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Sumalan RL, Croitor L, Petric M, Radulov I, Bourosh P, Sumalan RM, Crisan M. p-Aminobenzoate Organic Salts as Potential Plant Growth Regulators for Tomatoes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071635. [PMID: 32252303 PMCID: PMC7180871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of environmentally friendly and inexpensive plant growth regulators (PGRs) for agronomically important crops is a necessity and must be considered a priority worldwide. This study provides the synthesis, structure determination and the biological evaluation of two binary organic salts as potential PGRs. New compounds have dual biological activity and are based on natural metabolite p-aminobenzoic acid (pABAH) and different alkanolamines. Studied compounds exhibit hydrogen-bonded 3D supramolecular architectures with different crystal packing due to the formation of one homosynthon and various heterosynthons. The biological profile of new compounds was investigated in laboratory and greenhouse on Solanum lycopersicum L., revealing the efficiency in promoting plant rooting and plant productivity. The results may have a positive impact on agricultural economics, developing new sustainable PGRs for tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu-Liviu Sumalan
- Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Banat′s University of Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael Ist of Romania” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului nr 119, 300645, Timisoara, Romania; (R.-L.S.); (I.R.); (R.-M.S.)
| | - Lilia Croitor
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, 24 Mihai Viteazul Blvd., 300223, Timisoara, Romania; (L.C.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Applied Physics, Academiei Street 5, MD2028, Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Mihaela Petric
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, 24 Mihai Viteazul Blvd., 300223, Timisoara, Romania; (L.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Banat′s University of Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael Ist of Romania” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului nr 119, 300645, Timisoara, Romania; (R.-L.S.); (I.R.); (R.-M.S.)
| | - Paulina Bourosh
- Institute of Applied Physics, Academiei Street 5, MD2028, Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Renata-Maria Sumalan
- Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Banat′s University of Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael Ist of Romania” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului nr 119, 300645, Timisoara, Romania; (R.-L.S.); (I.R.); (R.-M.S.)
| | - Manuela Crisan
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, 24 Mihai Viteazul Blvd., 300223, Timisoara, Romania; (L.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-256-491818
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Ren H, Xu Z, Zhang W, Jiang L, Huang J, Chen S, Wang L, Han X. Linking ethylene to nitrogen-dependent leaf longevity of grass species in a temperate steppe. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:1879-1885. [PMID: 24136876 PMCID: PMC3838550 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leaf longevity is an important plant functional trait that often varies with soil nitrogen supply. Ethylene is a classical plant hormone involved in the control of senescence and abscission, but its role in nitrogen-dependent leaf longevity is largely unknown. METHODS Pot and field experiments were performed to examine the effects of nitrogen addition on leaf longevity and ethylene production in two dominant plant species, Agropyron cristatum and Stipa krylovii, in a temperate steppe in northern China. KEY RESULTS Nitrogen addition increased leaf ethylene production and nitrogen concentration but shortened leaf longevity; the addition of cobalt chloride, an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, reduced leaf nitrogen concentration and increased leaf longevity. Path analysis indicated that nitrogen addition reduced leaf longevity mainly through altering leaf ethylene production. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first experimental evidence in support of the involvement of ethylene in nitrogen-induced decrease in leaf longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhuwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jianhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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Hirose T, Oikawa S. Mean residence time of leaf number, area, mass, and nitrogen in canopy photosynthesis. Oecologia 2012; 169:927-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bubier JL, Smith R, Juutinen S, Moore TR, Minocha R, Long S, Minocha S. Effects of nutrient addition on leaf chemistry, morphology, and photosynthetic capacity of three bog shrubs. Oecologia 2011; 167:355-68. [PMID: 21544572 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants in nutrient-poor environments typically have low foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations, long-lived tissues with leaf traits designed to use nutrients efficiently, and low rates of photosynthesis. We postulated that increasing N availability due to atmospheric deposition would increase photosynthetic capacity, foliar N, and specific leaf area (SLA) of bog shrubs. We measured photosynthesis, foliar chemistry and leaf morphology in three ericaceous shrubs (Vaccinium myrtilloides, Ledum groenlandicum and Chamaedaphne calyculata) in a long-term fertilization experiment at Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, Canada, with a background deposition of 0.8 g N m(-2) a(-1). While biomass and chlorophyll concentrations increased in the highest nutrient treatment for C. calyculata, we found no change in the rates of light-saturated photosynthesis (A(max)), carboxylation (V(cmax)), or SLA with nutrient (N with and without PK) addition, with the exception of a weak positive correlation between foliar N and A(max) for C. calyculata, and higher V(cmax) in L. groenlandicum with low nutrient addition. We found negative correlations between photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) and foliar N, accompanied by a species-specific increase in one or more amino acids, which may be a sign of excess N availability and/or a mechanism to reduce ammonium (NH(4)) toxicity. We also observed a decrease in foliar soluble Ca and Mg concentrations, essential minerals for plant growth, but no change in polyamines, indicators of physiological stress under conditions of high N accumulation. These results suggest that plants adapted to low-nutrient environments do not shift their resource allocation to photosynthetic processes, even after reaching N sufficiency, but instead store the excess N in organic compounds for future use. In the long term, bog species may not be able to take advantage of elevated nutrients, resulting in them being replaced by species that are better adapted to a higher nutrient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Bubier
- Environmental Studies Program, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA.
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Ren H, Xu Z, Huang J, Clark C, Chen S, Han X. Nitrogen and water addition reduce leaf longevity of steppe species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 107:145-55. [PMID: 21084404 PMCID: PMC3002476 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes in supplies of resources will modify plant functional traits. However, few experimental studies have addressed the effects of nitrogen and water variations, either singly or in combination, on functional traits. METHODS A 2-year field experiment was conducted to test the effects of nitrogen and water addition on leaf longevity and other functional traits of the two dominant (Agropyron cristatum and Stipa krylovii) and three most common species (Cleistogenes squarrosa, Melilotoides ruthenica and Potentilla tanacetifolia) in a temperate steppe in northern China. KEY RESULTS Additional nitrogen and water increased leaf nitrogen content and net photosynthetic rate, and changed other measured functional traits. Leaf longevity decreased significantly with both nitrogen addition (-6 days in 2007 and -5·4 days in 2008; both P < 0·001) and watering (-13 days in 2007 and -9·9 days in 2008; both P < 0·001), and significant differences in leaf longevity were also found among species. Nitrogen and water interacted to affect leaf longevity and other functional traits. Soil water content explained approx. 70 % of the shifts in leaf longevity. Biomass at both species and community level increased under water and nitrogen addition because of the increase in leaf biomass production per individual plant. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that additional nitrogen and water supplies reduce plant leaf longevity. Soil water availability might play a fundamental role in determining leaf longevity and other leaf functional traits, and its effects can be modified by soil nitrogen availability in semi-arid areas. The different responses of species to resource alterations may cause different global change ramifications under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuwen Xu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Christopher Clark
- School of Life Sciences and Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287–4501, USA
| | - Shiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
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Hallik L, Niinemets Ü, Wright IJ. Are species shade and drought tolerance reflected in leaf-level structural and functional differentiation in Northern Hemisphere temperate woody flora? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 184:257-274. [PMID: 19674334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf-level determinants of species environmental stress tolerance are still poorly understood. Here, we explored dependencies of species shade (T(shade)) and drought (T(drought)) tolerance scores on key leaf structural and functional traits in 339 Northern Hemisphere temperate woody species. In general, T(shade) was positively associated with leaf life-span (L(L)), and negatively with leaf dry mass (M(A)), nitrogen content (N(A)), and photosynthetic capacity (A(A)) per area, while opposite relationships were observed with drought tolerance. Different trait combinations responsible for T(shade) and T(drought) were observed among the key plant functional types: deciduous and evergreen broadleaves and evergreen conifers. According to principal component analysis, resource-conserving species with low N content and photosynthetic capacity, and high L(L) and M(A), had higher T(drought), consistent with the general stress tolerance strategy, whereas variation in T(shade) did not concur with the postulated stress tolerance strategy. As drought and shade often interact in natural communities, reverse effects of foliar traits on these key environmental stress tolerances demonstrate that species niche differentiation is inherently constrained in temperate woody species. Different combinations of traits among key plant functional types further explain the contrasting bivariate correlations often observed in studies seeking functional explanation of variation in species environmental tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hallik
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu EE-51014, Estonia
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu EE-51014, Estonia
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
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Nitrogen supply effects on leaf dynamics and nutrient input into the soil of plant species in a sub-arctic tundra ecosystem. Polar Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-008-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oikawa S, Hikosaka K, Hirose T. Leaf lifespan and lifetime carbon balance of individual leaves in a stand of an annual herb, Xanthium canadense. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2006; 172:104-16. [PMID: 16945093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Leaf lifespan in response to resource availability has been documented in many studies, but it still remains uncertain what determines the timing of leaf shedding. Here, we evaluate the lifetime carbon (C) balance of a leaf in a canopy as influenced by nitrogen (N) availability. Stands of Xanthium canadense were established with high-nitrogen (HN) and low-nitrogen (LN) treatments and temporal changes of C gain of individual leaves were investigated with a canopy photosynthesis model. Daily C gain of a leaf was maximal early in its development and subsequently declined. Daily C gain at shedding was nearly zero in HN, while it was still positive in LN. Sensitivity analyses showed that the decline in the daily C gain resulted primarily from the reduction in light level in HN and by the reduction in leaf N in LN. Smaller leaf size in LN than in HN led to higher light levels in the canopy, which helped leaves of the LN stand maintain for a longer period. These results suggest that the mechanism by which leaf lifespan is determined changes depending on the availability of the resource that is most limiting to plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Oikawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Boelman NT, Stieglitz M, Griffin KL, Shaver GR. Inter-annual variability of NDVI in response to long-term warming and fertilization in wet sedge and tussock tundra. Oecologia 2005; 143:588-97. [PMID: 15812655 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and aboveground plant biomass for tussock tundra vegetation and compares it to a previously established NDVI-biomass relationship for wet sedge tundra vegetation. In addition, we explore inter-annual variation in NDVI in both these contrasting vegetation communities. All measurements were taken across long-term experimental treatments in wet sedge and tussock tundra communities at the Toolik Lake Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site, in northern Alaska. Over 15 years (for wet sedge tundra) and 14 years (for tussock tundra), N and P were applied in factorial experiments (N, P and N+P), air temperature was increased using greenhouses with and without N+P fertilizer, and light intensity was reduced by 50% using shade cloth. during the peak growing seasons of 2001, 2002, and 2003, NDVI measurements were made in both the wet sedge and tussock tundra experimental treatment plots, creating a 3-year time series of inter-annual variation in NDVI. We found that: (1) across all tussock experimental tundra treatments, NDVI is correlated with aboveground plant biomass (r2 = 0.59); (2) NDVI-biomass relationships for tussock and wet sedge tundra communities are community specific, and; (3) NDVI values for tussock tundra communities are typically, but not always, greater than for wet sedge tundra communities across all experimental treatments. We suggest that differences between the response of wet sedge and tussock tundra communities in the same experimental treatments result from the contrasting degree of heterogeneity in species and functional types that characterize each of these Arctic tundra vegetation communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Boelman
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
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Oikawa S, Hikosaka K, Hirose T. Dynamics of leaf area and nitrogen in the canopy of an annual herb, Xanthium canadense. Oecologia 2005; 143:517-26. [PMID: 15791424 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied leaf area and nitrogen dynamics in the canopy of stands of an annual herb Xanthium canadense, grown at a high (HN)- and a low-nitorgen (LN) availability. Standing leaf area increased continuously through the vegetative growth period in the LN stand, or leveled off in the later stage in the HN stand. When scaled against standing leaf area, both production and loss rates of leaf area increased but with different patterns: the production rate was retarded, while the loss rate was accelerated, implying an upper limit of standing leaf area of the canopy. The rate of leaf-area production was higher in the HN than in the LN stand, which was caused by the higher rate of leaf production per standing leaf area as well as the greater standing leaf area in the HN stand. Although the rate of leaf-area loss was higher in the HN than in the LN stand, it was not significantly different between the two stands when compared at a common standing leaf area, suggesting involvement of light climate in determination of the leaf-loss rate. On the other hand, the rate of leaf-area loss was positively correlated with nitrogen demand for leaf area development across the two stands, suggesting that leaf loss was caused by retranslocation of nitrogen for construction of new leaves. A simple simulation model of leaf and nitrogen dynamics in the canopy showed that, at steady state, where the rate of leaf-area loss becomes equal to the production rate, the standing leaf area was still greater in the HN than in the LN stand. Similarly, when the uptake and loss of nitrogen are equilibrated, the standing nitrogen was greater in the HN than in the LN stand. These results suggest that leaf-area production is strongly controlled by nitrogen availability, while both nitrogen and light climate determine leaf-loss rates in the canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Oikawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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Shaver GR, Bret-Harte MS, Jones MH, Johnstone J, Gough L, Laundre J, Chapin FS. SPECIES COMPOSITION INTERACTS WITH FERTILIZER TO CONTROL LONG-TERM CHANGE IN TUNDRA PRODUCTIVITY. Ecology 2001. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3163:sciwft]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Reich PB, Peterson DW, Wedin DA, Wrage K. FIRE AND VEGETATION EFFECTS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND NITROGEN CYCLING ACROSS A FOREST–GRASSLAND CONTINUUM. Ecology 2001. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1703:faveop]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Graham SA, Turkington R. Population dynamics response of Lupinus arcticus to fertilization, clipping, and neighbour removal in the understory of the boreal forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/b00-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A demographic study was conducted on field populations of Lupinus arcticus S. Wats. growing in the understory of a white spruce dominated forest, near Kluane Lake, Yukon. The relative effects of soil fertility level, neighbours, and herbivory were assessed using a factorial experiment of ± fertilizer (N-P-K), ± neighbour removal, and ± clipping. We monitored the dynamics of leaves and collected data on reproduction, survival, and size for two growing seasons. Fertilizing increased the incidence of disease on leaves and reduced reproductive efficiency. Clipping reduced leaf cohort survivorship, total leaf density, and the incidence of disease on leaves. Removing neighbours increased the percent cover of L. arcticus and decreased total leaf mortality. Treatments had no effect on the survival of leaves in early cohorts. Although there were some significant responses to treatments, the overall tendency was a lack of response, especially pertaining to leaf population dynamics. This low response to the treatments imposed is consistent with the argument that plants growing in low productivity, infrequently disturbed habitats should show little response to short-term changes in local environmental conditions. The results are also consistent with suggestions that plants in moderately stressed habitats should be more adapted to withstand grazing than competition.Key words: boreal forest, competition, demography, fertilization, population dynamics, Lupinus arcticus.
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Aerts R, Chapin F. The Mineral Nutrition of Wild Plants Revisited: A Re-evaluation of Processes and Patterns. ADV ECOL RES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1207] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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16
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Kudo G. Leaf traits and shoot performance of an evergreen shrub, Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens, in accordance with latitudinal change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/b95-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Individual leaf traits, leaf age structure, and leaf dry mass of Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens were compared at three sites along a latitudinal gradient: temperate mountain (43°30′N), taiga (62°10′N), and arctic tundra (71°25′N). At the arctic site, L. palustre produced leaves having longer life-span, higher nitrogen concentration, and smaller size and specific leaf area (SLA) in comparison with that at the temperate mountain site. Although current leaf number and annual shoot growth were smaller, leaf dry mass per stem was larger at the arctic site than at the temperate mountain site. At the taiga site, those traits were within the range of the other two sites, with the exception of leaf size and total leaf number per stem, which were largest at the taiga site. Leaf life-span was negatively correlated to SLA and annual leaf number per stem and positively correlated to leaf nitrogen concentration. Thus, with increasing latitude, L. palustre produced fewer but more costly leaves and retained them for longer. Old leaves might have a resource storage function supporting new leaf production. Key words: latitude, leaf life-span, Ledum palustre, nitrogen, specific leaf area.
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17
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Interspecific and intraspecific differences in shoot and leaf lifespan of four Carex species which differ in maximum dry matter production. Oecologia 1995; 102:467-477. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00341359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/1994] [Accepted: 01/14/1995] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Lajtha K, Getz J. Photosynthesis and water-use efficiency in pinyon-juniper communities along an elevation gradient in northern New Mexico. Oecologia 1993; 94:95-101. [PMID: 28313865 DOI: 10.1007/bf00317308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/1992] [Accepted: 11/02/1992] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated plant ecophysiological response to fertilization of selected sites along an elevation gradient in a pinyon-juniper woodland. Plant density and species composition followed typical patterns for pinyon-juniper woodlands over this gradient, with a sparse juniper (Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.)-grassland community at the lowest elevation and gradually increasing total canopy cover and pinyon (Pinus edulis Engelm.) cover with elevation. Carbon isotope analysis showed that both tree species had higher water-use efficiency (WUE) at the lowest, and presumably driest, sites. Over most of the gradient, however, it appeared that changes in stand density compensated for changes in water availability. Contrary to initial hypotheses, the more drought-tolerant juniper did not demonstrate significantly greater WUE than pinyon, although it maintained positive carbon gain at lower predawn xylem pressure potentials than pinyon. In pinyon, both A max and WUE increased with increasing N concentration in tissues. Pinyon needles also demonstrated declining nitrogen-use efficiency with age. There was no relationship between tissue N and either A max or WUE measured at A max in juniper, although δ13C analysis indicated that WUE increased in juniper with increased N availability. Results from this study suggest that plasticity in plant physiological processes could result in nonlinear responses of organic matter production to climate change, and therefore must be accounted for in ecosystem models.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lajtha
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Getz
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Karlsson PS. Leaf longevity in evergreen shrubs: variation within and among European species. Oecologia 1992; 91:346-349. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00317622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/1992] [Accepted: 04/10/1992] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Leaf life spans in wild perennial herbaceous plants: a survey and attempts at a functional interpretation. Oecologia 1992; 89:10-16. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00319009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/1991] [Accepted: 08/02/1991] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Witkowski ETF, Lamont BB. Leaf specific mass confounds leaf density and thickness. Oecologia 1991; 88:486-493. [PMID: 28312617 DOI: 10.1007/bf00317710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/1990] [Accepted: 07/31/1991] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Biogeochemical Diversity and Element Transport in a Heterogeneous Landscape, the North Slope of Alaska. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4244-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Lajtha K, Whitford WG. The effect of water and nitrogen amendments on photosynthesis, leaf demography, and resource-use efficiency in Larrea tridentata, a desert evergreen shrub. Oecologia 1989; 80:341-348. [PMID: 28312061 DOI: 10.1007/bf00379035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/1988] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the Chihuahuan Desert of southern New Mexico, both water and nitrogen limit the primary productivity of Larrea tridentata, a xerophytic evergreen shrub. Net photosynthesis was positively correlated to leaf N, but only in plants that received supplemental water. Nutrient-use efficiency, defined as photosynthetic carbon gain per unit N invested in leaf tissue, declined with increasing leaf N. However, water-use efficiency, defined as the ratio of photosynthesis to transpiration, increased with increasing leaf N, and thus these two measures of resource-use efficiency were inversely correlated. Resorption efficiency was not significantly altered over the nutrient gradient, nor was it affected by irrigation treatments. Leaf longevity decreased significantly with fertilization although the absolute magnitude of this decrease was fairly small, in part due to a large background of insect-induced mortality. Age-specific gas exchange measurements support the hypothesis that leaf aging represents a redistribution of resources, rather than actual deterioration or declining resource-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lajtha
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter G Whitford
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, 88003, Las Cruces, NM, USA
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The effect of increased nutrient availability on leaf turnover and aboveground productivity of two evergreen ericaceous shrubs. Oecologia 1989; 78:115-120. [PMID: 28311910 DOI: 10.1007/bf00377206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/1988] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Leaf turnover and aboveground productivity in relation to nutrient availability were studied in the evergreen shrubs Erica tetralix and Calluna vulgaris. In monospecific stands of these species four levels of nutrient (NPK) availability were created during three growing seasons. Percentage survival and life expectancy of Erica leaves decreased with increasing nutrient availability. For Calluna there was no effect. Winter mortality of Erica leaves was smaller than growing season mortality. These was no difference for Calluna. The timing of leaf mortality of both species was not affected by nutrient treatment. At the end of the experimental period current year leaf biomass, total biomass and current year second year and third year biomass of both species showed a significant increase with increasing nutrient availability. The relative increase was greater for Calluna, except for second and third year biomass. Stem production and stem mortality of both species increased with increasing nutrient availability. The increased stem mortality resulted also for Calluna in an increased leaf turnover (per unit ground area) with increasing nutrient availability. Nutrient cycling in ecosystems dominated by these species will increase with increasing nutrient availability, because of increased leaf and stem turnover and productivity. This phenotypic effect is similar to the effect of the shift in dominance between different species which occurs along natural gradients of nutrient availability.
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26
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Chapin FS, Bloom AJ, Field CB, Waring RH. Plant Responses to Multiple Environmental Factors. Bioscience 1987. [DOI: 10.2307/1310177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 810] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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27
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