exercise will stimulate energy expenditure for hours after completing exercise. The pertinent literature is reviewed to illustrate that although exercise does increase energy output during and after exercise and can expend energy from fat for many overweight persons, excessive caloric expenditure has limited implications for substantially reducing body weight independent of nutritional modifications. This article includes recommendations for practicing dietitians and nutritionists to assist clients in initiating and maintaining an exercise program by considering clients' emotional and physical states regarding their excess weight when prescribing exercise, and by using intermittent exercise in an exercise prescription for very deconditioned clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Zelasko
- Human Performance Laboratory, Buffalo State College, NY 14222-1095, USA
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