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Joyner KJ, Patrick CJ, Morris DH, McCarthy DM, Bartholow BD. Variants of the P3 event-related potential operate as indicators of distinct mechanisms contributing to problematic alcohol use. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01874-7. [PMID: 38734817 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Considerable research has linked relative reduction in the amplitude of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) during cognitive task performance (i.e., Target-P3) with increased risk of alcohol-related problems. A separate literature indicates that a relative increase in the amplitude of the P3 elicited by cues signaling alcohol availability (i.e., ACR-P3) also is associated with alcohol use and problems. To date, no research has integrated these seemingly discrepant findings. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that P3 amplitudes elicited in different task contexts reflect distinct domains of functioning relevant to problematic alcohol involvement (PAI), and therefore can inform heterogeneity in the etiology of PAI. 156 emerging adults (61% women; 88% White/Non-Hispanic) completed a mental rotation task and a picture-viewing task while ERPs were recorded. Participants also completed questionnaire measures of trait disinhibition, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems. Findings from regression analyses indicated that (a) Target-P3 was negatively associated and ACR-P3 was positively associated with a PAI latent variable; (b) the two P3s accounted for unique variance in PAI, beyond that accounted for by recent drinking; and (c) the association between Target-P3 and PAI-but not ACR-P3 and PAI-was statistically mediated by trait disinhibition. The present findings highlight the unique contributions of distinct functional domains associated with disinhibition and incentive salience in the etiology of PAI. Moreover, findings are consistent with a nuanced understanding of the P3 ERP, whereby its specific meaning varies according to the task context in which it is elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - David H Morris
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Denis M McCarthy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Bradford DE, DeFalco A, Perkins ER, Carbajal I, Kwasa J, Goodman FR, Jackson F, Richardson LNS, Woodley N, Neuberger L, Sandoval JA, Huang HJ, Joyner KJ. Whose Signals Are Being Amplified? Toward a More Equitable Clinical Psychophysiology. Clin Psychol Sci 2024; 12:237-252. [PMID: 38645420 PMCID: PMC11028731 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Research using psychophysiological methods holds great promise for refining clinical assessment, identifying risk factors, and informing treatment. Unfortunately, unique methodological features of existing approaches limit inclusive research participation and, consequently, generalizability. This brief overview and commentary provides a snapshot of the current state of representation in clinical psychophysiology, with a focus on the forms and consequences of ongoing exclusion of Black participants. We illustrate issues of inequity and exclusion that are unique to clinical psychophysiology, considering intersections among social constructions of Blackness and biased design of current technology used to measure electroencephalography, skin conductance, and other signals. We then highlight work by groups dedicated to quantifying and addressing these limitations. We discuss the need for reflection and input from a wider variety of stakeholders to develop and refine new technologies, given the risk of further widening disparities. Finally, we provide broad recommendations for clinical psychophysiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iván Carbajal
- Oregon State University, School of Psychological Science
| | - Jasmine Kwasa
- Carnegie Mellon University, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition
| | - Fallon R. Goodman
- George Washington University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Helen J. Huang
- University of Central Florida, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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Oddo LE, Joyner KJ, Murphy JG, Acuff SF, Marsh NP, Steinberg A, Chronis-Tuscano A. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with more alcohol problems and less substance-free reinforcement: A behavioral economics daily diary study of college student drinkers. Psychol Addict Behav 2024:2024-48308-001. [PMID: 38271078 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioral economic theory suggests that alcohol risk is related to elevated alcohol reinforcing efficacy (demand) combined with diminished availability of reinforcing substance-free activities, but little research has examined these reward-related processes at the daily level in association with comorbid conditions that might influence behavioral patterns and reward. Young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report high levels of risky drinking, and this risk may be due in part to elevated demand for alcohol and diminished engagement in enjoyable and valued substance-free activities. METHOD College student drinkers (N = 101; 48.5% female; 68.3% White; 18-22 years old) with (n = 51) and without (n = 50) ADHD completed 14 consecutive daily diaries (diary entry n = 1,414). We conducted a series of multilevel path models to examine (a) the associations among ADHD and average daily alcohol demand, substance-free enjoyment, and response contingent positive reinforcement (RCPR) for goal-directed behaviors; (b) the associations among concurrent daily alcohol demand, substance-free reinforcement, and RCPR for goal-directed behaviors and daily alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences; and (c) the moderating effect of ADHD on these within-day associations. RESULTS ADHD was significantly associated with more daily alcohol-related negative consequences and less daily substance-free enjoyment and RCPR. Regardless of ADHD status, there were significant associations among behavioral economic risk factors and alcohol use and negative consequences, though effects differed within and between persons. There were no moderating effects of ADHD on within-person associations. CONCLUSIONS Results expose areas of impairment specific to drinkers with ADHD and advance theory on ADHD and hazardous drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
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4
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Fitzgerald EH, Joyner KJ, Keel PK. Examining trait-like factors as predictors of state-level responses to food intake in women with bulimia nervosa, purging disorder, and controls. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:2328-2335. [PMID: 37850623 PMCID: PMC10841483 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Theories suggest that elevated negative affect and weight/shape concerns explain both who is affected by bulimic symptoms as well as when bulimic symptoms occur, suggesting that individual differences predict within-subject differences. However, few studies have tested this theoretical premise. METHOD In the present study, participants (N = 119) diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (N = 57), purging disorder (N = 31), and non-eating disorder controls (N = 31) completed measures of negative affect and weight/shape concerns and later made momentary affect and weight/shape concerns ratings before and after an ad lib meal. RESULTS State negative affect and weight/shape concerns increased post-meal. No moderating effect of trait negative affect was observed for state affect. In contrast, between-subject differences in weight/shape concerns moderated within-subject increases in state weight/shape concerns. Diagnostic group did not account for this effect. DISCUSSION Findings point to viable treatment targets for disordered eating. Targeting elevated weight/shape concerns early in interventions could facilitate reductions in purging after food intake for bulimia nervosa and purging disorder. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE In the present study, individual differences in weight/shape concerns at baseline predicted greater increases in state weight/shape concerns following eating. These effects were maintained when considering possible differences related to presence and type of eating disorder. Results suggest that targeting weight/shape concerns earlier in treatment may be important for reducing maladaptive responses to eating across eating disorders.
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Yarrington JS, Montgomery C, Joyner KJ, O'Connor MF, Wolitzky-Taylor K. Evaluating training needs in clinical psychology doctoral programs. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:2304-2316. [PMID: 37310160 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advances in clinical psychology must be accompanied by advances in training. This study assessed training content, quality, and needs during clinical psychology doctoral programs among current or past doctoral students. METHODS Current or past clinical psychology doctoral students (N = 343) completed an anonymous survey assessing training experiences and needs. A descriptive-focused exploratory factor analysis (EFA) also examined whether common subgroups of academic interests emerged. RESULTS Most participants reported that they sought training beyond required coursework, primarily in clinical training, cultural competency, and professional development, and reported having taken one or more unhelpful course, including discipline-specific knowledge requirements. Descriptive results from the EFA demonstrated common training areas of interest: diversity topics, biological sciences, clinical practice, and research methods. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates that trainees and early career psychologists are aware of their nuanced and in some cases, unmet training needs. CONCLUSION This work foregrounds the need to adapt extant training opportunities to support the next generation of clinical psychologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Yarrington
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Kate Wolitzky-Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Joyner KJ, Perkins ER. Challenges and ways forward in bridging units of analysis in clinical psychological science. J Psychopathol Clin Sci 2023; 132:888-896. [PMID: 37843543 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
For decades, experiential measures (i.e., self- and informant-report) have dominated clinical psychological science as the primary methods of investigating the nature, causes, and consequences of psychopathology. Recent efforts to understand psychopathology in a comprehensive manner, bridging across measurement modalities and study designs, have yielded disappointing results and small cross-domain effect sizes. This problem has stymied progress in diagnosing and treating mental illness. We contend that we continue to struggle to link different units of analysis in psychopathology research because, as a field, we have not learned the lessons that have been detailed in the literature since at least the 1950s. We argue that our reliance on single units of analysis (e.g., only self-report or only neuroimaging) to conceptualize and operationalize psychological constructs lies at the heart of our struggles. Conflation of a construct with its operationalization in a single measurement modality fundamentally limits the ability to understand its manifestation in other units of analysis. To make progress toward a fine-grained understanding of the symptoms, signs, and mechanisms of psychopathology, we must move past the siloed reification of constructs and prioritize new, integrated research paradigms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Torralba WMR, Savio MT, Huang X, Manchanda P, Steiger M, Bharucha T, López MM, Joyner KJ, Guevara RL. The cognitive adaptability and resiliency employment screener (CARES): tool development and testing. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1254147. [PMID: 37840784 PMCID: PMC10570752 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1254147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To decrease psychological risk for content moderators, the study initiated the first steps of developing a robust employment screening tool, namely, the Cognitive Adaptability and Resiliency Employment Screener. Method The study consisted of three phases with 4,839 total participants. Results In Phase 1, a set of 76 items were developed and tested via exploratory factor analysis, yielding three factors (i.e., Psychological Perseverance & Agility, Rumination & Emotional Lingering, and Expressiveness & Sociability) and also reducing the scale to 68 items. In Phase 2 through confirmatory factor analysis, the three-factor structure showed good fit (CFI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.05) and demonstrated sufficient overall reliability. In Phase 3, the convergent validity and divergent validity of the tool were established relative to constructs such as resilience, cognitive control and flexibility, emotion regulation, and optimism. Discussion Altogether, the findings revealed that the scale demonstrated good psychometric properties that, pending future studies, may serve as a promising employment screener for content moderators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - María Martín López
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Keanan J. Joyner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Gebru NM, Jones DN, Murphy JG, Joyner KJ. A hypothetical lottery task to assess relative resource allocation toward alcohol and cannabis. Psychol Addict Behav 2023; 37:144-155. [PMID: 36521143 PMCID: PMC9851954 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Relative spending on substances (vs. alternatives) is predictive of several substance use outcomes, but it can be challenging to assess. We examined a novel method of assessing relative resource allocation through the use of a hypothetical lottery task wherein participants assume they collected $100,000 United States dollars in lottery winnings and were tasked with allocating their winnings across spending categories (e.g., savings, leisure, alcohol, cannabis). We hypothesized relative allocation of funds toward alcohol and cannabis would be positively associated with more use and problems of each substance. METHOD College students (N = 479; Mage = 19.9 [SD = 2.2]) reported on their substance use and problems, alcohol and cannabis demand, and the hypothetical lottery task. RESULTS Relative resource allocation toward alcohol and cannabis on the lottery task positively correlated with alcohol and cannabis demand indices (intensity, breakpoint, Omax, and elasticity [negatively]), respectively. Using zero-inflated modeling, greater relative allocation toward alcohol positively related to alcohol use and problems in models that controlled for alcohol demand indices. For cannabis, relative resource allocation was also positively associated with cannabis use, but not problems, independently from cannabis demand indices. CONCLUSIONS Results provide initial support for the hypothetical lottery task as an indicator of relative resource allocation toward substances. Generally, these results extend previous behavioral economic research demonstrating the utility of relative resource allocation as a unique predictor of clinically relevant outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nioud Mulugeta Gebru
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida
| | | | | | - Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
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Perkins ER, Joyner KJ, Foell J, Drislane LE, Brislin SJ, Frick PJ, Yancey JR, Soto EF, Ganley CM, Keel PK, Sica C, Flor H, Nees F, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Patrick CJ. Assessing general versus specific liability for externalizing problems in adolescence: Concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and substance use. J Psychopathol Clin Sci 2022; 131:793-807. [PMID: 36222627 PMCID: PMC9710196 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the generality versus specificity of two trait-liability factors for externalizing problems-disinhibition and callousness-in the concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and substance use (i.e., alcohol use disorder and history of illicit substance use). Disinhibition involves an impulsive, unrestrained cognitive-behavioral style; callousness entails a dispositional lack of social-emotional sensitivity. Participants were European adolescents from the multisite IMAGEN project who completed questionnaires and clinical interviews at ages 14 (N = 1,504, Mage = 14.41, 51.13% female) and 16 (N = 1,407, Mage = 16.46, 51.88% female). Disinhibition was related concurrently and prospectively to greater symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and alcohol use disorder; higher scores on a general externalizing factor; and greater likelihood of having tried an illicit substance. Callousness was selectively related to greater conduct disorder symptoms. These findings indicate disinhibition confers broad liability for externalizing spectrum disorders, perhaps due to its affiliated deficits in executive function. In contrast, callousness appears to represent more specific liability for antagonistic (aggressive/exploitative) forms of externalizing, as exemplified by antisocial behavior. Results support the utility of developmental-ontogenetic and hierarchical-dimensional models of psychopathology and have important implications for early assessment of risk for externalizing problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul J. Frick
- Louisiana State University, USA
- Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - James R. Yancey
- Rocky Mountain Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, USA
- University of Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Herta Flor
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein – Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Penny Gowland
- University of Nottingham – University Park, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
| | | | | | - Sarah Hohmann
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Gunter Schumann
- King’s College London, United Kingdom
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Germany
- Fudan University, China
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Drislane LE, Sica C, Lowman KL, Colpizzi I, Joyner KJ, Bottesi G, Patrick CJ. Latent variable model of triarchic psychopathy constructs in an incarcerated offender sample: Factor reliability and validity. Psychol Assess 2022; 34:899-911. [PMID: 35849405 DOI: 10.1037/pas0001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The triarchic model of psychopathy posits that three distinct trait dispositions-disinhibition, meanness, and boldness-contribute to the interpersonal, affective, and impulsive-unrestrained features of this condition and is represented to varying degrees in all conceptualizations and measures of psychopathy. Using data for incarcerated males (n = 273) and females (n = 83) from 10 different prisons in Italy, we specified a latent variable model of the triarchic trait constructs in which scale measures of disinhibition, meanness, and boldness composed of items from the following inventories served as indicators: Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form, and NEO Five Factor Inventory. A correlated three-factor solution evidenced adequate model fit, with individual triarchic trait scales loading strongly onto their target factors. The model exhibited comparable fit and factor loadings when specified using data for males only, and its factors showed expected relations with pertinent criterion variables, including measures of normative personality and clinical dysfunction along with staff ratings of prison behavior and release prognosis. Extending prior research with nonclinical participants from the U.S., present study results demonstrate the viability of a latent variable model of the triarchic traits in an incarcerated offender sample from a separate culture (Italy). The significance of this work lies in the potential of the triarchic traits to serve as conceptual-empirical points of reference for integrating findings across studies of psychopathy employing diverse samples and assessment measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Keel PK, Kennedy GA, Rogers ML, Joyner KJ, Bodell LP, Forney KJ, Duffy ME. Reliability and validity of a transdiagnostic measure of reward valuation effort. Psychol Assess 2022; 34:419-430. [PMID: 35025580 PMCID: PMC10026017 DOI: 10.1037/pas0001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To identify biobehavioral mechanisms underlying excessive reward consumption, reward valuation-effort (RV-E) assessments should (a) parallel measures in basic science to permit translation from preclinical to clinical studies; (b) quantify constructs dimensionally from healthy to disease states; and (c) hold relevance across different diagnostic categories. To address these aims, we developed a progressive ratio (PR) task whereby RV-E is measured as breakpoint when participants worked for access to playing a game. We evaluated test-retest reliability of breakpoint and convergent and discriminant validity of interpretations of this score against an established PR task for food. In Study 1, female undergraduates (N = 71; 33% racial minority; 28% ethnic minority) completed the game and food tasks in fasted and fed states. In Study 2, women (N = 189; 29% racial minority; 27% ethnic minority) with eating disorders (n = 158) were compared to controls (n = 31) on tasks. Game task breakpoint demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = .91, 95% CI [.80, -.96], over 2 weeks and convergent validity with the fasted food task (r = .51, p < .001). Consistent with animal models, breakpoint was lower in fed compared to fasted states across tasks, B (SE) = 321.01 (552.40), p < .001. Finally, the game task demonstrated discriminant validity from measurement of satiation. In Study 2, women with eating disorders demonstrated higher breakpoint on both tasks compared to controls, and game PR task breakpoint decreased from a fasted to fed state. The game PR task offers a novel approach for translating results from animal models of RV-E into testable hypotheses in nonclinical and clinical samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela K. Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
- Denotes co-first authorship. Corresponding author: Pamela K. Keel, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306. ; 850-645-9140
| | - Grace A. Kennedy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4494 Palmer Road N, Bethesda, MD 20814
- Denotes co-first authorship. Corresponding author: Pamela K. Keel, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306. ; 850-645-9140
| | - Megan L. Rogers
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York NY, 10003, USA
| | - Keanan J. Joyner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
| | - Lindsay P. Bodell
- Department of Psychology, Western University, 361 Windermere Road, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - K. Jean Forney
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University; 22 Richland Ave, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Mary E. Duffy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
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Yancey JR, Bowyer CB, Roberts KE, Jones D, Joyner KJ, Foell J, McGlade EC, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Boot WR, Patrick CJ. Boldness moderates cognitive performance under acute threat: Evidence from a task-switching paradigm involving cueing for shock. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2022; 48:549-562. [PMID: 35446089 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding factors that influence behavioral performance in high-pressure contexts is relevant to critical occupations such as first responders, military personnel, and frontline medical workers. A recent study by Yancey et al. (2019) demonstrated an association between boldness, a biobehavioral trait reflecting social dominance and fearlessness, and enhanced task-switching performance during threat of shock relative to a no-shock (safe) condition. This study used a sustained threat manipulation in which cues signaling possible shock were present throughout blocks of multiple task trials. Here, we extended this work by evaluating the relationship between boldness and task-switching performance under acute threat of shock conditions, in which cues signaling possible shock occurred during individual task trials, intermingled with safe trials. Participants (N = 79) completed a task-switching procedure involving acute threat of shock in which unwarned noise probes were presented to elicit blink-startle responses. Boldness was associated with better switching performance under threat versus safe conditions, with high-bold participants who exhibited low startle potentiation during threat showing the best performance. These findings provide additional evidence that dispositional boldness is a meaningful individual difference characteristic related to effective performance in high-pressure situations and have implications for personnel selection and assignment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Yancey
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erin C McGlade
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
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13
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Martins JS, Joyner KJ, McCarthy DM, Morris DH, Patrick CJ, Bartholow BD. Differential brain responses to alcohol-related and natural rewards are associated with alcohol use and problems: Evidence for reward dysregulation. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13118. [PMID: 34877771 PMCID: PMC8891069 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple theoretical perspectives posit that drug use leads to biased valuation of drug-related reward, at the expense of naturally occurring rewarding activities (i.e., reward dysregulation). Recent research suggests that the comparative balance of drug-related and nondrug-related reward valuation is a powerful determinant of substance misuse and addiction. We examined differential neurophysiological responses-indexed with the P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP)-elicited by visual alcohol cues and cues depicting natural reward as a neurobiological indicator of problematic drinking. Nondependent, young adult drinkers (N = 143, aged 18-30 years) completed questionnaire measures assessing alcohol use and problems, and viewed alcohol cues (pictures of alcoholic beverages), high-arousing natural reward cues (erotica, adventure scenes), nonalcoholic beverage cues, and neutral scenes (e.g., household items) while ERPs were recorded. When examined separately, associations of P3-ERP reactivity to alcohol cues and natural reward cues with alcohol use and problems were weak. However, differential P3 response to the two types of cues (i.e., reward dysregulation P3) showed consistent and robust associations with all indices of alcohol use and problems and differentiated high-risk from lower-risk drinkers. The current results support the idea that the differential incentive-motivational value of alcohol, relative to naturally rewarding activities, is associated with increased risk for substance misuse and dependence, and highlight a novel neurophysiological indicator-the reward dysregulation P3-of this differential reward valuation.
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14
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Moriarity DP, Joyner KJ, Slavich GM, Alloy LB. Unconsidered issues of measurement noninvariance in biological psychiatry: A focus on biological phenotypes of psychopathology. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1281-1285. [PMID: 34997192 PMCID: PMC9106809 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing appreciation that certain biological processes may not be equally related to all psychiatric symptoms in a given diagnostic category. Research on the biological phenotyping of psychopathology has begun examining the etiological and treatment implications of identified biotypes; however, little attention has been paid to a critical methodological implication of these results: measurement noninvariance. Measurement invariance is the ability of an instrument to measure the same construct, the same way, across different people, or across different time points for the same individual. If what a measure quantifies differs across different people (e.g., those with or without a particular biotype) or time points, then it is invalid to directly compare means on that measure. Using a running example of inflammatory phenotypes of depression, we first describe the biological phenotyping of psychopathology. Second, we discuss three types of measurement invariance. Third, we demonstrate how differential biology-symptom associations invariably creates measurement noninvariance using a theoretical example and simulated data (for which code is provided). We also show how this issue can lead to false conclusions about the broader diagnostic construct. Finally, we provide several suggestions for addressing these important issues to help advance the field of biological psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Moriarity
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard University Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
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15
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Abstract
The accuracy of certain internal consistency estimators have been questioned in recent years. The present study tests the accuracy of six reliability estimators (Cronbach's alpha, omega, omega hierarchical, Revelle's omega, and greatest lower bound) in 140 simulated conditions of unidimensional continuous data with uncorrelated errors with varying sample sizes, number of items, population reliabilities, and factor loadings. Estimators that have been proposed to replace alpha were compared with the performance of alpha as well as to each other. Estimates of reliability were shown to be affected by sample size, degree of violation of tau equivalence, population reliability, and number of items in a scale. Under the conditions simulated here, estimates quantified by alpha and omega yielded the most accurate reflection of population reliability values. A follow-up regression comparing alpha and omega revealed alpha to be more sensitive to degree of violation of tau equivalence, whereas omega was affected greater by sample size and number of items, especially when population reliability was low.
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16
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Murphy JG, Campbell KW, Joyner KJ, Dennhardt AA, Martens MP, Borsari B. Trajectories of reward availability moderate the impact of brief alcohol interventions on alcohol severity in heavy-drinking young adults. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2147-2159. [PMID: 34342015 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral economic theory predicts that low access to environmental reward is a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The Substance-Free Activity Session (SFAS) is a behavioral economic supplement to standard brief alcohol interventions that attempts to increase environmental reward and may therefore have beneficial effects, particularly for individuals with low levels of environmental reward. METHODS Participants were 393 college students who reported at least 2 heavy-drinking episodes in the past month. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions following a baseline assessment: a standard alcohol-focused brief motivational intervention plus relaxation training session (BMI + RT), BMI plus Substance-Free Activity Session (BMI + SFAS), or an assessment-only control condition (AO). In a secondary analysis of the data from this study, we used person-centered statistical techniques to describe trajectories of alcohol severity and environmental reward over a 16-month follow-up and examined whether environmental reward levels moderated the effectiveness of the interventions. RESULTS Piecewise growth mixture modeling identified 2 trajectories of reward availability: low increasing (LR; n = 120) and high stable (HR; n = 273). Depressive symptoms, cannabis use, sensation seeking, and low life satisfaction were associated with a greater probability of classification in the LR trajectory. Alcohol severity was greater in the LR trajectory than the HR trajectory. For students in the LR trajectory, at 1, 6, and 12 months, BMI + SFAS led to greater increases in reward availability and reduced levels of alcohol severity compared with the BMI + RT and AO conditions and at 16 months compared with AO. CONCLUSIONS Young adults with low levels of environmental reward are at heightened risk for greater alcohol severity and may show greater benefit from brief alcohol interventions that focus on increasing substance-free reward than individuals who are not deficient in reward availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Murphy
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin W Campbell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Ashley A Dennhardt
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew P Martens
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian Borsari
- Mental Health Service (116B, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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17
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Perkins ER, Joyner KJ, Patrick CJ, Bartholow BD, Latzman RD, DeYoung CG, Kotov R, Reininghaus U, Cooper SE, Afzali MH, Docherty AR, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Goghari VM, Haltigan JD, Krueger RF, Martin EA, Michelini G, Ruocco AC, Tackett JL, Venables NC, Waldman ID, Zald DH. Neurobiology and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology: progress toward ontogenetically informed and clinically useful nosology
. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2021; 22:51-63. [PMID: 32699505 PMCID: PMC7365294 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2020.22.1/eperkins] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical structural
model of psychological symptoms formulated to improve the reliability and
validity of clinical assessment. Neurobiology can inform assessments of early
risk and intervention strategies, and the HiTOP model has greater potential to
interface with neurobiological measures than traditional categorical diagnoses
given its enhanced reliability. However, one complication is that observed
biological correlates of clinical symptoms can reflect various factors, ranging
from dispositional risk to consequences of psychopathology. In this paper, we
argue that the HiTOP model provides an optimized framework for conducting
research on the biological correlates of psychopathology from an ontogenetic
perspective that distinguishes among indicators of liability, current symptoms,
and consequences of illness. Through this approach, neurobiological research can
contribute more effectively to identifying individuals at high dispositional
risk, indexing treatment-related gains, and monitoring the consequences of
mental illness, consistent with the aims of the HiTOP framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Perkins
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, US. Authors contributed equally to manuscript
| | - Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, US. Authors contributed equally to manuscript
| | | | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, US
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, US
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, US
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel E Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, US
| | | | - Anna R Docherty
- DDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, US
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate - West, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Joint Base Lewis-McCord, Washington, US
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, US
| | - Vina M Goghari
- Department of Psychology and Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Haltigan
- DDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert F Krueger
- DDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- DDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, US
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, US
| | - Anthony C Ruocco
- Department of Psychology and Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Tackett
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, US
| | - Noah C Venables
- DMinneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, US
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, US
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18
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Nelson LD, Kramer MD, Joyner KJ, Patrick CJ, Stein MB, Temkin N, Levin HS, Whyte J, Markowitz AJ, Giacino J, Manley GT. Relationship between transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology and traumatic brain injury (TBI): A TRACK-TBI study. J Abnorm Psychol 2021; 130:423-434. [PMID: 34110838 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common, comorbid, and often disabling for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Identifying transdiagnostic symptom dimensions post-TBI may help overcome limitations of traditional psychiatric diagnoses and advance treatment development. We characterized the dimensional structure of neuropsychiatric symptoms at 2-weeks postinjury in n = 1,732 TBI patients and n = 238 orthopedic-injured trauma controls (OTC) from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) study. Symptoms were reported on the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression checklist, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PROMIS Pain Intensity scale, and Insomnia Severity Index. We established a novel factor model of neuropsychiatric symptoms and evaluated how 3 TBI severity strata and OTC patients differed in symptom severity. The final factor model had 6 first-order factors subsumed by 2 second-order factors: Internalizing (encompassing Depression, Anxiety, and Fear) and Somatic symptoms (Sleep, Physical, Pain). Somatic symptoms fit better as a correlated factor of (vs. a lower-order factor within) Internalizing. All symptom dimensions except for Pain were more severe in 1 or more TBI subgroups, as compared to the OTC group. Milder brain injury was generally associated with more severe symptoms, whereas more general injury severity (higher level of care, e.g., emergency department, intensive care unit) was associated with more pain. The findings indicate a broad factor resembling the internalizing factor of general psychopathology in traumatically injured patients, alongside a distinct somatic symptom factor. Brain injury, especially milder brain injury, may exacerbate liabilities toward these symptoms. These neuropsychiatric dimensions may help advance more precision medicine research for TBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Temkin
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Biostatistics
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19
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Joyner KJ, Yancey JR, Venables NC, Burwell SJ, Iacono WG, Patrick CJ. Reprint of: Using a co-twin control design to evaluate alternative trait measures as indices of liability for substance use disorders. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 163:58-66. [PMID: 33685652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To establish a trait-dispositional variable as an indicator of liability for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs), the trait must share heritable variance with SUDs and its association should not be primarily attributable to a direct impact of SUDs on characteristics that define the trait. The current work applied a co-twin control (CTC) modeling approach to data from two monozygotic twin samples to investigate the degree to which different measures of trait-impulsiveness represent indicants of vulnerability to SUDs (liability indicators), or outcomes or concomitants of SUDs (exposure indicators). The Five Factor Model (FFM) trait of conscientiousness was assessed via self-report, and a counterpart neurobehavioral trait of disinhibition was assessed both through self-report and using self-report and brain response measures combined. FFM trait data were available for one twin sample (N = 298); data for variants of P3 brain response were available along with a scale measure of disinhibition in the other (N = 258). CTC analyses revealed only an exposure effect of SUD symptomatology on FFM conscientiousness, indicating that this self-report assessed trait does not index liability for SUDs. By contrast, the disinhibition scale measure showed pronounced liability and weaker exposure-based associations with SUDs - and when quantified using scale scores together with P3 brain response, the exposure-based association was eliminated, such that this disinhibition measure related to SUD symptoms exclusively as a function of liability influences. These findings highlight a distinct advantage of quantifying traits in neurobehavioral terms - namely, the capacity to effectively index dispositional liability for psychopathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keanan J Joyner
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - James R Yancey
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Noah C Venables
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Scott J Burwell
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher J Patrick
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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20
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Joyner KJ, Daurio AM, Perkins ER, Patrick CJ, Latzman RD. The difference between trait disinhibition and impulsivity-and why it matters for clinical psychological science. Psychol Assess 2020; 33:29-44. [PMID: 33151728 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the psychological science field, there is substantial interest in quantifying individual differences in self-regulatory capacity because of its transdiagnostic relevance to various forms of psychopathology. Trait disinhibition and impulsiveness are popular conceptualizations of dispositions reflecting self-regulation of behavioral and emotional responding. In the literature, these constructs are often treated interchangeably because of their shared focus on general disconstraint and a lack of direct comparisons between measures of each. The current work used structural modeling to examine conceptual and empirical differences between 2 popular operationalizations of these traits in 2 samples (Ns = 400, 308), and employed regression and dominance analyses to compare their predictive relations with criterion measures of externalizing problems and negative affectivity (NA). Impulsigenic traits were related both to externalizing problems and NA, whereas trait disinhibition was selectively associated with externalizing. In a dominance analysis, trait disinhibition exhibited complete dominance over all impulsigenic traits in predicting externalizing problems. Conversely, multiple impulsigenic traits evidenced complete dominance over trait disinhibition in prediction of NA. The current work provides evidence that (a) disinhibition and impulsigenic traits are not interchangeable, (b) disinhibition specifically indexes propensity for externalizing problems, and (c) impulsigenic traits reflect a blend of externalizing and NA that appears relevant to diverse forms of psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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21
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Patrick CJ, Joyner KJ, Watts AL, Lilienfeld SO, Somma A, Fossati A, Donnellan MB, Hopwood CJ, Sellbom M, Drislane LE, Edens JF, Verona E, Latzman RD, Sica C, Benning SD, Morey LC, Hicks BM, Fanti KA, Blonigen DM, Molto J, Kramer MD, Krueger RF. Latent variable modeling of item-based factor scales: Comment on Triarchic or septarchic?-Uncovering the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure's (TriPM) Structure, by Roy et al. Personal Disord 2020; 12:16-23. [PMID: 33001671 DOI: 10.1037/per0000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We critique Roy et al.'s (2020; this issue) approach to characterizing the item-level factor structure of the three scales of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM), in light of the manner in which the TriPM scales were developed, the purposes they were designed to serve, and the growing body of evidence supporting their construct validity. We focus on three major points: (1) The TriPM scales are item-based factor scales - i.e., item sets designed to index broad factors of larger multi-scale (parent) inventories; (2) item-level structural analysis can be useful for representing broad dimensions tapped by such scales, but it cannot be expected to provide an accurate picture of narrower subdimensions (facets) assessed by their parent inventories; and (3) it is critical to consider the nomological networks of the TriPM scales (and other triarchic scale measures) in appraising their effectiveness as operationalizations of the triarchic model constructs. We illustrate the first and second of these points by applying Roy et al.'s analytic approach to the trait scales of the NEO-FFI, which were developed to index broad personality dimensions of the multi-scale NEO-PI-R. We address the third point with reference to the growing body of literature supporting the construct validity of the TriPM scales and demonstrating their utility for advancing an integrative understanding of psychopathy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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22
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Abstract
The DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) groups traits into domains based on factor analyses of self-report data. AMPD traits may need to be configured differently to interface with neurobiology. Focusing on biobehavioral risk for externalizing problems in 334 adults, the authors used structural modeling to evaluate how well alternative configurations of AMPD traits, operationalized using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), interface with neural indicators of externalizing liability. A model specifying two correlated factors defined by traits within the PID-5 Disinhibition domain and brain-response indicators of externalizing proneness exhibited inadequate fit. However, a model using PID-5 traits with better coverage of biobehavioral externalizing liability evidenced good fit. Scores on this PID-5 trait factor, termed "PID-5 Externalizing Proneness," converged well with criterion measures of externalizing proneness and diverged from measures of threat sensitivity. Findings illustrate how AMPD traits can be configured for use in investigations of biobehavioral risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jens Foell
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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23
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Cougle JR, McDermott KA, Hakes JK, Joyner KJ. Personality disorders and social support in cannabis dependence: A comparison with alcohol dependence. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:26-31. [PMID: 31957689 PMCID: PMC7065916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use disorder (CUD) has been linked to personality disorders (PDs) and interpersonal problems, though these relationships have been understudied. We examined PDs and social support associated with cannabis dependence and how it may be distinguishable from alcohol dependence on these indices in a large representative sample. METHOD Data on social support and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV substance dependence and PDs were assessed in Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N > 34,500). RESULTS Cannabis dependence was associated with higher rates of personality disorders and lower social support. Lifetime cannabis dependence without alcohol dependence was associated with higher rates of all PDs than alcohol dependence without cannabis dependence (with the exception of borderline PD). Cannabis dependence alone was also associated with lower social support than alcohol dependence alone. LIMITATIONS The survey was conducted in 2004-2005 and relied on DSM-IV criteria. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight a broad range of PDs as well as deficits in social support in cannabis dependence. The potential interrelationships between interpersonal dysfunction and CUD as well as the relevance of PDs to treatment for CUD warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R Cougle
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee 32304, FL, USA.
| | - Katherine A McDermott
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee 32304, FL, USA.
| | - Jahn K Hakes
- Center for Economic Studies, US Census Bureau, Suitland, Maryland, USA.
| | - Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee 32304, FL, USA.
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24
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Joyner KJ, Yancey JR, Venables NC, Burwell SJ, Iacono WG, Patrick CJ. Using a co-twin control design to evaluate alternative trait measures as indices of liability for substance use disorders. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 148:75-83. [PMID: 31857192 PMCID: PMC10659239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To establish a trait-dispositional variable as an indicator of liability for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs), the trait must share heritable variance with SUDs and its association should not be primarily attributable to a direct impact of SUDs on characteristics that define the trait. The current work applied a co-twin control (CTC) modeling approach to data from two monozygotic twin samples to investigate the degree to which different measures of trait-impulsiveness represent indicants of vulnerability to SUDs (liability indicators), or outcomes or concomitants of SUDs (exposure indicators). The Five Factor Model (FFM) trait of conscientiousness was assessed via self-report, and a counterpart neurobehavioral trait of disinhibition was assessed both through self-report and using self-report and brain response measures combined. FFM trait data were available for one twin sample (N = 298); data for variants of P3 brain response were available along with a scale measure of disinhibition in the other (N = 258). CTC analyses revealed only an exposure effect of SUD symptomatology on FFM conscientiousness, indicating that this self-report assessed trait does not index liability for SUDs. By contrast, the disinhibition scale measure showed pronounced liability and weaker exposure-based associations with SUDs - and when quantified using scale scores together with P3 brain response, the exposure-based association was eliminated, such that this disinhibition measure related to SUD symptoms exclusively as a function of liability influences. These findings highlight a distinct advantage of quantifying traits in neurobehavioral terms - namely, the capacity to effectively index dispositional liability for psychopathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keanan J Joyner
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - James R Yancey
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Noah C Venables
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Scott J Burwell
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher J Patrick
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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25
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Joyner KJ, Meshesha LZ, Dennhardt A, Borsari B, Martens MP, Murphy JG. High Opportunity Cost Demand as an Indicator of Weekday Drinking and Distinctly Severe Alcohol Problems: A Behavioral Economic Analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2607-2619. [PMID: 31661166 PMCID: PMC6904428 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavioral economic theory views addiction as a reinforcer pathology characterized by excessive demand for drugs relative to alternatives. Complementary to this theory, Lamb and Ginsburg (Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 164, 2018, 62) describe addiction as a behavioral allocation disorder and predict that decisions to drink under increasingly stringent constraints are a central indicator of addiction. This study used a modified demand-curve paradigm to examine alcohol demand in the context of a next-day contingency (high opportunity cost demand) as a specific indicator of a severe pattern of alcohol problems. METHODS Participants were 370 undergraduates (61.1% female, 86.5% white, Mage = 18.8) reporting multiple past-month heavy drinking episodes (5/4 drinks per occasion for men/women) who completed 2 versions of an alcohol purchase task (APT), along with measures of past-month alcohol use and problems. In 1 APT (low opportunity cost), students imagined they had no next-day responsibilities, and in the other APT (high opportunity cost), they imagined having a 10:00 am test the next day. Item-response theory analyses were used to determine mild and severe alcohol problems from the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 67, 2006, 169), and the most and least severe binge drinking days throughout the week. RESULTS Low opportunity cost demand (β = 0.15, p = 0.02) significantly predicted beyond high opportunity cost demand for the least severe problems, and high opportunity cost demand (β = 0.17, p = 0.009) significantly predicted beyond low opportunity cost demand for the most severe problems. Similarly, low opportunity cost demand (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) was more highly associated with weekend drinking, whereas high opportunity cost demand (β = 0.21, p = 0.001) was more highly associated with weekday drinking. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest high opportunity cost alcohol demand is a distinct marker of severe alcohol problems among college student heavy drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keanan J. Joyner
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 W Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
| | - Lidia Z. Meshesha
- Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Ashley Dennhardt
- University of Memphis, Department of Psychology, 400 Innovation Dr., Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Brian Borsari
- Mental Health Service (116B), San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco CA 94121 and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Matthew P. Martens
- University of Missouri, Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, 203 Jesse Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - James G. Murphy
- University of Memphis, Department of Psychology, 400 Innovation Dr., Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Joyner KJ, Bowyer CB, Yancey JR, Venables NC, Foell J, Worthy DA, Hajcak G, Bartholow BD, Patrick CJ. Blunted Reward Sensitivity and Trait Disinhibition Interact to Predict Substance Use Problems. Clin Psychol Sci 2019; 7:1109-1124. [PMID: 31853427 DOI: 10.1177/2167702619838480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reward deficit models of addiction posit weaknesses in reward sensitivity to be promotive of substance dependence, while the externalizing spectrum model views substance problems as arising in large part from a general disinhibitory liability. The current study sought to integrate these perspectives by testing for separate and interactive associations of disinhibition and reward dysfunction with interview-assessed substance use disorders (SUDs). Community and college adults (N = 199) completed a scale measure of trait disinhibition and performed a gambling-feedback task yielding a neural index of reward sensitivity, the 'Reward Positivity' (RewP). Disinhibition and blunted RewP independently predicted SUDs, and also operated synergistically, such that participants - in particular, men - with high levels of disinhibition together with blunted RewP exhibited especially severe substance problems. Though limited by its cross-sectional design, this work provides new information about the interplay of disinhibition, reward processing, and gender in SUDs and suggests important directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jens Foell
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology
| | - Darrell A Worthy
- Texas A&M University, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology
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Bowyer CB, Joyner KJ, Yancey JR, Venables NC, Hajcak G, Patrick CJ. Toward a neurobehavioral trait conceptualization of depression proneness. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13367. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin B. Bowyer
- Department of Psychology Florida State University Tallahassee Florida
| | - Keanan J. Joyner
- Department of Psychology Florida State University Tallahassee Florida
| | - James R. Yancey
- Department of Psychology Florida State University Tallahassee Florida
| | - Noah C. Venables
- Department of Psychiatry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology Florida State University Tallahassee Florida
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Joyner KJ, Acuff SF, Meshesha LZ, Patrick CJ, Murphy JG. Alcohol family history moderates the association between evening substance-free reinforcement and alcohol problems. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 26:560-569. [PMID: 30148404 PMCID: PMC6283687 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral economic theories of substance abuse posit that deficits in substance-free reward increase risk for substance misuse, but little research has examined potential moderators of this relationship, including dispositional risk factors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that young adult heavy drinkers with family histories of alcohol misuse would show a stronger association specifically between low evening substance-free reinforcement and alcohol problems compared to those without a family history of alcohol misuse. Participants were 317 college students reporting heavy episodic drinking (Mage = 18.8, SD = 1.1, 61% female, 79% White) who completed a questionnaire about engagement and enjoyment in rewarding activities not involving substance use after 7 p.m., along with measures of personal and parental alcohol use/problems. Evening substance-free reinforcement was negatively associated with typical drinking level for women, but not for men. Family history status did not show a significant association with typical alcohol consumption or evening substance-free reinforcement (operationalized as activity participation × enjoyment), but did show a significant association with alcohol problems. Evening substance-free reinforcement was significantly negatively related to alcohol problems for both men and women. However, the presence of a family history of alcohol misuse moderated this relationship, such that only individuals with familial risk for alcohol misuse who reported lower evening substance-free reinforcement evidenced greater alcohol-related problems. These findings suggest that lower evening substance-free reinforcement is associated with alcohol misuse among young adults, and that this association is exacerbated among individuals with familial risk for developing alcohol problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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McDermott KA, Joyner KJ, Hakes JK, Okey SA, Cougle JR. Pain interference and alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use disorder in a national sample of substance users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 186:53-59. [PMID: 29550622 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain interference is associated with substance use, but has yet to be considered as a potential indicator of SUDs among substance users. We sought to examine whether moderate and high pain interference would confer risk for SUDs in ever and weekly users. METHODS Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between pain interference and concurrent and prospective alcohol and nicotine dependence, as well as concurrent cannabis use disorder. Those with no/low pain were used as the reference group. Gender was examined as a moderator. RESULTS Controlling for relevant covariates, moderate pain interference was associated with past year alcohol (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.16-1.52, p < .001) and nicotine (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.27-1.56, p < .001) dependence among ever users. In prospective analyses, moderate pain interference predicted the development of alcohol (Moderate: OR = 1.56, 95% CI, 1.39-1.75, p < .001) and nicotine (OR = 1.37, 95% CI, 1.14-1.65, p < .001) dependence. Similar results were found with high pain and for weekly users. Both moderate and high pain interference were associated with past-year occurrence of cannabis use disorder for women but not men. High pain predicted the development of nicotine dependence exclusively among males. CONCLUSION Pain interference may confer risk for the occurrence of cannabis use disorder among female cannabis users and the occurrence and development of alcohol and nicotine dependence among users of both genders. Pain interference may be an important factor to monitor in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jahn K Hakes
- Center for Administrative Records Research and Applications, US Census Bureau, Suitland, MD, USA
| | - Sarah A Okey
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jesse R Cougle
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Acuff SF, Luciano MT, Soltis KE, Joyner KJ, McDevitt-Murphy M, Murphy JG. Access to environmental reward mediates the relation between posttraumatic stress symptoms and alcohol problems and craving. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 26:177-185. [PMID: 29355348 PMCID: PMC5897140 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS) show significant comorbidity with alcohol use, but little is known about the mechanisms that might account for this comorbidity. Deficits in reward functioning have long been implicated in alcohol misuse and more recently in PTS reactions, but no study has examined whether reward deprivation may serve as a transdiagnostic risk factor for comorbid PTS-alcohol misuse. The current cross-sectional study sought to test the behavioral economic hypothesis that reward deprivation would be related to both PTS symptoms and alcohol problems, and would mediate the relation between PTS symptoms and alcohol problems in college students. We recruited a diverse sample of urban college students (N = 203, Mage = 21.5 years, SD = 5.5; 79.5% female; 56.8% White, 28.1% Black, .9% Asian, 9.8% Multiracial) who endorsed both alcohol use and PTS symptoms. Reward deprivation (lack of access to, and ability to, experience reward) was related to alcohol problems, and a lack of access to reward was related to PTS symptoms. Furthermore, reward access mediated the relation between PTS symptoms and alcohol problems and craving, after controlling for alcohol use, age, gender, and race. These data provide preliminary support for behavioral economic models of alcohol comorbidity and suggest that treatments for combined PTS and alcohol misuse should attempt to reduce barriers to accessing natural rewards. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Joyner KJ, Pickover AM, Soltis KE, Dennhardt AA, Martens MP, Murphy JG. Deficits in Access to Reward Are Associated with College Student Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2685-2691. [PMID: 27805267 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward deprivation has been implicated in major depressive disorder and severe substance abuse, but its potential relation to alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms in non-treatment-seeking young adult drinkers is less clear. Depression is often comorbid with alcohol misuse, so relations of AUD with reward deprivation might be due in part to the presence of depressive symptoms in young adults. Behavioral economic theory views addiction as a state that is related in part to deficits in drug-free rewards, and therefore requires an investigation into whether reward deprivation has a direct relation to alcohol misuse that is, at least partially, independent of mood. METHODS This study evaluates the contribution of 2 facets of reward deprivation (reward availability and experience) to alcohol use, AUD symptoms, and depression in a sample of young adult heavy episodic drinkers. Data were collected from 392 undergraduates (60.4% female, 85.1% Caucasian) who reported recent heavy drinking (83.7% with at least 1 AUD symptom). RESULTS Low reward availability (environmental suppression) was significantly associated with both DSM-5 AUD symptoms and alcohol-related problems after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptomatology, and drinking level. CONCLUSIONS This study provides support for behavioral economic models that emphasize reward deprivation as a unique risk factor for AUD that is independent of mood and drinking level. Limited access to natural rewards may be a risk and/or maintaining factor for AUD symptoms in college student drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | | | - Kathryn E Soltis
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Matthew P Martens
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James G Murphy
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
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Hocking B, Joyner KJ, Newman HH, Aldred RJ. Radiofrequency electric shock and burn. Med J Aust 1994; 161:683-5. [PMID: 7830637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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