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Ayer L, Ohana E, Ivanova MY, Frering HE, Achenbach TM, Althoff RR. Emotional and Behavioral Problem Profiles of Preteens With Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: A Multicultural Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00007-8. [PMID: 38280415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) among preteen children have risen to the attention of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. To shed light on potential treatment/prevention targets, we sought to identify empirically derived emotional and behavioral problem profiles of preteens with SITB, and to determine whether these profiles differ by age, gender and society. METHOD Caregivers of 46,719 children aged 6 to 12 years from 42 societies across the world completed the Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18). There were 1,656 children whose caregivers indicated that their child experienced SITB. We conducted a latent profile analysis (LPA) using scores from eight CBCL/6-18 problem scales to derive problem profiles of children with SITB. Multilevel modelling was used to estimate differences in the profiles by SITB, society, sex, and age. RESULTS A 4-profile model provided the best fit to the data, with profiles reflecting low problems (39.7%), mild problems (42.6%), moderate problems (15.4%), and rule-breaking/thought problems (2.3%). The low problems profile had CBCL problem scale scores nearly indistinguishable from those of children without SITB. Children in the rule-breaking/thought problems group were mostly female, whereas children in the other profile groups were mostly male. Children with the rule-breaking/thought problems profile also were most likely to have both suicidal thoughts and self-harm behaviors. CONCLUSION Problem profiles of preteens with SITB are heterogeneous, with most having relatively low levels of other psychopathology. Selectively screening only children with clinically significant mental health problems for suicidal thoughts and self-harm behaviors (eg, asking about suicidal thoughts only among children with depression) risks missing many children experiencing SITB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masha Y Ivanova
- University of Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Hannah E Frering
- University of Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- University of Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Robert R Althoff
- University of Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington, Vermont
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Salehi Yegaei P, Achenbach TM, Trejos-Castillo E, Mastrotheodoros S, Izanloo B, Habibi Asgarabad M. Dimensions of Identity Development Scale: Confirmatory factor analysis, gender invariance, and external validity of the Persian version. J Res Adolesc 2023; 33:1115-1130. [PMID: 37246736 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties and gender invariance of the Iranian version of the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS). A total of 1453 adolescents (50.8% female; 14-18 years old, mean = 15.48) participated in a cross-sectional study and completed the DIDS and the Youth Self-Report of behavior problems. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the six-factor model of the DIDS, echoing past studies showing the original 5th factor (Exploration in Depth) being divided into Exploration in Depth and Reconsidering the Commitment. The invariance testing showed comparable measurement properties of the DIDS across males and females (strict measurement invariance). Further, behavior problems were associated positively with Ruminative Exploration and negatively with Commitment Making, Identification with Commitments, Exploration in Depth, and Reconsideration of Commitments, whereas the opposite was true for academic performance. A six-factor DIDS was shown to be a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of identity development dimensions among Iranian adolescents. Future studies in the Iranian context evaluating the identity clusters derived from identity dimensions and their gender differences are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Salehi Yegaei
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Stefanos Mastrotheodoros
- Research Center for Adolescent Development, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Balal Izanloo
- Faculty of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychology, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Positive Youth Development Lab, Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Copeland WE, Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Turner LV, Tong G, Ahmeti-Pronaj A, Au A, Bellina M, Caldas JC, Chen YC, Csemy L, da Rocha MM, Dobrean A, Ezpeleta L, Funabiki Y, Harder VS, Lecannelier F, Leiner de la Cabada M, Leung P, Liu J, Mahr S, Malykh S, Markovic J, Ndetei DM, Oh KJ, Petot JM, Riad G, Sakarya D, Samaniego VC, Sebre S, Shahini M, Silvares E, Simulioniene R, Sokoli E, Talcott JB, Vazquez N, Wolanczyk T, Zasepa E. Cultural contributions to adults' self-rated mental health problems and strengths: 7 culture clusters, 28 societies, 16 906 adults. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7581-7590. [PMID: 37203460 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown how much variation in adult mental health problems is associated with differences between societal/cultural groups, over and above differences between individuals. METHODS To test these relative contributions, a consortium of indigenous researchers collected Adult Self-Report (ASR) ratings from 16 906 18- to 59-year-olds in 28 societies that represented seven culture clusters identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study (e.g. Confucian, Anglo). The ASR is scored on 17 problem scales, plus a personal strengths scale. Hierarchical linear modeling estimated variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. Multi-level analyses of covariance tested age and gender effects. RESULTS Across the 17 problem scales, the variance accounted for by individual differences ranged from 80.3% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems to 95.2% for DSM-oriented avoidant personality (mean = 90.7%); by society: 3.2% for DSM-oriented somatic problems to 8.0% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems (mean = 6.3%); and by culture cluster: 0.0% for DSM-oriented avoidant personality to 11.6% for DSM-oriented anxiety problems (mean = 3.0%). For strengths, individual differences accounted for 80.8% of variance, societal differences 10.5%, and cultural differences 8.7%. Age and gender had very small effects. CONCLUSIONS Overall, adults' self-ratings of mental health problems and strengths were associated much more with individual differences than societal/cultural differences, although this varied across scales. These findings support cross-cultural use of standardized measures to assess mental health problems, but urge caution in assessment of personal strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Copeland
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Masha Y Ivanova
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Lori V Turner
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Guangyu Tong
- Yale University, 135 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Adelina Ahmeti-Pronaj
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Monica Bellina
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute, 7 Padiglione, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini, Lecco 23842, Italy
| | - J Carlos Caldas
- Departamento de Ciências Sociais e do Comportamento, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde - Norte, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Yi-Chuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- Prague Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory of Social Psychiatry, Ustavni 91, 181 03 Praha 8, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marina M da Rocha
- University Paulista (Unip), Institute of Human Sciences, Rua Francisco Bautista, 300, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, 400015, Rupublicii st. 37, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lourdes Ezpeleta
- Departament de Psicologia Clinica i de la Salut, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Valerie S Harder
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | | | - Marie Leiner de la Cabada
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, P. O. Box 43091 Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Patrick Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 356, Sino Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Safia Mahr
- Departement de Psychologie, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Batiment C, 3e Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200 Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre 92001, France
| | - Sergey Malykh
- Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Mokhovaya str, 9/4, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Jasminka Markovic
- Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - David M Ndetei
- Africa Mental Health Foundation, P.O. Box 48423-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kyung Ja Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Soedaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jean-Michel Petot
- Departement de Psychologie, Université de Paris Ouest, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Batiment C, 3 Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200 Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre 92001, France
| | | | - Direnc Sakarya
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sandra Sebre
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Jurmalas Avenue 74/76, Riga, Latvia LV-1083
| | - Mimoza Shahini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Edwiges Silvares
- University of São Paulo, Instituto de Psicologia, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roma Simulioniene
- Department of Psychology, Klaipeda University, Herkaus Manto str. 84, Klaipeda 92294, Lithuania
| | - Elvisa Sokoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Joel B Talcott
- Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK B4 7ET
| | - Natalia Vazquez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomasz Wolanczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Zasepa
- The Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education, Room 3609, Szczesliwicka 40, 02-353, Warsaw, Poland
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Turner LV. Associations of Parental Depression with Children’s Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: Meta-Analyses of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Effects. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 2022; 51:827-849. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2127104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Turner L, Almqvist F, Begovac I, Bilenberg N, Bird H, Broberg AG, Córdova Calderón MA, Chahed M, Dang HM, Dobrean A, Döpfner M, Erol N, Forns M, Guðmundsson HS, Hannesdóttir H, Hewitt-Ramirez N, Kanbayashi Y, Karki S, Koot HM, Lambert MC, Leung P, Magai DN, Maggiolini A, Metzke CW, Minaei A, Monzani da Rocha M, Moreira PAS, Mulatu MS, Nøvik TS, Oh KJ, Petot D, Petot JM, Pisa C, Pomalima R, Roussos A, Rudan V, Sawyer MG, Shahini M, Simsek Z, Steinhausen HC, Verhulst FC, Weintraub S, Weiss B, Wolanczyk T, Zhang EY, Zilber N, Žukauskienė R. Effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youth-rated problems and strengths in 38 societies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1297-1307. [PMID: 35167140 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians increasingly serve youths from societal/cultural backgrounds different from their own. This raises questions about how to interpret what such youths report. Rescorla et al. (2019, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 1107) found that much more variance in 72,493 parents' ratings of their offspring's mental health problems was accounted for by individual differences than by societal or cultural differences. Although parents' reports are essential for clinical assessment of their offspring, they reflect parents' perceptions of the offspring. Consequently, clinical assessment also requires self-reports from the offspring themselves. To test effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youths' self-ratings of their problems and strengths, we analyzed Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores for 39,849 11-17 year olds in 38 societies. METHODS Indigenous researchers obtained YSR self-ratings from population samples of youths in 38 societies representing 10 culture cluster identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study. Hierarchical linear modeling of scores on 17 problem scales and one strengths scale estimated the percent of variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. ANOVAs tested age and gender effects. RESULTS Averaged across the 17 problem scales, individual differences accounted for 92.5% of variance, societal differences 6.0%, and cultural differences 1.5%. For strengths, individual differences accounted for 83.4% of variance, societal differences 10.1%, and cultural differences 6.5%. Age and gender had very small effects. CONCLUSIONS Like parents' ratings, youths' self-ratings of problems were affected much more by individual differences than societal/cultural differences. Most variance in self-rated strengths also reflected individual differences, but societal/cultural effects were larger than for problems, suggesting greater influence of social desirability. The clinical significance of individual differences in youths' self-reports should thus not be minimized by societal/cultural differences, which-while important-can be taken into account with appropriate norms, as can gender and age differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Y Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Lori Turner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Fredrik Almqvist
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivan Begovac
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hector Bird
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anders G Broberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mery A Córdova Calderón
- Department of Psychology, Fiscalía Provincial of Orellana, Puerto Francisco de Orellana, Ecuador
| | - Myriam Chahed
- Department of Psychology, Université Paris-Nanterre, Paris, France
| | | | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mandred Döpfner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of Childhood and Adolescence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nese Erol
- Department of Mental Health and Illness, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maria Forns
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Suyen Karki
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hans M Koot
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael C Lambert
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Leung
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dorcas N Magai
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfio Maggiolini
- Minotauro Istituto Di Analisi Dei Codici Affettivi, Milan, Italy
| | - Christa Winkler Metzke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Asghar Minaei
- Department of Educational and Psychological Measurement, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marina Monzani da Rocha
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A S Moreira
- Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD), Universidade Lusíada Norte (Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mesfin S Mulatu
- National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Torunn Stene Nøvik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kyung Ja Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Djaouida Petot
- Department of Psychology, Université Paris-Nanterre, Paris, France
| | | | - Cecilia Pisa
- Minotauro Istituto Di Analisi Dei Codici Affettivi, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Pomalima
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental Honorio Delgado Hideyo Noguchi, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Vlasta Rudan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michael G Sawyer
- School of Psychology and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Zeynep Simsek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sheila Weintraub
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bahr Weiss
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tomasz Wolanczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Nelly Zilber
- Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center, Falk Institute for Mental Health Studies, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rita Žukauskienė
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Bianchi V, Rescorla L, Rosi E, Grazioli S, Mauri M, Frigerio A, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Csemy L, Decoster J, Fontaine JR, Funabiki Y, Ndetei DM, Oh KJ, da Rocha MM, Šimulioniene R, Sokoli E, Molteni M, Nobile M. Emotional Dysregulation in Adults from 10 World Societies: An Epidemiological Latent Class Analysis of the Adult-Self-Report. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2022; 22:100301. [PMID: 35572074 PMCID: PMC9055064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Method Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianchi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Rosi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
- Corresponding author: Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy (23842)
| | - Silvia Grazioli
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mauri
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
- PhD School in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Alessandra Frigerio
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
| | - Thomas M. Achenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Masha Y. Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- Prague Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory of Social Psychiatry, Czech Republic
| | - Jeroen Decoster
- Department of Department of Work, Organization, and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Johnny R.J. Fontaine
- Department of Department of Work, Organization, and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | | | - Kyung Ja Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, South Korea
| | | | | | - Elvisa Sokoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Tirana, Albania
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Italy
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7
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Abstract
Bottom-up paradigms prioritize empirical data from which to derive conceptualizations of psychopathology. These paradigms use multivariate statistics to identify syndromes of problems that tend to co-occur plus higher-order groupings such as those designated as internalizing and externalizing. Bottom-up assessment instruments obtain self-ratings and collateral ratings of behavioral, emotional, social, and thought problems and strengths for ages 1½-90+. Ratings of population samples provide norms for syndrome and higher-order scales for each gender, at different ages, rated by different informants, in relation to multicultural norms. The normed assessment instruments operationalize the empirically derived syndromes and higher-order groupings for applications to clinical services, research, and training. Because cross-informant agreement is modest and no single informant provides comprehensive assessment data, software compares ratings by different informants. Top-down paradigms prioritize conceptual representations of the nature and structure of psychopathology, as exemplified by psychodynamic, DSM/ICD, and HiTOP paradigms. Although these paradigms originated with observations, they tend to prioritize conceptual representations over empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Achenbach
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA;
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8
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Turner LV, Dumas JA, Almeida V, Anafarta-Sendag M, Carlos Caldas J, Chen YC, da Silva Oliveira M, Erol N, Funabiki Y, Guðmundsson HS, Kim YA, Leite M, Liu J, Markovic J, Misiec M, Oh KJ, Shi S, Sigurðardóttir SH, Sokoli E, Tomasevic T, Zasępa E. The generalizability of empirically derived syndromes of collateral-reported elder psychopathology across 11 societies. Res Nurs Health 2021; 44:681-691. [PMID: 34125443 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test whether a syndrome model of elder psychopathology derived from collateral ratings, such as from spouses and adult children, in the United States would be generalizable in 11 other societies. Societies represented South America, Asia, and Europe. The Older Adult Behavior Checklist (OABCL) was completed by collateral informants for 6141 60- to 102-year-olds. The tested model comprised syndromes designated as Anxious/Depressed, Worries, Somatic Complaints, Functional Impairment, Memory/Cognition Problems, Thought Problems, and Irritable/Disinhibited. The model was tested using confirmatory factor analyses in each society separately. The primary model fit index showed a good fit for all societies, while the secondary model fit indices showed acceptable to a good fit for all societies. The items loaded strongly on their respective factors, with a median item loading of 0.69 across the 11 societies. By syndrome, the overall median item loadings ranged from 0.47 for Worries to 0.77 for Functional Impairment. The OABCL syndrome structure was thus generalizable across the tested societies. The OABCL can be used for broad assessment of psychopathology for elders of diverse backgrounds in nursing services and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Y Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Leslie A Rescorla
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lori V Turner
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Julie A Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Vera Almeida
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.,UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - J Carlos Caldas
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yi-Chuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | - Nese Erol
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Manuela Leite
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Monika Misiec
- Department of Psychology, Academia Pedagogiki Specjalnej, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kyung J Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shupeng Shi
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Elvisa Sokoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Tanja Tomasevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ewa Zasępa
- Department of Psychology, Academia Pedagogiki Specjalnej, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Achenbach
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological ScienceUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
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10
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Krueger RF, Kotov R, Watson D, Forbes MK, Eaton NR, Ruggero CJ, Simms LJ, Widiger TA, Achenbach TM, Bach B, Bagby RM, Bornovalova MA, Carpenter WT, Chmielewski M, Cicero DC, Clark LA, Conway C, DeClercq B, DeYoung CG, Docherty AR, Drislane LE, First MB, Forbush KT, Hallquist M, Haltigan JD, Hopwood CJ, Ivanova MY, Jonas KG, Latzman RD, Markon KE, Miller JD, Morey LC, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Ormel J, Patalay P, Patrick CJ, Pincus AL, Regier DA, Reininghaus U, Rescorla LA, Samuel DB, Sellbom M, Shackman AJ, Skodol A, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Tackett JL, Venables NC, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Waugh MH, Wright AG, Zald DH, Zimmermann J. Les progrès dans la réalisation de la classification quantitative de la psychopathologie ☆. Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 2021; 179:95-106. [PMID: 34305151 PMCID: PMC8309948 DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Shortcomings of approaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psychopathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification of psychopathology. A substantial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical. When the discreteness versus continuity of psychopathology is treated as a research question, as opposed to being decided as a matter of tradition, the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis of continuity. In addition, a related body of literature shows how psychopathology dimensions can be arranged in a hierarchy, ranging from very broad "spectrum level" dimensions, to specific and narrow clusters of symptoms. In this way, a quantitative approach solves the "problem of comorbidity" by explicitly modeling patterns of co-occurrence among signs and symptoms within a detailed and variegated hierarchy of dimensional concepts with direct clinical utility. Indeed, extensive evidence pertaining to the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology has led to the formation of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Consortium. This is a group of 70 investigators working together to study empirical classification of psychopathology. In this paper, we describe the aims and current foci of the HiTOP Consortium. These aims pertain to continued research on the empirical organization of psychopathology; the connection between personality and psychopathology; the utility of empirically based psychopathology constructs in both research and the clinic; and the development of novel and comprehensive models and corresponding assessment instruments for psychopathology constructs derived from an empirical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Miriam K. Forbes
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas R. Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Camilo J. Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Leonard J. Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A. Widiger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - R. Michael Bagby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David C. Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Christopher Conway
- Department of Psychology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Barbara DeClercq
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin G. DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laura E. Drislane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael B. First
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Hallquist
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - John D. Haltigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Masha Y. Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Robert D. Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joshua D. Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Leslie C. Morey
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aaron L. Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Darrel A. Regier
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Douglas B. Samuel
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew Skodol
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tim Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Noah C. Venables
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Mark H. Waugh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Aidan G.C. Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David H. Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Turner LV, Dumas JA, Almeida V, Anafarta-Sendag M, Bite I, Boomsma DI, Caldas JC, Capps JW, Chen YC, Colombo P, da Silva Oliveira M, Dobrean A, Erol N, Frigerio A, Funabiki Y, Gedutienė R, Guðmundsson HS, Heo MQ, Kim YA, Lee TS, Leite M, Liu J, Markovic J, Misiec M, Müller M, Oh KJ, Portillo-Reyes V, Retz W, Sebre SB, Shi S, Sigurðardóttir SH, Šimulionienė R, Sokoli E, Tomasevic T, Vink JM, Zasępa E. The generalizability of Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) syndromes of psychopathology across 20 societies. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:525-536. [PMID: 31994777 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the world population ages, psychiatrists will increasingly need instruments for measuring constructs of psychopathology that are generalizable to diverse elders. The study tested whether syndromes of co-occurring problems derived from self-ratings of psychopathology by US elders would fit self-ratings by elders in 19 other societies. METHODS/DESIGN The Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) was completed by 12 826 adults who were 60 to 102 years old in 19 societies from North and South America, Asia, and Eastern, Northern, Southern, and Western Europe, plus the United States. Individual and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) tested the fit of the seven-syndrome OASR model, consisting of the Anxious/Depressed, Worries, Somatic Complaints, Functional Impairment, Memory/Cognition Problems, Thought Problems, and Irritable/Disinhibited syndromes. RESULTS In individual CFAs, the primary model fit index showed good fit for all societies, while the secondary model fit indices showed acceptable to good fit. The items loaded strongly on their respective factors, with a median item loading of .63 across 20 societies, and 98.7% of the loadings were statistically significant. In multigroup CFAs, 98% of items demonstrated approximate or full metric invariance. Fifteen percent of items demonstrated approximate or full scalar invariance, and another 59% demonstrated scalar invariance across more than half of societies. CONCLUSIONS The findings supported the generalizability of OASR syndromes across societies. The seven syndromes offer empirically based clinical constructs that are relevant for elders of different backgrounds. They can be used to assess diverse elders and as a taxonomic framework to facilitate communication, services, research, and training in geriatric psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Y Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Lori V Turner
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Julie A Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Vera Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MedTec-Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ieva Bite
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Carlos Caldas
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - John W Capps
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Chuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Paola Colombo
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | | | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nese Erol
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alessandra Frigerio
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Reda Gedutienė
- Department of Psychology, Klaipėda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | | | - Min Quan Heo
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Tih-Shih Lee
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Manuela Leite
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Monika Misiec
- Department of Psychology, Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcus Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kyung Ja Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Wolfgang Retz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Homburg/Saar, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sandra B Sebre
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Shupeng Shi
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Elvisa Sokoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Tanja Tomasevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewa Zasępa
- Department of Psychology, Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
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Rescorla LA, Achenbach TM, Ginzburg S, Ivanova M, Dumenci L, Almqvist F, Bathiche M, Bilenberg N, Bird H, Domuta A, Erol N, Fombonne E, Fonseca A, Frigerio A, Kanbayashi Y, Lambert MC, Liu X, Leung P, Minaei A, Roussos A, Simsek Z, Weintraub S, Weisz J, Wolanczyk T, Zubrick SR, Zukauskiene R, Verhulst F. Consistency of Teacher-Reported Problems for Students in 21 Countries. School Psychology Review 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.2007.12087954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Asghar Minaei
- 15Research Institute of Exceptional Children, Tehran
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen R. Zubrick
- 20Curtin University of Technology and the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research
| | | | - Frank Verhulst
- 22Erasmus University Medical Center—Sophia Children's Hospital
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Dumenci L, McConaughy SH, Achenbach TM. A Hierarchical Three-Factor Model of Inattention-Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Derived From the Attention Problems Syndrome of the Teacher's Report Form. School Psychology Review 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.2004.12086249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rescorla LA, Althoff RR, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY. Correction to: Effects of society and culture on parents' ratings of children's mental health problems in 45 societies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1153. [PMID: 30864073 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unfortunately, due to a technical error the International ASEBA Consortium was not listed as author in the original publication. This error is corrected via this correction.
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Achenbach TM. International findings with the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA): applications to clinical services, research, and training. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:30. [PMID: 31312253 PMCID: PMC6610912 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this invited article is to present multicultural norms and related international findings obtained with the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) by indigenous researchers in over 50 societies. The article describes ASEBA instruments for which multicultural norms are available, plus procedures for constructing the multicultural norms. It presents applications to clinical services, including use of multi-informant data for assessing children and their parents. The Multicultural Family Assessment Module (MFAM) enables mental health providers to view side-by-side bar graphs of child and parent scores on syndromes, DSM-oriented scales, Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems. Evidence-based assessment of progress and outcomes is facilitated by the Progress & Outcomes App (P&O App). Research applications are outlined, including longitudinal and outcomes research. Applications to training mental health providers include having trainees study standardized multi-informant assessment data prior to interviewing children and their parents. Trainees can also sharpen their clinical skills by completing assessment forms to describe children and their parents, and then using ASEBA software to compare their ratings with ratings by children, parents, and other informants. Practical evidence-based assessment instruments with multicultural norms enable mental health providers, researchers, and trainees to perform intake, progress, and outcome assessments of children and their parents in terms of a standardized international clinical data language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Achenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401 USA
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19
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Rescorla LA, Given C, Glynn S, Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM. International comparisons of autism spectrum disorder behaviors in preschoolers rated by parents and caregivers/teachers. Autism 2019; 23:2043-2054. [PMID: 30995081 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319839151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study tested international similarities and differences in scores on a scale comprising 12 items identified by international mental health experts as being very consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) category of autism spectrum disorder. Participants were 19,850 preschoolers in 24 societies rated by parents on the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½-5; 10,521 preschoolers from 15 societies rated by caregivers/teachers on the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form, and 7380 children from 13 societies rated by both types of informant. Rank ordering of the items with respect to base rates and mean ratings was more similar across societies for parent ratings than caregiver/teacher ratings, especially with respect to the items tapping restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Items 80. Strange behavior; 63. Repeatedly rocks head or body; 67. Seems unresponsive to affection; and 98. Withdrawn, doesn't get involved with others had low base rates in these population samples across societies and types of informants, suggesting that they may be particularly discriminating for identifying autism spectrum disorder in young children. Cross-informant agreement was stronger for the items tapping social communication and interaction problems than restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. The findings support the feasibility of international use of the scale for autism spectrum disorder screening in population samples.
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20
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Krueger RF, Kotov R, Watson D, Forbes MK, Eaton NR, Ruggero CJ, Simms LJ, Widiger TA, Achenbach TM, Bach B, Bagby RM, Bornovalova MA, Carpenter WT, Chmielewski M, Cicero DC, Clark LA, Conway C, DeClercq B, DeYoung CG, Docherty AR, Drislane LE, First MB, Forbush KT, Hallquist M, Haltigan JD, Hopwood CJ, Ivanova MY, Jonas KG, Latzman RD, Markon KE, Miller JD, Morey LC, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Ormel J, Patalay P, Patrick CJ, Pincus AL, Regier DA, Reininghaus U, Rescorla LA, Samuel DB, Sellbom M, Shackman AJ, Skodol A, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Tackett JL, Venables NC, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Waugh MH, Wright AGC, Zald DH, Zimmermann J. Progress in achieving quantitative classification of psychopathology. World Psychiatry 2018; 17:282-293. [PMID: 30229571 PMCID: PMC6172695 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortcomings of approaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psychopathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification of psychopathology. A substantial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical. When the discreteness versus continuity of psychopathology is treated as a research question, as opposed to being decided as a matter of tradition, the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis of continuity. In addition, a related body of literature shows how psychopathology dimensions can be arranged in a hierarchy, ranging from very broad "spectrum level" dimensions, to specific and narrow clusters of symptoms. In this way, a quantitative approach solves the "problem of comorbidity" by explicitly modeling patterns of co-occurrence among signs and symptoms within a detailed and variegated hierarchy of dimensional concepts with direct clinical utility. Indeed, extensive evidence pertaining to the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology has led to the formation of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Consortium. This is a group of 70 investigators working together to study empirical classification of psychopathology. In this paper, we describe the aims and current foci of the HiTOP Consortium. These aims pertain to continued research on the empirical organization of psychopathology; the connection between personality and psychopathology; the utility of empirically based psychopathology constructs in both research and the clinic; and the development of novel and comprehensive models and corresponding assessment instruments for psychopathology constructs derived from an empirical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Camilo J Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A Widiger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Christopher Conway
- Department of Psychology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Barbara DeClercq
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laura E Drislane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael B First
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael Hallquist
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - John D Haltigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Masha Y Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Leslie C Morey
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Aaron L Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Darrel A Regier
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Douglas B Samuel
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew Skodol
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tim Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Noah C Venables
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mark H Waugh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Rescorla LA, Blumenfeld MC, Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, International ASEBA Consortium. International Comparisons of the Dysregulation Profile Based on Reports by Parents, Adolescents, and Teachers. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 2018; 48:866-880. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2018.1469090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Achenbach TM. Multi-Informant and Multicultural Advances in Evidence-Based Assessment of Students’ Behavioral/Emotional/Social Difficulties. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. This article presents practical tools for evidence-based assessment of students’ behavioral/emotional/social difficulties and strengths in culturally sensitive ways. The assessment instruments obtain teacher, parent, and student ratings, plus observations in classrooms and other group settings, in interviews, and in testing sessions. To document differences in students’ functioning in school and other contexts, plus differences between teacher, parent, and student perspectives, users can display cross-informant comparisons of ratings of specific difficulties items. Users can also display cross-informant comparisons between bar graphs of scores on empirically derived syndromes, DSM-oriented scales, Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems. Scale scores are standardized according to norms for students’ gender and age, type of informant (teacher, parent, student), and multicultural norms. Multicultural norms are based on teacher, parent, and student ratings of population samples of students in many societies. The ratings were used to construct gender-, age-, and informant-specific norms for societies having relatively low difficulties scores, medium scores, or high scores. The assessment instruments can be used to identify students who need help and to tailor interventions to students’ needs. The same instruments can be used to measure changes by comparing pre- versus post-intervention scores. Brief instruments assess progress over short periods.
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Guo J, Althoff RR, Kan KJ, Almqvist F, Begovac I, Broberg AG, Chahed M, da Rocha MM, Dobrean A, Döepfner M, Erol N, Fombonne E, Fonseca AC, Forns M, Frigerio A, Grietens H, Hewitt-Ramirez N, Juarez F, Kajokienė I, Kanbayashi Y, Kim YA, Larsson B, Leung P, Liu X, Maggiolini A, Minaei A, Moreira PA, Oh KJ, Petot D, Pisa C, Pomalima R, Roussos A, Rudan V, Sawyer M, Shahini M, Ferreira de Mattos Silvares E, Simsek Z, Steinhausen HC, Szirovicza L, Valverde J, Viola L, Weintraub S, Metzke CW, Wolanczyk T, Woo B, Zhang EY, Zilber N, Žukauskienė R, Verhulst FC. Testing Syndromes of Psychopathology in Parent and Youth Ratings Across Societies. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 2018; 48:596-609. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1405352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiesi Guo
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University
| | | | - Kees-Jan Kan
- College of Child Development and Education, University Amsterdam
| | | | - Ivan Begovac
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Zagreb
| | | | - Myriam Chahed
- Department of Psychology, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense
| | | | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University
| | - Manfred Döepfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cologne
| | - Nese Erol
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Ankara University
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University
| | | | - Maria Forns
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatment, University of Barcelona
| | | | - Hans Grietens
- Centre for Special Needs Education & Youth Care, University of Groningen
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Larsson
- Department of Neuroscience, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology
| | - Patrick Leung
- Department of Psychology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University
| | - Alfio Maggiolini
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano – Bicocca
| | - Asghar Minaei
- Department of Educational and Psychological Measurement, Allameh Tabataba’i University
| | - Paulo A.S. Moreira
- Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada Norte (Porto)
| | | | - Djaouida Petot
- Department of Psychology, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense
| | - Cecilia Pisa
- Minotauro Istituto di Analisi dei Codici Affettivi
| | - Rolando Pomalima
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental Honorio Delgado Hideyo Noguchi
| | | | - Vlasta Rudan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Zagreb
| | - Michael Sawyer
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide & Research and Evaluation Unit, Women’s and Children’s Health Network
| | - Mimoza Shahini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosovo
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose Valverde
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental Honorio Delgado Hideyo Noguchi
| | - Laura Viola
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Hospital de Niños, Sociedad Española
| | | | | | | | - Bernardine Woo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health Singapore
| | | | - Nelly Zilber
- Falk Institute for Mental Health Studies, Jerusalem & CRFJ (French Research Center in Jerusalem)
| | | | - Frank C. Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia’s Children’s Hospital
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Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Rescorla LA. Empirically based assessment and taxonomy of psychopathology for ages 1½-90+ years: Developmental, multi-informant, and multicultural findings. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 79:4-18. [PMID: 28356192 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Originating in the 1960s, the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) comprises a family of instruments for assessing problems and strengths for ages 1½-90+ years. PURPOSE To provide an overview of the ASEBA, related research, and future directions for empirically based assessment and taxonomy. CONTENT Standardized, multi-informant ratings of transdiagnostic dimensions of behavioral, emotional, social, and thought problems are hierarchically scored on narrow-spectrum syndrome scales, broad-spectrum internalizing and externalizing scales, and a total problems (general psychopathology) scale. DSM-oriented and strengths scales are also scored. The instruments and scales have been iteratively developed from assessments of clinical and population samples of hundreds of thousands of individuals. Items, instruments, scales, and norms are tailored to different kinds of informants for ages 1½-5, 6-18, 18-59, and 60-90+ years. To take account of differences between informants' ratings, parallel instruments are completed by parents, teachers, youths, adult probands, and adult collaterals. Syndromes and Internalizing/Externalizing scales derived from factor analyses of each instrument capture variations in patterns of problems that reflect different informants' perspectives. Confirmatory factor analyses have supported the syndrome structures in dozens of societies. Software displays scale scores in relation to user-selected multicultural norms for the age and gender of the person being assessed, according to ratings by each type of informant. Multicultural norms are derived from population samples in 57 societies on every inhabited continent. Ongoing and future research includes multicultural assessment of elders; advancing transdiagnostic progress and outcomes assessment; and testing higher order structures of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Achenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - Masha Y Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - Leslie A Rescorla
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010.
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Kotov R, Krueger RF, Watson D, Achenbach TM, Althoff RR, Bagby RM, Brown TA, Carpenter WT, Caspi A, Clark LA, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Goldberg D, Hasin D, Hyman SE, Ivanova MY, Lynam DR, Markon K, Miller JD, Moffitt TE, Morey LC, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Ormel J, Patrick CJ, Regier DA, Rescorla L, Ruggero CJ, Samuel DB, Sellbom M, Simms LJ, Skodol AE, Slade T, South SC, Tackett JL, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Widiger TA, Wright AGC, Zimmerman M. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2017; 126:454-477. [DOI: 10.1037/abn0000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1221] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jordan P, Rescorla LA, Althoff RR, Achenbach TM. International Comparisons of the Youth Self-Report Dysregulation Profile: Latent Class Analyses in 34 Societies. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:1046-1053. [PMID: 27871639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used latent class analysis (LCA) to examine the prevalence and characteristics of the Dysregulation Profile (DP) based on data from the Youth Self-Report (YSR). The DP comprises elevated scores on the Anxious/Depressed, Attention Problems, and Aggressive Behavior syndromes and thus reflects significant problems in self-regulation of affect, attention, and behavior. METHOD We examined YSR data for 38,070 adolescents (48.1% male) in 34 societies. Participants ranged in age from 11 to 16 years. Researchers in 31 societies used translations of the YSR (not in Jamaica, Australia, or the United States). RESULTS The various statistical indices for good LCA model fit (entropy, bootstrapped parametric likelihood ratio test, adjusted Bayesian Information Criterion, and probability of correct assignment) were not always consistent but generally supported a DP class in every society. However, prevalence of the DP ranged from 1% to 26% and the T score syndrome profile for the DP class in many societies featured elevations on all scales. In every society, the DP class had significantly higher scores than the pooled non-DP classes on all 3 DP syndromes, with large d values. CONCLUSION Because model fit, the number of classes, and the prevalence of the DP class varied across societies, and because the DP "3-peak" profile was relatively uncommon, results for the DP based on adolescents' ratings in 34 societies must be considered as mixed.
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Achenbach TM. Future Directions for Clinical Research, Services, and Training: Evidence-Based Assessment Across Informants, Cultures, and Dimensional Hierarchies. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 2016; 46:159-169. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1220315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Rescorla LA, Turner LV, Althoff RR. Internalizing/Externalizing Problems: Review and Recommendations for Clinical and Research Applications. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:647-56. [PMID: 27453078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More than 75,000 articles have been published on internalizing and externalizing problems. To advance clinical and research applications of internalizing/externalizing concepts and data, our objectives were as follows: to provide an overview of recent research on internalizing/externalizing problems assessed at ages 1½ to 18 years; to identify issues raised by methods for assessing such problems; and to develop recommendations for more precise, consistent, informative, and productive assessment of such problems. METHOD A total of 4,870 peer-reviewed articles published from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2014 were systematically reviewed and identified by the search terms "internalizing" or "externalizing," followed by detailed coding of 693 articles that reported use of measures meeting criteria for methodologically sound assessment of internalizing/externalizing problems. RESULTS Many articles reported data based on measures that did not meet criteria for methodologically sound assessment of internalizing/externalizing problems. The 693 articles that used measures meeting criteria for methodological soundness and that qualified for detailed coding reported findings for 649,457 children living in 65 societies on all inhabited continents. Data were obtained from parents, teachers, children, clinicians, caregivers, and others. Samples included general population, clinical, school, at-risk, multicultural, welfare, and various ethnic/racial and socioeconomic groups. Many analytic methods were used to test associations of diverse variables with internalizing/externalizing problems. CONCLUSION The diverse procedures used to assess internalizing/externalizing problems pose challenges for clinical and research applications. To meet the challenges, recommendations are provided for using assessment instruments supported by published standardization, reliability, validity, and normative data to advance clinical services and research.
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Lambert MC, Knight FH, Taylor R, Achenbach TM. Comparisons of Behavioral and Emotional Problems among Children of Jamaica and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022196271006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Building on earlier research, which used a common standardized methodology, the present study compared behavior problems reported by teachers for 359 Jamaican and 665 U.S. children aged 6-11. Most of the significant nationality differences reflected higher scores for Jamaican than U.S. children, although none of the differences accounted for more than a small percentage of variance in scores. For those problems reported to be present, Jamaican teachers tended to score a larger proportion as very true or often true than did U.S. teachers. In conjunction with previous findings, this suggests that a larger proportion of Jamaican children find school exceptionally stressful. Gender differences in problem rates were similar to those found in several other cultures. Findings from this and other studies demonstrate considerable similarity in the problems reported by teachers across diverse cultures.
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Abstract
Discrepancies are often found between self-reports and reports by others regarding psychopathology. Both the person being assessed and various informants may contribute crucial data concerning a person's functioning. Comprehensive assessment requires data from multiple informants. Such data can be easily obtained with parallel self-report and collateral-report forms. The multi-informant data can be compared, aggregated, and used in many ways. Optimal use of multi-source data is essential for clinical assessment and for discovering causes and cures of psychopathology.
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Rescorla LA, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Turner LV, Althoff RR, Árnadóttir HA, Au A, Bellina M, Caldas JC, Chen YC, Csemy L, da Rocha MM, Decoster J, Fontaine JRJ, Funabiki Y, Guðmundsson HS, Harder VS, Kim YA, Leung P, Ndetei DM, Maraš JS, Marković J, Oh KJ, Samaniego VC, Sebre S, Silvares E, Simulioniene R, Sokoli E, Vazquez N, Zasepa E. Problems and Adaptive Functioning Reported by Adults in 17 Societies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1037/ipp0000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study tested for similarities and differences across societies in self-ratings of problems, personal strengths, and aspects of adaptive functioning on the Adult Self-Report (ASR) for nonclinical samples of adults ages 18 to 59 in 17 societies ( N = 10,197). Results indicated considerable consistency across societies regarding mean ratings on the ASR problem items. Most effect sizes (ESs) for societal differences in problem scales were small (2–5%). Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses indicated that culture clusters and society accounted for small percentages of variance in Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scores, with most of the variation accounted for by individual differences within societies. In contrast to the small effects of society on problem scores, for the ASR Personal Strengths scale the societal ES was 34% and culture cluster accounted for 12% of the variance. Worse reported relations with spouse/partner were associated with higher problem scores. Overall, findings indicated considerable similarity but also some important differences in self-reported problems and adaptive functioning across 17 societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Monica Bellina
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute
| | - J. C. Caldas
- Department of Social Sciences and Behavior, Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude-Norte
| | - Yi-Chuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University
| | | | - Marina M. da Rocha
- Developmental Disorders Program, Centre for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University
| | - Jeroen Decoster
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University
| | - Johnny R. J. Fontaine
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Jasminka Marković
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalia Vazquez
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
| | - Ewa Zasepa
- The Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education
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Rescorla LA, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Turner LV, Árnadóttir H, Au A, Caldas JC, Chen YC, Decoster J, Fontaine J, Funabiki Y, Guðmundsson HS, Leung P, Liu J, Maraš JS, Marković J, Oh KJ, da Rocha MM, Samaniego VC, Silvares E, Simulioniene R, Sokoli E, Vazquez N, Zasepa E. Collateral Reports and Cross-Informant Agreement about Adult Psychopathology in 14 Societies. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-016-9541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Achenbach TM. Transdiagnostic heterogeneity, hierarchical dimensional models, and societal, cultural, and individual differences in the developmental understanding of psychopathology. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:1419-22. [PMID: 26564021 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Achenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect St., Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
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Burt SA, Rescorla LA, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Almqvist F, Begovac I, Bilenberg N, Bird H, Chahed M, Dobrean A, Döpfner M, Erol N, Hannesdottir H, Kanbayashi Y, Lambert MC, Leung PW, Minaei A, Novik TS, Oh KJ, Petot D, Petot JM, Pomalima R, Rudan V, Sawyer M, Simsek Z, Steinhausen HC, Valverde J, van der Ende J, Weintraub S, Metzke CW, Wolanczyk T, Zhang EY, Zukauskiene R, Verhulst FC. The association between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial problems as measured with the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment: A study of 27,861 parent–adolescent dyads from 25 societies. Personality and Individual Differences 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Achenbach TM. The Child Behavior Profile: An Empirically Based System for Assessing Children’s Behavioral Problems and Competencies. International Journal of Mental Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.1978.11448806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Turner LV, Árnadóttir HA, Au A, Caldas JC, Chaalal N, Chen YC, da Rocha MM, Decoster J, Fontaine JR, Funabiki Y, Guðmundsson HS, Kim YA, Leung P, Liu J, Malykh S, Marković J, Oh KJ, Petot JM, Samaniego VC, Ferreira de Mattos Silvares E, Šimulionienė R, Šobot V, Sokoli E, Sun G, Talcott JB, Vázquez N, Zasępa E. Syndromes of collateral-reported psychopathology for ages 18-59 in 18 Societies. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2015; 15:18-28. [PMID: 29399019 PMCID: PMC5796537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to advance research and clinical methodology for assessing psychopathology by testing the international generalizability of an 8-syndrome model derived from collateral ratings of adult behavioral, emotional, social, and thought problems. Collateral informants rated 8,582 18-59-year-old residents of 18 societies on the Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL). Confirmatory factor analyses tested the fit of the 8-syndrome model to ratings from each society. The primary model fit index (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) showed good model fit for all societies, while secondary indices (Tucker Lewis Index, Comparative Fit Index) showed acceptable to good fit for 17 societies. Factor loadings were robust across societies and items. Of the 5,007 estimated parameters, 4 (0.08%) were outside the admissible parameter space, but 95% confidence intervals included the admissible space, indicating that the 4 deviant parameters could be due to sampling fluctuations. The findings are consistent with previous evidence for the generalizability of the 8-syndrome model in self-ratings from 29 societies, and support the 8-syndrome model for operationalizing phenotypes of adult psychopathology from multi-informant ratings in diverse societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alma Au
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergey Malykh
- Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ewa Zasępa
- The Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education, Poland
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Tumer LV, Ahmeti-Pronaj A, Au A, Maese CA, Bellina M, Caldas JC, Chen YC, Csemy L, da Rocha MM, Decoster J, Dobrean A, Ezpeleta L, Fontaine JRJ, Funabiki Y, Guðmundsson HS, Harder VS, de la Cabada ML, Leung P, Liu J, Mahr S, Malykh S, Maras JS, Markovic J, Ndetei DM, Oh KJ, Petot JM, Riad G, Sakarya D, Samaniego VC, Sebre S, Shahini M, Silvares E, Simulioniene R, Sokoli E, Talcott JB, Vazquez N, Zasepa E. Syndromes of Self-Reported Psychopathology for Ages 18-59 in 29 Societies. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2014; 37:171-183. [PMID: 29805197 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-014-9448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the multi-society generalizability of an eight-syndrome assessment model derived from factor analyses of American adults' self-ratings of 120 behavioral, emotional, and social problems. The Adult Self-Report (ASR; Achenbach and Rescorla 2003) was completed by 17,152 18-59-year-olds in 29 societies. Confirmatory factor analyses tested the fit of self-ratings in each sample to the eight-syndrome model. The primary model fit index (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) showed good model fit for all samples, while secondary indices showed acceptable to good fit. Only 5 (0.06%) of the 8,598 estimated parameters were outside the admissible parameter space. Confidence intervals indicated that sampling fluctuations could account for the deviant parameters. Results thus supported the tested model in societies differing widely in social, political, and economic systems, languages, ethnicities, religions, and geographical regions. Although other items, societies, and analytic methods might yield different results, the findings indicate that adults in very diverse societies were willing and able to rate themselves on the same standardized set of 120 problem items. Moreover, their self-ratings fit an eight-syndrome model previously derived from self-ratings by American adults. The support for the statistically derived syndrome model is consistent with previous findings for parent, teacher, and self-ratings of 1½-18-year-olds in many societies. The ASR and its parallel collateral-report instrument, the Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL), may offer mental health professionals practical tools for the multi-informant assessment of clinical constructs of adult psychopathology that appear to be meaningful across diverse societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Y Ivanova
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Leslie A Rescorla
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA,
| | - Lori V Tumer
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Adelina Ahmeti-Pronaj
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong, China,
| | - Carmen Avila Maese
- El Colegio de Chihuahua, Anillo envolvente del PRONAF y calle Partido Díaz, sin número, Colonia Progresista, 32300 Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico,
| | - Monica Bellina
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute, 7 Padiglione, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini, (Lecco), Italy 23842,
| | - J Carlos Caldas
- Departamento de Ciências Sociais e do Comportamento, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde - Norte, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal,
| | - Yi-Chuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102,
| | - Ladislav Csemy
- Prague Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory of Social Psychiatry, Ustavni 91, 181 03 Praha 8, Prague, Czech Republic,
| | - Marina M da Rocha
- Institute of Human Sciences, University Paulista (Unip), Rua Francisco Bautista, 300, São Paulo, Brazil 04182-020,
| | - Jeroen Decoster
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University, Henry Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Rupublicii st. 37, 400015 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lourdes Ezpeleta
- Departament de Psicologia Clinica i de la Salut, Edifici B, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain 08193,
| | - Johnny R J Fontaine
- Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology, Ghent University, Henry Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasuko Funabiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan 606-8507
| | - Halldór S Guðmundsson
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Iceland, Gimli v., Saemundargata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland,
| | - Valerie S Harder
- University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Marie Leiner de la Cabada
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Center, P. O. Box 43091, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA,
| | - Patrick Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 356, Sino Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 418, Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096, USA,
| | - Safia Mahr
- Departement de Psychologie, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, Batiment C, 3e Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200 Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre, France 92001
| | - Sergey Malykh
- Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Mokhovaya str., 9/4, Moscow, Russia 125009,
| | | | - Jasminka Markovic
- Medical Faculty Novi Sad, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 1, Novi Sad, Serbia 21000,
| | - David M Ndetei
- Africa Mental Health Foundation, P.O. Box 48423-00100, Nairobi, Kenya,
| | - Kyung Ja Oh
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Soedaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea 120-749,
| | - Jean-Michel Petot
- Departement de Psychologie, Laboratoire EVACLIPSY, Université, de Paris Ouest, Batiment C, 3 Etage, Salles C.319 & C.321, 200, Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre, France 92001,
| | | | - Direnc Sakarya
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey,
| | | | - Sandra Sebre
- Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Jurmalas Avenue, 74/76, Riga, Latvia 1083,
| | - Mimoza Shahini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of Kosova, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Edwiges Silvares
- Instituto de Psicologia, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-030,
| | - Roma Simulioniene
- Department of Psychology, Klaipeda University, Herkaus Manto, str. 84, Klaipeda, Lithuania 92294,
| | - Elvisa Sokoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania,
| | - Joel B Talcott
- Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK B4 7ET,
| | - Natalia Vazquez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
| | - Ewa Zasepa
- The Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education, Room, 3609, Szczesliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland,
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Rescorla LA, Bochicchio L, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Almqvist F, Begovac I, Bilenberg N, Bird H, Dobrean A, Erol N, Fombonne E, Fonseca A, Frigerio A, Fung DSS, Lambert MC, Leung PWL, Liu X, Marković I, Markovic J, Minaei A, Ooi YP, Roussos A, Rudan V, Simsek Z, van der Ende J, Weintraub S, Wolanczyk T, Woo B, Weiss B, Weisz J, Zukauskiene R, Verhulst FC. Parent–Teacher Agreement on Children's Problems in 21 Societies. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 2014; 43:627-42. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2014.900719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bordin IA, Rocha MM, Paula CS, Teixeira MCTV, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Silvares EFM. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL),Youth Self-Report (YSR) and Teacher's Report Form(TRF): an overview of the development of the original and Brazilian versions. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2013; 29:13-28. [PMID: 23370021 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2013000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) for school-age children includes three instruments for assessing emotional and/or behavioral problems: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), completed by parents, Youth Self-Report (YSR), completed by adolescents and Teacher's Report Form (TRF), completed by teachers. This review article gives detailed information on the development of these forms in the United States and Brazil, describing the main changes to the items, scales and score cut-off points in original versions between 1991 and 2001, as well as the process involved in the translation, back-translation and cultural adaptation of the original questionnaires to develop the current official Brazilian versions of the CBCL, YSR and TRF. The utility of these tools for research and clinical practice is highlighted, mentioning epidemiological studies and evaluation of interventions conducted in Brazil. Researchers' and clinicians' doubts regarding the correct use of the current official Brazilian versions are answered, giving examples of frequently asked questions relevant to the Brazilian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Bordin
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil.
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Milgrom J, Newnham C, Martin PR, Anderson PJ, Doyle LW, Hunt RW, Achenbach TM, Ferretti C, Holt CJ, Inder TE, Gemmill AW. Early communication in preterm infants following intervention in the NICU. Early Hum Dev 2013; 89:755-62. [PMID: 23827378 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite ongoing improvements in clinical care, preterm infants experience a variety of stressors in the first weeks of life, including necessary medical procedures, which may affect development. Some stress-reduction programmes based in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) have reported a positive impact on development. In particular, trials of the Mother-Infant Transaction Program (MITP) have shown positive short and longer term effects, and are based on training parents to recognise and minimise stress responses in preterm infants. AIMS To evaluate the impact on early developmental milestones of an enhanced MITP (PremieStart) delivered over an extended period in the NICU. STUDY DESIGN This was a parallel 2-group randomised controlled trial involving 109 women with 123 infants born at <30weeks gestation assessed initially at term-equivalent age and then at 6 months' corrected-age. RESULTS Intervention mothers were more sensitive in providing infant care, stressed their infants less, showed greater awareness of, and responded more appropriately to, negative infant cues (p < 0.05 in each case). Intervention infants displayed significantly lower stress when being bathed by mothers at term-equivalent age (p < 0.05). At 6 months corrected-age, intervention infants showed higher mean scores on the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist. The strongest effects appeared in Symbolic behaviour (p = 0.05) and this was reflected in the Total score (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As significant cognitive and language deficits are reported in longitudinal studies of preterm children, an intervention that improves early infant communication abilities is promising, especially since previous research suggests that the strongest benefits may emerge at later ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Milgrom
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3081, Australia.
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Rescorla LA, Ginzburg S, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Almqvist F, Begovac I, Bilenberg N, Bird H, Chahed M, Dobrean A, Döpfner M, Erol N, Hannesdottir H, Kanbayashi Y, Lambert MC, Leung PWL, Minaei A, Novik TS, Oh KJ, Petot D, Petot JM, Pomalima R, Rudan V, Sawyer M, Simsek Z, Steinhausen HC, Valverde J, Ende JVD, Weintraub S, Metzke CW, Wolanczyk T, Zhang EY, Zukauskiene R, Verhulst FC. Cross-Informant Agreement Between Parent-Reported and Adolescent Self-Reported Problems in 25 Societies. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 2013; 42:262-73. [PMID: 23009025 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2012.717870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rescorla L, Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Begovac I, Chahed M, Drugli MB, Emerich DR, Fung DSS, Haider M, Hansson K, Hewitt N, Jaimes S, Larsson B, Maggiolini A, Marković J, Mitrović D, Moreira P, Oliveira JT, Olsson M, Ooi YP, Petot D, Pisa C, Pomalima R, da Rocha MM, Rudan V, Sekulić S, Shahini M, de Mattos Silvares EF, Szirovicza L, Valverde J, Vera LA, Villa MC, Viola L, Woo BSC, Zhang EY. International epidemiology of child and adolescent psychopathology ii: integration and applications of dimensional findings from 44 societies. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012. [PMID: 23200284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To build on Achenbach, Rescorla, and Ivanova (2012) by (a) reporting new international findings for parent, teacher, and self-ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report, and Teacher's Report Form; (b) testing the fit of syndrome models to new data from 17 societies, including previously underrepresented regions; (c) testing effects of society, gender, and age in 44 societies by integrating new and previous data; (d) testing cross-society correlations between mean item ratings; (e) describing the construction of multisociety norms; (f) illustrating clinical applications. METHOD Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of parent, teacher, and self-ratings, performed separately for each society; tests of societal, gender, and age effects on dimensional syndrome scales, DSM-oriented scales, Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scales; tests of agreement between low, medium, and high ratings of problem items across societies. RESULTS CFAs supported the tested syndrome models in all societies according to the primary fit index (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA]), but less consistently according to other indices; effect sizes were small-to-medium for societal differences in scale scores, but very small for gender, age, and interactions with society; items received similarly low, medium, or high ratings in different societies; problem scores from 44 societies fit three sets of multisociety norms. CONCLUSIONS Statistically derived syndrome models fit parent, teacher, and self-ratings when tested individually in all 44 societies according to RMSEAs (but less consistently according to other indices). Small to medium differences in scale scores among societies supported the use of low-, medium-, and high-scoring norms in clinical assessment of individual children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Rescorla
- Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA.
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Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Ivanova MY. International epidemiology of child and adolescent psychopathology I: diagnoses, dimensions, and conceptual issues. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012. [PMID: 23200283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review international findings on the prevalence of diagnosed disorders, generalizability of dimensional scales, and distributions of dimensional scores for school-age children and to address the conceptual and clinical issues raised by the findings. METHOD A review of findings for interviews (Development and Well-Being Assessment, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children) and dimensional rating instruments (Conners Rating Scales, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ]) that have been used to assess general population samples of at least 300 children in at least five societies. RESULTS Prevalence estimates for diagnosed disorders varied greatly, owing at least in part to methodologic variations. A Goodman five-dimension model for the SDQ received some support, whereas a three-dimension internalizing-externalizing-prosocial model for the SDQ was supported for epidemiologic studies. The SDQ total difficulties scores varied less than the prevalence estimates for diagnoses, but population-specific norms may be needed. CONCLUSIONS Numerous studies have shown the feasibility of assessing children in diverse societies with diagnostic interviews and dimensional ratings. However, the findings disclose challenges to be met to help clinicians take account of the similarities and differences found for psychopathology in different societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Achenbach
- Psychology, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
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Ang RP, Rescorla LA, Achenbach TM, Ooi YP, Fung DSS, Woo B. Examining the criterion validity of CBCL and TRF problem scales and items in a large Singapore sample. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2012; 43:70-86. [PMID: 21901541 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-011-0253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the criterion validity of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF) problem scales and items in demographically-matched Singapore samples of referred and non-referred children (840 in each sample for the CBCL and 447 in each sample for the TRF). Internal consistency estimates for both the CBCL and TRF scales were good. Almost all CBCL and TRF problem scales and items significantly discriminated between referred and non-referred children, with referred children scoring higher, as expected. The largest referral status effects were on attention problems scales and their associated items, with the TRF having larger effects than the CBCL. Effect sizes for demographic variables such as age, gender, ethnicity and SES were much smaller than effect sizes for referral status, across both the CBCL and TRF forms and at both the scale and item levels. These findings suggest that teachers can be effective partners in identifying children who need mental health services and those who do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca P Ang
- Division of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Rescorla LA, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Bilenberg N, Bjarnadottir G, Denner S, Dias P, Dobrean A, Döpfner M, Frigerio A, Gonçalves M, Guđmundsson H, Jusiene R, Kristensen S, Lecannelier F, Leung PWL, Liu J, Löbel SP, Machado BC, Markovic J, Mas PA, Esmaeili EM, Montirosso R, Plück J, Pronaj AA, Rodriguez JT, Rojas PO, Schmeck K, Shahini M, Silva JR, van der Ende J, Verhulst FC. Behavioral/Emotional Problems of Preschoolers: Caregiver/Teacher Reports From 15 Societies. J Emot Behav Disord 2012; 20:68-81. [PMID: 29416292 PMCID: PMC5798642 DOI: 10.1177/1063426611434158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study tested societal effects on caregiver/teacher ratings of behavioral/emotional problems for 10,521 preschoolers from 15 societies. Many societies had problem scale scores within a relatively narrow range, despite differences in language, culture, and other characteristics. The small age and gender effects were quite similar across societies. The rank orders of mean item ratings were similar across diverse societies. For 7,380 children from 13 societies, ratings were also obtained from a parent. In all 13 societies, mean Total Problems scores derived from parent ratings were significantly higher than mean Total Problems scores derived from caregiver/teacher ratings, although the size of the difference varied somewhat across societies. Mean cross-informant agreement for problem scale scores varied across societies. Societies were very similar with respect to which problem items, on average, received high versus low ratings from parents and caregivers/teachers. Within every society, cross-informant agreement for item ratings varied widely across children. In most respects, results were quite similar across 15 very diverse societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Rescorla
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Masha Y Ivanova
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Gudrun Bjarnadottir
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Silvia Denner
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Pedro Dias
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Anca Dobrean
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Alessandra Frigerio
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Miguel Gonçalves
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Halldór Guđmundsson
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Roma Jusiene
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Solvejg Kristensen
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Felipe Lecannelier
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Patrick W L Leung
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Sofia P Löbel
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Bárbara César Machado
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Jasminka Markovic
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Paola A Mas
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Rosario Montirosso
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Julia Plück
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Jorge T Rodriguez
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Pamela O Rojas
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Mimoza Shahini
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Jaime R Silva
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Jan van der Ende
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Leslie A. Rescorla, PhD (Bryn Mawr College); Thomas M. Achenbach, PhD, and Masha Y. Ivanova, PhD (University of Vermont); Niels Bilenberg, MD, PhD, Solvejg Kristensen, MHSc (University of Southern Denmark); Gudrun Bjarnadottir, PhD (Glaesibaer & Arbaer Health Clinics, Iceland); Silvia Denner, PhD (Dortmund University, Germany); Pedro Dias, PhD, and Bárbara César Machado, PhD (Catholic University of Portugal); Anca Dobrean, PhD (Babes-Bolyai University, Romania); Manfred Döpfner, PhD, and Julia Plück, PhD (University of Cologne, Germany); Alessandra Frigerio, PhD, and Rosario Montirosso, MSc (Scientific Institute "E. Medea," Bosisio Parini [LC], Italy); Miguel Gonçalves, PhD (University of Minho, Portugal); Halldór Guđmundsson, MA (University of Iceland); Roma Jusiene, PhD (Vilnius University, Lithuania); Felipe Lecannelier, MA, Sofia P. Löbel, Paola A. Mas, Jorge T. Rodriguez, and Pamela O. Rojas (University of Desarrollo, Chile); Patrick W. L. Leung, PhD (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Jianghong Liu, PhD (University of Pennsylvania); Jasminka Markovic (Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Serbia); Elaheh Mohammad Esmaeili, PhD (Tehran Research Institute for Education, Iran); Adelina Ahmeti Pronaj and Mimoza Shahini, MD (University Clinical Center of Kosovo); Klaus Schmeck (Psychiatric University Hospitals-Basel, Switzerland); Jaime R. Silva, PhD (Universidad de la Frontera, Chile); Jan van der Ende, MA, and Frank C. Verhulst, MD, PhD (Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands)
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Rescorla LA, Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Harder VS, Otten L, Bilenberg N, Bjarnadottir G, Capron C, De Pauw SSW, Dias P, Dobrean A, Döpfner M, Duyme M, Eapen V, Erol N, Esmaeili EM, Ezpeleta L, Frigerio A, Fung DSS, Gonçalves M, Guðmundsson H, Jeng SF, Jusiené R, Ah Kim Y, Kristensen S, Liu J, Lecannelier F, Leung PWL, Machado BC, Montirosso R, Ja Oh K, Ooi YP, Plück J, Pomalima R, Pranvera J, Schmeck K, Shahini M, Silva JR, Simsek Z, Sourander A, Valverde J, van der Ende J, Van Leeuwen KG, Wu YT, Yurdusen S, Zubrick SR, Verhulst FC. International comparisons of behavioral and emotional problems in preschool children: parents' reports from 24 societies. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2011; 40:456-67. [PMID: 21534056 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2011.563472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
International comparisons were conducted of preschool children's behavioral and emotional problems as reported on the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½-5 by parents in 24 societies (N = 19,850). Item ratings were aggregated into scores on syndromes; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-oriented scales; a Stress Problems scale; and Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scales. Effect sizes for scale score differences among the 24 societies ranged from small to medium (3-12%). Although societies differed greatly in language, culture, and other characteristics, Total Problems scores for 18 of the 24 societies were within 7.1 points of the omnicultural mean of 33.3 (on a scale of 0-198). Gender and age differences, as well as gender and age interactions with society, were all very small (effect sizes < 1%). Across all pairs of societies, correlations between mean item ratings averaged .78, and correlations between internal consistency alphas for the scales averaged .92, indicating that the rank orders of mean item ratings and internal consistencies of scales were very similar across diverse societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Rescorla
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA.
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van Oort FVA, van der Ende J, Wadsworth ME, Verhulst FC, Achenbach TM. Cross-national comparison of the link between socioeconomic status and emotional and behavioral problems in youths. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2011; 46:167-72. [PMID: 20165830 PMCID: PMC3034891 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-010-0191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In previous longitudinal studies in the US, lower socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with more emotional and behavioral problems. It remains unclear whether these findings can be generalized outside the US, as different countries vary in their health care systems and prevention of psychopathology in youth. Therefore, we studied the same associations in a comparable sample in The Netherlands and directly tested for differences between the US and The Netherlands. METHODS The US (N=833) and Dutch (N=708) population samples were followed-up for 9 years. Age at baseline ranged from 8 to 16 years. Parents filled out behavior checklists. RESULTS Analyses revealed very few differences between the two countries. In both countries, SES predicted syndrome scores and cumulative prevalence rates for internalizing and externalizing problems (withdrawn and aggressive behavior) and for thought and attention Problems. The SES gradient in syndrome scores was stable over time. Only for withdrawn behavior, the gradient was larger in young adulthood. CONCLUSION Although the health care systems differ between the US and The Netherlands, the socioeconomic disparities in emotional and behavioral problems were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor V A van Oort
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Achenbach TM. Commentary: Definitely More Than Measurement Error: But How Should We Understand and Deal With Informant Discrepancies? Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 2011; 40:80-6. [PMID: 21229445 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2011.533416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Harder VS, Ang RP, Bilenberg N, Bjarnadottir G, Capron C, De Pauw SSW, Dias P, Dobrean A, Doepfner M, Duyme M, Eapen V, Erol N, Esmaeili EM, Ezpeleta L, Frigerio A, Gonçalves MM, Gudmundsson HS, Jeng SF, Jetishi P, Jusiene R, Kim YA, Kristensen S, Lecannelier F, Leung PWL, Liu J, Montirosso R, Oh KJ, Plueck J, Pomalima R, Shahini M, Silva JR, Simsek Z, Sourander A, Valverde J, Van Leeuwen KG, Woo BSC, Wu YT, Zubrick SR, Verhulst FC. Preschool psychopathology reported by parents in 23 societies: testing the seven-syndrome model of the child behavior checklist for ages 1.5-5. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010; 49:1215-24. [PMID: 21093771 PMCID: PMC4247330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the fit of a seven-syndrome model to ratings of preschoolers' problems by parents in very diverse societies. METHOD Parents of 19,106 children 18 to 71 months of age from 23 societies in Asia, Australasia, Europe, the Middle East, and South America completed the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5). Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the seven-syndrome model separately for each society. RESULTS The primary model fit index, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), indicated acceptable to good fit for each society. Although a six-syndrome model combining the Emotionally Reactive and Anxious/Depressed syndromes also fit the data for nine societies, it fit less well than the seven-syndrome model for seven of the nine societies. Other fit indices yielded less consistent results than the RMSEA. CONCLUSIONS The seven-syndrome model provides one way to capture patterns of children's problems that are manifested in ratings by parents from many societies. Clinicians working with preschoolers from these societies can thus assess and describe parents' ratings of behavioral, emotional, and social problems in terms of the seven syndromes. The results illustrate possibilities for culture-general taxonomic constructs of preschool psychopathology. Problems not captured by the CBCL/1.5-5 may form additional syndromes, and other syndrome models may also fit the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Y Ivanova
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and Families, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
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