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McCully AL, Onyeziri MC, LaSarre B, Gliessman JR, McKinlay JB. Reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and reductive amino acid synthesis pathways contribute to electron balance in a Rhodospirillum rubrum Calvin-cycle mutant. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:199-211. [PMID: 31774392 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) use light for energy and organic substrates for carbon and electrons when growing photoheterotrophically. This lifestyle generates more reduced electron carriers than are required for biosynthesis, even during consumption of some of the most oxidized organic substrates like malate and fumarate. Reduced electron carriers not used in biosynthesis must still be oxidized for photoheterotrophic growth to occur. Diverse PNSB commonly rely on the CO2-fixing Calvin cycle to oxidize reduced electron carriers. Some PNSB also produce H2 or reduce terminal electron acceptors as alternatives to the Calvin cycle. Rhodospirillum rubrum Calvin-cycle mutants defy this trend by growing phototrophically on malate or fumarate without H2 production or access to terminal electron acceptors. We used 13C-tracer experiments to examine how a Rs. rubrum Calvin-cycle mutant maintains electron balance under such conditions. We detected the reversal of some tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, carrying reductive flux from malate or fumarate to αKG. This pathway and the reductive synthesis of αKG-derived amino acids are likely important for electron balance, as supplementing the growth medium with αKG-derived amino acids prevented Rs. rubrum Calvin-cycle-mutant growth unless a terminal electron acceptor was provided. Flux estimates also suggested that the Calvin-cycle mutant preferentially synthesized isoleucine using the reductive threonine-dependent pathway instead of the less-reductive citramalate-dependent pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that alternative biosynthetic pathways can contribute to electron balance within the constraints of a relatively constant biomass composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L McCully
- Present address: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Breah LaSarre
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - James B McKinlay
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Revelles O, Tarazona N, García JL, Prieto MA. Carbon roadmap from syngas to polyhydroxyalkanoates in Rhodospirillum rubrum. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:708-20. [PMID: 26472698 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gasification of organic waste materials to synthesis gas (syngas), followed by microbial fermentation, provides a significant resource for generating bioproducts such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The anaerobic photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum, is an organism particularly attractive for the bioconversion of syngas into PHAs. In this study, a quantitative physiological analysis of R. rubrum was carried out by implementing GC-MS and HPLC techniques to unravel the metabolic pathway operating during syngas fermentation that leads to PHA production. Further, detailed investigations of the central carbon metabolites using (13) C-labelled substrate showed significant CO2 assimilation (of 40%) into cell material and PHA from syngas carbon fraction. By a combination of quantitative gene expression and enzyme activity analyses, the main role of carboxylases from the central carbon metabolism in CO2 assimilation was shown, where the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (CBB) played a minor role. This knowledge sheds light about the biochemical pathways that contribute to synthesis of PHA during syngas fermentation being valuable information to further optimize the fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Revelles
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Tarazona
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J L García
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Prieto
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Hädicke O, Grammel H, Klamt S. Metabolic network modeling of redox balancing and biohydrogen production in purple nonsulfur bacteria. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:150. [PMID: 21943387 PMCID: PMC3203349 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) are facultative photosynthetic bacteria and exhibit an extremely versatile metabolism. A central focus of research on PNSB dealt with the elucidation of mechanisms by which they manage to balance cellular redox under diverse conditions, in particular under photoheterotrophic growth. Results Given the complexity of the central metabolism of PNSB, metabolic modeling becomes crucial for an integrated analysis of the accumulated biological knowledge. We reconstructed a stoichiometric model capturing the central metabolism of three important representatives of PNSB (Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas palustris). Using flux variability analysis, the model reveals key metabolic constraints related to redox homeostasis in these bacteria. With the help of the model we can (i) give quantitative explanations for non-intuitive, partially species-specific phenomena of photoheterotrophic growth of PNSB, (ii) reproduce various quantitative experimental data, and (iii) formulate several new hypotheses. For example, model analysis of photoheterotrophic growth reveals that - despite a large number of utilizable catabolic pathways - substrate-specific biomass and CO2 yields are fixed constraints, irrespective of the assumption of optimal growth. Furthermore, our model explains quantitatively why a CO2 fixing pathway such as the Calvin cycle is required by PNSB for many substrates (even if CO2 is released). We also analyze the role of other pathways potentially involved in redox metabolism and how they affect quantitatively the required capacity of the Calvin cycle. Our model also enables us to discriminate between different acetate assimilation pathways that were proposed recently for R. sphaeroides and R. rubrum, both lacking the isocitrate lyase. Finally, we demonstrate the value of the metabolic model also for potential biotechnological applications: we examine the theoretical capabilities of PNSB for photoheterotrophic hydrogen production and identify suitable genetic interventions to increase the hydrogen yield. Conclusions Taken together, the metabolic model (i) explains various redox-related phenomena of the versatile metabolism of PNSB, (ii) delivers new hypotheses on the operation and relevance of several metabolic pathways, and (iii) holds significant potential as a tool for rational metabolic engineering of PNSB in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hädicke
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Teixeira PF, Selao TT, Henriksson V, Wang H, Norén A, Nordlund S. Diazotrophic growth of Rhodospirillum rubrum with 2-oxoglutarate as sole carbon source affects regulation of nitrogen metabolism as well as the soluble proteome. Res Microbiol 2010; 161:651-9. [PMID: 20600859 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate plays a central role as a signal in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism in the phototrophic diazotroph Rhodospirillum rubrum. In order to further study the role of this metabolite, we have constructed an R. rubrum strain that has the capacity to grow on 2-oxoglutarate as sole carbon source, in contrast to wild-type R. rubrum. This strain has the same growth characteristics as wild-type with malate as carbon source, but showed clear metabolic differences when 2-oxoglutarate was used. Among other things, the regulation of nitrogen metabolism is altered, which can be related to different modification profiles of the regulatory PII proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Filipe Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Selao TT, Nordlund S, Norén A. Comparative Proteomic Studies in Rhodospirillum rubrum Grown under Different Nitrogen Conditions. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:3267-75. [DOI: 10.1021/pr700771u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago T. Selao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Sweden
| | - Stefan Nordlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Sweden
| | - Agneta Norén
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Sweden
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6
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Preiss J. Regulation of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 46:317-81. [PMID: 345767 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122914.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Buchanan BB, Arnon DI. Ferredoxins: chemistry and function in photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and fermentative metabolism. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 33:119-76. [PMID: 4393906 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122785.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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8
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Hu Y, Holden JF. Citric acid cycle in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum islandicum grown autotrophically, heterotrophically, and mixotrophically with acetate. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:4350-5. [PMID: 16740941 PMCID: PMC1482950 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00138-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum islandicum uses the citric acid cycle in the oxidative and reductive directions for heterotrophic and autotrophic growth, respectively, but the control of carbon flow is poorly understood. P. islandicum was grown at 95 degrees C autotrophically, heterotrophically, and mixotrophically with acetate, H2, and small amounts of yeast extract and with thiosulfate as the terminal electron acceptor. The autotrophic growth rates and maximum concentrations of cells were significantly lower than those in other media. The growth rates on H2 and 0.001% yeast extract with and without 0.05% acetate were the same, but the maximum concentration of cells was fourfold higher with acetate. There was no growth with acetate if 0.001% yeast extract was not present, and addition of H2 to acetate-containing medium greatly increased the growth rates and maximum concentrations of cells. P. islandicum cultures assimilated 14C-labeled acetate in the presence of H2 and yeast extract with an efficiency of 55%. The activities of 11 of 19 enzymes involved in the central metabolism of P. islandicum were regulated under the three different growth conditions. Pyruvate synthase and acetate:coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (ADP-forming) activities were detected only in heterotrophically grown cultures. Citrate synthase activity decreased in autotrophic and acetate-containing cultures compared to the activity in heterotrophic cultures. Acetylated citrate lyase, acetate:CoA ligase (AMP forming), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities increased in autotrophic and acetate-containing cultures. Citrate lyase activity was higher than ATP citrate synthase activity in autotrophic cultures. These data suggest that citrate lyase and AMP-forming acetate:CoA ligase, but not ATP citrate synthase, work opposite citrate synthase to control the direction of carbon flow in the citric acid cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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9
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Edgren T, Nordlund S. Electron transport to nitrogenase in Rhodospirillum rubrum: identification of a new fdxN gene encoding the primary electron donor to nitrogenase. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 245:345-51. [PMID: 15837392 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Revised: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In our efforts to determine the components participating in the electron transport to nitrogenase in Rhodospirillum rubrum, we have identified a gene encoding a new ferredoxin. We have generated mutants in both the new ferredoxin and ferredoxin I and demonstrate that the new ferredoxin, FdN and not the previously identified FdI is the main donor of electrons to nitrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Edgren
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Edgren T, Nordlund S. The fixABCX genes in Rhodospirillum rubrum encode a putative membrane complex participating in electron transfer to nitrogenase. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:2052-60. [PMID: 15028689 PMCID: PMC374401 DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.7.2052-2060.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In our efforts to identify the components participating in electron transport to nitrogenase in Rhodospirillum rubrum, we used mini-Tn5 mutagenesis followed by metronidazole selection. One of the mutants isolated, SNT-1, exhibited a decreased growth rate and about 25% of the in vivo nitrogenase activity compared to the wild-type values. The in vitro nitrogenase activity was essentially wild type, indicating that the mutation affects electron transport to nitrogenase. Sequencing showed that the Tn5 insertion is located in a region with a high level of similarity to fixC, and extended sequencing revealed additional putative fix genes, in the order fixABCX. Complementation of SNT-1 with the whole fix gene cluster in trans restored wild-type nitrogenase activity and growth. Using Western blotting, we demonstrated that expression of fixA and fixB occurs only under conditions under which nitrogenase also is expressed. SNT-1 was further shown to produce larger amounts of both ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and polyhydroxy alkanoates than the wild type, indicating that the redox status is affected in this mutant. Using Western blotting, we found that FixA and FixB are soluble proteins, whereas FixC most likely is a transmembrane protein. We propose that the fixABCX genes encode a membrane protein complex that plays a central role in electron transfer to nitrogenase in R. rubrum. Furthermore, we suggest that FixC is the link between nitrogen fixation and the proton motive force generated in the photosynthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Edgren
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Klamt S, Schuster S, Gilles ED. Calculability analysis in underdetermined metabolic networks illustrated by a model of the central metabolism in purple nonsulfur bacteria. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 77:734-51. [PMID: 11835134 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite balancing has turned out to be a powerful computational tool in metabolic engineering. However, the linear equation systems occurring in this analysis are often underdetermined. If it is difficult or impossible to find the missing constraints, it is nevertheless feasible in some cases to determine the values of a subset of the unknown rates. Here, a procedure for finding out which reaction rates can be uniquely calculated in underdetermined metabolic networks and computing these rates is given. The method is based on the null space to the stoichiometry matrix corresponding to the reactions with unknown rates. It is shown that this method is considerably easier to handle than an algorithm given previously (Van der Heijden et al., 1994a). Furthermore, a useful elementary representation of the null space is presented which is closely related with the elementary flux modes. This unique representation is central to a more general approach to observability/calculability analysis. In particular, it allows one to find, in an easy way, those sets of measurable rates that enable a calculation of a certain unknown rate. Besides, rates which are never calculable by metabolite balancing may be easily detected by this method. The applicability of these methods is illustrated by a model of the central metabolism in purple nonsulfur bacteria. The photoheterotrophic growth of these representatives of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria is stoichiometrically analyzed. Interesting metabolic constraints caused by the necessary balancing of NADPH can be detected in a highly underdetermined system. This is, to our knowledge, the first application of stoichiometric analysis to the metabolic network in this bacteria group using metabolite balancing techniques. A new software tool, the FluxAnalyzer, is introduced. It allows quantitative and structural analysis of metabolic networks in a graphical user interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Klamt
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrassse 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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12
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Puskás LG, Inui M, Zahn K, Yukawa H. A periplasmic, alpha-type carbonic anhydrase from Rhodopseudomonas palustris is essential for bicarbonate uptake. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2000; 146 ( Pt 11):2957-2966. [PMID: 11065374 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-146-11-2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intact cells of the purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris growing anaerobically, but not aerobically, contain carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity. The native enzyme was purified >2000-fold to apparent homogeneity and found to be a dimer with an estimated molecular mass of 54 kDa and a subunit molecular mass of 27 kDa. The CA gene (acaP) was cloned and its sequence revealed that it was homologous to alpha-type CAs. The upstream region of acaP was fused to the lacZ gene and beta-galactosidase activity was measured under different growth conditions. Acetazolamide inhibited purified CA with an IC(50) in the range of 10(-8) M, and in the culture media concentrations as low as 30 microM inhibited phototrophic growth under anaerobic, light conditions when bicarbonate was used. An acaP::KAN:(r) mutant strain was constructed by insertion of a kanamycin-resistance cassette and showed a growth pattern similar to wild-type cells grown in the presence of CA inhibitor. CO(2) gas supplied as an inorganic carbon source reversed the effect of mutation or acetazolamide. CA activity measurements, fusion and Western blot experiments confirmed that CA is expressed under different anaerobic conditions independently of bicarbonate or CO(2) and that there is no expression under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- László G Puskás
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), 9-2 Kizugawadai, Kizu, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan1
| | - Masayuki Inui
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), 9-2 Kizugawadai, Kizu, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan1
| | - Kenneth Zahn
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), 9-2 Kizugawadai, Kizu, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan1
| | - Hideaki Yukawa
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), 9-2 Kizugawadai, Kizu, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan1
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13
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Buchanan BB, Tagawa K. Perspective on Daniel I. Arnon's contributions to research, 1960-1994. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1995; 46:27-35. [PMID: 24301564 DOI: 10.1007/bf00020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/1995] [Accepted: 07/13/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B B Buchanan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, 94720-3102, Berkeley, CA, USA
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14
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Wang X, Modak HV, Tabita FR. Photolithoautotrophic growth and control of CO2 fixation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodospirillum rubrum in the absence of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. J Bacteriol 1993; 175:7109-14. [PMID: 8226655 PMCID: PMC206842 DOI: 10.1128/jb.175.21.7109-7114.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodobacter sphaeroides were shown to be capable of photolithoautotrophic growth in the absence of the reductive pentose phosphate (Calvin) cycle. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RubisCO) deletion strains were incapable of photolithoautotrophic growth using hydrogen as an electron donor but were able to grow in the absence of organic carbon using less reduced inorganic electron donors, i.e., thiosulfate or sulfide. Wild-type R. rubrum grown in the presence of thiosulfate contained RubisCO levels that were 50-fold lower compared with those in cells growth with hydrogen as an electron donor without substantially influencing rates of photolithoautotrophic growth. These results suggest there are two independent CO2 fixation pathways that support photolithoautotrophic growth in purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria, indicating that these organisms have developed sophisticated control mechanisms to regulate the flow of carbon from CO2 through these separate pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1192
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15
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Falcone DL, Tabita FR. Complementation analysis and regulation of CO2 fixation gene expression in a ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase deletion strain of Rhodospirillum rubrum. J Bacteriol 1993; 175:5066-77. [PMID: 8349547 PMCID: PMC204973 DOI: 10.1128/jb.175.16.5066-5077.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RubisCO) deletion strain of Rhodospirillum rubrum that was incapable of photolithoautotrophic growth was constructed. Photoheterotrophic growth, however, was possible for the R. rubrum RubisCO deletion strain when oxidized carbon compounds such as malate were supplied. The R. rubrum RubisCO-deficient strain was not complemented to photolithoautotrophic growth by various R. rubrum DNA fragments that contain the gene encoding RubisCO, cbbM. When the R. rubrum cbbM deletion strain harbored plasmids containing R. rubrum DNA inserts with at least 2.0 kb preceding the translational start site of the cbbM gene, RubisCO activity and RubisCO antigen were detected. Lack of RubisCO expression was therefore not the cause for the failure to complement the cbbM mutant strain. Interestingly, DNA fragments encoding either of two complete Calvin-Benson-Bassham CO2- fixation (cbb) gene operons from Rhodobacter sphaeroides were able to complement the R. rubrum RubisCO deletion strain to photolithoautotrophic growth. The same R. rubrum DNA fragments that failed to complement the R. rubrum cbbM deletion strain successfully complemented the RubisCO deletion strain of R. sphaeroides, pointing to distinct differences in the regulation of metabolism and the genetics of photolithoautotrophic growth in these two organisms. A number of cbb genes were identified by nucleotide sequence analysis of the region upstream of cbbM. Included among these was an open reading frame encoding a cbbR gene showing a high degree of sequence similarity to known lysR-type CO2 fixation transcriptional activator genes. The placement and orientation of the cbbR transcriptional regulator gene in R. rubrum are unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Falcone
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1192
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16
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Wang X, Falcone DL, Tabita FR. Reductive pentose phosphate-independent CO2 fixation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides and evidence that ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity serves to maintain the redox balance of the cell. J Bacteriol 1993; 175:3372-9. [PMID: 8501041 PMCID: PMC204734 DOI: 10.1128/jb.175.11.3372-3379.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-cell CO2 fixation and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) activity were determined in Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild-type and mutant strains. There is no obvious difference in the levels of whole-cell CO2 fixation for the wild type, a form I RubisCO deletion mutant, and a form II RubisCO deletion mutant. No ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate-dependent CO2 fixation was detected in a form I-form II RubisCO double-deletion mutant (strain 16) or strain 16PHC, a derivative from strain 16 which was selected for the ability to grow photoheterotrophically with CO2 as an electron acceptor. However, significant levels of whole-cell CO2 fixation were detected in both strains 16 and 16PHC. Strain 16PHC exhibited CO2 fixation rates significantly higher than those of strain 16; the rates found for strain 16PHC were 30% of the level found in photoheterotrophically grown wild-type strain HR containing both form I and form II RubisCO and 10% of the level of the wild-type strain grown photolithoautotrophically. Strain 16PHC could not grow photolithoautotrophically in a CO2-H2 atmosphere; however, CO2 fixation catalyzed by photoheterotrophically grown strain 16PHC was repressed by addition of the alternate electron acceptor dimethyl sulfoxide. Dimethyl sulfoxide addition also influenced RubisCO activity under photolithoautotrophic conditions; 40 to 70% of the RubisCO activity was reduced without significantly influencing growth. Strain 16PHC and strain 16 contain nearly equivalent but low levels of pyruvate carboxylase, indicating that CO2 fixation enzymes other than pyruvate carboxylase contribute to the ability of strain 16PHC to grow with CO2 as an electron acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1192
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17
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Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria: Physiology and Advances in Hydrogen Production Technology. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tabita FR, Gibson JL, Bowien B, Dijkhuizen L, Meijer WG. Uniform designation for genes of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham reductive pentose phosphate pathway of bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992; 78:107-10. [PMID: 1490592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and regulatory genes encoding enzymes and proteins of the reductive pentose phosphate pathway have been isolated from a number of bacteria recently. In the phototroph Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and in two chemoautotrophic bacteria, Alcaligenes eutrophus and Xanthobacter flavus, these genes have been found in distinct operons. However, in these three organisms and in other bacteria where certain of these genes have been discovered, a uniform nomenclature to designate these genes has been lacking. This report represents an effort to provide uniformity to the designation of these genes from all bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Tabita
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1292
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Johnson TC, Yee BC, Carlson DE, Buchanan BB, Johnson RS, Mathews WR, Biemann K. Thioredoxin from Rhodospirillum rubrum: primary structure and relation to thioredoxins from other photosynthetic bacteria. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:2406-8. [PMID: 3129411 PMCID: PMC211140 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.5.2406-2408.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin was isolated from a photosynthetic purple nonsulfur bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and its primary structure was determined by high-performance tandem mass spectrometry. The sequence identity of R. rubrum thioredoxin to Escherichia coli thioredoxin was intermediate to those of the Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum and Chromatium vinosum proteins. The results indicate that R. rubrum has an NADP-thioredoxin system similar to that of other photosynthetic purple bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Johnson
- Division of Molecular Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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Vignais PM, Colbeau A, Willison JC, Jouanneau Y. Hydrogenase, nitrogenase, and hydrogen metabolism in the photosynthetic bacteria. Adv Microb Physiol 1985; 26:155-234. [PMID: 3913292 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gorrell TE, Uffen RL. LIGHT-DEPENDENT AND LIGHT-INDEPENDENT PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN GAS BY PHOTOSYNTHESIZING RHODOSPIRILLUM RUBRUM MUTANT C. Photochem Photobiol 1978. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1978.tb07611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sirevåg R, Buchanan BB, Berry JA, Troughton JH. Mechanisms of CO2 fixation in bacterial photosynthesis studied by the carbon isotope fractionation technique. Arch Microbiol 1977; 112:35-8. [PMID: 402896 DOI: 10.1007/bf00446651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The carbon isotope discrimination properties of a representative of each of the three types of photosynthetic bacteria Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum, Rhodospirillum rubrum and Chromatium and of the C3-alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii were determined by measuring the ratio of 13CO2 to 12CO2 incorporated during photoautotrophic growth. 2. Chromatium and R. rubrum had isotope selection properties similar to those of C3-plants, whereas Chlorobium was significantly different. 3. The results suggest that Chromatium and R. rubrum assimilate CO2 mainly via ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase and the associated reactions of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle, whereas Chlorobium utilizes other mechanisms. Such mechanisms would include the ferredoxin-linked carboxylation enzymes and associated reactions of the reductive carboxylic acid cycle.
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Buchanan BB, Sirevåg R. Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase and Cholorobium thiosulfatophilum. Arch Microbiol 1976; 109:15-9. [PMID: 183616 DOI: 10.1007/bf00425107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. Cell-free extracts of the photosynthetic bacterium Cholorobium thiosulfatophilum, strains 8327 and Tassajara, were assayed for ribulose 1,5-diphosphate (RuDP) carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase--the two enzymes peculiar to the reductive pentose phosphate cycle. 2. RuDP carboxylase was consistently absent in strain 8327. The Tassajara strain showed a low RuDP-dependent CO2 fixation activity that was somewhat higher in cells following transatlantic air shipment than in freshly grown cells. The stability and behaviour of this activity in sucrose density gradients were similar to those described by other workers. 3. The radioactive carboxylation products formed in the presence of RuDP by enzyme preparations from the Tassajara strain did not include 3-phosphoglycerate--the known product of the RuDP carboxylase reaction, but instead consisted of the unrelated acids glutamate, aspartate and malate. 4. Phosphoribulokinase was absent in all preparations of the two Chlorobium strains tested. By contrast, phosphoribulokinase as well as RuDP carboxylase were readily demonstrated in preparations from pea chloroplasts and the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. 5. It is concluded that C. thiosulfatophilum appears to lack RuDP carboxylase, phosphoribulokinase, and hence, the reductive pentose phosphate cycle.
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Bothe H, Falkenberg B, Nolteernsting U. Properties and function of the pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the blue-green alga Anabaena cylindrica. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1974; 96:291-304. [PMID: 4209549 DOI: 10.1007/bf00590185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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McFadden BA. Autotrophic CO2 assimilation and the evolution of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase. BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 1973; 37:289-319. [PMID: 4357017 PMCID: PMC413820 DOI: 10.1128/br.37.3.289-319.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wickramasinghe RH. Iron-sulphur proteins: their possible place in the origin of life and the development of early metabolic systems. SPACE LIFE SCIENCES 1973; 4:341-52. [PMID: 4594178 DOI: 10.1007/bf00930347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Slater JH, Morris I. The pathway of carbon dioxide assimilation in Rhodospirillum rubrum grown in turbidostat continuous-flow culture. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1973; 92:235-44. [PMID: 4201020 DOI: 10.1007/bf00411204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Dawes EA, Senior PJ. The role and regulation of energy reserve polymers in micro-organisms. Adv Microb Physiol 1973; 10:135-266. [PMID: 4594739 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Preiss J. 3 Adenosine Diphosphoryl Glucose Pyrophosphorylase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6047(08)60063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Gehring U, Arnon DI. Purification and Properties of α-Ketoglutarate Synthase from a Photosynthetic Bacterium. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Buchanan BB, Schürmann P, Shanmugam KT. Role of the reductive carboxylic acid cycle in a photosynthetic bacterium lacking ribulose I,5-diphosphate carboxylase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 283:136-45. [PMID: 4643350 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(72)90105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Shanmugam KT, Buchanan BB, Arnon DI. Ferredoxins in light- and dark-grown photosynthetic cells with special reference to Rhodospirillum rubrum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 256:477-86. [PMID: 4401426 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(72)90076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Shanmugam KT, Arnon DI. Effect of ferredoxin on bacterial photophosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 256:487-97. [PMID: 4622736 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(72)90077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sch�n G, Biedermann M. Bildung fl�chtiger S�uren bei der Verg�rung von Pyruvat und Fructose in anaerober Dunkelkultur von Rhodospirillum rubrum. Arch Microbiol 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00425145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wixon RL, Heinemann MA, Semeraro RJ, Joseph A. Studies in valine biosythesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(71)90070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gehring U, Arnon DI. Ferredoxin-dependent Phenylpyruvate Synthesis by Cell-free Preparations of Photosynthetic Bacteria. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Buchanan BB, Arnon DI. [39] Ferredoxins from photosynthetic bacteria, algae, and higher plants. Methods Enzymol 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(71)23115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Scrutton MC. Chapter XII Assay of Enzymes of CO2 Metabolism. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0580-9517(08)70584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Porter J, Merrett MJ. Formation of glyoxylate from alpha-hydroxyglutarate by Rhodospirillum rubrum. FEBS Lett 1970; 7:271-273. [PMID: 11947489 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Porter
- Postgraduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Bradford, 7, Bradford, England
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Role of Ferredoxin in the Synthesis of α-Ketobutyrate from Propionyl Coenzyme A and Carbon Dioxide by Enzymes from Photosynthetic and Nonphotosynthetic Bacteria. J Biol Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- J Payne
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
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Arnon DI. Role of ferredoxin in photosynthesis. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1969; 56:295-305. [PMID: 4391254 DOI: 10.1007/bf00602160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Buchanan BB, Evans MC. Photoreduction of ferredoxin and its use in NAD(P)+ reduction by a subcellular preparation from the photosynthetic bacterium, Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 180:123-9. [PMID: 4389189 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(69)90199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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