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Baas J, Bieringer S, Frias C, Frias J, Soehnchen C, Urmann C, Ritter S, Riepl H, Prokop A. Dihydroxyquingdainone Induces Apoptosis in Leukaemia and Lymphoma Cells via the Mitochondrial Pathway in a Bcl-2- and Caspase-3-Dependent Manner and Overcomes Resistance to Cytostatic Drugs In Vitro. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155038. [PMID: 35956988 PMCID: PMC9370279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Isatis tinctoria and its indigo dyes have already provided highly active anti-leukaemic lead compounds, with the focus mainly being on indirubin, whereas indigo itself is inactive. There are many more indigoids to find in this plant extract, for example, quingdainone, an indigoid derived from tryptanthrin. We present here a new synthesis of hitherto neglected substituted quingdainones, which is very necessary due to their poor solubility behaviour, and a structure-dependent anti-leukaemic activity study of a number of compounds. Substituted α-phenylaminoacrylic acid was synthesised by hydrogen sulfide extrusion from an analogue mercaptoacetic acid, available from the condensation of rhodanin and a substituted tryptanthrin. It is shown that just improving water solubility does not increase anti-leukaemic activity, since a quingdainone carboxylic acid is inactive compared to dihydroxyquingdainone. The most effective compound, dihydroxyquingdainone with an AC50 of 7.5 µmole, is further characterised, revealing its ability to overcome multidrug resistance in leukaemia cells (Nalm-6/BeKa) with p-glycoprotein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Baas
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children’s Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bieringer
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Corazon Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children’s Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jerico Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children’s Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolina Soehnchen
- Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Urmann
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Steffi Ritter
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Herbert Riepl
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children’s Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
- Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (A.P.)
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Ziadi Chibane A, Boulcina R, Boulebd H, Bensouici C, Yildirim M, Debache A. Green one-pot multicomponent synthesis, biological evaluation and theoretical investigations of some novel β-acetamido ketone derivatives as potent cholinesterase inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mexia N, Koutrakis S, He G, Skaltsounis AL, Denison MS, Magiatis P. A Biomimetic, One-Step Transformation of Simple Indolic Compounds to Malassezia-Related Alkaloids with High AhR Potency and Efficacy. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2238-2249. [PMID: 31647221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malassezia furfur isolates from diseased skin preferentially biosynthesize compounds which are among the most active known aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inducers, such as indirubin, tryptanthrin, indolo[3,2-b]carbazole, and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole. In our effort to study their production from Malassezia spp., we investigated the role of indole-3-carbaldehyde (I3A), the most abundant metabolite of Malassezia when grown on tryptophan agar, as a possible starting material for the biosynthesis of the alkaloids. Treatment of I3A with H2O2 and use of catalysts like diphenyldiselenide resulted in the simultaneous one-step transformation of I3A to indirubin and tryptanthrin in good yields. The same reaction was first applied on simple indole and then on substituted indoles and indole-3-carbaldehydes, leading to a series of mono- and bisubstituted indirubins and tryptanthrins bearing halogens, alkyl, or carbomethoxy groups. Afterward, they were evaluated for their AhR agonist activity in recombinant human and mouse hepatoma cell lines containing a stably transfected AhR-response luciferase reporter gene. Among them, 3,9-dibromotryptanthrin was found to be equipotent to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as an AhR agonist, and 3-bromotryptanthrin was 10-times more potent than TCDD in the human HG2L7.5c1 cell line. In contrast, 3,9-dibromotryptanthrin and 3-bromotryptanthrin were ∼4000 and >10,000 times less potent than TCDD in the mouse H1L7.5c3 cell line, respectively, demonstrating that they are species-specific AhR agonists. Involvement of the AhR in the action of 3-bromotryptanthrin was confirmed by the ability of the AhR antagonists CH223191 and SR1 to inhibit 3-bromotryptanthrin-dependent reporter gene induction in human HG2L7.5c1 cells. In conclusion, I3A can be the starting material used by Malassezia for the production of both indirubin and tryptanthrin through an oxidation mechanism, and modification of these compounds can produce some highly potent, efficacious and species-selective AhR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitia Mexia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 15771 , Greece
| | - Stamatis Koutrakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 15771 , Greece
| | - Guochun He
- Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 15771 , Greece
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 15771 , Greece.,Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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Pedras MSC, Abdoli A, To QH, Thapa C. Ecological Roles of Tryptanthrin, Indirubin andN‐Formylanthranilic Acid inIsatis indigotica: Phytoalexins or Phytoanticipins? Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800579. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Soledade C. Pedras
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place Saskatoon SK S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Abbas Abdoli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place Saskatoon SK S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Q. Huy To
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place Saskatoon SK S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Chintamani Thapa
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place Saskatoon SK S7N 5C9 Canada
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Abe T, Terasaki M. Synthesis of Phaitanthrin E and Tryptanthrin through Amination/Cyclization Cascade. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; Ishikari-Tobetsu Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Masaru Terasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Health Sciences University of Hokkaido; Ishikari-Tobetsu Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
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Kingi N, Bergman J. Thionation of Tryptanthrin, Rutaecarpine, and Related Molecules with a Reagent Prepared from P4S10 and Pyridine. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7711-6. [PMID: 27525546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of P4S10 in hot pyridine produces a crystalline solid which can be collected and used for thionations in other solvents such as acetonitrile and sulfolane. The biologically active natural products tryptanthrine, rutaecarpine, 7,8-dehydrorutaecarpine, and some related compounds have now been converted to thionated versions simply by heating the molecules with this thionating reagent in sulfolane (typically at 135 °C for 20 min) followed by a workup in water. No chromatography was necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngarita Kingi
- Department of Biosciences, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.,Vironova Medical , SE-113 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Bergman
- Department of Biosciences, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.,Vironova Medical , SE-113 30 Stockholm, Sweden
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Seya K, Yamaya A, Kamachi S, Murakami M, Kitahara H, Kawakami J, Okumura K, Murakami M, Motomura S, Furukawa KI. 8-Methyltryptanthrin-induced differentiation of P19CL6 embryonal carcinoma cells into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1413-1419. [PMID: 24885014 DOI: 10.1021/np500108r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of cardiac differentiation is critical to stem cell transplantation therapy for severe ischemic heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether several derivatives of tryptanthrin (1), extracted from the medicinal plant Polygonum tinctorium, induce the differentiation of P19CL6 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells into beating cardiomyocyte-like cells. P19CL6 cells were cultured in α-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS including a test compound or vehicle. Drug-induced differentiation was assessed by measuring the number of beating and nonbeating aggregates and the area of beating aggregates, and the expression of genes involved in cardiac differentiation was evaluated by real-time PCR. A 1 μM concentration of 8-methyltryptanthrin (2) induced the differentiation of P19CL6 cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells to a significantly greater degree than 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a conventional differentiation inducer of P19CL6 cells. Furthermore, 2 strongly increased both the number and the area of spontaneously beating aggregates in comparison with DMSO. Two distinct genes of the calcium channel family, Cav1.2 and Cav3.1, underlying cardiac automaticity were significantly expressed in the presence of 2. Gap junction genes GJA1 and GJA5 contributing to the synchronized contraction of the myocardium were also induced significantly by 2. These results suggest that 2 successfully differentiated P19CL6 cells into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells by activating the gene expression of pacemaker channels and gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Pharmacology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine , 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Jahng Y. Progress in the studies on tryptanthrin, an alkaloid of history. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:517-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pandit RP, Lee YR. Efficient Synthesis of β-Acetamido Ketones by Silver(I) Triflate-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.11.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of benzo-annulated tryptanthrins and their biological properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4962-7. [PMID: 22819942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzo-annulated derivatives of tryptanthrin were prepared and their optical and redox properties were studied. Tryptanthrin and its benzo-annulated derivatives showed selective inhibitory activity on topo I with an increase of activity on topo II by benzo-annulation on quinazolin-4(3H)-one moiety. Although the benzo-annulation on quinazolin-4(3H)-one ring did not affect significantly on the inhibitory activities against topo I and II, the benzoannulation on indolin-3-one ring affected the inhibitory activity very much especially by linear annulation. Cytotoxicities were not significantly changed upon benzoannulation, which were not directly related either to the inhibitory activities against topo I and II or to the reduction potentials.
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KUMBHARE RAVINDRAM, SRIDHAR MADABHUSHI. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid promoted Dakin–West reaction: An efficient and convenient synthesis of β-acetamido ketones. J CHEM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-011-0183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Zare A, Moosavi-Zare AR, Merajoddin M, Zolfigol MA, Hekmat-Zadeh T, Hasaninejad A, Khazaei A, Mokhlesi M, Khakyzadeh V, Derakhshan-Panah F, Beyzavi MH, Rostami E, Arghoon A, Roohandeh R. Ionic liquid triethylamine-bonded sulfonic acid {[Et3N–SO3H]Cl} as a novel, highly efficient and homogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of β-acetamido ketones, 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes. J Mol Liq 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Zhang XH, Fan L, Liu J, Yang DC. One-pot synthesis of β-acetamido-β-arylpropiophenone employing trifluoroacetic acid as an efficient catalyst. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-011-0288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang XH, Yan JF, Fan L, Wang GB, Yang DC. Synthesis and antidiabetic activity of β-acetamido ketones. Acta Pharm Sin B 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Naik MA, Samantaray S, Mishra BG. Phosphotungstic Acid Nanoclusters Grafted onto High Surface Area Hydrous Zirconia as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Synthesis of Octahydroquinazolinones and β-Acetamido Ketones. J CLUST SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-011-0384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nasr-Esfahani M, Montazerozohori M, Gholampour T. Silica Supported Perchloric Acid: A Convenient and Environmentally Friendly Catalyst for the One-pot Multicomponent Synthesis of β-Acetamido Ketones. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kawakami J, Matsushima N, Ogawa Y, Kakinami H, Nakane A, Kitahara H, Nagaki M, Ito S. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Tryptanthrin Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.14723/tmrsj.36.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kawakami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | | | - Yuta Ogawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Hiroko Kakinami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Akio Nakane
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University
| | - Haruo Kitahara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University
| | - Masahiko Nagaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
| | - Shunji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University
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Nasr-Esfahani M, Montazerozohori M, Gholampour T. Silica Supported Tungstosilicic Acid as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of β-Acetamido Ketones via a Four-Component Condensation Reaction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.12.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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N-(α-Amidoalkyl)benzotriazole-mediated synthesis of β′-amido β-diketones: a general synthetic protocol for N-[β-(3,5-di and 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazol-4-yl)alkyl] amides. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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VCl3Catalyzed, A Simple and Efficient One-Pot, Multi-Component Synthesis of β-Acetamido Carbonyl Compounds. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2008.52.6.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of β-acetamido carbonyl compounds using sulfated zirconia as a heterogeneous recyclable catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Utkina NK, Denisenko VA. Ophiuroidine, the first indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline alkaloid from the Caribbean brittle star Ophiocoma riisei. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Khan AT, Parvin T, Choudhury LH. Iron(III) chloride-catalyzed convenient one-pot synthesis of β-acetamido carbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
This review describes the various manifestations of the pyrimidine system (alkylated, glycosylated, benzo-annelated.). These comprise pyrimidine nucleosides as well as alkaloids and antibiotics--some of them have been discovered and isolated from natural sources already long time ago, others have been reported very recently. A short overview on pyrimidine syntheses (prebiotic synthesis, biosynthesis, and metabolism) is given. The biological activities of most of the pyrimidine analogs are briefly described, and, in some cases, syntheses are formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Lagoja
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven.
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Khan AT, Choudhury LH, Parvin T, Ali MA. CeCl3·7H2O: an efficient and reusable catalyst for the preparation of β-acetamido carbonyl compounds by multi-component reactions (MCRs). Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Bittner S, Scherzer R, Harlev E. The five bromotryptophans. Amino Acids 2006; 33:19-42. [PMID: 17031473 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The five regioisomeric bromotryptophans (BrTrps) play an important role in the life of sponges and lower marine invertebrates. These bromo-amino acids, which are formed by post-translational modifications, are not found in nature in their free state, but rather are involved in more complex structures. Any of the BrTrps can be part of a peptide, a cyclic peptide, an indole alkaloid, an ergot alkaloid, a macrocycle and others. The present review covers the synthesis, physical and spectroscopic properties of the five BrTrps. It also describes the many exiting pharmacological and biological activities played by the BrTrps and by various secondary metabolites containing brominated tryptophan moieties. Of special interest are cyclic peptides containing the 2-BrTrp unit, which were isolated from marine sponges e.g. konbamide, orbiculamide A, the various keramamides, jaspamide eusynstyelamide and more. Important families of non-cyclic peptides containing the 6-BrTrp, include the styelins, the conotoxins, the cathelicidins and several constrained macrocyclic peptides. Many marine secondary BrTrp-containing, non-peptidic metabolites also display a remarkable spectrum of bioactivities, which can be harnessed for therapeutic and other purposes. Examples are: barettin, bromotryptanthrin, tetraacetyl clionamide, cyclocinamide A, clavicipitic acid, various brominated beta-carbolines. In this review we have presented the various synthetic routes leading to the preparation of the five BrTrps and many of its derivatives. Also, we have introduced the reader to many synthetic routes leading to BrTrp-containing non-peptidic natural products. Although the functional role of the various compounds in the human body is only poorly understood, its effects were extensively studied. Almost all of these compounds exhibit important therapeutic properties e.g. antifungal, antimicrobial, antihelmintic, insecticidal ichthyotoxic and anticancer activity. In the present review attempts have been made to provide synopsis, synthesis and symbiosis of chemical and biological actions, which may provide future guidance and facilitate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bittner
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Maskey RP, Shaaban M, Grün-Wollny I, Laatsch H. Quinazolin-4-one derivatives from Streptomyces isolates. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:1131-1134. [PMID: 15270566 DOI: 10.1021/np0305425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
From the ethyl acetate extract of the strain Streptomyces sp. isolate GW23/1540, besides 16 known products, several 1H-quinazolin-4-one derivatives were isolated. (SR)-2-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one (4) and (RR)-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one (5) are new natural products. 2-Methyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one (2) and 1H-quinazoline-2,4-dione (3) are known from other bacteria and plants, respectively. From another Streptomyces sp., GW2/577, 5-methyl-1H-quinazoline-2,4-dione (6) was isolated and the structure proven by comparison with the isomeric 7. The new natural products showed no activity against the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus subspicatus, the fungus Mucor miehei, the yeast Candida albicans, and the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Streptomyces viridochromogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Maskey
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Kimoto T, Hino K, Koya-Miyata S, Yamamoto Y, Takeuchi M, Nishizaki Y, Micallef MJ, Ushio S, Iwaki K, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M. Cell differentiation and apoptosis of monocytic and promyelocytic leukemia cells (U-937 and HL-60) by tryptanthrin, an active ingredient of Polygonum tinctorium Lour. Pathol Int 2001; 51:315-25. [PMID: 11422788 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tryptanthrin, a bioactive ingredient of Polygonum tinctorium Lour., is a member of the Indigo plant family and has potent cytocidal effects on various human leukemia cells in vitro. At low concentrations, tryptanthrin enhanced the expression of cell differentiation (CD) markers in human monocytic (U-937) and promyelocytic (HL-60) leukemia cells indicative of differentiation to monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reductive and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NBE) activities were markedly increased after treatment. Tryptanthrin was more potent than dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at inducing U-937 cell differentiation into monocytes/macrophages. After treatment with higher concentrations of tryptanthrin for 24 h, cytoplasmic vacuolation and destruction of mitochondria were observed. The leukemia cells died via apoptosis 48 h after treatment. Cytoplasmic vacuolation and apoptotic changes correlated with the dysfunction of mitochondria. Electron microscopic observations revealed marked swelling and destruction of mitochondria after exposure of the leukemia cells to tryptanthrin. Exposure to tryptanthrin enhanced Fas-induced apoptosis and increased caspase-3 activity before induction of apoptosis. These results show that low concentrations of tryptanthrin can induce differentiation of leukemia cells but higher concentrations will kill leukemia cells through apoptosis, possibly through a caspase-3/Fas antigen pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kimoto
- Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Fujisaki Institute, Okayama, Japan
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Yoshikawa M, Murakami T, Kishi A, Sakurama T, Matsuda H. Chemical Constituents of Two Oriental Orchids, Calanthe discolor and C. liukiuensis: Precursor Indole Glycoside of Tryptanthrin and Indirubin. HETEROCYCLES 2001. [DOI: 10.3987/com-00-s(i)96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schrenk D, Riebniger D, Till M, Vetter S, Fiedler HP. Tryptanthrins and other tryptophan-derived agonists of the dioxin receptor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2000; 467:403-8. [PMID: 10721082 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related environmental pollutants exert most of their adverse effects via the aryl hydrocarbon or dioxin receptor (AhR). While most potent agonists of the AhR are of synthetic origin, an increasing number of natural compounds is now recognized as receptor agonists. Our findings demonstrate that some tryptanthrin derivatives biosynthesized in incubations of Candida lipolytica with tryptophan and anthranilic acid or its derivatives activate the AhR measured as induction of cytochrome P4501A1 mRNA and protein in rat hepatocytes in primary culture. The specificity of the inducing effect of tryptanthrins was demonstrated in gel retardation experiments in Hepa-1 mouse hepatoma cells using an oliogonucleotide comprising the sequence of the dioxin-responsive element. Furthermore, unidentified AhR agonists were formed in incubations of rat feces with a minimal medium supplemented with tryptophan. It is suggested that the receptor may be part of a defense system protecting higher organisms from secondary tryptophan-derived metabolites formed by the microflora of the host or its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schrenk
- Food Chemistry & Environmental Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Abstract
The reemergence of tuberculosis and closely related diseases as significant public health problems is briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on the exacerbating role of AIDS and multiple drug resistance. Screening methods available for discovering new chemical entities active against resistant strains are discussed and their use in screening extracts and compounds for activity is illustrated with a number of newly discovered structures being presented. In particular, the properties of the potent and structurally novel indoloquinazolinone alkaloid, tryptanthrin, is described. Many analogs of this lead structure were synthesized by combinatorial and multiple parallel synthetic techniques and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their potential in the chemotherapy of human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mitscher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kansas University, Lawrence 66047, USA.
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Schrenk D, Riebniger D, Till M, Vetter S, Fiedler HP. Tryptanthrins: a novel class of agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 54:165-71. [PMID: 9296363 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related environmental pollutants exert most of their adverse effects such as immunosuppression, induction of endocrine dysfunction, tumor promotion, and teratogenicity via the aryl hydrocarbon or dioxin receptor. While most potent agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor are of synthetic origin, an increasing number of natural compounds are now recognized as receptor agonists. Our findings demonstrated that some tryptanthrin derivatives biosynthesized in incubations of Candida lipolytica with tryptophan and anthranilic acid or its derivatives were agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The biosynthetic products 8-methyltryptanthrin, 8-chlorotryptanthrin, and 8-bromotryptanthrin induced cytochrome P4501A1 mRNA and protein in rat hepatocytes in primary culture, characteristic features of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists. Log-probit analysis of the catalytic activity of cytochrome P4501A1, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), revealed EC50 induction values of 1.7, 0.25, and 0.17 microM for 8-methyltryptanthrin, 8-chlorotryptanthrin, and 8-bromotryptanthrin, respectively. Interestingly, the nonsubstituted tryptanthrin molecule, biosynthesized from the common physiological precursors tryptophan and anthranilic acid, was also active as an inducer. The specificity of the inducing effect of tryptanthrins was demonstrated in gel retardation experiments in Hepa-1 mouse hepatoma cells, showing the characteristic interaction of the activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor with an oligonucleotide containing a xenobiotic-responsive element. It is suggested that the receptor may be part of a defense system protecting higher organisms from secondary metabolites formed by the microflora of the host or its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schrenk
- Institute of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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NMR studies of 4(3H)-quinazolinones and 4(3H)-quinazolinethiones. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00807171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Laatsch H, Ludwig-Köhn H. Isolierung des indigoiden Pigmentes Candidin aus Urin und Hämofiltrat von Urämikern. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198619861104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chapter 2 Quinazoline Alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Structure determination of candidine, a violet indolic constituent from culture solutions of Candida lipolytica. Tetrahedron 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bergman J, Lindström JO, Tilstam U. The structure and properties of some indolic constituents in Couroupita guianensis aubl. Tetrahedron 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Johne S. The quinazoline alkaloids. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1984; 46:159-229. [PMID: 6396180 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8759-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lübbe C, Salcher O, Lingens F. Formation of N-acetylaminophenol from anthranilic acid by Pseudomonas pyrrociniaATCC15958. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb08221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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