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Marquardt CA, Chu C, Hill JE, Venables NC, Kuzenski L, Davenport ND, Disner SG, Finn JA, Gilmore CS, Erbes CR, Urošević S. Evaluating resilience in response to COVID-19 pandemic stressors among veteran mental health outpatients. J Psychopathol Clin Sci 2023; 132:26-37. [PMID: 36455008 PMCID: PMC9870973 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
There is a public health need to understand mental health vulnerabilities to COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors and promote resilience among high-risk populations with preexisting psychiatric conditions. Recent cross-sectional studies suggest increases in mental health distress (e.g., depression and anxiety) during the pandemic. The present study expands upon these emerging findings using longitudinal latent modeling and hierarchical linear regressions. Consistent with the developmental psychopathology literature on resilience, we distinguished between promotive or risk (i.e., main effect), and protective or vulnerability (i.e., moderation) effects on mental health during the pandemic. At a large medical center, 398 veterans receiving outpatient mental health care provided prepandemic (Time 1) and during pandemic (Time 2) assessments of mental and physical health-related distress. Additional Time 2 questionnaires assessed pandemic-related stressors and positive behavioral adaptations in the summer of 2020. As expected, total stressor scores predicted longitudinal worsening of self-reported mental (β = -.205) and physical health (β = -.217). Positive behavioral adaptations enacted during the pandemic moderated and protected against stressor effects on mental health (β = .160). In addition, the presence of substance use disorders moderated and conferred vulnerability to stressor effects on physical health (β = -.158). Thus, higher COVID-19 pandemic stressor exposure may have exacerbated mental and physical health distress among veterans with common forms of psychopathology. Nevertheless, behavioral activation, purposeful maintenance of social connections, and focused treatment for substance misuse may be important intervention targets for reducing the longitudinal impact of pandemic stressors and enhancing resilience among people with mental illness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Marquardt
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Carol Chu
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Jessica E. Hill
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Noah C. Venables
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Laci Kuzenski
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Nicholas D. Davenport
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Seth G. Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Jacob A. Finn
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Casey S. Gilmore
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Christopher R. Erbes
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Snežana Urošević
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
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2
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Linskens EJ, Venables NC, Gustavson AM, Sayer NA, Murdoch M, MacDonald R, Ullman KE, McKenzie LG, Wilt TJ, Sultan S. Population- and Community-Based Interventions to Prevent Suicide. Crisis 2022. [PMID: 36052582 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Suicide is estimated to account for 1.4% of deaths worldwide, making it among the leading causes of premature death. Public health approaches to reduce suicide have the potential to reach individuals across the spectrum of suicide risk. Aims: To review the effectiveness of newer community-based or population-level suicide prevention strategies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of literature published from January 2010 to November 2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of community- and population-level interventions. The US Center for Disease Control framework was used for grouping studies by strategy. Results: We included 56 publications that described 47 unique studies. Interventions that reduce access to lethal means, implement organizational policies and culture in police workplace settings, and involve community screening for depression may reduce suicide deaths. It is unclear if other interventions such as public awareness and education campaigns, crisis lines, and gatekeeper training prevent suicide. Evidence was inconsistent for community-based, multistrategy interventions. The most promising multistrategy intervention was the European Alliance Against Depression. Limitations: Most eligible studies were observational and many lacked concurrent control groups or adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusions: Community-based interventions that may reduce suicide deaths include reducing access to lethal means, implementing organizational policies in workplace settings, screening for depression, and the multistrategy European Alliance Against Depression Program. Evidence was unclear, inconsistent, or lacking regarding the impact of many other single- or multistrategy interventions on suicide deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Linskens
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Noah C Venables
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Allison M Gustavson
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nina A Sayer
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maureen Murdoch
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roderick MacDonald
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristen E Ullman
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lauren G McKenzie
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Wilt
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shahnaz Sultan
- Minneapolis VA Evidence Synthesis Program Center and the VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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3
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Perkins ER, Joyner KJ, Patrick CJ, Bartholow BD, Latzman RD, DeYoung CG, Kotov R, Reininghaus U, Cooper SE, Afzali MH, Docherty AR, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Goghari VM, Haltigan JD, Krueger RF, Martin EA, Michelini G, Ruocco AC, Tackett JL, Venables NC, Waldman ID, Zald DH. Neurobiology and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology: progress toward ontogenetically informed and clinically useful nosology
. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2021; 22:51-63. [PMID: 32699505 PMCID: PMC7365294 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2020.22.1/eperkins] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical structural
model of psychological symptoms formulated to improve the reliability and
validity of clinical assessment. Neurobiology can inform assessments of early
risk and intervention strategies, and the HiTOP model has greater potential to
interface with neurobiological measures than traditional categorical diagnoses
given its enhanced reliability. However, one complication is that observed
biological correlates of clinical symptoms can reflect various factors, ranging
from dispositional risk to consequences of psychopathology. In this paper, we
argue that the HiTOP model provides an optimized framework for conducting
research on the biological correlates of psychopathology from an ontogenetic
perspective that distinguishes among indicators of liability, current symptoms,
and consequences of illness. Through this approach, neurobiological research can
contribute more effectively to identifying individuals at high dispositional
risk, indexing treatment-related gains, and monitoring the consequences of
mental illness, consistent with the aims of the HiTOP framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Perkins
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, US. Authors contributed equally to manuscript
| | - Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, US. Authors contributed equally to manuscript
| | | | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, US
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, US
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, US
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel E Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, US
| | | | - Anna R Docherty
- DDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, US
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate - West, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Joint Base Lewis-McCord, Washington, US
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, US
| | - Vina M Goghari
- Department of Psychology and Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Haltigan
- DDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert F Krueger
- DDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- DDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, US
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, US
| | - Anthony C Ruocco
- Department of Psychology and Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Tackett
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, US
| | - Noah C Venables
- DMinneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
| | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, US
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, US
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4
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Wilson S, Malone SM, Venables NC, McGue M, Iacono WG. Multimodal indicators of risk for and consequences of substance use disorders: Executive functions and trait disconstraint assessed from preadolescence into early adulthood. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 163:47-57. [PMID: 31866519 PMCID: PMC7302985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Risk for substance use disorders (SUDs) is hypothesized to include behavioral disinhibition, a genetically mediated inability to inhibit or regulate behavior given task demands or motivational drives. In the present study, we examined developmental trajectories of multiple indicators of behavioral disinhibition assessed from preadolescence into early adulthood among individuals with versus without alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use disorders. Participants were a population-based sample of 1512 male and female twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, prospectively assessed at ages 11, 14, 17, 20, and 24. Multimodal indicators of behavioral disinhibition included measures of executive function (visuospatial working memory accuracy, antisaccade task performance) and mother- and self-reported trait disconstraint. Multilevel modeling analyses that accounted for the repeated measures and nested nature of the twin family data were used to examine premorbid (age 11) indicators of executive function and trait disconstraint prior to the onset of any SUD symptoms, as well as changes from preadolescence into early adulthood (ages 11 to 24). Premorbid deviations evident at age 11 among individuals who subsequently developed SUDs included poorer performance on the visuospatial working memory test and higher levels of trait disconstraint. In addition, individuals with SUDs did not demonstrate developmentally normative improvements in inhibitory control (i.e., antisaccade performance did not improve) or in their levels of trait disconstraint. We conclude that these deviations in both neurocognitive and dispositional correlates of behavioral disinhibition precede onset of SUDs and may confer risk for their development, and in addition, problematic substance use may exacerbate preexisting deviations and interfere with normative developmental trajectories of executive function and trait disconstraint, with deleterious consequences for functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylia Wilson
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, United States of America.
| | - Stephen M Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Noah C Venables
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States of America
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5
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Joyner KJ, Yancey JR, Venables NC, Burwell SJ, Iacono WG, Patrick CJ. Reprint of: Using a co-twin control design to evaluate alternative trait measures as indices of liability for substance use disorders. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 163:58-66. [PMID: 33685652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To establish a trait-dispositional variable as an indicator of liability for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs), the trait must share heritable variance with SUDs and its association should not be primarily attributable to a direct impact of SUDs on characteristics that define the trait. The current work applied a co-twin control (CTC) modeling approach to data from two monozygotic twin samples to investigate the degree to which different measures of trait-impulsiveness represent indicants of vulnerability to SUDs (liability indicators), or outcomes or concomitants of SUDs (exposure indicators). The Five Factor Model (FFM) trait of conscientiousness was assessed via self-report, and a counterpart neurobehavioral trait of disinhibition was assessed both through self-report and using self-report and brain response measures combined. FFM trait data were available for one twin sample (N = 298); data for variants of P3 brain response were available along with a scale measure of disinhibition in the other (N = 258). CTC analyses revealed only an exposure effect of SUD symptomatology on FFM conscientiousness, indicating that this self-report assessed trait does not index liability for SUDs. By contrast, the disinhibition scale measure showed pronounced liability and weaker exposure-based associations with SUDs - and when quantified using scale scores together with P3 brain response, the exposure-based association was eliminated, such that this disinhibition measure related to SUD symptoms exclusively as a function of liability influences. These findings highlight a distinct advantage of quantifying traits in neurobehavioral terms - namely, the capacity to effectively index dispositional liability for psychopathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keanan J Joyner
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - James R Yancey
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Noah C Venables
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Scott J Burwell
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher J Patrick
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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6
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Krueger RF, Kotov R, Watson D, Forbes MK, Eaton NR, Ruggero CJ, Simms LJ, Widiger TA, Achenbach TM, Bach B, Bagby RM, Bornovalova MA, Carpenter WT, Chmielewski M, Cicero DC, Clark LA, Conway C, DeClercq B, DeYoung CG, Docherty AR, Drislane LE, First MB, Forbush KT, Hallquist M, Haltigan JD, Hopwood CJ, Ivanova MY, Jonas KG, Latzman RD, Markon KE, Miller JD, Morey LC, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Ormel J, Patalay P, Patrick CJ, Pincus AL, Regier DA, Reininghaus U, Rescorla LA, Samuel DB, Sellbom M, Shackman AJ, Skodol A, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Tackett JL, Venables NC, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Waugh MH, Wright AG, Zald DH, Zimmermann J. Les progrès dans la réalisation de la classification quantitative de la psychopathologie ☆. Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 2021; 179:95-106. [PMID: 34305151 PMCID: PMC8309948 DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Shortcomings of approaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psychopathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification of psychopathology. A substantial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical. When the discreteness versus continuity of psychopathology is treated as a research question, as opposed to being decided as a matter of tradition, the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis of continuity. In addition, a related body of literature shows how psychopathology dimensions can be arranged in a hierarchy, ranging from very broad "spectrum level" dimensions, to specific and narrow clusters of symptoms. In this way, a quantitative approach solves the "problem of comorbidity" by explicitly modeling patterns of co-occurrence among signs and symptoms within a detailed and variegated hierarchy of dimensional concepts with direct clinical utility. Indeed, extensive evidence pertaining to the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology has led to the formation of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Consortium. This is a group of 70 investigators working together to study empirical classification of psychopathology. In this paper, we describe the aims and current foci of the HiTOP Consortium. These aims pertain to continued research on the empirical organization of psychopathology; the connection between personality and psychopathology; the utility of empirically based psychopathology constructs in both research and the clinic; and the development of novel and comprehensive models and corresponding assessment instruments for psychopathology constructs derived from an empirical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Miriam K. Forbes
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas R. Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Camilo J. Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Leonard J. Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A. Widiger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - R. Michael Bagby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David C. Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Christopher Conway
- Department of Psychology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Barbara DeClercq
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin G. DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laura E. Drislane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael B. First
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Hallquist
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - John D. Haltigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Masha Y. Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Robert D. Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joshua D. Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Leslie C. Morey
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aaron L. Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Darrel A. Regier
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Douglas B. Samuel
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew Skodol
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tim Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Noah C. Venables
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Mark H. Waugh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Aidan G.C. Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David H. Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Abstract
The DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) groups traits into domains based on factor analyses of self-report data. AMPD traits may need to be configured differently to interface with neurobiology. Focusing on biobehavioral risk for externalizing problems in 334 adults, the authors used structural modeling to evaluate how well alternative configurations of AMPD traits, operationalized using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), interface with neural indicators of externalizing liability. A model specifying two correlated factors defined by traits within the PID-5 Disinhibition domain and brain-response indicators of externalizing proneness exhibited inadequate fit. However, a model using PID-5 traits with better coverage of biobehavioral externalizing liability evidenced good fit. Scores on this PID-5 trait factor, termed "PID-5 Externalizing Proneness," converged well with criterion measures of externalizing proneness and diverged from measures of threat sensitivity. Findings illustrate how AMPD traits can be configured for use in investigations of biobehavioral risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jens Foell
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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8
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Joyner KJ, Yancey JR, Venables NC, Burwell SJ, Iacono WG, Patrick CJ. Using a co-twin control design to evaluate alternative trait measures as indices of liability for substance use disorders. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 148:75-83. [PMID: 31857192 PMCID: PMC10659239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To establish a trait-dispositional variable as an indicator of liability for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs), the trait must share heritable variance with SUDs and its association should not be primarily attributable to a direct impact of SUDs on characteristics that define the trait. The current work applied a co-twin control (CTC) modeling approach to data from two monozygotic twin samples to investigate the degree to which different measures of trait-impulsiveness represent indicants of vulnerability to SUDs (liability indicators), or outcomes or concomitants of SUDs (exposure indicators). The Five Factor Model (FFM) trait of conscientiousness was assessed via self-report, and a counterpart neurobehavioral trait of disinhibition was assessed both through self-report and using self-report and brain response measures combined. FFM trait data were available for one twin sample (N = 298); data for variants of P3 brain response were available along with a scale measure of disinhibition in the other (N = 258). CTC analyses revealed only an exposure effect of SUD symptomatology on FFM conscientiousness, indicating that this self-report assessed trait does not index liability for SUDs. By contrast, the disinhibition scale measure showed pronounced liability and weaker exposure-based associations with SUDs - and when quantified using scale scores together with P3 brain response, the exposure-based association was eliminated, such that this disinhibition measure related to SUD symptoms exclusively as a function of liability influences. These findings highlight a distinct advantage of quantifying traits in neurobehavioral terms - namely, the capacity to effectively index dispositional liability for psychopathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keanan J Joyner
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - James R Yancey
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Noah C Venables
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Scott J Burwell
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher J Patrick
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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9
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Patrick CJ, Iacono WG, Venables NC. Incorporating neurophysiological measures into clinical assessments: Fundamental challenges and a strategy for addressing them. Psychol Assess 2019; 31:1512-1529. [PMID: 30896211 PMCID: PMC6754804 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific initiatives have called for increased use of neurobiological variables in clinical and other applied assessments. However, the task of incorporating neural measures into psychological assessments entails significant methodological challenges that have not been effectively addressed to date. As a result, neurophysiological measures remain underutilized in clinical and applied assessments, and formal procedures for integrating such measures with report-based measures are lacking. In this article, we discuss major methodological issues that have impeded progress in this direction, and propose a systematic research strategy for integrating neurophysiological measures into psychological assessment protocols. The strategy we propose is an iterative psychoneurometric approach that provides a means to establish multimethod (MM) measurement models for core biobehavioral traits that influence functioning across diverse areas of life. We provide a detailed illustration of a MM model for one such trait, inhibitory control (inhibition-disinhibition), and highlight work being done to develop counterpart models for other biobehavioral traits (i.e., threat sensitivity, reward sensitivity, affiliative capacity). We discuss how these measurement models can be refined and extended through use of already existing data sets, and outline steps that can be taken to establish norms for MM assessments and optimize the feasibility of their use in everyday practice. We believe this model-oriented strategy can provide a viable pathway toward effective use of neurophysiological measures in routine clinical assessments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Joyner KJ, Bowyer CB, Yancey JR, Venables NC, Foell J, Worthy DA, Hajcak G, Bartholow BD, Patrick CJ. Blunted Reward Sensitivity and Trait Disinhibition Interact to Predict Substance Use Problems. Clin Psychol Sci 2019; 7:1109-1124. [PMID: 31853427 DOI: 10.1177/2167702619838480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reward deficit models of addiction posit weaknesses in reward sensitivity to be promotive of substance dependence, while the externalizing spectrum model views substance problems as arising in large part from a general disinhibitory liability. The current study sought to integrate these perspectives by testing for separate and interactive associations of disinhibition and reward dysfunction with interview-assessed substance use disorders (SUDs). Community and college adults (N = 199) completed a scale measure of trait disinhibition and performed a gambling-feedback task yielding a neural index of reward sensitivity, the 'Reward Positivity' (RewP). Disinhibition and blunted RewP independently predicted SUDs, and also operated synergistically, such that participants - in particular, men - with high levels of disinhibition together with blunted RewP exhibited especially severe substance problems. Though limited by its cross-sectional design, this work provides new information about the interplay of disinhibition, reward processing, and gender in SUDs and suggests important directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jens Foell
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology
| | - Darrell A Worthy
- Texas A&M University, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology
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Bowyer CB, Joyner KJ, Yancey JR, Venables NC, Hajcak G, Patrick CJ. Toward a neurobehavioral trait conceptualization of depression proneness. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13367. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin B. Bowyer
- Department of Psychology Florida State University Tallahassee Florida
| | - Keanan J. Joyner
- Department of Psychology Florida State University Tallahassee Florida
| | - James R. Yancey
- Department of Psychology Florida State University Tallahassee Florida
| | - Noah C. Venables
- Department of Psychiatry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology Florida State University Tallahassee Florida
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Blackadder-Weinstein J, Leon GR, Norris RC, Venables NC, Smith M. Individual Attributes, Values, and Goals of an All-Military Women Antarctic Expedition. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2019; 90:18-25. [PMID: 30579373 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.5248.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: While participation of women in the military has increased, research on performance of female teams engaged in arduous physical activity in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments remains sparse.METHODS: A team of six British military women completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-Brief Form, Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, and Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ) prior to embarking on an expedition that traversed the Antarctic continent. Questionnaires were completed weekly on the ice; repeat of the PVQ and individual semistructured debriefing interviews were carried out within 9 d post-expedition.RESULTS: Personality findings indicated a generally well-adjusted group with notable individual differences in personality and personal values. Positive affect and camaraderie among teammates was evident throughout, although pace vs. distance in the strategy of the daily trek was a continuing point of tension. Honesty in communication was viewed as key to team effectiveness. A significant post-expedition decline in the tradition value (Pre M = -0.55, SD = 0.99; Post M = -0.82, SD = 1.12) and an increase in the conformity value (Pre M = -0.26, SD = 0.46; Post M = 0.18, SD = 0.27) was found.DISCUSSION: Congruence in personal and team goals among group members engaged in highly challenging activities is crucial for optimal team performance. Presence of two highly dominant individuals has a negative effect on team dynamics. Application of study findings to space exploration is considered.Blackadder-Weinstein J, Leon GR, Norris RC, Venables NC, Smith M. Individual attributes, values, and goals of an all-military women Antarctic expedition. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):18-25.
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Krueger RF, Kotov R, Watson D, Forbes MK, Eaton NR, Ruggero CJ, Simms LJ, Widiger TA, Achenbach TM, Bach B, Bagby RM, Bornovalova MA, Carpenter WT, Chmielewski M, Cicero DC, Clark LA, Conway C, DeClercq B, DeYoung CG, Docherty AR, Drislane LE, First MB, Forbush KT, Hallquist M, Haltigan JD, Hopwood CJ, Ivanova MY, Jonas KG, Latzman RD, Markon KE, Miller JD, Morey LC, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Ormel J, Patalay P, Patrick CJ, Pincus AL, Regier DA, Reininghaus U, Rescorla LA, Samuel DB, Sellbom M, Shackman AJ, Skodol A, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Tackett JL, Venables NC, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Waugh MH, Wright AGC, Zald DH, Zimmermann J. Progress in achieving quantitative classification of psychopathology. World Psychiatry 2018; 17:282-293. [PMID: 30229571 PMCID: PMC6172695 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortcomings of approaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psychopathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification of psychopathology. A substantial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical. When the discreteness versus continuity of psychopathology is treated as a research question, as opposed to being decided as a matter of tradition, the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis of continuity. In addition, a related body of literature shows how psychopathology dimensions can be arranged in a hierarchy, ranging from very broad "spectrum level" dimensions, to specific and narrow clusters of symptoms. In this way, a quantitative approach solves the "problem of comorbidity" by explicitly modeling patterns of co-occurrence among signs and symptoms within a detailed and variegated hierarchy of dimensional concepts with direct clinical utility. Indeed, extensive evidence pertaining to the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology has led to the formation of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Consortium. This is a group of 70 investigators working together to study empirical classification of psychopathology. In this paper, we describe the aims and current foci of the HiTOP Consortium. These aims pertain to continued research on the empirical organization of psychopathology; the connection between personality and psychopathology; the utility of empirically based psychopathology constructs in both research and the clinic; and the development of novel and comprehensive models and corresponding assessment instruments for psychopathology constructs derived from an empirical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Camilo J Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A Widiger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Christopher Conway
- Department of Psychology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Barbara DeClercq
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laura E Drislane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael B First
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael Hallquist
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - John D Haltigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Masha Y Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Leslie C Morey
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Aaron L Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Darrel A Regier
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Douglas B Samuel
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew Skodol
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tim Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Noah C Venables
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mark H Waugh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Abstract
This study sought to expand scientific knowledge on psychopathic personality traits in female offenders by evaluating the relationship between MMPI-2-RF triarchic scales and self-reported external variables in a sample of 205 female offenders. Results indicated that boldness was inversely related to internalizing dysfunction, including suicidal behavior, psychosis, youth conduct problems, problems stemming from alcohol use, and a history of outpatient mental health treatment. Meanness was positively related to internalizing dysfunction as well as youth conduct problems, anger, prison disciplinary reports, and psychosis. Disinhibition was associated with a history of abuse in childhood, suicidal behavior, internalizing dysfunction, problems associated with alcohol and drug use, family history of mental illness, prison disciplinary reports for violence, number of previous criminal charges, and anger. Consistent with views of psychopathy as a configural condition, interactive effects of boldness with disinhibition and meanness were observed for multiple key external variables (e.g., conduct problems, substance use, nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior). This study provides further evidence for the triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy in female offenders and lends additional support for the validity of MMPI-2-RF triarchic psychopathy scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Gottfried
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Community and Public Safety Psychiatry Division, Medical University of South Carolina
| | | | - Joye C Anestis
- b Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi
| | | | - Martin Sellbom
- d Department of Psychology, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand
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Longenecker JM, Venables NC, Kang SS, McGuire KA, Sponheim SR. Brain Responses at Encoding Predict Limited Verbal Memory Retrieval by Persons with Schizophrenia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 33:477-490. [PMID: 28961775 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Special attention has been given to verbal memory deficits in schizophrenia because they are apparent in healthy biological relatives of affected individuals, indicating a link to genetic risk for the disorder. Despite a growing consensus that encoding abnormalities contribute to poor verbal memory in the disorder, few studies have directly examined how neural responses during encoding contribute to later memory performance. Method We evaluated event-related potentials (ERPs) during encoding of verbal material by patients with schizophrenia, healthy first-degree biological relatives of patients, and healthy controls. The extent to which N1, N400, and anterior and parietal Late Positive Components (LPCs) explained encoding accuracy and later memory of material was investigated. Results Encoding accuracy was associated with asymmetry in anterior LPCs toward right frontal brain regions and was most evident in relatives. N1 was abnormal at encoding in schizophrenia and differentially accounted for later memory performance. In controls better recall of verbal material was predicted by a larger early occipital (N1) encoding response; however, in patients with schizophrenia smaller N1 encoding responses were related to better recall. Interestingly, better recognition of verbal material across groups was also predicted by smaller N1 amplitudes during encoding of word stimuli. Conclusion Separable patterns of electrophysiological response during encoding appear to differentially support recall and recognition of material from memory. Similar patterns of electrophysiological response across patient and relative groups suggest that those who carry genetic liability for schizophrenia share deviations in the neural activity related to encoding of material into episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Longenecker
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Noah C Venables
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Seung Suk Kang
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, 1 Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Kathryn A McGuire
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, 1 Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, 1 Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
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16
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Venables NC, Foell J, Yancey JR, Beaver KM, Iacono WG, Patrick CJ. Integrating Criminological and Mental Health Perspectives on Low Self-Control: A Multi-Domain Analysis. J Crim Justice 2018; 56:2-10. [PMID: 29930435 PMCID: PMC6005661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Criminological theories of crime, delinquency, and deviancy emphasize the causal role of low self-control whereas models of psychopathology posit a general trait liability, "disinhibition", contributing to persistent antisocial behavior and substance use. The aim of the current work was to link these compatible perspectives on deviancy through reference to a biobehavioral conceptualization of disinhibition. METHODS We examined how the Grasmick et al. (1993) self-control scale, relates to (a) trait disinhibition as indexed by self-report scales, performance on inhibitory-control tasks, and brain reactivity to cognitive stimuli, and (b) a cross-domain index combining measures from these three domains. RESULTS As expected, variation in self-control was robustly associated with antisocial deviance, substance use problems, and measures of disinhibition across measurement domains. Further, a factor analytic model provided compelling evidence that the Grasmick et al. scale operates as a robust indicator within a biobehavioral conceptualization of disinhibition. CONCLUSIONS Findings confirm a strong link between self-control and trait disinhibition, and support the view that deficits in self-control have a prominent biobehavioral basis. Research in the areas of criminology and psychopathology can mutually benefit from a focus on influences contributing to variations in self-control, conceptualized as trait disinhibition.
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Venables NC, Yancey JR, Kramer MD, Hicks BM, Krueger RF, Iacono WG, Joiner TE, Patrick CJ. Psychoneurometric assessment of dispositional liabilities for suicidal behavior: phenotypic and etiological associations. Psychol Med 2018; 48:463-472. [PMID: 28712365 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Can core genetic liabilities for suicidal behavior be indexed using psychological and neural indicators combined? The current work addressed this question by examining phenotypic and genetic associations of two biobehavioral traits, threat sensitivity (THT) and disinhibition (DIS) - operationalized as psychoneurometric variables (i.e., composites of psychological-scale and neurophysiological measures) - with suicidal behaviors in a sample of adult twins. METHODS Participants were 444 identical and fraternal twins recruited from an urban community. THT was assessed using a psychological-scale measure of fear/fearlessness combined with physiological indicators of reactivity to aversive pictures, and DIS was assessed using scale measures of disinhibitory tendencies combined with indicators of brain response from lab performance tasks. Suicidality was assessed using items from structured interview and questionnaire protocols. RESULTS THT and DIS each contributed uniquely to prediction of suicidality when assessed psychoneurometrically (i.e., as composites of scale and neurophysiological indicators). In addition, these traits predicted suicidality interactively, with participants high on both reporting the greatest degree of suicidal behaviors. Biometric (twin-modeling) analyses revealed that a high percentage of the predictive association for each psychoneurometric trait (83% for THT, 68% for DIS) was attributable to genetic variance in common with suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that psychoneurometric assessments of biobehavioral traits index genetic liability for suicidal behavior, and as such, can serve as innovative targets for research on core biological processes contributing to severe psychopathology, including suicidal proclivities and actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Venables
- Department of Psychology,Florida State University,Tallahassee, FL,USA
| | - J R Yancey
- Department of Psychology,Florida State University,Tallahassee, FL,USA
| | - M D Kramer
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research,Minneapolis, MN,USA
| | - B M Hicks
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI,USA
| | - R F Krueger
- Department of Psychology,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis, MN,USA
| | - W G Iacono
- Department of Psychology,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis, MN,USA
| | - T E Joiner
- Department of Psychology,Florida State University,Tallahassee, FL,USA
| | - C J Patrick
- Department of Psychology,Florida State University,Tallahassee, FL,USA
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Kjærgaard A, Leon GR, Venables NC, Fink BA. Personality, Personal Values and Growth in Military Special Unit Patrol Teams Operating in a Polar Environment. Military Psychology 2017. [DOI: 10.1037/h0094753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Kjærgaard
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Communication, Aalborg University, Denmark
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19
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Venables NC. Reward Mechanisms Across Aggressive and Addictive Forms of Externalizing Psychopathology. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:e25-e27. [PMID: 28748788 PMCID: PMC5824636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noah C. Venables
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Buchman-Schmitt JM, Brislin SJ, Venables NC, Joiner TE, Patrick CJ. Trait liabilities and specific promotive processes in psychopathology: The example of suicidal behavior. J Affect Disord 2017; 216:100-108. [PMID: 27726889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RDoC matrix framework calls for investigation of mental health problems through analysis of core biobehavioral processes quantified and studied across multiple domains of measurement. Critics have raised concerns about RDoC, including overemphasis on biological concepts/measures and disregard for the principle of multifinality, which holds that identical biological predispositions can give rise to differing behavioral outcomes. The current work illustrates an ontogenetic process approach to addressing these concerns, focusing on biobehavioral traits corresponding to RDoC constructs as predictors, and suicidal behavior as the outcome variable. METHOD Data were collected from a young adult sample (N=105), preselected to enhance rates of suicidality. Participants completed self-report measures of traits (threat sensitivity, response inhibition) and suicide-specific processes. RESULTS We show that previously reported associations for traits of threat sensitivity and weak inhibitory control with suicidal behavior are mediated by more specific suicide-promoting processes-namely, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and capability for suicide. LIMITATIONS The sample was relatively small and the data were cross-sectional, limiting conclusions that can be drawn from the mediation analyses. CONCLUSIONS Given prior research documenting neurophysiological as well as psychological bases to these trait dispositions, the current work sets the stage for an intensive RDoC-oriented investigation of suicidal tendencies in which both traits and suicide-promoting processes are quantified using indicators from different domains of measurement. More broadly, this work illustrates how an RDoC research approach can contribute to a nuanced understanding of specific clinical problems, through consideration of how general biobehavioral liabilities interface with distinct problem-promoting processes.
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Corneliussen JG, Leon GR, Kjærgaard A, Fink BA, Venables NC. Individual Traits, Personal Values, and Conflict Resolution in an Isolated, Confined, Extreme Environment. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2017; 88:535-543. [PMID: 28539141 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.4785.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of personality traits, personal values, and the emergence of conflicts within groups performing in an isolated, confined, and extreme environment (ICE) may provide insights helpful for the composition and support of space crews for long duration missions. METHODS Studied pre/post and over the 2-yr period of the investigation were 10 Danish military personnel deployed to stations in Greenland on a 26-mo staggered rotation. Subjects completed the NEO PI-R, Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, and Portrait Values Questionnaire, and participated in structured interviews. During deployment, questionnaires were completed biweekly and a cognitive function test once a month. RESULTS Personality findings indicated a generally well-adjusted group, above average in positive personality traits [Conscientiousness T-score = 59.4 (11.41); Agreeableness T-score = 54.4 (9.36)] and boldness. Personal values of benevolence and self-direction were highly rated. The decision when to "pick sides" and intervene during disagreements between group members was viewed as an important component of conflict resolution. There were no changes in positive/negative affect or cognitive function over the annual light/dark cycle. DISCUSSION The personal values of group members appear highly compatible for living in a small group ICE environment for an extended period. Disagreements between group members impact the functioning of the entire group, particularly in regard to decisions whether to support one of the individuals or let the argument run its course. Extended training in strategies for conflict resolution are needed in planning for future long duration missions to avoid fault lines forming within the group.Corneliussen JG, Leon GR, Kjærgaard A, Fink BA, Venables NC. Individual traits, personal values, and conflict resolution in an isolated, confined, extreme environment. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(6):535-543.
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Venables NC, Hicks BM, Yancey JR, Kramer MD, Nelson LD, Strickland CM, Krueger RF, Iacono WG, Patrick CJ. Evidence of a prominent genetic basis for associations between psychoneurometric traits and common mental disorders. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 115:4-12. [PMID: 27671504 PMCID: PMC5364073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Threat sensitivity (THT) and weak inhibitory control (or disinhibition; DIS) are trait constructs that relate to multiple types of psychopathology and can be assessed psychoneurometrically (i.e., using self-report and physiological indicators combined). However, to establish that psychoneurometric assessments of THT and DIS index biologically-based liabilities, it is important to clarify the etiologic bases of these variables and their associations with clinical problems. The current work addressed this important issue using data from a sample of identical and fraternal adult twins (N=454). THT was quantified using a scale measure and three physiological indicators of emotional reactivity to visual aversive stimuli. DIS was operationalized using scores on two scale measures combined with two brain indicators from cognitive processing tasks. THT and DIS operationalized in these ways both showed appreciable heritability (0.45, 0.68), and genetic variance in these traits accounted for most of their phenotypic associations with fear, distress, and substance use disorder symptoms. Our findings suggest that, as indices of basic dispositional liabilities for multiple forms of psychopathology with direct links to neurophysiology, psychoneurometric assessments of THT and DIS represent novel and important targets for biologically-oriented research on psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark D Kramer
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Perkins ER, Yancey JR, Drislane LE, Venables NC, Balsis S, Patrick CJ. Methodological issues in the use of individual brain measures to index trait liabilities: The example of noise-probe P3. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 111:145-155. [PMID: 27856400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent research initiatives have called for an increased use of biological concepts and measures in defining and studying mental health problems, but important measurement-related challenges confront efforts in this direction. This article highlights some of these challenges with reference to an intriguing measure of neural reactivity: the probe P3 response, a mid-latency brain potential evoked by an intense, unexpected acoustic-probe stimulus. Using data for a large adult sample (N=418), we report evidence that amplitude of probe P3 response to unwarned noise bursts occurring in a picture-viewing task exhibits robust, independent associations with two distinct trait constructs: weak inhibitory control (or disinhibition; DIS) and threat sensitivity (THT). Additionally, we report a selective association for THT with attentional suppression of probe P3 response during viewing of aversive pictures compared to neutral. These results point to separable elements of variance underlying the probe P3 response, including one element reflecting DIS-related variations in cognitive-elaborative processing, and others reflecting THT-related variations in aversive foreground engagement and abrupt defensive reorientation. Key measurement issues are considered in relation to these specific findings, and methodological and statistical approaches for addressing these issues are discussed in relation to advancement of a quantitatively sound, biologically informed science of psychopathology.
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Yancey JR, Venables NC, Patrick CJ. Psychoneurometric operationalization of threat sensitivity: Relations with clinical symptom and physiological response criteria. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:393-405. [PMID: 26877132 PMCID: PMC4756387 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative calls for the incorporation of neurobiological approaches and findings into conceptions of mental health problems through a focus on biobehavioral constructs investigated across multiple domains of measurement (units of analysis). Although the constructs in the RDoC system are characterized in "process terms" (i.e., as functional concepts with brain and behavioral referents), these constructs can also be framed as dispositions (i.e., as dimensions of variation in biobehavioral functioning across individuals). Focusing on one key RDoC construct, acute threat or "fear," the current article illustrates a construct-oriented psychoneurometric strategy for operationalizing this construct in individual difference terms-as threat sensitivity (THT+). Utilizing data from 454 adult participants, we demonstrate empirically that (a) a scale measure of THT+ designed to tap general fear/fearlessness predicts effectively to relevant clinical problems (i.e., fear disorder symptoms), (b) this scale measure shows reliable associations with physiological indices of acute reactivity to aversive visual stimuli, and (c) a cross-domain factor reflecting the intersection of scale and physiological indicators of THT+ predicts effectively to both clinical and neurophysiological criterion measures. Results illustrate how the psychoneurometric approach can be used to create a dimensional index of a biobehavioral trait construct, in this case THT+, which can serve as a bridge between phenomena in domains of psychopathology and neurobiology. Implications and future directions are discussed with reference to the RDoC initiative and existing report-based conceptions of psychological traits.
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Brislin SJ, Venables NC, Drislane LE, Blonigen DM, Iacono WG, Tellegen A, Edens JF, Patrick CJ. Further Validation of Triarchic Psychopathy Scales From the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire: Setting the Stage for Large-Sample Etiological Studies. Assessment 2015; 24:575-590. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191115621790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychopathy as conceptualized by the triarchic model encompasses three distinct dispositional constructs: boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The current study sought to further validate triarchic (Tri) construct scales composed of items from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) as a foundation for advancing research on the etiology of psychopathy using existing large-scale longitudinal studies. MPQ-Tri scales were examined in three samples: mixed-gender undergraduate students ( N = 346), male offenders from a residential substance abuse treatment facility ( N = 190), and incarcerated female offenders ( N = 216). Across these three samples, the MPQ-Tri scales demonstrated high internal consistency and clear convergent and discriminant associations with criterion measures of psychopathy and other psychopathology outcomes. Gender comparisons revealed relatively few differences in relationships with criterion measures. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for further investigation of the causal bases of psychopathy and other forms of psychopathology utilizing data from large etiologically informative studies.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of the influence of personality and decision processes on the performance of two-person expedition teams has application for the composition of small teams for planetary exploration and potentially responding to off-nominal situations. CASE REPORT We studied a two-man Special Forces team with a goal of reaching the North Pole in the shortest amount of time. Both subjects had high scores on measures of leadership/dominance, fearlessness, and achievement, and low scores on harm avoidance (high risk-taking). Differences were noted on scales measuring empathy, agreeableness, extraversion, emotional regulation, and callousness. Individual differences in the primacy of personal values of tradition vs. pleasure-seeking were evident. DISCUSSION High dominance traits of both team members, incompatibility in other characteristics and values, and minimal pretraining had a significant impact on the decision to abort the trek because of severe frostbite suffered by one subject. Implications for dyads exploring the Mars surface are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria R Leon
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Venables NC, Sellbom M, Sourander A, Kendler KS, Joiner TE, Drislane LE, Sillanmäki L, Elonheimo H, Parkkola K, Multimaki P, Patrick CJ. Separate and interactive contributions of weak inhibitory control and threat sensitivity to prediction of suicide risk. Psychiatry Res 2015; 226:461-6. [PMID: 25712631 PMCID: PMC4375034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biobehavioral dispositions can serve as valuable referents for biologically oriented research on core processes with relevance to many psychiatric conditions. The present study examined two such dispositional variables-weak response inhibition (or disinhibition; INH-) and threat sensitivity (or fearfulness; THT+)-as predictors of the serious transdiagnostic problem of suicide risk in two samples: male and female outpatients from a U.S. clinic (N=1078), and a population-based male military cohort from Finland (N=3855). INH- and THT+ were operationalized through scores on scale measures of disinhibition and fear/fearlessness, known to be related to DSM-defined clinical conditions and brain biomarkers. Suicide risk was assessed by clinician ratings (clinic sample) and questionnaires (both samples). Across samples and alternative suicide indices, INH- and THT+ each contributed uniquely to prediction of suicide risk-beyond internalizing and externalizing problems in the case of the clinic sample where diagnostic data were available. Further, in both samples, INH- and THT+ interactively predicted suicide risk, with individuals scoring concurrently high on both dispositions exhibiting markedly augmented risk. Findings demonstrate that dispositional constructs of INH- and THT+ are predictive of suicide risk, and hold potential as referents for biological research on suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C. Venables
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA,Corresponding author: Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. Tel.: +1-612-889-1495, 1-850-644-2040;
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Thomas E. Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Laura E. Drislane
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Lauri Sillanmäki
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Elonheimo
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kai Parkkola
- Archipelago Sea Naval Command, Finnish Navy, Finland,University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petteri Multimaki
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Kjaergaard A, Leon GR, Venables NC. The psychological process of reintegration following a nine month/260 day solo sailboat circumnavigation of the globe. Scand J Psychol 2015; 56:198-202. [PMID: 25605497 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this case report is on the psychological reintegration process following the achievement of a highly challenging long-duration and solitary endeavor. The participant was a 29 year old male who successfully circumnavigated the globe during a 260 day solo sailing expedition. We assessed the psychological aftermath in terms of stability and change in personality characteristics and personal beliefs prior to, and at 180 and 360 days after the completion of the journey. Overall, the personality configuration reflected adaptive personality functioning. A belief in an internal locus of control was consistent throughout, as were perceptions of personal growth as a result of the circumnavigation experience. NEO PI-R Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, and Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (Tri-PM) Boldness scores remained stable. Positive personality change was reflected by an elevation in Conscientiousness; negative change by a decline in Agreeableness and an increase in Tri-PM Disinhibition. While overall the participant exhibited positive change as a result of his journey, there were also some negative aspects of the reintegration phase in regard to interactions with other persons. This latter change may be related to the effects of isolation from usual social contacts over an extended period.
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Venables NC, Hall JR, Yancey JR, Patrick CJ. Factors of psychopathy and electrocortical response to emotional pictures: Further evidence for a two-process theory. J Abnorm Psychol 2015; 124:319-28. [PMID: 25603361 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Two-Process theory of psychopathy posits that distinct etiological mechanisms contribute to the condition: (a) a weakness in defensive (fear) reactivity related to affective-interpersonal features, and (b) impaired cognitive-executive functioning, marked by reductions in brain responses such as P3, related to impulsive-antisocial features. The current study examined relations between psychopathy factors and electrocortical response to emotional and neutral pictures in male offenders (N = 139) assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Impulsive-antisocial features of the PCL-R (Factor 2) were associated with reduced amplitude of earlier P3 brain response to pictures regardless of valence, whereas the affective-interpersonal dimension (Factor 1) was associated specifically with reductions in late positive potential response to aversive pictures. Findings provide further support for the Two-Process theory and add to a growing body of evidence linking the impulsive-antisocial facet of psychopathy to the broader construct of externalizing proneness. Findings are discussed in terms of current initiatives directed at incorporating neuroscientific concepts into psychopathology classification. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason R Hall
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida
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Weinberg A, Venables NC, Proudfit GH, Patrick CJ. Heritability of the neural response to emotional pictures: evidence from ERPs in an adult twin sample. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:424-34. [PMID: 24795435 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Affect-modulated event-related potentials (ERPs) are increasingly used to study psychopathology and individual differences in emotion processing. Many have suggested that variation in these neural responses reflects genetically mediated risk. However, to date, no studies have demonstrated genetic contributions to affect-modulated ERPs. The present study therefore sought to examine the heritability of a range of ERPs elicited during affective picture viewing. One hundred and thirty monozygotic and 124 dizygotic twin pairs passively viewed 30 pleasant, 30 neutral and 30 unpleasant images for 6 s each. The early posterior negativity was scored for each subject; in addition, the P300/late positive potential (LPP) was scored in multiple time windows and sites. Results indicate that the centro-parietal P300 (occurring between 300 and 600 ms) is subject to substantial genetic contributions. Furthermore, variance in the P300 elicited by affective stimuli was moderately heritable even after controlling for the P300 elicited by neutral stimuli. Later and more frontal activation (i.e. between 1000 and 3000 ms) also showed evidence of heritablity. Early parietal, and perhaps later frontal portions of the P300/LPP complex, may therefore represent promising neurobehavioral markers of genetically influenced processing of emotional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500 and Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301, USA
| | - Noah C Venables
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500 and Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak Proudfit
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500 and Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301, USA
| | - Christopher J Patrick
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500 and Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301, USA
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Patrick CJ, Venables NC, Yancey JR, Hicks BM, Nelson LD, Kramer MD. A construct-network approach to bridging diagnostic and physiological domains: application to assessment of externalizing psychopathology. J Abnorm Psychol 2014; 122:902-16. [PMID: 24016026 DOI: 10.1037/a0032807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A crucial challenge in efforts to link psychological disorders to neural systems, with the aim of developing biologically informed conceptions of such disorders, is the problem of method variance (Campbell & Fiske, 1959). Since even measures of the same construct in differing domains correlate only moderately, it is unsurprising that large sample studies of diagnostic biomarkers yield only modest associations. To address this challenge, a construct-network approach is proposed in which psychometric operationalizations of key neurobehavioral constructs serve as anchors for identifying neural indicators of psychopathology-relevant dispositions, and as vehicles for bridging between domains of clinical problems and neurophysiology. An empirical illustration is provided for the construct of inhibition-disinhibition, which is of central relevance to problems entailing deficient impulse control. Findings demonstrate that: (1) a well-designed psychometric index of trait disinhibition effectively predicts externalizing problems of multiple types, (2) this psychometric measure of disinhibition shows reliable brain response correlates, and (3) psychometric and brain-response indicators can be combined to form a joint psychoneurometric factor that predicts effectively across clinical and physiological domains. As a methodology for bridging between clinical problems and neural systems, the construct-network approach provides a concrete means by which existing conceptions of psychological disorders can accommodate and be reshaped by neurobiological insights.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The triarchic model of psychopathy characterizes the disorder in terms of three distinguishable phenotypic facets: disinhibition, meanness and boldness. The present study sought to (1) inform current debates regarding the role of boldness in the definition of psychopathy and (2) clarify boundaries between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). METHOD This study evaluated the degree to which facets of the triarchic model are represented in the most widely used clinical inventory for psychopathy, the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R), in comparison with ASPD as defined by DSM-IV criteria. Adult male offenders from two distinct correctional settings (n = 157 and 169) were investigated to ensure replicability of findings across samples exhibiting high base rates of psychopathy and antisocial behavior. RESULTS We found evidence for convergent and discriminant validity of the three triarchic facets in predicting symptomatic components of psychopathy as assessed by the PCL-R. Additionally, and crucially vis-à-vis current debates in the field, we found that boldness contributed incrementally (over and above disinhibition and meanness) to prediction of PCL-R psychopathy, in particular its interpersonal style component, but not ASPD. CONCLUSIONS The three distinct facets of the triarchic model of psychopathy are represented clearly and distinctly in the PCL-R, with boldness through its interpersonal facet, but not in DSM-defined ASPD. Our findings suggest that boldness is central to diagnostic conceptions of psychopathy and distinguishes psychopathy from the more prevalent diagnosis of ASPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Venables
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - J R Hall
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - C J Patrick
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Venables NC, Patrick CJ. Reconciling discrepant findings for P3 brain response in criminal psychopathy through reference to the concept of externalizing proneness. Psychophysiology 2014; 51:427-36. [PMID: 24579849 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We sought to address inconsistencies in the literature on amplitude of P3 brain potential response in offenders diagnosed with psychopathy. These inconsistencies contrast with the reliable finding of reduced P3 in relation to externalizing tendencies, which overlap with impulsive-antisocial features of psychopathy, as distinguished from the affective-interpersonal features. Employing a sample of incarcerated male offenders (N = 154) who completed the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised along with a three-stimulus visual oddball task, we tested the hypothesis that impulsive-antisocial features of psychopathy would selectively exhibit an inverse relationship with P3 amplitude. Clear support for this hypothesis was obtained. Our findings clarify the discrepant findings regarding psychopathy and P3, and establish P3 as a neurophysiological point of contact between psychopathy and externalizing proneness from the broader psychopathology literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C Venables
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Patrick CJ, Venables NC, Drislane LE. The role of fearless dominance in differentiating psychopathy from antisocial personality disorder: comment on Marcus, Fulton, and Edens. Personal Disord 2013; 4:80-2. [PMID: 23339316 DOI: 10.1037/a0027173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Comments on the original article by Marcus et al. (see record 2011-23134-001). Based on their meta-analytic review of the correlates of the two factors of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI), Fearless Dominance (FD) and Self-Centered Impulsivity (SCI), Marcus, Fulton, and Edens (this issue, pp. 70-79) raise important questions about the role of FD in diagnostic conceptualizations of psychopathy. In considering their findings, general limitations of metaanalyses (e.g., Ioannidis & Lau, 1999) should be borne in mind, along with specific limitations of their analysis. These limitations are discussed here.
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Shannon RW, Patrick CJ, Venables NC, He S. 'Faceness' and affectivity: evidence for genetic contributions to distinct components of electrocortical response to human faces. Neuroimage 2013; 83:609-15. [PMID: 23769918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to recognize a variety of different human faces is undoubtedly one of the most important and impressive functions of the human perceptual system. Neuroimaging studies have revealed multiple brain regions (including the FFA, STS, OFA) and electrophysiological studies have identified differing brain event-related potential (ERP) components (e.g., N170, P200) possibly related to distinct types of face information processing. To evaluate the heritability of ERP components associated with face processing, including N170, P200, and LPP, we examined ERP responses to fearful and neutral face stimuli in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Concordance levels for early brain response indices of face processing (N170, P200) were found to be stronger for MZ than DZ twins, providing evidence of a heritable basis to each. These findings support the idea that certain key neural mechanisms for face processing are genetically coded. Implications for understanding individual differences in recognition of facial identity and the emotional content of faces are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Shannon
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0344, USA.
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Yancey JR, Venables NC, Hicks BM, Patrick CJ. Evidence for a Heritable Brain Basis to Deviance-Promoting Deficits in Self-Control. J Crim Justice 2013; 41:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.06.002. [PMID: 24187392 PMCID: PMC3811935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Classic criminological theories emphasize the role of impaired self-control in behavioral deviancy. Reduced amplitude of the P300 brain response is reliably observed in individuals with antisocial and substance-related problems, suggesting it may serve as a neurophysiological indicator of deficiencies in self-control that confer liability to deviancy. METHODS The current study evaluated the role of self-control capacity - operationalized by scores on a scale measure of trait disinhibition - in mediating the relationship between P300 brain response and behavioral deviancy in a sample of adult twins (N=419) assessed for symptoms of antisocial/addictive disorders and P300 brain response. RESULTS As predicted, greater disorder symptoms and higher trait disinhibition scores each predicted smaller P300 amplitude, and trait disinhibition mediated observed relations between antisocial/addictive disorders and P300 response. Further, twin modeling analyses revealed that trait disinhibition scores and disorder symptoms reflected a common genetic liability, and this genetic liability largely accounted for the observed phenotypic relationship between antisocial-addictive problems and P300 brain response. CONCLUSIONS These results provide further evidence that heritable weaknesses in self-control capacity confer liability to antisocial/addictive outcomes and that P300 brain response indexes this dispositional liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Yancey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Noah C. Venables
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Brian M. Hicks
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Venables NC, Patrick CJ. Validity of the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory in a criminal offender sample: relations with disinhibitory psychopathology, personality, and psychopathic features. Psychol Assess 2011; 24:88-100. [PMID: 21787091 DOI: 10.1037/a0024703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Externalizing Spectrum Inventory (ESI; Krueger, Markon, Patrick, Benning, & Kramer, 2007) provides a self-report based method for indexing a range of correlated problem behaviors and traits in the domain of deficient impulse control. The ESI organizes lower order behaviors and traits of this kind around higher order factors encompassing general disinhibitory proneness, callous-aggression, and substance abuse. In the current study, we used data from a male prisoner sample (N = 235) to evaluate the validity of ESI total and factor scores in relation to external criterion measures consisting of externalizing disorder symptoms (including child and adult antisocial deviance and substance-related problems) assessed via diagnostic interviews, personality traits assessed with self-reports, and psychopathic features as assessed with both interviews and self-reports. Results provide evidence for the validity of the ESI measurement model and point to its potential usefulness as a referent for research on the neurobiological correlates and etiological bases of externalizing proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C Venables
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301, USA
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Venables NC, Patrick CJ, Hall JR, Bernat EM. Clarifying relations between dispositional aggression and brain potential response: overlapping and distinct contributions of impulsivity and stress reactivity. Biol Psychol 2011; 86:279-88. [PMID: 21262318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive-aggressive individuals exhibit deficits in amplitude of the P3 brain potential response, however, it remains unclear how separable dispositional traits account for this association. The current study sought to clarify the basis of this association by examining contributions of trait impulsiveness and stress reactivity to the observed relationship between dispositional aggression and amplitude of the P3 brain potential response in a visual novelty-oddball procedure. A significant negative association was found between aggressiveness and amplitude of P3 response to both target and novel stimuli over frontal-central scalp sites. Impulsivity showed a parallel inverse relationship with P3 amplitude, attributable to its overlap with dispositional aggression. In contrast, stress reactivity did not exhibit a zero-order association with P3 amplitude, but modestly predicted P3 in a positive direction after accounting for its overlap with aggression. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for individual difference variables and brain processes underlying impulsive-aggressive behavior.
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Abstract
We evaluated whether abnormal frequency composition of the resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) in schizophrenia was associated with genetic liability for the disorder by studying first-degree biological relatives of schizophrenia patients. The study included a data-driven method for defining EEG frequency components and determined the specificity of resting state EEG frequency abnormalities by assessing schizophrenia patients, bipolar disorder patients, and relatives of both patient groups. Schizophrenia patients and their relatives, but not bipolar patients or their relatives, exhibited increased high-frequency activity (beta) providing evidence for disturbances in resting state brain activity being specific to genetic liability for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients exhibited augmented low-frequency EEG activity (delta, theta), while bipolar disorder patients and the 2 groups of relatives generally failed to manifest similar low-frequency EEG abnormalities. The Val(158)Met polymorphism for the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene was most strongly associated with delta and theta activity in schizophrenia patients. Met homozygote schizophrenia patients exhibited augmented activity for the 2 low-frequency bands compared with control subjects. Excessive high-frequency EEG activity over frontal brain regions may serve as an endophenotype that reflects cortical expression of genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia. Low-frequency resting state EEG anomalies in schizophrenia may relate to disorder-specific pathophysiology in schizophrenia and the influence of the COMT gene on tonic dopamanergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 116B, VA Medical Center, Once Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417; tel: 612-725-2074, fax: 612-727-5964, e-mail:
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Force RB, Venables NC, Sponheim SR. An auditory processing abnormality specific to liability for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2008; 103:298-310. [PMID: 18571375 PMCID: PMC3816098 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal brain activity during the processing of simple sounds is evident in individuals with increased genetic liability for schizophrenia; however, the diagnostic specificity of these abnormalities has yet to be fully examined. Because recent evidence suggests that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share aspects of genetic etiology the present study was conducted to determine whether individuals with heightened genetic liability for each disorder manifested distinct neural abnormalities during auditory processing. Utilizing a dichotic listening paradigm, we assessed target tone discrimination and electrophysiological responses in schizophrenia patients, first-degree biological relatives of schizophrenia patients, bipolar disorder patients, first-degree biological relatives of bipolar patients and nonpsychiatric control participants. Schizophrenia patients and relatives of schizophrenia patients demonstrated reductions in an early neural response (i.e. N1) suggestive of deficient sensory registration of auditory stimuli. Bipolar patients and relatives of bipolar patients demonstrated no such abnormality. Both schizophrenia and bipolar patients failed to significantly augment N1 amplitude with attention. Schizophrenia patients also failed to show sensitivity of longer-latency neural processes (N2) to stimulus frequency suggesting a disorder specific deficit in stimulus classification. Only schizophrenia patients exhibited reduced target tone discrimination accuracy. Reduced N1 responses reflective of early auditory processing abnormalities are suggestive of a marker of genetic liability for schizophrenia and may serve as an endophenotype for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B. Force
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | | | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis
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