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Márton CD, Fukushima M, Camalier CR, Schultz SR, Averbeck BB. Signature Patterns for Top-Down and Bottom-Up Information Processing via Cross-Frequency Coupling in Macaque Auditory Cortex. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0467-18.2019. [PMID: 31088914 PMCID: PMC6520641 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0467-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive coding is a theoretical framework that provides a functional interpretation of top-down and bottom-up interactions in sensory processing. The theory suggests there are differences in message passing up versus down the cortical hierarchy. These differences result from the linear feedforward of prediction errors, and the nonlinear feedback of predictions. This implies that cross-frequency interactions should predominate top-down. But it remains unknown whether these differences are expressed in cross-frequency interactions in the brain. Here we examined bidirectional cross-frequency coupling across four sectors of the auditory hierarchy in the macaque. We computed two measures of cross-frequency coupling, phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) and amplitude-amplitude coupling (AAC). Our findings revealed distinct patterns for bottom-up and top-down information processing among cross-frequency interactions. Both top-down and bottom-up interactions made prominent use of low frequencies: low-to-low-frequency (theta, alpha, beta) and low-frequency-to-high- gamma couplings were predominant top-down, while low-frequency-to-low-gamma couplings were predominant bottom-up. These patterns were largely preserved across coupling types (PAC and AAC) and across stimulus types (natural and synthetic auditory stimuli), suggesting that they are a general feature of information processing in auditory cortex. Our findings suggest the modulatory effect of low frequencies on gamma-rhythms in distant regions is important for bidirectional information transfer. The finding of low-frequency-to-low-gamma interactions in the bottom-up direction suggest that nonlinearities may also play a role in feedforward message passing. Altogether, the patterns of cross-frequency interaction we observed across the auditory hierarchy are largely consistent with the predictive coding framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Márton
- Centre for Neurotechnology, and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Section on Learning and Decision Making, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Makoto Fukushima
- Section on Learning and Decision Making, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0106, Japan
- Consumer Neuroscience, The Nielsen Company, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | - Corrie R Camalier
- Section on Learning and Decision Making, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Simon R Schultz
- Centre for Neurotechnology, and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno B Averbeck
- Section on Learning and Decision Making, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Camalier CR, Scarim K, Mishkin M, Averbeck BB. A Comparison of Auditory Oddball Responses in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Basolateral Amygdala, and Auditory Cortex of Macaque. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1054-1064. [PMID: 30883292 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an ERP component seen in response to unexpected "novel" stimuli, such as in an auditory oddball task. The MMN is of wide interest and application, but the neural responses that generate it are poorly understood. This is in part due to differences in design and focus between animal and human oddball paradigms. For example, one of the main explanatory models, the "predictive error hypothesis", posits differences in timing and selectivity between signals carried in auditory and prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, these predictions have not been fully tested because (1) noninvasive techniques used in humans lack the combined spatial and temporal precision necessary for these comparisons and (2) single-neuron studies in animal models, which combine necessary spatial and temporal precision, have not focused on higher order contributions to novelty signals. In addition, accounts of the MMN traditionally do not address contributions from subcortical areas known to be involved in novelty detection, such as the amygdala. To better constrain hypotheses and to address methodological gaps between human and animal studies, we recorded single neuron activity from the auditory cortex, dorsolateral PFC, and basolateral amygdala of two macaque monkeys during an auditory oddball paradigm modeled after that used in humans. Consistent with predictions of the predictive error hypothesis, novelty signals in PFC were generally later than in auditory cortex and were abstracted from stimulus-specific effects seen in auditory cortex. However, we found signals in amygdala that were comparable in magnitude and timing to those in PFC, and both prefrontal and amygdala signals were generally much weaker than those in auditory cortex. These observations place useful quantitative constraints on putative generators of the auditory oddball-based MMN and additionally indicate that there are subcortical areas, such as the amygdala, that may be involved in novelty detection in an auditory oddball paradigm.
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Camalier CR, McHugo M, Zald DH, Neimat JS. The Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy on Fear-Related Capture of Attention in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor: A Comparison to Healthy Individuals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 6. [PMID: 29657957 PMCID: PMC5897106 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6895.1000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In addition to motor symptoms, Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves significant non-motor sequelae, including disruptions in cognitive and emotional processing. Fear recognition appears to be affected both by the course of the disease and by a common interventional therapy, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS). Here, we examined if these effects extend to other aspects of emotional processing, such as attentional capture by negative emotional stimuli. Performance on an emotional attentional blink (EAB) paradigm, a common paradigm used to study emotional capture of attention, was examined in a cohort of individuals with PD, both on and off STN-DBS therapy (n=20). To contrast effects of healthy aging and other movement disorder and DBS targets, we also examined performance in a healthy elderly (n=20) and young (n=18) sample on the same task, and a sample diagnosed with Essential Tremor (ET) undergoing therapeutic deep brain stimulation of the ventral-intermediate nucleus (VIM-DBS, n=18). All four groups showed a robust attentional capture of emotional stimuli, irrespective of aging processes, movement disorder diagnosis, or stimulation. PD patients on average had overall worse performance, but this decrement in performance was not related to the emotional capture of attention. PD patients exhibited a robust EAB, indicating that the ability of emotion to direct attention remains intact in PD. Congruent with other recent data, these findings suggest that fear recognition deficits in PD may instead reflect a highly specific problem in recognition, rather than a general deficit in emotional processing of fearful stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrie R Camalier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Camalier CR, Wang AY, McIntosh LG, Park S, Neimat JS. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation affects distractor interference in auditory working memory. Neuropsychologia 2017; 97:66-71. [PMID: 28174049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Computational and theoretical accounts hypothesize the basal ganglia play a supramodal "gating" role in the maintenance of working memory representations, especially in preservation from distractor interference. There are currently two major limitations to this account. The first is that supporting experiments have focused exclusively on the visuospatial domain, leaving questions as to whether such "gating" is domain-specific. The second is that current evidence relies on correlational measures, as it is extremely difficult to causally and reversibly manipulate subcortical structures in humans. To address these shortcomings, we examined non-spatial, auditory working memory performance during reversible modulation of the basal ganglia, an approach afforded by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. We found that subthalamic nucleus stimulation impaired auditory working memory performance, specifically in the group tested in the presence of distractors, even though the distractors were predictable and completely irrelevant to the encoding of the task stimuli. This study provides key causal evidence that the basal ganglia act as a supramodal filter in working memory processes, further adding to our growing understanding of their role in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrie R Camalier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Alice Y Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Mathews L, Camalier CR, Kla KM, Mitchell MD, Konrad PE, Neimat JS, Smithson KG. The Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Microelectrode Recordings of the Subthalamic Nucleus during Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2017; 95:40-48. [PMID: 28132061 DOI: 10.1159/000453326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placement of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes can be facilitated by intraoperative microelectrode recording (MER) of the STN. OBJECTIVES Optimal anesthetic management during surgery remains unclear because of a lack of quantitative data of the effect of anesthetics on MER. Therefore, we measured the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on MER measures of the STN commonly taken intraoperatively. METHODS MER from 45 patients was retrospectively compared between patients treated with remifentanil (REMI) alone or both REMI and DEX, which are the 2 main standards of care at our center. The measures examined were population activity, such as root mean square, STN length, and number of passes yielding STN, and the single-neuron measures of firing rate and variability. RESULTS The addition of DEX does not affect population measures (number of passes: DEX+REMI, n = 68, REMI only, n = 154), or neuronal firing rates (number of neurons: DEX+REMI, n = 64, REMI only, n = 72), but firing rate variability was reduced. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, population-based measures routinely used for electrode placement in the STN were unaffected by DEX when added to REMI. Neuronal firing rates were also unaffected, but their variability was reduced, even beyond 20 min after cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letha Mathews
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Bick SKB, Folley BS, Mayer JS, Park S, Charles PD, Camalier CR, Pallavaram S, Konrad PE, Neimat JS. Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Alters Prefrontal Correlates of Emotion Induction. Neuromodulation 2016; 20:233-237. [PMID: 27730703 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson's disease. STN DBS may also affect emotion, possibly by impacting a parallel limbic cortico-striatal circuit. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in prefrontal cortical activity related to DBS during an emotion induction task. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used near infrared spectroscopy to monitor prefrontal cortex hemodynamic changes during an emotion induction task. Seven DBS patients were tested sequentially in the stimulation-on and stimulation-off states while on dopaminergic medication. Patients watched a series of positive, negative, and neutral videos. The general linear model was used to compare prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin concentration between DBS states. RESULTS Deep brain stimulation was correlated with prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin changes relative to the stimulation off state in response to both positive and negative videos. These changes were specific to emotional stimuli and were not seen during neutral stimuli. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that STN stimulation influences the prefrontal cortical representation of positive and negative emotion induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K B Bick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley S Folley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Norton Neuroscience Institute, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jutta S Mayer
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P David Charles
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Corrie R Camalier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Srivatsan Pallavaram
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter E Konrad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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McIntosh LG, Mannava S, Camalier CR, Folley BS, Albritton A, Konrad PE, Charles D, Park S, Neimat JS. Emotion recognition in early Parkinson's disease patients undergoing deep brain stimulation or dopaminergic therapy: a comparison to healthy participants. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 6:349. [PMID: 25653616 PMCID: PMC4301000 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is traditionally regarded as a neurodegenerative movement disorder, however, nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration is also thought to disrupt non-motor loops connecting basal ganglia to areas in frontal cortex involved in cognition and emotion processing. PD patients are impaired on tests of emotion recognition, but it is difficult to disentangle this deficit from the more general cognitive dysfunction that frequently accompanies disease progression. Testing for emotion recognition deficits early in the disease course, prior to cognitive decline, better assesses the sensitivity of these non-motor corticobasal ganglia-thalamocortical loops involved in emotion processing to early degenerative change in basal ganglia circuits. In addition, contrasting this with a group of healthy aging individuals demonstrates changes in emotion processing specific to the degeneration of basal ganglia circuitry in PD. Early PD patients (EPD) were recruited from a randomized clinical trial testing the safety and tolerability of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) in early-staged PD. EPD patients were previously randomized to receive optimal drug therapy only (ODT), or drug therapy plus STN-DBS (ODT + DBS). Matched healthy elderly controls (HEC) and young controls (HYC) also participated in this study. Participants completed two control tasks and three emotion recognition tests that varied in stimulus domain. EPD patients were impaired on all emotion recognition tasks compared to HEC. Neither therapy type (ODT or ODT + DBS) nor therapy state (ON/OFF) altered emotion recognition performance in this study. Finally, HEC were impaired on vocal emotion recognition relative to HYC, suggesting a decline related to healthy aging. This study supports the existence of impaired emotion recognition early in the PD course, implicating an early disruption of fronto-striatal loops mediating emotional function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey G McIntosh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA ; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sishir Mannava
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Corrie R Camalier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Aaron Albritton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter E Konrad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Charles
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
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Hackett TA, de la Mothe LA, Camalier CR, Falchier A, Lakatos P, Kajikawa Y, Schroeder CE. Feedforward and feedback projections of caudal belt and parabelt areas of auditory cortex: refining the hierarchical model. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:72. [PMID: 24795550 PMCID: PMC4001064 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our working model of the primate auditory cortex recognizes three major regions (core, belt, parabelt), subdivided into thirteen areas. The connections between areas are topographically ordered in a manner consistent with information flow along two major anatomical axes: core-belt-parabelt and caudal-rostral. Remarkably, most of the connections supporting this model were revealed using retrograde tracing techniques. Little is known about laminar circuitry, as anterograde tracing of axon terminations has rarely been used. The purpose of the present study was to examine the laminar projections of three areas of auditory cortex, pursuant to analysis of all areas. The selected areas were: middle lateral belt (ML); caudomedial belt (CM); and caudal parabelt (CPB). Injections of anterograde tracers yielded data consistent with major features of our model, and also new findings that compel modifications. Results supporting the model were: (1) feedforward projection from ML and CM terminated in CPB; (2) feedforward projections from ML and CPB terminated in rostral areas of the belt and parabelt; and (3) feedback projections typified inputs to the core region from belt and parabelt. At odds with the model was the convergence of feedforward inputs into rostral medial belt from ML and CPB. This was unexpected since CPB is at a higher stage of the processing hierarchy, with mainly feedback projections to all other belt areas. Lastly, extending the model, feedforward projections from CM, ML, and CPB overlapped in the temporal parietal occipital area (TPO) in the superior temporal sulcus, indicating significant auditory influence on sensory processing in this region. The combined results refine our working model and highlight the need to complete studies of the laminar inputs to all areas of auditory cortex. Their documentation is essential for developing informed hypotheses about the neurophysiological influences of inputs to each layer and area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy A Hackett
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Corrie R Camalier
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA ; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institutes of Mental Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arnaud Falchier
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute Orangeburg, NY, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Lakatos
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute Orangeburg, NY, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoshinao Kajikawa
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute Orangeburg, NY, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles E Schroeder
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program, Nathan Kline Institute Orangeburg, NY, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY, USA
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Camalier CR, Konrad PE, Gill CE, Kao C, Remple MR, Nasr HM, Davis TL, Hedera P, Phibbs FT, Molinari AL, Neimat JS, Charles D. Methods for Surgical Targeting of the STN in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2014; 5:25. [PMID: 24678307 PMCID: PMC3958735 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience progressive neurological decline, and future interventional therapies are thought to show most promise in early stages of the disease. There is much interest in therapies that target the subthalamic nucleus (STN) with surgical access. While locating STN in advanced disease patients (Hoehn-Yahr Stage III or IV) is well understood and routinely performed at many centers in the context of deep brain stimulation surgery, the ability to identify this nucleus in early-stage patients has not previously been explored in a sizeable cohort. We report surgical methods used to target the STN in 15 patients with early PD (Hoehn-Yahr Stage II), using a combination of image guided surgery, microelectrode recordings, and clinical responses to macrostimulation of the region surrounding the STN. Measures of electrophysiology (firing rates and root mean squared activity) have previously been found to be lower than in later-stage patients, however, the patterns of electrophysiology seen and dopamimetic macrostimulation effects are qualitatively similar to those seen in advanced stages. Our experience with surgical implantation of Parkinson's patients with minimal motor symptoms suggest that it remains possible to accurately target the STN in early-stage PD using traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrie R Camalier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Peter E Konrad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Chandler E Gill
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Chris Kao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Michael R Remple
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Hana M Nasr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Thomas L Davis
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Fenna T Phibbs
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Anna L Molinari
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
| | - David Charles
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , USA
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Camalier CR, Grantham DW, Bernstein LR. Binaural interference: effects of temporal interferer fringe and interstimulus interval. J Acoust Soc Am 2014; 135:789-795. [PMID: 25234887 DOI: 10.1121/1.4861351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Binaural interference refers to the phenomenon in which the potency of binaural cues conveyed by a "target" stimulus occupying one spectral region is degraded by the presence of an "interferer" stimulus occupying a spectral region remote from the target. It is typified by conditions in which thresholds for detection of interaural temporal difference conveyed by a high-frequency target are elevated when the target is accompanied by a spectrally remote low-frequency interferer. This study explored effects of temporal relations between targets and interferers on binaural interference. In the first experiment, duration by which the interferer preceded and/or trailed the target (onset and offset "fringes") was varied. Results indicated binaural interference decreased with total duration of the temporal fringe, but did not depend on whether that duration was composed of onset, offset, or onset + offset fringes. In the second experiment, binaural interference was measured as a function of the interstimulus interval (ISI) between the two presentations of the target. Results indicated that shorter ISIs increased thresholds in both the interferer and no-interferer conditions, but did not affect binaural interference. These results suggest that the mechanisms underlying the effects of manipulations of the interferer temporal fringe and manipulation of the ISI are essentially independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrie R Camalier
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - D Wesley Grantham
- Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Leslie R Bernstein
- Departments of Neuroscience and Surgery (Otolaryngology), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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Kajikawa Y, Camalier CR, de la Mothe LA, D'Angelo WR, Sterbing-D'Angelo SJ, Hackett TA. Auditory cortical tuning to band-pass noise in primate A1 and CM: a comparison to pure tones. Neurosci Res 2011; 70:401-7. [PMID: 21540062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined multiunit responses to tones and to 1/3 and 2/3 octave band-pass noise (BPN) in the marmoset primary auditory cortex (A1) and the caudomedial belt (CM). In both areas, BPN was more effective than tones, evoking multiunit responses at lower intensity and across a wider frequency range. Typically, the best responses to BPN remained at the characteristic frequency. Additionally, in both areas responses to BPN tended to be of greater magnitude and shorter latency than responses to tones. These effects are consistent with the integration of more excitatory inputs driven by BPN than by tones. While it is generally thought that single units in A1 prefer narrow band sounds such as tones, we found that best responses for multi units in both A1 and CM were obtained with noises of narrow spectral bandwidths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Kajikawa
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
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Kajikawa Y, de la Mothe LA, Blumell S, Sterbing-D'Angelo SJ, D'Angelo W, Camalier CR, Hackett TA. Coding of FM sweep trains and twitter calls in area CM of marmoset auditory cortex. Hear Res 2008; 239:107-25. [PMID: 18342463 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The primate auditory cortex contains three interconnected regions (core, belt, parabelt), which are further subdivided into discrete areas. The caudomedial area (CM) is one of about seven areas in the belt region that has been the subject of recent anatomical and physiological studies conducted to define the functional organization of auditory cortex. The main goal of the present study was to examine temporal coding in area CM of marmoset monkeys using two related classes of acoustic stimuli: (1) marmoset twitter calls; and (2) frequency-modulated (FM) sweep trains modeled after the twitter call. The FM sweep trains were presented at repetition rates between 1 and 24 Hz, overlapping the natural phrase frequency of the twitter call (6-8 Hz). Multiunit recordings in CM revealed robust phase-locked responses to twitter calls and FM sweep trains. For the latter, phase-locking quantified by vector strength (VS) was best at repetition rates between 2 and 8 Hz, with a mean of about 5 Hz. Temporal response patterns were not strictly phase-locked, but exhibited dynamic features that varied with the repetition rate. To examine these properties, classification of the repetition rate from the temporal response pattern evoked by twitter calls and FM sweep trains was examined by Fisher's linear discrimination analysis (LDA). Response classification by LDA revealed that information was encoded not only by phase-locking, but also other components of the temporal response pattern. For FM sweep trains, classification was best for repetition rates from 2 to 8 Hz. Thus, the majority of neurons in CM can accurately encode the envelopes of temporally complex stimuli over the behaviorally-relevant range of the twitter call. This suggests that CM could be engaged in processing that requires relatively precise temporal envelope discrimination, and supports the hypothesis that CM is positioned at an early stage of processing in the auditory cortex of primates.
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Camalier CR, Gotler A, Murthy A, Thompson KG, Logan GD, Palmeri TJ, Schall JD. Dynamics of saccade target selection: race model analysis of double step and search step saccade production in human and macaque. Vision Res 2007; 47:2187-211. [PMID: 17604806 PMCID: PMC2041801 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how saccade target selection by humans and macaque monkeys reacts to unexpected changes of the image. This was explored using double step and search step tasks in which a target, presented alone or as a singleton in a visual search array, steps to a different location on infrequent, random trials. We report that human and macaque monkey performance are qualitatively indistinguishable. Performance is stochastic with the probability of producing a compensated saccade to the final target location decreasing with the delay of the step. Compensated saccades to the final target location are produced with latencies relative to the step that are comparable to or less than the average latency of saccades on trials with no target step. Noncompensated errors to the initial target location are produced with latencies less than the average latency of saccades on trials with no target step. Noncompensated saccades to the initial target location are followed by corrective saccades to the final target location following an intersaccade interval that decreases with the interval between the target step and the initiation of the noncompensated saccade. We show that this pattern of results cannot be accounted for by a race between two stochastically independent processes producing the saccade to the initial target location and another process producing the saccade to the final target location. However, performance can be accounted for by a race between three stochastically independent processes--a GO process producing the saccade to the initial target location, a STOP process interrupting that GO process, and another GO process producing the saccade to the final target location. Furthermore, if the STOP process and second GO process start at the same time, then the model can account for the incidence and latency of mid-flight corrections and rapid corrective saccades. This model provides a computational account of saccade production when the image changes unexpectedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Camalier
- Department of Psychology, Wilson Hall, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 111 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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