1
|
Kotov R, Carpenter WT, Cicero DC, Correll CU, Martin EA, Young JW, Zald DH, Jonas KG. Psychosis superspectrum II: neurobiology, treatment, and implications. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02410-1. [PMID: 38351173 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Alternatives to traditional categorical diagnoses have been proposed to improve the validity and utility of psychiatric nosology. This paper continues the companion review of an alternative model, the psychosis superspectrum of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The superspectrum model aims to describe psychosis-related psychopathology according to data on distributions and associations among signs and symptoms. The superspectrum includes psychoticism and detachment spectra as well as narrow subdimensions within them. Auxiliary domains of cognitive deficit and functional impairment complete the psychopathology profile. The current paper reviews evidence on this model from neurobiology, treatment response, clinical utility, and measure development. Neurobiology research suggests that psychopathology included in the superspectrum shows similar patterns of neural alterations. Treatment response often mirrors the hierarchy of the superspectrum with some treatments being efficacious for psychoticism, others for detachment, and others for a specific subdimension. Compared to traditional diagnostic systems, the quantitative nosology shows an approximately 2-fold increase in reliability, explanatory power, and prognostic accuracy. Clinicians consistently report that the quantitative nosology has more utility than traditional diagnoses, but studies of patients with frank psychosis are currently lacking. Validated measures are available to implement the superspectrum model in practice. The dimensional conceptualization of psychosis-related psychopathology has implications for research, clinical practice, and public health programs. For example, it encourages use of the cohort study design (rather than case-control), transdiagnostic treatment strategies, and selective prevention based on subclinical symptoms. These approaches are already used in the field, and the superspectrum provides further impetus and guidance for their implementation. Existing knowledge on this model is substantial, but significant gaps remain. We identify outstanding questions and propose testable hypotheses to guide further research. Overall, we predict that the more informative, reliable, and valid characterization of psychopathology offered by the superspectrum model will facilitate progress in research and clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | | | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Castrellon JJ, Zald DH, Samanez-Larkin GR, Seaman KL. Adult age-related differences in susceptibility to social conformity pressures in self-control over daily desires. Psychol Aging 2024; 39:102-112. [PMID: 38059928 PMCID: PMC10922454 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Developmental literature suggests that susceptibility to social conformity pressure peaks in adolescence and disappears with maturity into early adulthood. Predictions about these behaviors are less clear for middle-aged and older adults. On the one hand, while age-related increases in prioritization of socioemotional goals might predict greater susceptibility to social conformity pressures, aging is also associated with enhanced emotion regulation that could support resistance to conformity pressures. In this exploratory research study, we used mobile experience sampling surveys to naturalistically track how 157 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 80 practice self-control over spontaneous desires in daily life. Many of these desires were experienced in the presence of others enacting that desire. Results showed that middle-aged and older adults were better at controlling their desires than younger adults when desires were experienced in the presence of others enacting that desire. Consistent with the literature on improved emotion regulation with age, these results provide evidence that the ability to resist social conformity pressure is enhanced across the adult life span. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David H. Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Gregory R. Samanez-Larkin
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Kendra L. Seaman
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stark AJ, Song AK, Petersen KJ, Hay KR, Lin YC, Trujillo P, Kang H, Collazzo JM, Donahue MJ, Zald DH, Claassen DO. Accentuated Paralimbic and Reduced Mesolimbic D 2/3-Impulsivity Associations in Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8733-8743. [PMID: 37852792 PMCID: PMC10727183 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1037-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a behavioral trait that is elevated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Parkinson's disease (PD) patients can exhibit a specific pattern of reward-seeking impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs), as well as more subtle changes to generalized trait impulsivity. Prior studies in healthy controls (HCs) suggest that trait impulsivity is regulated by D2/3 autoreceptors in mesocorticolimbic circuits. While altered D2/3 binding is noted in ICB+ PD patients, there is limited prior assessment of the trait impulsivity-D2/3 relationship in PD, and no prior direct comparison with patterns in HCs. We examined 54 PD (36 M; 18 F) and 31 sex- and age-matched HC (21 M; 10 F) subjects using [18F]fallypride, a high-affinity D2/3 receptor ligand, to measure striatal and extrastriatal D2/3 nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND). Subcortical and cortical assessment exclusively used ROI or exploratory-voxelwise methods, respectively. All completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, a measure of trait impulsivity. Subcortical ROI analyses indicated a negative relationship between trait impulsivity and D2/3 BPND in the ventral striatum and amygdala of HCs but not in PD. By contrast, voxelwise methods demonstrated a positive trait impulsivity-D2/3 BPND correlation in ventral frontal olfactocentric-paralimbic cortex of subjects with PD but not HCs. Subscale analysis also highlighted different aspects of impulsivity, with significant interactions between group and motor impulsivity in the ventral striatum, and attentional impulsivity in the amygdala and frontal paralimbic cortex. These results suggest that dopamine functioning in distinct regions of the mesocorticolimbic circuit influence aspects of impulsivity, with the relative importance of regional dopamine functions shifting in the neuropharmacological context of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The biological determinants of impulsivity have broad clinical relevance, from addiction to neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we address biomolecular distinctions in Parkinson's disease. This is the first study to evaluate a large cohort of Parkinson's disease patients and age-matched healthy controls with a measure of trait impulsivity and concurrent [18F]fallypride PET, a method that allows quantification of D2/3 receptors throughout the mesocorticolimbic network. We demonstrate widespread differences in the trait impulsivity-dopamine relationship, including (1) loss of subcortical relationships present in the healthy brain and (2) emergence of a new relationship in a limbic cortical area. This illustrates the loss of mechanisms of behavioral regulation present in the healthy brain while suggesting a potential compensatory response and target for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Stark
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Alexander K Song
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kalen J Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63310
| | - Kaitlyn R Hay
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ya-Chen Lin
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Paula Trujillo
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jenna M Collazzo
- School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08901
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zald DH. The influence of dopamine autoreceptors on temperament and addiction risk. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105456. [PMID: 37926241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
As a major regulator of dopamine (DA), DA autoreceptors (DAARs) exert substantial influence over DA-mediated behaviors. This paper reviews the physiological and behavioral impact of DAARs. Individual differences in DAAR functioning influences temperamental traits such as novelty responsivity and impulsivity, both of which are associated with vulnerability to addictive behavior in animal models and a broad array of externalizing behaviors in humans. DAARs additionally impact the response to psychostimulants and other drugs of abuse. Human PET studies of D2-like receptors in the midbrain provide evidence for parallels to the animal literature. These data lead to the proposal that weak DAAR regulation is a risk factor for addiction and externalizing problems. The review highlights the potential to build translational models of the functional role of DAARs in behavior. It also draws attention to key limitations in the current literature that would need to be addressed to further advance a weak DAAR regulation model of addiction and externalizing risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Zald
- Center for Advanced Human Brain Imaging and Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Phan TX, Reeder JE, Keener LC, Considine CM, Zald DH, Claassen DO, Darby RR. Measuring Antisocial Behaviors in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia With a Novel Informant-Based Questionnaire. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 35:374-384. [PMID: 37415501 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20220135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antisocial behaviors are common and problematic among patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). In the present study, the investigators aimed to validate an informant-based questionnaire developed to measure the extent and severity of antisocial behaviors among patients with dementia. METHODS The Social Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) was developed to measure 26 antisocial behaviors on a scale from absent (0) to very severe (5). It was administered to 23 patients with bvFTD, 19 patients with Alzheimer's disease, and 14 patients with other frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes. Group-level differences in the presence and severity of antisocial behaviors were measured. Psychometric properties of the SBQ were assessed by using Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis, and comparisons with a psychopathy questionnaire. Cluster analysis was used to determine whether the SBQ identifies different subgroups of patients. RESULTS Antisocial behaviors identified by using the SBQ were common and severe among patients with bvFTD, with at least one such behavior endorsed for 21 of 23 (91%) patients. Antisocial behaviors were more severe among patients with bvFTD, including the subsets of patients with milder cognitive impairment and milder disease severity, than among patients in the other groups. The SBQ was internally consistent (Cronbach's α=0.81). Exploratory factor analysis supported separate factors for aggressive and nonaggressive behaviors. Among the patients with bvFTD, the factor scores for aggressive behavior on the SBQ were correlated with those for antisocial behavior measured on the psychopathy scale, but the nonaggressive scores were not correlated with psychopathy scale measures. The k-means clustering analysis identified a subset of patients with severe antisocial behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The SBQ is a useful tool to identify, characterize, and measure the severity of antisocial behaviors among patients with dementia.
Collapse
|
6
|
Watts AL, Latzman RD, Boness CL, Kotov R, Keyser-Marcus L, DeYoung CG, Krueger RF, Zald DH, Moeller FG, Ramey T. New approaches to deep phenotyping in addictions. Psychol Addict Behav 2023; 37:361-375. [PMID: 36174150 PMCID: PMC10050231 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The causes of substance use disorders (SUDs) are largely unknown and the effectiveness of their treatments is limited. One crucial impediment to research and treatment progress surrounds how SUDs are classified and diagnosed. Given the substantial heterogeneity among individuals diagnosed with a given SUD (e.g., alcohol use disorder [AUD]), identifying novel research and treatment targets and developing new study designs is daunting. METHOD In this article, we review and integrate two recently developed frameworks, the National Institute on Drug Abuse's Phenotyping Assessment Battery (NIDA PhAB) and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), that hope to accelerate progress in understanding the causes and consequences of psychopathology by means of deep phenotyping, or finer-grained analysis of phenotypes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS NIDA PhAB focuses on addiction-related processes across multiple units of analysis, whereas HiTOP focuses on clinical phenotypes and covers a broader range of psychopathology. We highlight that NIDA PhAB and HiTOP together provide deep and broad characterizations of people diagnosed with SUDs and complement each other in their efforts to address widely known limitations of traditional classification systems and their diagnostic categories. Next, we show how NIDA PhAB and HiTOP can be integrated to facilitate optimal rich phenotyping of addiction-related phenomena. Finally, we argue that such deep phenotyping promises to advance our understanding of the neurobiology of SUD and addiction, which will guide the development of personalized medicine and interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Watts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | | | - Cassandra L Boness
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University
| | | | | | | | - David H Zald
- Center for Advanced Human Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bao S, Boyd BD, Kanakaraj P, Ramadass K, Meyer FAC, Liu Y, Duett WE, Huo Y, Lyu I, Zald DH, Smith SA, Rogers BP, Landman BA. Integrating the BIDS Neuroimaging Data Format and Workflow Optimization for Large-Scale Medical Image Analysis. J Digit Imaging 2022; 35:1576-1589. [PMID: 35922700 PMCID: PMC9712842 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-022-00679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A robust medical image computing infrastructure must host massive multimodal archives, perform extensive analysis pipelines, and execute scalable job management. An emerging data format standard, the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS), introduces complexities for interfacing with XNAT archives. Moreover, workflow integration is combinatorically problematic when matching large amount of processing to large datasets. Historically, workflow engines have been focused on refining workflows themselves instead of actual job generation. However, such an approach is incompatible with data centric architecture that hosts heterogeneous medical image computing. Distributed automation for XNAT toolkit (DAX) provides large-scale image storage and analysis pipelines with an optimized job management tool. Herein, we describe developments for DAX that allows for integration of XNAT and BIDS standards. We also improve DAX's efficiencies of diverse containerized workflows in a high-performance computing (HPC) environment. Briefly, we integrate YAML configuration processor scripts to abstract workflow data inputs, data outputs, commands, and job attributes. Finally, we propose an online database-driven mechanism for DAX to efficiently identify the most recent updated sessions, thereby improving job building efficiency on large projects. We refer the proposed overall DAX development in this work as DAX-1 (DAX version 1). To validate the effectiveness of the new features, we verified (1) the efficiency of converting XNAT data to BIDS format and the correctness of the conversion using a collection of BIDS standard containerized neuroimaging workflows, (2) how YAML-based processor simplified configuration setup via a sequence of application pipelines, and (3) the productivity of DAX-1 on generating actual HPC processing jobs compared with earlier DAX baseline method. The empirical results show that (1) DAX-1 converting XNAT data to BIDS has similar speed as accessing XNAT data only; (2) YAML can integrate to the DAX-1 with shallow learning curve for users, and (3) DAX-1 reduced the job/assessor generation latency by finding recent modified sessions. Herein, we present approaches for efficiently integrating XNAT and modern image formats with a scalable workflow engine for the large-scale dataset access and processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunxing Bao
- Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Brian D. Boyd
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | | | | | | | - Yuqian Liu
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - William E. Duett
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Yuankai Huo
- Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Ilwoo Lyu
- Computer Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - David H. Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Seth A. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Baxter P. Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Bennett A. Landman
- Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song AK, Hay KR, Trujillo P, Aumann M, Stark AJ, Yan Y, Kang H, Donahue MJ, Zald DH, Claassen DO. Amphetamine-induced dopamine release and impulsivity in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2022; 145:3488-3499. [PMID: 34951464 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsive-compulsive behaviours manifest in a substantial proportion of subjects with Parkinson's disease. Reduced ventral striatum dopamine receptor availability, and increased dopamine release is noted in patients with these symptoms. Prior studies of impulsivity suggest that midbrain D2 autoreceptors regulate striatal dopamine release in a feedback inhibitory manner, and in healthy populations, greater impulsivity is linked to poor proficiency of this inhibition. This has not been assessed in a Parkinson's disease population. Here, we applied 18F-fallypride PET studies to assess striatal and extrastriatal D2-like receptor uptake in a placebo-controlled oral dextroamphetamine sequence. We hypothesized that Parkinson's disease patients with impulsive-compulsive behaviours would have greater ventral striatal dopaminergic response to dextroamphetamine, and that an inability to attenuate ventral striatal dopamine release via midbrain D2 autoreceptors would underlie this response. Twenty patients with Parkinson's disease (mean age = 64.1 ± 5.8 years) both with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) impulsive-compulsive behaviours, participated in a single-blind dextroamphetamine challenge (oral; 0.43 mg/kg) in an OFF dopamine state. All completed PET imaging with 18F-fallypride, a high-affinity D2-like receptor ligand, in the placebo and dextroamphetamine state. Both voxelwise and region of interest analyses revealed dextroamphetamine-induced endogenous dopamine release localized to the ventral striatum, and the caudal-medial orbitofrontal cortex. The endogenous dopamine release observed in the ventral striatum correlated positively with patient-reported participation in reward-based behaviours, as quantified by the self-reported Questionnaire for Impulsivity in Parkinson's disease Rating Scale. In participants without impulsive-compulsive behaviours, baseline midbrain D2 receptor availability negatively correlated with ventral striatal dopamine release; however, this relationship was absent in those with impulsive-compulsive behaviours. These findings emphasize that reward-based behaviours in Parkinson's disease are regulated by ventral striatal dopamine release, and suggest that loss of inhibitory feedback from midbrain autoreceptors may underlie the manifestation of impulsive-compulsive behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Song
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kaitlyn R Hay
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paula Trujillo
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Megan Aumann
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Adam J Stark
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Keefe JM, Zald DH. "Emotional distractor images disrupt target processing in a graded manner": Correction. Emotion 2022; 22:981. [PMID: 35617262 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reports an error in "Emotional distractor images disrupt target processing in a graded manner" by Jonathan M. Keefe and David H. Zald (Emotion, Advanced Online Publication, Aug 27, 2020, np). In the article "Emotional Distractor Images Disrupt Target Processing in a Graded Manner" by Jonathan M. Keefe and David H. Zald (Emotion, advance online publication, August 27, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000893), there were errors in the reporting of nonresponse rate and accuracy data. Nonresponse rate was underreported for the data in the Lag 2 condition, resulting in incorrect analysis of variance values for this portion of the Results section as well as incorrect Lag 2 t-test values in Table 1 and incorrect Lag 2 values in Figure 2A. Additionally, error bars for the accuracy data in Figure 2B were mistakenly calculated with data including excluded trials, resulting in larger estimates of standard error of the mean. These corrections do not affect the interpretation of any inferential statistics and in fact increased the effect of lag and distractor valence upon both of these measures. Therefore, no conclusions of the study are altered. All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-63434-001). The emotional attentional blink (EAB), also referred to as emotion-induced blindness, refers to a transient impairment in the ability to discriminate a single target when it is presented closely in time to an emotional distractor. Although the EAB has typically been characterized as representing a complete loss of target information due to attentional capture by the emotional distractors, it is unclear whether the impact of the emotional distractor is in fact discrete or graded. Here, we tested whether the emotional distractor of the EAB interfered with target processing in a continuous or all-or-none manner by measuring changes in both reaction time (RT) and target-vividness ratings in addition to target-discrimination accuracy. Rapid sequences of landscape images were presented centrally, and participants reported the orientation of a ± 90° rotated target as quickly and accurately as possible. Replicating the classic EAB phenomenon, we found a strong impairment in target discrimination when an emotional distractor shortly preceded the target, and we also found a moderate impairment when the target preceded an emotional distractor. This decrement in accuracy at short lags was accompanied by increases in RT to the target as well as lower ratings of subjective target vividness even when the target was detected, indicating that emotional distractors impacted target processing in a lag-dependent, graded manner. We argue that these results are consistent with an interactive race model of the competition between stimulus representations in the conflict between top-down and bottom-up attentional mechanisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
10
|
Olatunji BO, Liu Q, Zald DH, Cole DA. Emotional induced attentional blink in trauma-exposed veterans: associations with trauma specific and nonspecific symptoms. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 87:102541. [PMID: 35121157 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although theoretical models suggest that an attentional bias for threat contributes to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, this bias has not been consistently observed in the literature. In the present study, trauma exposed veterans (N = 114) performed an emotional attentional blink task in which task-irrelevant combat-related, disgust, positive, or neutral distractor images appeared 200 ms, 400 ms, 600 ms, or 800 ms (i.e., lag 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively) before the target. Relative to neutral distractors, impaired target detection was observed following combat distractors and disgust distractors, but not positive distractors. However, veterans were less accurate following disgust distractors compared to combat distractors. As predicted, combat distractors and disgust distractors were also associated with a stronger linear increase in trial accuracy reflecting task improvement with increasing lag before the target. However, the linear trend in trial accuracy for combat distractors and disgust distractors did not significantly differ from each other. Contrary to predictions, trauma specific (i.e., PTSD symptoms and diagnosis) and nonspecific processes (i.e., attentional control) were unrelated to trial accuracy. These data suggest that while initial attentional capture by cues of war is observed among trauma exposed veterans independent of individual differences in trauma specific and nonspecific symptoms, this attentional capture is less robust compared to attentional capture by disgust-eliciting stimuli. The implications of these findings for the theorized role of attentional biases for threat in the development and maintenance of PTSD are discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mann LG, Hay KR, Song AK, Errington SP, Trujillo P, Zald DH, Yan Y, Kang H, Logan GD, Claassen DO. D 2-Like Receptor Expression in the Hippocampus and Amygdala Informs Performance on the Stop-Signal Task in Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2021; 41:10023-10030. [PMID: 34750225 PMCID: PMC8638685 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0968-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The stop-signal task is a well-established assessment of response inhibition, and in humans, proficiency is linked to dorsal striatum D2 receptor availability. Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by changes to efficiency of response inhibition. Here, we studied 17 PD patients (6 female and 11 male) using the stop-signal paradigm in a single-blinded d-amphetamine (dAMPH) study. Participants completed [18F]fallypride positron emission topography (PET) imaging in both placebo and dAMPH conditions. A voxel-wise analysis of the relationship between binding potential (BPND) and stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) revealed that faster SSRT is associated with greater D2-like BPND in the amygdala and hippocampus (right cluster qFDR-corr = 0.026, left cluster qFDR-corr = 0.002). A region of interest (ROI) examination confirmed this association in both the amygdala (coefficient = -48.26, p = 0.005) and hippocampus (coefficient = -104.94, p = 0.007). As healthy dopaminergic systems in the dorsal striatum appear to regulate response inhibition, we interpret our findings in PD to indicate either nigrostriatal damage unmasking a mesolimbic contribution to response inhibition, or a compensatory adaptation from the limbic and mesial temporal dopamine systems. These novel results expand the conceptualization of action-control networks, whereby limbic and motor loops may be functionally connected.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT While Parkinson's disease (PD) is characteristically recognized for its motor symptoms, some patients develop impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs), manifested as repetitive and excessive participation in reward-driven activities, including sex, gambling, shopping, eating, and hobbyism. Such cognitive alterations compel a consideration of response inhibition in PD. To investigate inhibitory control and assess the brain regions that may participate, we assessed PD patients using a single-blinded d-amphetamine (dAMPH) study, with [18F]fallypride positron emission topography (PET) imaging, and stop-signal task performance. We find a negative relationship between D2-like binding in the mesial temporal region and top-signal reaction time (SSRT), with greater BPND associated with a faster SSRT. These discoveries indicate a novel role for mesolimbic dopamine in response inhibition, and advocate for limbic regulation of action control in this clinical population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah G Mann
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kaitlyn R Hay
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Alexander K Song
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Steven P Errington
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - Paula Trujillo
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203
| | - Gordon D Logan
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Perkins ER, Joyner KJ, Patrick CJ, Bartholow BD, Latzman RD, DeYoung CG, Kotov R, Reininghaus U, Cooper SE, Afzali MH, Docherty AR, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Goghari VM, Haltigan JD, Krueger RF, Martin EA, Michelini G, Ruocco AC, Tackett JL, Venables NC, Waldman ID, Zald DH. Neurobiology and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology: progress toward ontogenetically informed and clinically useful nosology
. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2021; 22:51-63. [PMID: 32699505 PMCID: PMC7365294 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2020.22.1/eperkins] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical structural
model of psychological symptoms formulated to improve the reliability and
validity of clinical assessment. Neurobiology can inform assessments of early
risk and intervention strategies, and the HiTOP model has greater potential to
interface with neurobiological measures than traditional categorical diagnoses
given its enhanced reliability. However, one complication is that observed
biological correlates of clinical symptoms can reflect various factors, ranging
from dispositional risk to consequences of psychopathology. In this paper, we
argue that the HiTOP model provides an optimized framework for conducting
research on the biological correlates of psychopathology from an ontogenetic
perspective that distinguishes among indicators of liability, current symptoms,
and consequences of illness. Through this approach, neurobiological research can
contribute more effectively to identifying individuals at high dispositional
risk, indexing treatment-related gains, and monitoring the consequences of
mental illness, consistent with the aims of the HiTOP framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Perkins
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, US. Authors contributed equally to manuscript
| | - Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, US. Authors contributed equally to manuscript
| | | | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, US
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, US
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, US
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel E Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, US
| | | | - Anna R Docherty
- DDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, US
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate - West, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Joint Base Lewis-McCord, Washington, US
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, US
| | - Vina M Goghari
- Department of Psychology and Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Haltigan
- DDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert F Krueger
- DDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- DDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, US
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, US
| | - Anthony C Ruocco
- Department of Psychology and Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Tackett
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, US
| | - Noah C Venables
- DMinneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, US
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, US
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hansen CB, Yang Q, Lyu I, Rheault F, Kerley C, Chandio BQ, Fadnavis S, Williams O, Shafer AT, Resnick SM, Zald DH, Cutting LE, Taylor WD, Boyd B, Garyfallidis E, Anderson AW, Descoteaux M, Landman BA, Schilling KG. Pandora: 4-D White Matter Bundle Population-Based Atlases Derived from Diffusion MRI Fiber Tractography. Neuroinformatics 2021; 19:447-460. [PMID: 33196967 PMCID: PMC8124084 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-020-09497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain atlases have proven to be valuable neuroscience tools for localizing regions of interest and performing statistical inferences on populations. Although many human brain atlases exist, most do not contain information about white matter structures, often neglecting them completely or labelling all white matter as a single homogenous substrate. While few white matter atlases do exist based on diffusion MRI fiber tractography, they are often limited to descriptions of white matter as spatially separate "regions" rather than as white matter "bundles" or fascicles, which are well-known to overlap throughout the brain. Additional limitations include small sample sizes, few white matter pathways, and the use of outdated diffusion models and techniques. Here, we present a new population-based collection of white matter atlases represented in both volumetric and surface coordinates in a standard space. These atlases are based on 2443 subjects, and include 216 white matter bundles derived from 6 different automated state-of-the-art tractography techniques. This atlas is freely available and will be a useful resource for parcellation and segmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin B Hansen
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ilwoo Lyu
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Francois Rheault
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Cailey Kerley
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bramsh Qamar Chandio
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Shreyas Fadnavis
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Owen Williams
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea T Shafer
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Center for Advanced Human Brain Imaging Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Laurie E Cutting
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brian Boyd
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eleftherios Garyfallidis
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program of Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Adam W Anderson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kurt G Schilling
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Krueger RF, Hobbs KA, Conway CC, Dick DM, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Keyes KM, Latzman RD, Michelini G, Patrick CJ, Sellbom M, Slade T, South S, Sunderland M, Tackett J, Waldman I, Waszczuk MA, Wright AG, Zald DH, Watson D, Kotov R. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): II. Externalizing superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2021; 20:171-193. [PMID: 34002506 PMCID: PMC8129870 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical effort to address limitations of traditional mental disorder diagnoses. These include arbitrary boundaries between disorder and normality, disorder co-occurrence in the modal case, heterogeneity of presentation within dis-orders, and instability of diagnosis within patients. This paper reviews the evidence on the validity and utility of the disinhibited externalizing and antagonistic externalizing spectra of HiTOP, which together constitute a broad externalizing superspectrum. These spectra are composed of elements subsumed within a variety of mental disorders described in recent DSM nosologies, including most notably substance use disorders and "Cluster B" personality disorders. The externalizing superspectrum ranges from normative levels of impulse control and self-assertion, to maladaptive disinhibition and antagonism, to extensive polysubstance involvement and personality psychopathology. A rich literature supports the validity of the externalizing superspectrum, and the disinhibited and antagonistic spectra. This evidence encompasses common genetic influences, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, and treatment response. The structure of these validators mirrors the structure of the phenotypic externalizing superspectrum, with some correlates more specific to disinhibited or antagonistic spectra, and others relevant to the entire externalizing superspectrum, underlining the hierarchical structure of the domain. Compared with traditional diagnostic categories, the externalizing superspectrum conceptualization shows improved utility, reliability, explanatory capacity, and clinical applicability. The externalizing superspectrum is one aspect of the general approach to psychopathology offered by HiTOP and can make diagnostic classification more useful in both research and the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey A. Hobbs
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | | | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of PsychologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Michael N. Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate ‐ WestWalter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis‐McChordWAUSA
| | | | - Miriam K. Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of PsychologyMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance UseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance UseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of PsychologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | | | | | - David H. Zald
- Department of PsychologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - David Watson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Burr DA, Castrellon JJ, Zald DH, Samanez-Larkin GR. Emotion dynamics across adulthood in everyday life: Older adults are more emotionally stable and better at regulating desires. Emotion 2021; 21:453-464. [PMID: 32191090 PMCID: PMC8267403 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Older adults report experiencing improved emotional health, such as more intense positive affect and less intense negative affect. However, there are mixed findings on whether older adults are better at regulating emotion-a hallmark feature of emotional health-and most research is based on laboratory studies that may not capture how people regulate their emotions in everyday life. We used experience sampling to examine how multiple measures of emotional health, including mean affect, dynamic fluctuations between affective states and the ability to resist desires-a common form of emotion regulation-differ in daily life across adulthood. Participants (N = 122, ages 20-80) reported how they were feeling and responding to desire temptations for 10 days. Older adults experienced more intense positive affect, less intense negative affect, and were more emotionally stable, even after controlling for individual differences in global life satisfaction. Older adults were more successful at regulating desires, even though they experienced more intense desires than younger adults. In addition, adults in general experiencing more intense affect were less successful at resisting desires. These results demonstrate how emotional experience is related to more successful desire regulation in everyday life and provide unique evidence that emotional health and regulation improve with age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
There is an ongoing revolution in psychology and psychiatry that will likely change how we conceptualize, study and treat psychological problems.- Many theorists now support viewing psychopathology as consisting of continuous dimensions rather than discrete diagnostic categories. Indeed, recent papers have proposed comprehensive taxonomies of psychopathology dimensions to replace the DSM and ICD taxonomies of categories. The proposed dimensional taxonomies, which portray psychopathology as hierarchically organized correlated dimensions, are now well supported at phenotypic levels. Multiple studies show that both a general factor of psychopathology at the top of the hierarchy and specific factors at lower levels predict different functional outcomes. Our analyses of data on a large representative sample of child and adolescent twins suggested the causal hypothesis that phenotypic correlations among dimensions of psychopathology are the result of many familial influences being pleiotropic. That is, most genetic variants and shared environmental factors are hypothesized to non-specifically influence risk for multiple rather than individual dimensions of psychopathology. In contrast, person-specific experiences tend to be related to individual dimensions. This hierarchical causal hypothesis has been supported by both large-scale family and molecular genetic studies. Current research focuses on three issues. First, the field has not settled on a preferred statistical model for studying the hierarchy of causes and phenotypes. Second, in spite of encouraging progress, the neurobiological correlates of the hierarchy of dimensions of psychopathology are only partially described. Third, although there are potentially important clinical implications of the hierarchical model, insufficient research has been conducted to date to rec-ommend evidence-based clinical practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Lahey
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - David H. Zald
- Departments of Psychology and PsychiatryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Krueger RF, Kotov R, Watson D, Forbes MK, Eaton NR, Ruggero CJ, Simms LJ, Widiger TA, Achenbach TM, Bach B, Bagby RM, Bornovalova MA, Carpenter WT, Chmielewski M, Cicero DC, Clark LA, Conway C, DeClercq B, DeYoung CG, Docherty AR, Drislane LE, First MB, Forbush KT, Hallquist M, Haltigan JD, Hopwood CJ, Ivanova MY, Jonas KG, Latzman RD, Markon KE, Miller JD, Morey LC, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Ormel J, Patalay P, Patrick CJ, Pincus AL, Regier DA, Reininghaus U, Rescorla LA, Samuel DB, Sellbom M, Shackman AJ, Skodol A, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Tackett JL, Venables NC, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Waugh MH, Wright AG, Zald DH, Zimmermann J. Les progrès dans la réalisation de la classification quantitative de la psychopathologie ☆. Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 2021; 179:95-106. [PMID: 34305151 PMCID: PMC8309948 DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Shortcomings of approaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psychopathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification of psychopathology. A substantial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical. When the discreteness versus continuity of psychopathology is treated as a research question, as opposed to being decided as a matter of tradition, the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis of continuity. In addition, a related body of literature shows how psychopathology dimensions can be arranged in a hierarchy, ranging from very broad "spectrum level" dimensions, to specific and narrow clusters of symptoms. In this way, a quantitative approach solves the "problem of comorbidity" by explicitly modeling patterns of co-occurrence among signs and symptoms within a detailed and variegated hierarchy of dimensional concepts with direct clinical utility. Indeed, extensive evidence pertaining to the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology has led to the formation of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Consortium. This is a group of 70 investigators working together to study empirical classification of psychopathology. In this paper, we describe the aims and current foci of the HiTOP Consortium. These aims pertain to continued research on the empirical organization of psychopathology; the connection between personality and psychopathology; the utility of empirically based psychopathology constructs in both research and the clinic; and the development of novel and comprehensive models and corresponding assessment instruments for psychopathology constructs derived from an empirical approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Miriam K. Forbes
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas R. Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Camilo J. Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Leonard J. Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A. Widiger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - R. Michael Bagby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David C. Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Christopher Conway
- Department of Psychology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Barbara DeClercq
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin G. DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laura E. Drislane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael B. First
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Hallquist
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - John D. Haltigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Masha Y. Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Robert D. Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joshua D. Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Leslie C. Morey
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aaron L. Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Darrel A. Regier
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Douglas B. Samuel
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew Skodol
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tim Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Noah C. Venables
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Mark H. Waugh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Aidan G.C. Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David H. Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is characterized by behavioral symptoms reflecting slowness and lethargy (e.g., sluggishness, appearing sleepy) and inconsistent alertness/mental confusion (e.g., daydreaming, fogginess). SCT is substantially correlated with the inattentive symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may be part of that domain, but in cross-sectional data, SCT is also strongly associated with both inattention and depression. To date, no study has examined the prospective associations of SCT symptoms in childhood/adolescence with symptoms of ADHD and internalizing problems in adulthood. Using a sample of 449 twin children and adolescent pairs, prospective multiple regression analyses examined whether self- and parent-reported SCT, depression, and parent-reported symptoms of ADHD predicted symptoms in adulthood 12 years later. SCT and depression at time one were strongly correlated (self-reported SCT and depression r = 0.84; parent-reported SCT and depression r = 0.78). When adult outcomes were separately regressed on each youth symptom dimension, self-reported SCT (β = 0.26, p < 0.0001) and depression (β = 0.13, p < 0.0001) each predicted adult symptoms of depression and self-reported SCT predicted inattention (β = 0.12, p = 0.0026). Parent-reported depression, but not parent-reported SCT, predicted self-reported adult depression symptoms (β = 0.17, p = 0.0003). In contrast, when each adult outcome was regressed simultaneously on youth self-reported SCT and depression, neither predicted adulthood inattention or depression. These findings indicate that SCT in childhood and adolescence is strongly associated concurrently and predictively with both inattention and depression. Theoretical and clinical applications of the construct of SCT must take its robust association with both inattention and depression into account.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hopwood CJ, Krueger RF, Watson D, Widiger TA, Althoff RR, Ansell EB, Bach B, Bagby RM, Blais MA, Bornovalova MA, Chmielewski M, Cicero DC, Conway C, De Clerq B, De Fruyt F, Docherty AR, Eaton NR, Edens JF, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hengartner MP, Ivanova MY, Leising D, Lukowitsky MR, Lynam DR, Markon KE, Miller JD, Morey LC, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Ormel J, Patrick CJ, Pincus AL, Ruggero C, Samuel DB, Sellbom M, Tackett JL, Thomas KM, Trull TJ, Vachon DD, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Waugh MH, Wright AGC, Yalch MM, Zald DH, Zimmermann J. Commentary on "The Challenge of Transforming the Diagnostic System of Personality Disorders". J Pers Disord 2020; 34:1-4. [PMID: 30802176 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Bach
- Region Zealand Psychiatry, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The emotional attentional blink (EAB), also referred to as emotion-induced blindness, refers to a transient impairment in the ability to discriminate a single target when it is presented closely in time to an emotional distractor. Although the EAB has typically been characterized as representing a complete loss of target information due to attentional capture by the emotional distractors, it is unclear whether the impact of the emotional distractor is in fact discrete or graded. Here, we tested whether the emotional distractor of the EAB interfered with target processing in a continuous or all-or-none manner by measuring changes in both reaction time (RT) and target-vividness ratings in addition to target-discrimination accuracy. Rapid sequences of landscape images were presented centrally, and participants reported the orientation of a ± 90° rotated target as quickly and accurately as possible. Replicating the classic EAB phenomenon, we found a strong impairment in target discrimination when an emotional distractor shortly preceded the target, and we also found a moderate impairment when the target preceded an emotional distractor. This decrement in accuracy at short lags was accompanied by increases in RT to the target as well as lower ratings of subjective target vividness even when the target was detected, indicating that emotional distractors impacted target processing in a lag-dependent, graded manner. We argue that these results are consistent with an interactive race model of the competition between stimulus representations in the conflict between top-down and bottom-up attentional mechanisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
21
|
Kotov R, Jonas KG, Carpenter WT, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hobbs K, Reininghaus U, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Waszczuk MA, Widiger TA, Wright A, Zald DH, Krueger RF, Watson D. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:151-172. [PMID: 32394571 PMCID: PMC7214958 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a scientific effort to address shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, which suffer from arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co-occurrence, heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic instability. This paper synthesizes evidence on the validity and utility of the thought disorder and detachment spectra of HiTOP. These spectra are composed of symptoms and maladaptive traits currently subsumed within schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and schizotypal, paranoid and schizoid personality disorders. Thought disorder ranges from normal reality testing, to maladaptive trait psychoticism, to hallucinations and delusions. Detachment ranges from introversion, to maladaptive detachment, to blunted affect and avolition. Extensive evidence supports the validity of thought disorder and detachment spectra, as each spectrum reflects common genetics, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, biomarkers, and treatment response. Some of these characteristics are specific to one spectrum and others are shared, suggesting the existence of an overarching psychosis superspectrum. Further research is needed to extend this model, such as clarifying whether mania and dissociation belong to thought disorder, and explicating processes that drive development of the spectra and their subdimensions. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the thought disorder and detachment spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and higher acceptability to clinicians. Validated measures are available to implement the system in practice. The more informative, reliable and valid characterization of psychosis-related psychopathology offered by HiTOP can make diagnosis more useful for research and clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | | | | | - Michael N. Dretsch
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, US Army Medical Research Directorate ‐ WestSilver SpringMDUSA
| | | | | | | | - Kelsey Hobbs
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergGermany,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK,Centre for Epidemiology and Public HealthInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance AbuseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance AbuseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | | | - David H. Zald
- Department of PsychologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - David Watson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendINUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lahey BB, Hinton KE, Meyer FC, Villalta-Gil V, Van Hulle CA, Applegate B, Yang X, Zald DH. Sex differences in associations of socioemotional dispositions measured in childhood and adolescence with brain white matter microstructure 12 years later. Personal Neurosci 2020; 3:e5. [PMID: 32524066 PMCID: PMC7253690 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2020.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Predictive associations were estimated between socioemotional dispositions measured at 10-17 years using the Child and Adolescent Dispositions Scale (CADS) and future individual differences in white matter microstructure measured at 22-31 years of age. Participants were 410 twins (48.3% monozygotic) selected for later neuroimaging by oversampling on risk for psychopathology from a representative sample of child and adolescent twins. Controlling for demographic covariates and total intracranial volume (TICV), each CADS disposition (negative emotionality, prosociality, and daring) rated by one of the informants (parent or youth) significantly predicted global fractional anisotropy (FA) averaged across the major white matter tracts in brain in adulthood, but did so through significant interactions with sex after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. In females, each 1 SD difference in greater parent-rated prosociality was associated with 0.43 SD greater FA (p < 0.0008). In males, each 1 SD difference in greater parent-rated daring was associated with 0.24 SD lower FA (p < 0.0008), and each 1 SD difference in greater youth-rated negative emotionality was associated with 0.18 SD greater average FA (p < 0.0040). These findings suggest that CADS dispositions are associated with FA, but associations differ by sex. Exploratory analyses suggest that FA may mediate the associations between dispositions and psychopathology in some cases. These associations over 12 years could reflect enduring brain-behavior associations in spite of transactions with the environment, but could equally reflect processes in which dispositional differences in behavior influence the development of white matter. Future longitudinal studies are needed to resolve the causal nature of these sex-moderated associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Lahey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kendra E. Hinton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brooks Applegate
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research, and Technology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Xiaochan Yang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David H. Zald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aumann MA, Stark AJ, Hughes SB, Lin Y, Kang H, Bradley E, Zald DH, Claassen DO. Self-reported rates of impulsivity in Parkinson's Disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:437-448. [PMID: 32227451 PMCID: PMC7187703 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impulsive decision-making is characterized by actions taken without considering consequences. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who receive dopaminergic treatment, especially dopamine agonists, are at risk of developing impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs). We assessed impulse-related changes across a large heterogeneous PD population using the Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) by evaluating BIS-11 first- and second-order factors. METHODS We assessed a total of 204 subjects: 93 healthy controls (HCs), and 68 ICB- and 43 ICB + PD patients who completed the BIS-11. Using a general linear model and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operation regression, we compared BIS-11 scores between the HC, ICB- PD, and ICB + PD groups. RESULTS Patients with PD rated themselves as more impulsive than HCs in the BIS-11 total score, second-order attention domain, and first-order attention and self-control domains. ICB + patients recorded higher total scores as well as higher scores in the second-order non-planning domain and in self-control and cognitive complexity than ICB- patients. INTERPRETATION These results indicate that the patients with PD show particular problems with attentional control, whereas ICB + patients show a distinct problem in cognitive control and complexity. Additionally, it appears that all patients with PD are more impulsive than their age- and sex-matched healthy peers. Increased impulsivity may be a result of the disease course, or attributed to dopaminergic medication use, but these results emphasize the importance of the cognitive components of impulsivity in patients with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Aumann
- Vanderbilt Brain InstituteDepartment of PsychologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
- Department of NeurologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| | - Adam J. Stark
- Department of NeurologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| | - Shelby B. Hughes
- Department of NeurologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| | - Ya‐Chen Lin
- Department of BiostatisticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of BiostatisticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| | - Elise Bradley
- Department of NeurologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| | - David H. Zald
- Department of PsychiatryVanderbilt University Medical SchoolNashvilleTennessee
- Department of PsychologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Daniel O. Claassen
- Department of NeurologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Waszczuk MA, Eaton NR, Krueger RF, Shackman AJ, Waldman ID, Zald DH, Lahey BB, Patrick CJ, Conway CC, Ormel J, Hyman SE, Fried EI, Forbes MK, Docherty AR, Althoff RR, Bach B, Chmielewski M, DeYoung CG, Forbush KT, Hallquist M, Hopwood CJ, Ivanova MY, Jonas KG, Latzman RD, Markon KE, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Pincus AL, Reininghaus U, South SC, Tackett JL, Watson D, Wright AGC, Kotov R. Redefining phenotypes to advance psychiatric genetics: Implications from hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology. J Abnorm Psychol 2020; 129:143-161. [PMID: 31804095 PMCID: PMC6980897 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic discovery in psychiatry and clinical psychology is hindered by suboptimal phenotypic definitions. We argue that the hierarchical, dimensional, and data-driven classification system proposed by the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium provides a more effective approach to identifying genes that underlie mental disorders, and to studying psychiatric etiology, than current diagnostic categories. Specifically, genes are expected to operate at different levels of the HiTOP hierarchy, with some highly pleiotropic genes influencing higher order psychopathology (e.g., the general factor), whereas other genes conferring more specific risk for individual spectra (e.g., internalizing), subfactors (e.g., fear disorders), or narrow symptoms (e.g., mood instability). We propose that the HiTOP model aligns well with the current understanding of the higher order genetic structure of psychopathology that has emerged from a large body of family and twin studies. We also discuss the convergence between the HiTOP model and findings from recent molecular studies of psychopathology indicating broad genetic pleiotropy, such as cross-disorder SNP-based shared genetic covariance and polygenic risk scores, and we highlight molecular genetic studies that have successfully redefined phenotypes to enhance precision and statistical power. Finally, we suggest how to integrate a HiTOP approach into future molecular genetic research, including quantitative and hierarchical assessment tools for future data-collection and recommendations concerning phenotypic analyses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Bach
- Centre of Excellence on Personality Disorder
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Castrellon JJ, Young JS, Dang LC, Cowan RL, Zald DH, Samanez-Larkin GR. Mesolimbic dopamine D2 receptors and neural representations of subjective value. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20229. [PMID: 31882947 PMCID: PMC6934551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The process by which the value of delayed rewards is discounted varies from person to person. It has been suggested that these individual differences in subjective valuation of delayed rewards are supported by mesolimbic dopamine D2-like receptors (D2Rs) in the ventral striatum. However, no study to date has documented an association between direct measures of dopamine receptors and neural representations of subjective value in humans. Here, we examined whether individual differences in D2R availability were related to neural subjective value signals during decision making. Human participants completed a monetary delay discounting task during an fMRI scan and on a separate visit completed a PET scan with the high affinity D2R tracer [18 F]fallypride. Region-of-interest analyses revealed that D2R availability in the ventral striatum was positively correlated with subjective value-related activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and midbrain but not with choice behavior. Whole-brain analyses revealed a positive correlation between ventral striatum D2R availability and subjective value-related activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus and superior insula. These findings identify a link between a direct measure of mesolimbic dopamine function and subjective value representation in humans and suggest a mechanism by which individuals vary in neural representation of discounted subjective value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime J Castrellon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States. .,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States.
| | - Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Linh C Dang
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Ronald L Cowan
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States
| | - Gregory R Samanez-Larkin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bermudez Noguera C, Bao S, Petersen KJ, Lopez AM, Reid J, Plassard AJ, Zald DH, Claassen DO, Dawant BM, Landman BA. Using deep learning for a diffusion-based segmentation of the dentate nucleus and its benefits over atlas-based methods. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2019; 6:044007. [PMID: 31824980 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.6.4.044007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentate nucleus (DN) is a gray matter structure deep in the cerebellum involved in motor coordination, sensory input integration, executive planning, language, and visuospatial function. The DN is an emerging biomarker of disease, informing studies that advance pathophysiologic understanding of neurodegenerative and related disorders. The main challenge in defining the DN radiologically is that, like many deep gray matter structures, it has poor contrast in T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and therefore requires specialized MR acquisitions for visualization. Manual tracing of the DN across multiple acquisitions is resource-intensive and does not scale well to large datasets. We describe a technique that automatically segments the DN using deep learning (DL) on common imaging sequences, such as T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and diffusion MR imaging. We trained a DL algorithm that can automatically delineate the DN and provide an estimate of its volume. The automatic segmentation achieved higher agreement to the manual labels compared to template registration, which is the current common practice in DN segmentation or multiatlas segmentation of manual labels. Across all sequences, the FA maps achieved the highest mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.83 compared to T1 imaging ( DSC = 0.76 ), T2 imaging ( DSC = 0.79 ), or a multisequence approach ( DSC = 0.80 ). A single atlas registration approach using the spatially unbiased atlas template of the cerebellum and brainstem template achieved a DSC of 0.23, and multi-atlas segmentation achieved a DSC of 0.33. Overall, we propose a method of delineating the DN on clinical imaging that can reproduce manual labels with higher accuracy than current atlas-based tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Bermudez Noguera
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Shunxing Bao
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kalen J Petersen
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alexander M Lopez
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jacqueline Reid
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Andrew J Plassard
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - David H Zald
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Benoit M Dawant
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Juarez EJ, Castrellon JJ, Green MA, Crawford JL, Seaman KL, Smith CT, Dang LC, Matuskey D, Morris ED, Cowan RL, Zald DH, Samanez-Larkin GR. Reproducibility of the correlative triad among aging, dopamine receptor availability, and cognition. Psychol Aging 2019; 34:921-932. [PMID: 31589058 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The evidence that dopamine function mediates the association between aging and cognition is one of the most cited findings in the cognitive neuroscience of aging. However, few and relatively small studies have directly examined these associations. Here we examined correlations among adult age, dopamine D2-like receptor (D2R) availability, and cognition in two cross-sectional studies of healthy human adults. Participants completed a short cognitive test battery and, on a separate day, a PET scan with either the high-affinity D2R tracer [18F]Fallypride (Study 1) or [11C]FLB457 (Study 2). Digit span, a measure of short-term memory maintenance and working memory, was the only cognitive test for which dopamine D2R availability partially mediated the age effect on cognition. In Study 1, age was negatively correlated with digit span. Striatal D2R availability was positively correlated with digit span controlling for age. The age effect on digit span was smaller when controlling for striatal D2R availability. Although other cognitive measures used here have individually been associated with age and D2R availability in prior studies, we found no consistent evidence for significant associations between low D2R availability and low cognitive performance on these measures. These results at best only partially supported the correlative triad of age, dopamine D2R availability, and cognition. While a wealth of other research in human and nonhuman animals demonstrates that dopamine makes critical contributions to cognition, the present studies suggest caution in interpreting PET findings as evidence that dopamine D2R loss is a primary cause of broad age-related declines in fluid cognition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linh C Dang
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Parvathaneni P, Bao S, Nath V, Woodward ND, Claassen DO, Cascio CJ, Zald DH, Huo Y, Landman BA, Lyu I. Cortical Surface Parcellation using Spherical Convolutional Neural Networks. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 2019; 11766:501-509. [PMID: 31803864 PMCID: PMC6892466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32248-9_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We present cortical surface parcellation using spherical deep convolutional neural networks. Traditional multi-atlas cortical surface parcellation requires inter-subject surface registration using geometric features with slow processing speed on a single subject (2-3 hours). Moreover, even optimal surface registration does not necessarily produce optimal cortical parcellation as parcel boundaries are not fully matched to the geometric features. In this context, a choice of training features is important for accurate cortical parcellation. To utilize the networks efficiently, we propose cortical parcellation-specific input data from an irregular and complicated structure of cortical surfaces. To this end, we align ground-truth cortical parcel boundaries and use their resulting deformation fields to generate new pairs of deformed geometric features and parcellation maps. To extend the capability of the networks, we then smoothly morph cortical geometric features and parcellation maps using the intermediate deformation fields. We validate our method on 427 adult brains for 49 labels. The experimental results show that our method outperforms traditional multi-atlas and naive spherical U-Net approaches, while achieving full cortical parcellation in less than a minute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shunxing Bao
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Vishwesh Nath
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
| | | | - Carissa J Cascio
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, USA
| | | | - Yuankai Huo
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Ilwoo Lyu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Class QA, Van Hulle CA, Rathouz PJ, Applegate B, Zald DH, Lahey BB. Socioemotional dispositions of children and adolescents predict general and specific second-order factors of psychopathology in early adulthood: A 12-year prospective study. J Abnorm Psychol 2019; 128:574-584. [PMID: 31259570 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously hypothesized that the ubiquitous, but patterned correlations among all dimensions of psychopathology reflect a hierarchy of progressively more nonspecific causal influences, with a general factor of psychopathology-also dubbed the p factor-reflecting the most transdiagnostic causal influences. We further hypothesized that the general factor is a manifestation of individual differences in 1 or more trait-like dispositions, particularly negative emotionality, that are nonspecifically associated with risk for essentially every dimension of psychopathology. We tested the hypothesis that this and other dispositions measured in childhood/adolescence significantly predict general and specific second-order dimensions of psychopathology in early adulthood. The latent general factor of psychopathology itself was correlated over time from 10-17 to 23-31 years of age even though it was defined by different informants and different dimensions of symptoms. Using a measure of dispositions that minimizes item contamination with psychopathology symptoms, parent-rated negative emotionality in childhood and adolescence predicted the general factor of psychopathology based on self-reported symptoms in early adulthood, whereas parent-rated daring predicted the specific adult externalizing psychopathology factor after correction for multiple tests. In addition, youth-rated negative emotionality and daring predicted specific adult externalizing psychopathology. These results over a span of 12 years suggests that the general factor is relatively stable over time and that associations of dispositional traits with second-order dimensions of psychopathology are enduring, sometimes across informants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
30
|
Smith CT, Crawford JL, Dang LC, Seaman KL, San Juan MD, Vijay A, Katz DT, Matuskey D, Cowan RL, Morris ED, Zald DH, Samanez-Larkin GR. Partial-volume correction increases estimated dopamine D2-like receptor binding potential and reduces adult age differences. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:822-833. [PMID: 29090626 PMCID: PMC6498753 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17737693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The relatively modest spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) increases the likelihood of partial volume effects such that binding potential (BPND) may be underestimated. Given structural grey matter losses across adulthood, partial volume effects may be even more problematic in older age leading to overestimation of adult age differences. Here we examined the effects of partial volume correction (PVC) in two studies from different sites using different high-affinity D2-like radioligands (18 F-Fallypride, 11C-FLB457) and different PET camera resolutions (∼5 mm, 2.5 mm). Results across both data sets revealed that PVC increased estimated BPND and reduced, though did not eliminate, age effects on BPND. As expected, the effects of PVC were smaller in higher compared to lower resolution data. Analyses using uncorrected data that controlled for grey matter volume in each region of interest approximated PVC corrected data for some but not all regions. Overall, the findings suggest that PVC increases estimated BPND in general and reduces adult age differences especially when using lower resolution cameras. The findings suggest that the past 30 years of research on dopamine receptor availability, for which very few studies use PVC, may overestimate effects of aging on dopamine receptor availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Crawford
- 2 Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,3 Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Linh C Dang
- 1 Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kendra L Seaman
- 2 Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,3 Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Danica San Juan
- 1 Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aishwarya Vijay
- 4 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel T Katz
- 1 Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- 4 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,5 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald L Cowan
- 1 Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,6 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,7 Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- 4 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,5 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,8 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - David H Zald
- 1 Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,6 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregory R Samanez-Larkin
- 2 Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,3 Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,9 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Conway CC, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Fried EI, Hallquist MN, Kotov R, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Shackman AJ, Skodol AE, South SC, Sunderland M, Waszczuk MA, Zald DH, Afzali MH, Bornovalova MA, Carragher N, Docherty AR, Jonas KG, Krueger RF, Patalay P, Pincus AL, Tackett JL, Reininghaus U, Waldman ID, Wright AG, Zimmermann J, Bach B, Bagby RM, Chmielewski M, Cicero DC, Clark LA, Dalgleish T, DeYoung CG, Hopwood CJ, Ivanova MY, Latzman RD, Patrick CJ, Ruggero CJ, Samuel DB, Watson D, Eaton NR. A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research. Perspect Psychol Sci 2019; 14:419-436. [PMID: 30844330 PMCID: PMC6497550 DOI: 10.1177/1745691618810696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For more than a century, research on psychopathology has focused on categorical diagnoses. Although this work has produced major discoveries, growing evidence points to the superiority of a dimensional approach to the science of mental illness. Here we outline one such dimensional system-the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)-that is based on empirical patterns of co-occurrence among psychological symptoms. We highlight key ways in which this framework can advance mental-health research, and we provide some heuristics for using HiTOP to test theories of psychopathology. We then review emerging evidence that supports the value of a hierarchical, dimensional model of mental illness across diverse research areas in psychological science. These new data suggest that the HiTOP system has the potential to accelerate and improve research on mental-health problems as well as efforts to more effectively assess, prevent, and treat mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Conway
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Miriam K. Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Eiko I. Fried
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael N. Hallquist
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Alexander J. Shackman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E. Skodol
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Susan C. South
- Purdue University, Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Monika A. Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David H. Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Natacha Carragher
- Medical Education and Student Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Katherine G. Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert F. Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aaron L. Pincus
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | | | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Aidan G.C. Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - R. Michael Bagby
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - David C. Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI, USA
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin G. DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Masha Y. Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Robert D. Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Camilo J. Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Douglas B. Samuel
- Purdue University, Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas R. Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Seaman KL, Smith CT, Juarez EJ, Dang LC, Castrellon JJ, Burgess LL, San Juan MD, Kundzicz PM, Cowan RL, Zald DH, Samanez-Larkin GR. Differential regional decline in dopamine receptor availability across adulthood: Linear and nonlinear effects of age. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3125-3138. [PMID: 30932295 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Theories of adult brain development, based on neuropsychological test results and structural neuroimaging, suggest differential rates of age-related change in function across cortical and subcortical sub-regions. However, it remains unclear if these trends also extend to the aging dopamine system. Here we examined cross-sectional adult age differences in estimates of D2-like receptor binding potential across several cortical and subcortical brain regions using PET imaging and the radiotracer [18 F]Fallypride in two samples of healthy human adults (combined N = 132). After accounting for regional differences in overall radioligand binding, estimated percent difference in receptor binding potential by decade (linear effects) were highest in most temporal and frontal cortical regions (~6-16% per decade), moderate in parahippocampal gyrus, pregenual frontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, caudate, putamen, thalamus, and amygdala (~3-5%), and weakest in subcallosal frontal cortex, ventral striatum, pallidum, and hippocampus (~0-2%). Some regions showed linear effects of age while many showed curvilinear effects such that binding potential declined from young adulthood to middle age and then was relatively stable until old age. Overall, these data indicate that the rate and pattern of decline in D2 receptor availability is regionally heterogeneous. However, the differences across regions were challenging to organize within existing theories of brain development and did not show the same pattern of regional change that has been observed in gray matter volume, white matter integrity, or cognitive performance. This variation suggests that existing theories of adult brain development may need to be modified to better account for the spatial dynamics of dopaminergic system aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Seaman
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Eric J Juarez
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Linh C Dang
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jaime J Castrellon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Leah L Burgess
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Danica San Juan
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paul M Kundzicz
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ronald L Cowan
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregory R Samanez-Larkin
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Theiss JD, McHugo M, Zhao M, Zald DH, Olatunji BO. Neural correlates of resolving conflict from emotional and nonemotional distracters in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 284:29-36. [PMID: 30641435 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with altered processing in brain regions involved in conflict resolution. However, limited research has examined the extent to which conflict from emotional distracters characterizes OCD such that responsiveness to task-irrelevant emotional stimuli is altered compared to controls. In the present study, 16 patients with OCD and 15 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during resolution of conflict from emotional or nonemotional distracters. Results in healthy controls demonstrated that rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and medial superior frontal gyrus (MSFG) showed greater activation for high conflict versus low conflict. Responses in these regions differed between the emotional and nonemotional distracter tasks, with rACC and MSFG having greater activation for conflict from nonemotional distracters and anterior MFG showing greater activation for conflict from emotional distracters. Furthermore, between-group differences revealed a region in right posterior MFG in which controls similarly exhibited greater activation during high conflict versus low conflict with emotional distracters; however, OCD patients showed the opposite pattern with greater activation during low conflict compared to high conflict. These findings suggest that activity of right posterior MFG may be relevant in better understanding inefficient responding during emotional conflict in OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Theiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mimi Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bunmi O Olatunji
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hinton KE, Lahey BB, Villalta-Gil V, Meyer FAC, Burgess LL, Chodes LK, Applegate B, Van Hulle CA, Landman BA, Zald DH. White matter microstructure correlates of general and specific second-order factors of psychopathology. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101705. [PMID: 30753960 PMCID: PMC6369105 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing data indicate that prevalent forms of psychopathology can be organized into second-order dimensions based on their correlations, including a general factor of psychopathology that explains the common variance among all disorders and specific second-order externalizing and internalizing factors. Nevertheless, most existing studies on the neural correlates of psychopathology employ case-control designs that treat diagnoses as independent categories, ignoring the highly correlated nature of psychopathology. Thus, for instance, although perturbations in white matter microstructure have been identified across a range of mental disorders, nearly all such studies used case-control designs, leaving it unclear whether observed relations reflect disorder-specific characteristics or transdiagnostic associations. Using a representative sample of 410 young adult twins oversampled for psychopathology risk, we tested the hypothesis that some previously observed relations between white matter microstructure properties in major tracts and specific disorders are related to second-order factors of psychopathology. We examined fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). White matter correlates of all second-order factors were identified after controlling for multiple statistical tests, including the general factor (FA in the body of the corpus callosum), specific internalizing (AD in the fornix), and specific externalizing (AD in the splenium of the corpus callosum, sagittal stratum, anterior corona radiata, and internal capsule). These findings suggest that some features of white matter within specific tracts may be transdiagnostically associated multiple forms of psychopathology through second-order factors of psychopathology rather with than individual mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra E Hinton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Benjamin B Lahey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Victoria Villalta-Gil
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Francisco A C Meyer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Leah L Burgess
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Laura K Chodes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brooks Applegate
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research and Technology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Carol A Van Hulle
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bennett A Landman
- School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Smith CT, Dang LC, Burgess LL, Perkins SF, Juan MDS, Smith DK, Cowan RL, Le NT, Kessler RM, Samanez-Larkin GR, Zald DH. Lack of consistent sex differences in D-amphetamine-induced dopamine release measured with [ 18F]fallypride PET. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:581-590. [PMID: 30350220 PMCID: PMC6401232 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sex differences in the dopaminergic response to psychostimulants could have implications for drug abuse risk and other psychopathology involving the dopamine system, but human data are limited and mixed. OBJECTIVES Here, we sought to investigate sex differences in dopamine release after oral D-amphetamine administration. METHODS We used [18F]fallypride positron emission tomography (PET) to measure the change in dopamine D2/3 receptor availability (%ΔBPND, an index of dopamine release) between placebo and D-amphetamine sessions in two independent datasets containing a total of 39 females (on either hormonal birth control n = 18, postmenopausal n = 10, or studied in the first 10 days of their menstrual cycle n = 11) and 37 males. RESULTS Using both a priori anatomical regions of interest based on previous findings and voxelwise analyses, we failed to consistently detect broad sex differences in D-amphetamine-induced dopamine release. Nevertheless, there was limited evidence for greater right ventral striatal dopamine release in young adult males relative to similarly aged females, but this was not consistently observed across samples. Plasma estradiol did not correlate with dopamine release and this measure did not differ in females on and off hormonal birth control. CONCLUSIONS While our finding in young adults from one dataset of greater %ΔBPND in males is partially consistent with a previously published study on sex differences in D-amphetamine-induced dopamine release, our data do not support the presence of consistent widespread sex differences in this measure of dopamine release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Smith
- Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817,Corresponding Author:
| | - Linh C. Dang
- Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817
| | - Leah L. Burgess
- Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817
| | - Scott F. Perkins
- Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817
| | - M. Danica San Juan
- Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817
| | - Darcy K. Smith
- Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817
| | - Ronald L. Cowan
- Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN, 37212,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Nam T. Le
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Robert M. Kessler
- Department of Radiology, UAB School of Medicine, 1802 6th Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | | | - David H. Zald
- Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN, 37212
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim JU, Weisenbach SL, Zald DH. Ventral prefrontal cortex and emotion regulation in aging: A case for utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:215-222. [PMID: 30259580 PMCID: PMC6345398 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) has been speculated to play an important role in complex processes that allow emotional factors to influence human cognition. Accumulating evidence from human neuroimaging studies, in conjunction with studies of patients with lesions and animal models, shed light on the role of the vlPFC in emotion regulation (ER). This review aims to discuss and integrate recent findings related to vlPFC's role in ER in the context of aging, drawing from diverse sources, and suggest future directions for research utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). METHODS/DESIGN We summarize findings from the existing literature investigating the neural basis of frontal-lobe mediated ER and then highlight major findings from recent studies directly comparing healthy younger and older adult groups. We conclude by pointing to unaddressed questions worth pursuing in future research. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We propose future research directions utilizing TMS to answer key unaddressed questions. Moreover, we discuss the potential advantages, challenges, and limitations of using TMS as a complement to the existing neuroimaging methods in ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph U. Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sara L. Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- VA Salt Lake, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David H. Zald
- Department of Psychological Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Trujillo P, van Wouwe NC, Lin YC, Stark AJ, Petersen KJ, Kang H, Zald DH, Donahue MJ, Claassen DO. Dopamine effects on frontal cortical blood flow and motor inhibition in Parkinson's disease. Cortex 2019; 115:99-111. [PMID: 30776736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dysfunction in frontal cortical and striatal networks that regulate action control. We investigated the pharmacological effect of dopamine agonist replacement therapy on frontal cortical activity and motor inhibition. Using Arterial Spin Labeling MRI, we examined 26 PD patients in the off- and on-dopamine agonist medication states to assess the effect of dopamine agonists on frontal cortical regional cerebral blood flow. Motor inhibition was measured by the Simon task in both medication states. We applied the dual process activation suppression model to dissociate fast response impulses from motor inhibition of incorrect responses. General linear regression model analyses determined the medication effect on regional cerebral blood flow and motor inhibition, and the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow and motor inhibitory proficiency. We show that dopamine agonist administration increases frontal cerebral blood flow, particularly in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Higher regional blood flow in the pre-SMA, DLPFC and motor cortex was associated with better inhibitory control, suggesting that treatments which improve frontal cortical activity could ameliorate motor inhibition deficiency in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Trujillo
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Ya-Chen Lin
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam J Stark
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kalen J Petersen
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The emotional attentional blink (EAB) refers to a temporary impairment in the ability to identify a target when it is preceded by an emotional distractor. It is thought to occur because the emotional salience of the distractor exogenously captures attention for a brief duration, rendering the target unattended and preventing it from reaching awareness. Here we tested the extent to which the EAB can be attenuated by inducing a diffuse top-down attentional state, which has been shown to improve target identification in an analogous attentional phenomenon, the attentional blink. Rapid sequences of landscape images were presented centrally, and participants reported the orientation of a ± 90° rotation of a landscape target. To induce a diffuse state of attention, participants were given a secondary task of monitoring for the appearance of a colored dot in the periphery. We found that emotional distractors impaired target recognition performance to comparable extents, regardless of whether or not participants concurrently performed the peripheral-monitoring task. Moreover, we found that performance of the secondary task led to an impaired ability to ignore neutral distractors. Subjective ratings of target vividness mirrored the behavioral accuracy, with frequent reports of intermediate levels of vividness suggesting that the EAB might impair target visibility in a graded manner. Our results demonstrate that the EAB is robust to manipulations of top-down attention, suggesting that the temporary capture of attention by emotionally salient stimuli involves processes that are distinct from those that produce the attentional blink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Keefe
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jocelyn L Sy
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frank Tong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Smith CT, San Juan MD, Dang LC, Katz DT, Perkins SF, Burgess LL, Cowan RL, Manning HC, Nickels ML, Claassen DO, Samanez-Larkin GR, Zald DH. Ventral striatal dopamine transporter availability is associated with lower trait motor impulsivity in healthy adults. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:269. [PMID: 30531858 PMCID: PMC6286354 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a transdiagnostic feature of a range of externalizing psychiatric disorders. Preclinical work links reduced ventral striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability with heightened impulsivity and novelty seeking. However, there is a lack of human data investigating the relationship between DAT availability, particularly in subregions of the striatum, and the personality traits of impulsivity and novelty seeking. Here we collected PET measures of DAT availability (BPND) using the tracer 18F-FE-PE2I in 47 healthy adult subjects and examined relations between BPND in striatum, including its subregions: caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum (VS), and trait impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: BIS-11) and novelty seeking (Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: TPQ-NS), controlling for age and sex. DAT BPND in each striatal subregion showed nominal negative associations with total BIS-11 but not TPQ-NS. At the subscale level, VS DAT BPND was significantly associated with BIS-11 motor impulsivity (e.g., taking actions without thinking) after correction for multiple comparisons. VS DAT BPND explained 13.2% of the variance in motor impulsivity. Our data demonstrate that DAT availability in VS is negatively related to impulsivity and suggest a particular influence of DAT regulation of dopamine signaling in VS on acting without deliberation (BIS motor impulsivity). While needing replication, these data converge with models of ventral striatal functions that emphasize its role as a key interface linking motivation to action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Smith
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - M. Danica San Juan
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - Linh C. Dang
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - Daniel T. Katz
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - Scott F. Perkins
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - Leah L. Burgess
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA
| | - Ronald L. Cowan
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - H. Charles Manning
- 0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235 USA ,0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Biomedical Engineering, PMB 351826, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1826 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, T4224 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2380 USA
| | - Michael L. Nickels
- 0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Daniel O. Claassen
- 0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-0118, Nashville, TN 37232-2551 USA
| | - Gregory R. Samanez-Larkin
- 0000 0004 1936 7961grid.26009.3dDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - David H. Zald
- 0000 0001 2264 7217grid.152326.1Department of Psychology, PMB 407817, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Krueger RF, Kotov R, Watson D, Forbes MK, Eaton NR, Ruggero CJ, Simms LJ, Widiger TA, Achenbach TM, Bach B, Bagby RM, Bornovalova MA, Carpenter WT, Chmielewski M, Cicero DC, Clark LA, Conway C, DeClercq B, DeYoung CG, Docherty AR, Drislane LE, First MB, Forbush KT, Hallquist M, Haltigan JD, Hopwood CJ, Ivanova MY, Jonas KG, Latzman RD, Markon KE, Miller JD, Morey LC, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Ormel J, Patalay P, Patrick CJ, Pincus AL, Regier DA, Reininghaus U, Rescorla LA, Samuel DB, Sellbom M, Shackman AJ, Skodol A, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Tackett JL, Venables NC, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Waugh MH, Wright AGC, Zald DH, Zimmermann J. Progress in achieving quantitative classification of psychopathology. World Psychiatry 2018; 17:282-293. [PMID: 30229571 PMCID: PMC6172695 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortcomings of approaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psychopathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification of psychopathology. A substantial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical. When the discreteness versus continuity of psychopathology is treated as a research question, as opposed to being decided as a matter of tradition, the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis of continuity. In addition, a related body of literature shows how psychopathology dimensions can be arranged in a hierarchy, ranging from very broad "spectrum level" dimensions, to specific and narrow clusters of symptoms. In this way, a quantitative approach solves the "problem of comorbidity" by explicitly modeling patterns of co-occurrence among signs and symptoms within a detailed and variegated hierarchy of dimensional concepts with direct clinical utility. Indeed, extensive evidence pertaining to the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology has led to the formation of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Consortium. This is a group of 70 investigators working together to study empirical classification of psychopathology. In this paper, we describe the aims and current foci of the HiTOP Consortium. These aims pertain to continued research on the empirical organization of psychopathology; the connection between personality and psychopathology; the utility of empirically based psychopathology constructs in both research and the clinic; and the development of novel and comprehensive models and corresponding assessment instruments for psychopathology constructs derived from an empirical approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Camilo J Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A Widiger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Christopher Conway
- Department of Psychology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Barbara DeClercq
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laura E Drislane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael B First
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael Hallquist
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - John D Haltigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Masha Y Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Leslie C Morey
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Aaron L Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Darrel A Regier
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Douglas B Samuel
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew Skodol
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tim Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Noah C Venables
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mark H Waugh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Docherty AR, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Debbané M, Chan RCK, Linscott RJ, Jonas KG, Cicero DC, Green MJ, Simms LJ, Mason O, Watson D, Ettinger U, Waszczuk M, Rapp A, Grant P, Kotov R, DeYoung CG, Ruggero CJ, Eaton NR, Krueger RF, Patrick C, Hopwood C, O’Neill FA, Zald DH, Conway CC, Adkins DE, Waldman ID, van Os J, Sullivan PF, Anderson JS, Shabalin AA, Sponheim SR, Taylor SF, Grazioplene RG, Bacanu SA, Bigdeli TB, Haenschel C, Malaspina D, Gooding DC, Nicodemus K, Schultze-Lutter F, Barrantes-Vidal N, Mohr C, Carpenter WT, Cohen AS. Enhancing Psychosis-Spectrum Nosology Through an International Data Sharing Initiative. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:S460-S467. [PMID: 29788473 PMCID: PMC6188505 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The latent structure of schizotypy and psychosis-spectrum symptoms remains poorly understood. Furthermore, molecular genetic substrates are poorly defined, largely due to the substantial resources required to collect rich phenotypic data across diverse populations. Sample sizes of phenotypic studies are often insufficient for advanced structural equation modeling approaches. In the last 50 years, efforts in both psychiatry and psychological science have moved toward (1) a dimensional model of psychopathology (eg, the current Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology [HiTOP] initiative), (2) an integration of methods and measures across traits and units of analysis (eg, the RDoC initiative), and (3) powerful, impactful study designs maximizing sample size to detect subtle genomic variation relating to complex traits (the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium [PGC]). These movements are important to the future study of the psychosis spectrum, and to resolving heterogeneity with respect to instrument and population. The International Consortium of Schizotypy Research is composed of over 40 laboratories in 12 countries, and to date, members have compiled a body of schizotypy- and psychosis-related phenotype data from more than 30000 individuals. It has become apparent that compiling data into a protected, relational database and crowdsourcing analytic and data science expertise will result in significant enhancement of current research on the structure and biological substrates of the psychosis spectrum. The authors present a data-sharing infrastructure similar to that of the PGC, and a resource-sharing infrastructure similar to that of HiTOP. This report details the rationale and benefits of the phenotypic data collective and presents an open invitation for participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84110, US; tel: +1-801-213-6905, fax: +1-801-581-7109, e-mail:
| | | | - Martin Debbané
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK,Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Oliver Mason
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | | | - Monika Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Alexander Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Phillip Grant
- Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany,Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Nicolas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - F Anthony O’Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Daniel E Adkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT,Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands,King’s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John S Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Andrey A Shabalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Silviu A Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, UK
| | | | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Diane C Gooding
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kristin Nicodemus
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC,Sant Pere Claver—Fundació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christine Mohr
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William T Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alex S Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lahey BB, Class QA, Zald DH, Rathouz PJ, Applegate B, Waldman ID. Prospective test of the developmental propensity model of antisocial behavior: from childhood and adolescence into early adulthood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:676-683. [PMID: 29197109 PMCID: PMC5975120 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental propensity model of antisocial behavior posits that several dispositional characteristics of children transact with the environment to influence the likelihood of learning antisocial behavior across development. Specifically, greater dispositional negative emotionality, greater daring, and lower prosociality-operationally, the inverse of callousness- and lower cognitive abilities are each predicted to increase risk for developing antisocial behavior. METHODS Prospective tests of key predictions derived from the model were conducted in a high-risk sample of 499 twins who were assessed on dispositions at 10-17 years of age and assessed for antisocial personality disorder (APD) symptoms at 22-31 years of age. Predictions were tested separately for parent and youth informants on the dispositions using multiple regressions that adjusted for oversampling, nonresponse, and clustering within twin pairs, controlling demographic factors and time since the first assessment. RESULTS Consistent with predictions, greater numbers of APD symptoms in adulthood were independently predicted over a 10-15 year span by higher youth ratings on negative emotionality and daring and lower youth ratings on prosociality, and by parent ratings of greater negative emotionality and lower prosociality. A measure of working memory did not predict APD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings support future research on the role of these dispositions in the development of antisocial behavior.
Collapse
|
43
|
Seaman KL, Brooks N, Karrer TM, Castrellon JJ, Perkins SF, Dang LC, Hsu M, Zald DH, Samanez-Larkin GR. Subjective value representations during effort, probability and time discounting across adulthood. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:449-459. [PMID: 29618082 PMCID: PMC6007391 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Every day, humans make countless decisions that require the integration of information about potential benefits (i.e. rewards) with other decision features (i.e. effort required, probability of an outcome or time delays). Here, we examine the overlap and dissociation of behavioral preferences and neural representations of subjective value in the context of three different decision features (physical effort, probability and time delays) in a healthy adult life span sample. While undergoing functional neuroimaging, participants (N = 75) made incentive compatible choices between a smaller monetary reward with lower physical effort, higher probability, or a shorter time delay versus a larger monetary reward with higher physical effort, lower probability, or a longer time delay. Behavioral preferences were estimated from observed choices, and subjective values were computed using individual hyperbolic discount functions. We found that discount rates were uncorrelated across tasks. Despite this apparent behavioral dissociation between preferences, we found overlapping subjective value-related activity in the medial prefrontal cortex across all three tasks. We found no consistent evidence for age differences in either preferences or the neural representations of subjective value across adulthood. These results suggest that while the tolerance of decision features is behaviorally dissociable, subjective value signals share a common representation across adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Seaman
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development & Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nickolas Brooks
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Teresa M Karrer
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jaime J Castrellon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Scott F Perkins
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Linh C Dang
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Ming Hsu
- Haas School of Business, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Gregory R Samanez-Larkin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience & Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hinton KE, Lahey BB, Villalta-Gil V, Boyd BD, Yvernault BC, Werts KB, Plassard AJ, Applegate B, Woodward ND, Landman BA, Zald DH. Right Fronto-Subcortical White Matter Microstructure Predicts Cognitive Control Ability on the Go/No-go Task in a Community Sample. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:127. [PMID: 29706875 PMCID: PMC5908979 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Go/no-go tasks are widely used to index cognitive control. This construct has been linked to white matter microstructure in a circuit connecting the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), subthalamic nucleus (STN), and pre-supplementary motor area. However, the specificity of this association has not been tested. A general factor of white matter has been identified that is related to processing speed. Given the strong processing speed component in successful performance on the go/no-go task, this general factor could contribute to task performance, but the general factor has often not been accounted for in past studies of cognitive control. Further, studies on cognitive control have generally employed small unrepresentative case-control designs. The present study examined the relationship between go/no-go performance and white matter microstructure in a large community sample of 378 subjects that included participants with a range of both clinical and subclinical nonpsychotic psychopathology. We found that white matter microstructure properties in the right IFG-STN tract significantly predicted task performance, and remained significant after controlling for dimensional psychopathology. The general factor of white matter only reached statistical significance when controlling for dimensional psychopathology. Although the IFG-STN and general factor tracts were highly correlated, when both were included in the model, only the IFG-STN remained a significant predictor of performance. Overall, these findings suggest that while a general factor of white matter can be identified in a young community sample, white matter microstructure properties in the right IFG-STN tract show a specific relationship to cognitive control. The findings highlight the importance of examining both specific and general correlates of cognition, especially in tasks with a speeded component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra E Hinton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Benjamin B Lahey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Victoria Villalta-Gil
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian D Boyd
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Katherine B Werts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andrew J Plassard
- School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brooks Applegate
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research and Technology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Bennett A Landman
- School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lahey BB, Zald DH, Perkins SF, Villalta‐Gil V, Werts KB, Van Hulle CA, Rathouz PJ, Applegate B, Class QA, Poore HE, Watts AL, Waldman ID. Measuring the hierarchical general factor model of psychopathology in young adults. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; 27:e1593. [PMID: 28990308 PMCID: PMC5834349 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that models of psychopathology specifying a general factor and specific second-order factors fit better than competing structural models. Nonetheless, additional tests are needed to examine the generality and boundaries of the general factor model. In a selected second wave of a cohort study, first-order dimensions of psychopathology symptoms in 499 23- to 31-year-old twins were analyzed. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a bifactor model specifying a general factor and specific internalizing and externalizing factors fit better than competing models. Factor loadings in this model were sex invariant despite greater variances in the specific internalizing factor among females and greater variances in the general and specific externalizing factors among males. The bifactor structure was robust to the exclusion of any single first-order dimension of psychopathology. Furthermore, the results were essentially unchanged when all overlapping symptoms that define multiple disorders were excluded from symptom dimensions. Furthermore, the best-fitting bifactor model also emerged in exploratory structural equation modeling with freely estimated cross-loadings. The general factor of psychopathology was robust across variations in measurement and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Lahey
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - David H. Zald
- Departments of Psychology and PsychiatryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Scott F. Perkins
- Departments of Psychology and PsychiatryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Katherine B. Werts
- Departments of Psychology and PsychiatryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Paul J. Rathouz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Brooks Applegate
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research and TechnologyWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMichiganUSA
| | - Quetzal A. Class
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Holly E. Poore
- Department of PsychologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Camalier CR, McHugo M, Zald DH, Neimat JS. The Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy on Fear-Related Capture of Attention in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor: A Comparison to Healthy Individuals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 6. [PMID: 29657957 PMCID: PMC5897106 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6895.1000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In addition to motor symptoms, Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves significant non-motor sequelae, including disruptions in cognitive and emotional processing. Fear recognition appears to be affected both by the course of the disease and by a common interventional therapy, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS). Here, we examined if these effects extend to other aspects of emotional processing, such as attentional capture by negative emotional stimuli. Performance on an emotional attentional blink (EAB) paradigm, a common paradigm used to study emotional capture of attention, was examined in a cohort of individuals with PD, both on and off STN-DBS therapy (n=20). To contrast effects of healthy aging and other movement disorder and DBS targets, we also examined performance in a healthy elderly (n=20) and young (n=18) sample on the same task, and a sample diagnosed with Essential Tremor (ET) undergoing therapeutic deep brain stimulation of the ventral-intermediate nucleus (VIM-DBS, n=18). All four groups showed a robust attentional capture of emotional stimuli, irrespective of aging processes, movement disorder diagnosis, or stimulation. PD patients on average had overall worse performance, but this decrement in performance was not related to the emotional capture of attention. PD patients exhibited a robust EAB, indicating that the ability of emotion to direct attention remains intact in PD. Congruent with other recent data, these findings suggest that fear recognition deficits in PD may instead reflect a highly specific problem in recognition, rather than a general deficit in emotional processing of fearful stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corrie R Camalier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Stark AJ, Smith CT, Petersen KJ, Trujillo P, van Wouwe NC, Donahue MJ, Kessler RM, Deutch AY, Zald DH, Claassen DO. [ 18F]fallypride characterization of striatal and extrastriatal D 2/3 receptors in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:433-442. [PMID: 29541577 PMCID: PMC5849871 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by widespread degeneration of monoaminergic (especially dopaminergic) networks, manifesting with a number of both motor and non-motor symptoms. Regional alterations to dopamine D2/3 receptors in PD patients are documented in striatal and some extrastriatal areas, and medications that target D2/3 receptors can improve motor and non-motor symptoms. However, data regarding the combined pattern of D2/3 receptor binding in both striatal and extrastriatal regions in PD are limited. We studied 35 PD patients off-medication and 31 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) using PET imaging with [18F]fallypride, a high affinity D2/3 receptor ligand, to measure striatal and extrastriatal D2/3 nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND). PD patients completed PET imaging in the off medication state, and motor severity was concurrently assessed. Voxel-wise evaluation between groups revealed significant BPND reductions in PD patients in striatal and several extrastriatal regions, including the locus coeruleus and mesotemporal cortex. A region-of-interest (ROI) based approach quantified differences in dopamine D2/3 receptors, where reduced BPND was noted in the globus pallidus, caudate, amygdala, hippocampus, ventral midbrain, and thalamus of PD patients relative to HC subjects. Motor severity positively correlated with D2/3 receptor density in the putamen and globus pallidus. These findings support the hypothesis that abnormal D2/3 expression occurs in regions related to both the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD, including areas richly invested with noradrenergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Stark
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Kalen J Petersen
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Paula Trujillo
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nelleke C van Wouwe
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Robert M Kessler
- Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ariel Y Deutch
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David H Zald
- Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hopwood CJ, Kotov R, Krueger RF, Watson D, Widiger TA, Althoff RR, Ansell EB, Bach B, Michael Bagby R, Blais MA, Bornovalova MA, Chmielewski M, Cicero DC, Conway C, De Clercq B, De Fruyt F, Docherty AR, Eaton NR, Edens JF, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hengartner MP, Ivanova MY, Leising D, John Livesley W, Lukowitsky MR, Lynam DR, Markon KE, Miller JD, Morey LC, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Hans Ormel J, Patrick CJ, Pincus AL, Ruggero C, Samuel DB, Sellbom M, Slade T, Tackett JL, Thomas KM, Trull TJ, Vachon DD, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Waugh MH, Wright AGC, Yalch MM, Zald DH, Zimmermann J. The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis. Personal Ment Health 2018; 12:82-86. [PMID: 29226598 PMCID: PMC5811364 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Kotov
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Bach
- Region Zealand Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Hans Ormel
- University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim Slade
- University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Claassen DO, Stark AJ, Spears CA, Petersen K, van Wouwe N, Kessler R, Zald DH, Donahue MJ. Mesocorticolimbic hemodynamic response in Parkinson's disease patients with compulsive behaviors. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1574-1583. [PMID: 28627133 PMCID: PMC5681361 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PD patients treated with dopamine therapy can develop maladaptive impulsive and compulsive behaviors, manifesting as repetitive participation in reward-driven activities. This behavioral phenotype implicates aberrant mesocorticolimbic network function, a concept supported by past literature. However, no study has investigated the acute hemodynamic response to dopamine agonists in this subpopulation. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that dopamine agonists differentially alter mesocortical and mesolimbic network activity in patients with impulsive-compulsive behaviors. METHODS Dopamine agonist effects on neuronal metabolism were quantified using arterial-spin-labeling MRI measures of cerebral blood flow in the on-dopamine agonist and off-dopamine states. The within-subject design included 34 PD patients, 17 with active impulsive compulsive behavior symptoms, matched for age, sex, disease duration, and PD severity. RESULTS Patients with impulsive-compulsive behaviors have a significant increase in ventral striatal cerebral blood flow in response to dopamine agonists. Across all patients, ventral striatal cerebral blood flow on-dopamine agonist is significantly correlated with impulsive-compulsive behavior severity (Questionnaire for Impulsive Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease- Rating Scale). Voxel-wise analysis of dopamine agonist-induced cerebral blood flow revealed group differences in mesocortical (ventromedial prefrontal cortex; insular cortex), mesolimbic (ventral striatum), and midbrain (SN; periaqueductal gray) regions. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that dopamine agonist therapy can augment mesocorticolimbic and striato-nigro-striatal network activity in patients susceptible to impulsive-compulsive behaviors. Our findings reinforce a wider literature linking studies of maladaptive behaviors to mesocorticolimbic networks and extend our understanding of biological mechanisms of impulsive compulsive behaviors in PD. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam J. Stark
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Kalen Petersen
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Robert Kessler
- Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David H. Zald
- Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Manus J. Donahue
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Herb JN, Rane S, Isaacs DA, Van Wouwe N, Roman OC, Landman BA, Dawant BM, Hedera P, Zald DH, Neimat JS, Wylie SA, Donahue MJ, Claassen DO. Cortical Implications of Advancing Age and Disease Duration in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Postural Instability and Gait Dysfunction. J Parkinsons Dis 2017; 6:441-51. [PMID: 27164041 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's Disease patients with predominant gait dysfunction appear to have reduced cortical thickness compared to other motor phenotypes. The extent to which advancing age or disease duration impact the pattern of these distinctions is unclear. OBJECTIVE We examine if PD patients with predominant signs of postural instability and gait dysfunction are distinguished by distinct patterns of cerebral atrophy, and how these differences are influenced by age and disease duration. METHODS The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Score (UPDRS) was administered to 196 PD patients (age = 61.4±8.9yrs) in the Off and On dopamine state. All completed a structural T1-weighted brain MRI. We defined 3 motor phenotypes: tremor dominant, akinetic-rigid, and postural instability with gait disorder. General linear modeling quantified cortical thickness in relation to disease duration, and motor improvement after dopaminergic therapy. Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were compared between the three motor subtypes, after controlling for disease duration and age. RESULTS We identified 177/196 patients who met criteria for a motor subtype. When corrected for disease duration, postural-instability patients had marked cortical thinning of the bilateral frontal-temporal and posterior cortical regions (cuneus/precuneus). After regressing for age, reduced frontal thickness was evident in patients with gait dysfunction. Widespread cortical thinning was associated with increasing disease duration and reduced motor improvement to dopaminergic therapy. CONCLUSIONS Results emphasize that the profile of motor signs, especially prominent gait manifestations, relate to cortical thinning in distinct regions. Unique patterns of atrophy appear to be driven by advancing pathology related to age and disease duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Herb
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Swati Rane
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David A Isaacs
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Olivia C Roman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benoit M Dawant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott A Wylie
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|