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Dell'Acqua C, Mejza R, Messerotti Benvenuti S. Affective processing in dysphoria: Evidence from startle probe modulation of ERPs. Neurosci Lett 2024; 824:137673. [PMID: 38346533 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The hypoactivation of the appetitive and defensive motivational systems in the brain is a feature of depression and might also represent a vulnerability factor for the disorder. A measure that can be employed to investigate both motivational systems is the electroencephalographic response to an acoustic startle probe during affective processing. Particularly, the amplitude of auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) components to the startle probe is smaller when the emotional context is more arousing. Neural responses to an unattended startle probe during an emotional passive viewing task of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures was employed to assess the activation of the approach and defensive motivational systems in a sample of individuals with (n = 24, 23 females) vs. without (n = 24, 23 females) dysphoria. The group without dysphoria showed a reduced startle-elicited N200 only in the context of pleasant relative to neutral pictures, indicating that the affective processing of the appetitive context might reduce the attentional resources needed to orient attention toward unattended non-salient stimuli. Conversely, the N200 amplitude was not attenuated for pleasant relative to neutral and unpleasant contexts in the group with dysphoria. Moreover, no within- or between-group differences emerged in the P300 amplitude. Taken together, the results of this study showed that depression vulnerability is characterized by reduced attention to pleasant contexts, suggesting a blunted affective processing of appetitive emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Dell'Acqua
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Roza Mejza
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Hospital Psychology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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Dell'Acqua C, Dal Bò E, Moretta T, Palomba D, Messerotti Benvenuti S. EEG time-frequency analysis reveals blunted tendency to approach and increased processing of unpleasant stimuli in dysphoria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8161. [PMID: 35581359 PMCID: PMC9113991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, affective and cognitive processing of emotional information in individuals with depressive symptoms have been examined through peripheral psychophysiological measures, event-related potentials, and time–frequency analysis of oscillatory activity. However, electrocortical correlates of emotional and cognitive processing of affective content in depression have not been fully understood. Time–frequency analysis of electroencephalographic activity allows disentangling the brain's parallel processing of information. The present study employed a time–frequency approach to simultaneously examine affective disposition and cognitive processing during the viewing of emotional stimuli in dysphoria. Time–frequency event-related changes were examined during the viewing of pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures in 24 individuals with dysphoria and 24 controls. Affective disposition was indexed by delta and alpha power, while theta power was employed as a correlate of cognitive elaboration of the stimuli. Cluster-based statistics revealed a centro-parietal reduction in delta power for pleasant stimuli in individuals with dysphoria relative to controls. Also, dysphoria was characterized by an early fronto-central increase in theta power for unpleasant stimuli relative to neutral and pleasant ones. Comparatively, controls were characterized by a late fronto-central and occipital reduction in theta power for unpleasant stimuli relative to neutral and pleasant. The present study granted novel insights on the interrelated facets of affective elaboration in dysphoria, mainly characterized by a hypoactivation of the approach-related motivational system and a sustained facilitated cognitive processing of unpleasant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Dell'Acqua
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy. .,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisa Dal Bò
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
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Li Y, Cheng X, Li Y, Sui X. Neural Responses to Reward and Punishment Stimuli in Depressed Status Individuals and Their Effects on Cognitive Activities. Front Psychol 2022; 12:808341. [PMID: 35197888 PMCID: PMC8859454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.808341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals in depressed status respond abnormally to reward stimuli, but the neural processes involved remain unclear. Whether this neural response affects subsequent cognitive processing activities remains to be explored. In the current study, participants, screened as depressed status individuals and healthy individuals by Beck Depression Inventory and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, performed both a door task and a cognitive task. Specifically, in each trial, they selected one from two identical doors based on the expectations of rewards and punishments and received the rewarded or punished feedback, and then they performed a cognitive task in which they judged the correctness of a math equation. The neural responses of their choice in the door task were recorded. The results showed that when the two groups received punished feedback, their accuracy was significantly higher than they received rewarded feedback. Compared with the healthy group, the depressed status group spent more time completing cognitive tasks. Analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data showed that the amplitude of RewP induced by rewarded feedback was larger than that induced by punished feedback, and the amplitude of RewP and fb-P3 induced by the depressed status group was smaller than that of the healthy group. The results of an order analysis showed that the main effects of group variable in fb-P3 and RewP appeared in the second half of the data, and the main effect of feedback type in RewP appeared in the first half of the data. The results showed that the neural response of individuals in depressed status to reward and punishment stimuli was weakened compared with healthy individuals and affected the subsequent cognitive processing to some extent. The effect of feedback appeared in the early stage and gradually decreased. The neural response of individuals in depressed status had a cumulative effect, and the differences appeared in the later stage. The results of this study support the emotional situation insensitive hypothesis, that is, individuals in depressed status are less sensitive to reward and punishment than healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xizi Cheng
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yahong Li
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue Sui
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Acting against your own interests: The tension between emotion regulation preference and efficacy and its implications for individuals with depressive symptoms. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254213. [PMID: 34252137 PMCID: PMC8274863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was twofold: first, to compare individuals' strategy choices in low and high intensity conditions and the actual efficacy of these strategies; second, to assess whether and how perceived intensity levels of aversive situations moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and a strategies' efficacy. In Experiment 1A (N = 58), we replicated previous results, showing that individuals prefer distraction in high- and reappraisal in low-intensity conditions, irrespective of depressive symptom levels. Experiment 1B (N = 50) assessed the efficacy of distraction and reappraisal strategies in aversive conditions with low and high intensity. Contrary to our prediction, reappraisal was more effective than distraction, independent of the intensity of the aversive conditions. In Experiment 2 (N = 113), we tested the interactive relationship between perceived intensity levels and depression on the relative effectiveness of reappraisal and distraction. We found that while in perceived low-intensity situations the advantage of distraction over reappraisal increased as depressive symptoms increased, no such relationship was found in high-intensity situations. The results suggest that while all individuals prefer to apply reappraisal in both low- and high-intensity conditions, for those with high level of depressive symptoms, such a preference acts against their own interests. The study highlights the need to distinguish between emotion regulation preferences and their actual efficacy, while illuminating possible implications for individuals with depressive symptoms.
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Attention and affect in dysphoria: Insights from startle reflex modulation and cardiac deceleration. Behav Res Ther 2020; 131:103626. [PMID: 32387705 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the interplay between attention and affective disposition during emotional processing in dysphoria. Attentional and affective startle modulation and cardiac deceleration were assessed during the viewing of emotional pictures in 38 individuals with dysphoria and in 52 controls. Startle probes during picture viewing were presented at 300, 1500, 3500, 4500 ms after picture onset. Whereas controls showed the expected startle potentiation to unpleasant stimuli as compared to neutral and pleasant ones, individuals with dysphoria did not show any significant increase in startle reflex amplitude in response to unpleasant stimuli. Of note, startle potentiation during the viewing of unpleasant stimuli was significantly attenuated in the group with dysphoria relative to controls. Conversely, no significant effect concerning attentional startle modulation was noted. However, whereas individuals with dysphoria showed a prolonged cardiac deceleration when viewing unpleasant compared to neutral stimuli, the same effect was observed in controls only in the initial stage of stimuli processing. This study suggests that dysphoria is characterized by underactivation of the defensive motivational system and by prolonged attentional allocation to unpleasant stimuli. The assessment of affective startle modulation and cardiac deceleration is a valuable paradigm for unraveling dysfunctions in affective disposition and attention in dysphoria.
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Understanding positive emotion deficits in depression: From emotion preferences to emotion regulation. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 76:101826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Guhn A, Steinacher B, Merkl A, Sterzer P, Köhler S. Negative mood induction: Affective reactivity in recurrent, but not persistent depression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208616. [PMID: 30645583 PMCID: PMC6333350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high clinical and epidemiological relevance of persistent depression, little is known about its specific psychopathology and whether it is distinct from recurrent depression. Depression in general has been associated with blunted affective reactivity but the evidence from previous studies is inconsistent. Here, we asked whether affective reactivity might differ between persistent and recurrent depression. METHODS Twenty patients with persistent depression, 20 patients with recurrent depression and 20 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Both patient groups showed moderate symptom severity. All participants underwent a sad mood induction procedure. Affective reactivity was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) before and after mood induction. RESULTS We found a striking difference in affective reactivity between patient groups. While the persistent group showed blunted reactivity to mood induction, the recurrent group demonstrated an affective response that was comparable to HC, with an increase in negative and a decrease in positive affect. Blunted affective reactivity was thus specifically associated with persistent in contrast to recurrent depression. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight affective reactivity as an important psychopathological feature that differs between the two patient groups. Preserved affective reactivity to emotional stimuli in the recurrent group might reflect a resilience factor against persistence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Guhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Steinacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes GmbH Wenckebach-Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Merkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Fliedner Clinic Berlin, Outpatient Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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Slobodskoy-Plusnin J. Behavioral and brain oscillatory correlates of affective processing in subclinical depression. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2017; 40:437-448. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1371281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Frontal Theta Activity as an EEG Correlate of Mood-Related Emotional Processing in Dysphoria. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-016-9572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Caouette JD, Guyer AE. Cognitive distortions mediate depression and affective response to social acceptance and rejection. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:792-799. [PMID: 26625091 PMCID: PMC4745658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emotional context insensitivity (ECI) hypothesis suggests individuals with depression have blunted affective responses to both positive and negative events. We tested ECI in a social context to examine how depression relates to affective responses to social acceptance and rejection outcomes. Furthermore, we aimed to identify cognitive mechanisms linking depression with affective response to social feedback. Finally, we tested whether these processes are similar for social anxiety. METHOD 90 participants (age 18-26 years; 53 women) completed the two-visit Chatroom task. At Visit 1 they rated their expectations about being liked by 60 peers. At Visit 2 they completed self-reports of depressive and social anxiety symptoms, and of cognitive flexibility, then received acceptance or rejection feedback from each peer and rated their affective response. RESULTS Greater depressive symptoms related to negative expectancy bias, lower cognitive flexibility, and less positive affective response to acceptance, but did not relate to rejection. Negative expectations and cognitive flexibility mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and affective response for acceptance; only negative expectations mediated rejection responses. These cognitive mechanisms were not related to social anxiety. LIMITATIONS A community sample was used to assess depression. Rumination and current mood state were omitted as potential predictors of affective response. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the ECI framework. Depression but not social anxiety interferes with positive and negative affect through cognitively mediated dampening of emotional response to social acceptance and rejection. Emotion regulation strategies in depression therapy can target social flexibility to improve alignment of affective reactions to social outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Caouette
- Department of Human Ecology & Center for Mind and Brain, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Department of Human Ecology & Center for Mind and Brain, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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11
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Martinez YAS, Schneider BH, Zambrana A, Batista GS, Soca ZS. Does Comorbid Anger Exacerbate the Rejection of Children with Depression by their School Peers? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2015; 46:493-500. [PMID: 25190149 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression in childhood and adolescence is often accompanied with social rejection by peers, which accentuates the course of that emotion. Despite the documented association between anger and depression, little is known about the impact of the interaction of both emotions on peer relations. The main objective of this study is to explore the interpersonal implications of depression with comorbid anger in a pediatric sample. The sample consisted of 466 participants; the mean age was 11.45 (SD = 1.55). There were 231 females (49.6 %) and 235 males (50.4 %). ANOVAs revealed significant differences between boys and girls in depression, aggression, anger experience/explosive anger and internalized responses to anger. There were no significant differences between the correlations computed with the data from boys and girls for the hypothesized associations among anger, aggression, depression, and peer acceptance/rejection. Both Anger-Out and Depression were significantly associated with perceived unpopularity. Additionally, the interaction of Anger-Out and Depression added significantly to the prediction of perceived unpopularity.
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Dysphoria is associated with reduced cardiac vagal withdrawal during the imagery of pleasant scripts: Evidence for the positive attenuation hypothesis. Biol Psychol 2015; 106:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hankin BL, Wetter EK, Flory K. Appetitive motivation and negative emotion reactivity among remitted depressed youth. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 41:611-20. [PMID: 22901275 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2012.710162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression has been characterized as involving altered appetitive motivation and emotional reactivity. Yet no study has examined objective indices of emotional reactivity when the appetitive/approach system is suppressed in response to failure to attain a self-relevant goal and desired reward. Three groups of youth (N = 98, ages 9-15; remitted depressed, n = 34; externalizing disordered without depression, n = 30; and healthy controls, n = 34) participated in a novel reward striving task designed to activate the appetitive/approach motivation system. Objective facial expressions of emotion were videotaped and coded throughout both failure (i.e., nonreward) and control (success and reward) conditions. Observational coding of facial expressions as well as youths' subjective emotion reports showed that the remitted depressed youth specifically exhibited more negative emotional reactivity to failure in the reward striving task, but not the control condition. Neither externalizing disordered (i.e., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and/or oppositional defiant disorder) nor control youth displayed greater negative emotional reactivity in either the failure or control condition. Findings suggest that depression among youth is related to dysregulated appetitive motivation and associated negative emotional reactivity after failing to achieve an important, self-relevant goal and not attaining reward. These deficits in reward processing appear to be specific to depression as externalizing disordered youth did not display negative emotional reactivity to failure after their appetitive motivation system was activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Hankin
- Department of Psychology , University of Denver, Frontier Hall,2155 South Race Street, Denver CO 80208, USA.
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Marx BP, Bovin MJ, Suvak MK, Monson CM, Sloan DM, Fredman SJ, Humphreys KL, Kaloupek DG, Keane TM. Concordance between physiological arousal and subjective distress among Vietnam combat veterans undergoing challenge testing for PTSD. J Trauma Stress 2012; 25:416-25. [PMID: 22848013 DOI: 10.1002/jts.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study examined concordance between physiological arousal and subjective distress during a laboratory challenge task. Data were collected during the multisite VA Cooperative Study 334 in the early 1990s examining psychophysiological arousal among combat-exposed Vietnam veterans with (n = 775) and without (n = 369) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Study participants were presented with 6 standardized neutral scenes and 6 standardized combat scenes. Participants provided a subjective rating of distress after each slide. During the presentation, levels of heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) were recorded. Using linear mixed effects modeling, both HR level and SC level exhibited significant positive associations with subjective distress ratings (pr = .33, p < .001 and pr = .19, p < .001, respectively). Individuals with PTSD demonstrated greater concordance between their distress ratings and SC level during exposure to combat slides than participants without PTSD (pr = .28, p < .001 vs. pr = .18, p < .001). Although a significant association was found between subjective distress and HR reactivity and SC reactivity, these findings were not moderated by PTSD status. The results of these analyses suggest that patients' reports of distress during exposure-based treatments might serve as approximate measures of actual physiological arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Marx
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
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Jackson J, Kuppens P, Sheeber LB, Allen NB. Expression of anger in depressed adolescents: the role of the family environment. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 39:463-74. [PMID: 21128109 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-010-9473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The expression of anger is considered to be abnormal in depression, yet its role is only poorly understood. In the present study we sought to clarify this role by examining the moderating influence of the family environment on overall levels of anger expression and anger reactivity in depressed and non-depressed adolescents during conflictual interactions with their parents. One hundred and forty one depressed and non-depressed adolescent participants engaged in a problem-solving task with their parents during which their behavioral expression of anger and heart rate were recorded. The results demonstrate that general levels of parental anger in the family environment (as indicated by the overall level of expressed anger by the parents during the interactions) strongly moderates how depressed differ from non-depressed adolescents in terms of their anger, heart rate and reactivity. Overall, the findings suggest that in depressed adolescents anger is much less adaptively attuned to the environment, consistent with models that predict dysfunction in the regulation of anger that prevents depressed individuals responding adaptively to their social environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jackson
- ORYGEN Youth Health Research Centre and Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Borelli JL, Sbarra DA, Crowley MJ, Mayes LC. Mood symptoms and emotional responsiveness to threat in school-aged children. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 40:220-32. [PMID: 21391019 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2011.546047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical accounts of depression underscore its relation to negative emotional experiences; yet few empirical studies examine emotional experiences in adults with depression, with even less work on depression and emotion in children. Using a nonclinical sample of school-aged children (n = 89) ages 8 to 12, this study evaluated whether greater mood symptoms were associated with more or less intense emotional reactions (measured via psychophysiology, subjective report, and behavior) in response to a threat paradigm. Results indicated that greater negative mood symptoms were associated with larger startle magnitude responses during threat, increased self-reports of negative emotion, and greater likelihood of crying and stopping the paradigm prematurely.
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Brück C, Kreifelts B, Kaza E, Lotze M, Wildgruber D. Impact of personality on the cerebral processing of emotional prosody. Neuroimage 2011; 58:259-68. [PMID: 21689767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While several studies have focused on identifying common brain mechanisms governing the decoding of emotional speech melody, interindividual variations in the cerebral processing of prosodic information, in comparison, have received only little attention to date: Albeit, for instance, differences in personality among individuals have been shown to modulate emotional brain responses, personality influences on the neural basis of prosody decoding have not been investigated systematically yet. Thus, the present study aimed at delineating relationships between interindividual differences in personality and hemodynamic responses evoked by emotional speech melody. To determine personality-dependent modulations of brain reactivity, fMRI activation patterns during the processing of emotional speech cues were acquired from 24 healthy volunteers and subsequently correlated with individual trait measures of extraversion and neuroticism obtained for each participant. Whereas correlation analysis did not indicate any link between brain activation and extraversion, strong positive correlations between measures of neuroticism and hemodynamic responses of the right amygdala, the left postcentral gyrus as well as medial frontal structures including the right anterior cingulate cortex emerged, suggesting that brain mechanisms mediating the decoding of emotional speech melody may vary depending on differences in neuroticism among individuals. Observed trait-specific modulations are discussed in the light of processing biases as well as differences in emotion control or task strategies which may be associated with the personality trait of neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Brück
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Individual differences in depressive symptoms are associated with impaired incentive, but not aversive motivation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Treadway MT, Zald DH. Reconsidering anhedonia in depression: lessons from translational neuroscience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 35:537-55. [PMID: 20603146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 942] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), the neurobiological mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Despite decades of speculation regarding the role of dopamine (DA) in anhedonic symptoms, empirical evidence has remained elusive, with frequent reports of contradictory findings. In the present review, we argue that this has resulted from an underspecified definition of anhedonia, which has failed to dissociate between consummatory and motivational aspects of reward behavior. Given substantial preclinical evidence that DA is involved primarily in motivational aspects of reward, we suggest that a refined definition of anhedonia that distinguishes between deficits in pleasure and motivation is essential for the purposes of identifying its neurobiological substrates. Moreover, bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical models of anhedonia may require moving away from the conceptualization of anhedonia as a steady-state, mood-like phenomena. Consequently, we introduce the term "decisional anhedonia" to address the influence of anhedonia on reward decision-making. These proposed modifications to the theoretical definition of anhedonia have implications for research, assessment and treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Treadway
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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Cuellar AK, Johnson SL. Depressive Symptoms and Affective Reactivity to Maternal Praise and Criticism. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2009.28.9.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mardaga S, Hansenne M. Autonomic aspect of emotional response in depressed patients: Relationships with personality. Neurophysiol Clin 2009; 39:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Bylsma LM, Morris BH, Rottenberg J. A meta-analysis of emotional reactivity in major depressive disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 2008; 28:676-91. [PMID: 18006196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Revised: 09/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Bylsma
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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Sigmon ST, Pells JJ, Schartel JG, Hermann BA, Edenfield TM, LaMattina SM, Boulard NE, Whitcomb-Smith SR. Stress reactivity and coping in seasonal and nonseasonal depression. Behav Res Ther 2007; 45:965-75. [PMID: 17027911 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress, stress reactivity, and coping skill use were examined in individuals with seasonal depression, nonseasonal depression, and nondepressed controls. Although participants in the two depressed groups reported using more avoidance coping strategies than controls, only participants in the seasonal depressed group reported using more season-specific coping (i.e., light-related strategies) than participants in the nonseasonal depressed and control groups. Individuals in the seasonal depressed group also reporting using acceptance coping strategies less frequently than individuals in the control group. Only participants in the nonseasonal depressed group, however, exhibited greater psychophysiological arousal in reaction to a laboratory stressor (i.e., unsolvable anagram task) when compared to participants in the seasonal and nondepressed control groups. Participants in both depressed groups reported greater impact of negative life events during the past 6 months than did controls. Similarities and differences in the two types of depression may have implications for the conceptualization and treatment of seasonal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Sigmon
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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Seasonal Reactivity: Attentional Bias and Psychophysiological Arousal in Seasonal and Nonseasonal Depression. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-006-9029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rottenberg J, Gross JJ, Gotlib IH. Emotion Context Insensitivity in Major Depressive Disorder. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005; 114:627-39. [PMID: 16351385 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested 3 competing views of how depression alters emotional reactivity: positive attenuation (reduced positive), negative potentiation (increased negative), and emotion context insensitivity (ECI; reduced positive and negative). Normative and idiographic stimuli that elicited happy, sad, and neutral states were presented to currently depressed, formerly depressed, and healthy control individuals while experiential, behavioral, and autonomic responses were measured. Currently depressed individuals reported less sadness reactivity and less happiness experience across all conditions than did the other participants, and they exhibited a more dysphoric response to idiographic than to normative stimuli. Overall, data provide partial support for the positive attenuation and ECI views. Depression may produce mood-state-dependent changes in emotional reactivity that are most pronounced in emotion experience reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rottenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-7200, USA.
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Rohan KJ, Sigmon ST, Dorhofer DM. Cognitive-behavioral factors in seasonal affective disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 2003; 71:22-30. [PMID: 12602422 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.71.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To longitudinally examine cognitive-behavioral correlates of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), the authors assessed women with a history of SAD and nondepressed, matched controls across fall, winter, and summer. SAD history participants reported more automatic negative thoughts throughout the year than controls and demonstrated a progression from decreased activity enjoyment during fall to reduced activity frequency during winter. Ruminative response style, measured in fall, predicted symptom severity during the winter. Across assessments, SAD history women endorsed greater depressive affect in response to low light intensity stimuli than to bright or ambiguous intensity stimuli, but less depressed mood to bright light stimuli than controls. These results suggest that the cognitive-behavioral factors related to nonseasonal depression may play a role in SAD.
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Sigmon ST, Hotovy LA, Trask PC. Coping and sensitivity to aversive events. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02229113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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