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De Gonneville A, Ladouceur M, Hobbs K, Bouchard M, Kempny A, Iserin L, Ly R, Legendre A, Rafiq I, Dimopoulos K, Li W, Shore D, Vouhe P, Gatzoulis M. Long-term outcomes amongst adults with anatomic repair for transposition of the great arteries: Not as perfect as we would have hoped? Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2020.10.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ladouceur M, Hobbs K, De Gonneville A, Kempny A, Iserin L, Ly R, Legendre A, Rafiq I, Dimopoulos K, Li W, Shore D, Vouhe P, Gatzoulis M. Long-term outcomes amongst adults with anatomic repair for transposition of the great arteries: not as perfect as we would have hoped? Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The arterial switch operation (ASO) has replaced atrial switch procedures for D-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA), with 90% of patients now reaching adulthood. However, patients may have residual lesions and/or sequelae, some of which may remain unrecognized, necessitating lifelong specialist surveillance. We examined the cardiac outcomes of a large number of contemporary ASO patients under tertiary adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) care.
Methods
We examined late major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in adult TGA patients (>16 years) who underwent an ASO between 1981 and 2003 and continued their follow-up in 2 tertiary ACHD centers. MACE were defined as death, re-intervention, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, stroke/TIA, infective endocarditis and heart failure.
Results
Overall, 199 patients (66% male, mean age 27±5 years) were followed in adult life for a median of 10 years [IQR 7–15] and were included in this study. Overall survival during this period was 99.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94.4%-99.8%). Sixty-two (31.2%) patients experience MACE, including 52 reinterventions. MACE and reintervention-free survival at 20, 30 and 35 years were 87.6%, 58.6%, 50.6% and 89.5%, 69.1, 61%, respectively. Atrial arrhythmia was the most frequent cardiac event with an incidence of 5.5 cases per 1000 patient-years, whereas incidence of ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death was 1.8‰ and 0.9‰ patient-years, respectively. Coronary artery disease was diagnosed in 6 (3%) patients, of whom 4 had symptoms, 1 had ST depression on ECG at rest and 3 had abnormal wall motion on echocardiography. The most frequent indication for reoperation was right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (n=35/52, 63.7%), whereas left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) re-interventions rate increased significantly during adulthood compared to childhood from 1% to 5%, p=0.03 (Figure 1). On multivariate analysis, history of cardiac complications during infancy (HR 2.3, 95% CI:1.3–4.0, p<0.01) and uncommon coronary patterns (HR for type A versus B/C/D/E 0.47, 95% CI:0.26–0.83, p<0.01) were independent predictors of MACE in adulthood. At the latest follow-up, 90.9% of patients were functional class I, left ventricular ejection fraction was 59.6±6.5% and peak oxygen uptake 71.1±24.9% predicted. At least moderate neoaortic regurgitation and aortic dilatation (≥40mm) were present in 8.0% and 35.2%, respectively, with more than mild pulmonary stenosis in 19.6%.
Conclusion
Adult patients with ASO for TGA have a low late mortality. However, MACE are common requiring reintervention, particularly for RVOT obstruction and neo-aortic valve dysfunction, the latter with rising rates during adulthood. Patients with cardiovascular complications during childhood are at the highest risk for MACE. All patients merit life-long tertiary care.
Figure 1
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ladouceur
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - K Hobbs
- University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - A Kempny
- Royal Brompton Hospital Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Iserin
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - R Ly
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | | - I Rafiq
- Royal Brompton Hospital Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Dimopoulos
- Royal Brompton Hospital Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - W Li
- Royal Brompton Hospital Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Shore
- Royal Brompton Hospital Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Vouhe
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - M.A Gatzoulis
- Royal Brompton Hospital Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kotov R, Jonas KG, Carpenter WT, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hobbs K, Reininghaus U, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Waszczuk MA, Widiger TA, Wright A, Zald DH, Krueger RF, Watson D. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:151-172. [PMID: 32394571 PMCID: PMC7214958 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a scientific effort to address shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, which suffer from arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co-occurrence, heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic instability. This paper synthesizes evidence on the validity and utility of the thought disorder and detachment spectra of HiTOP. These spectra are composed of symptoms and maladaptive traits currently subsumed within schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and schizotypal, paranoid and schizoid personality disorders. Thought disorder ranges from normal reality testing, to maladaptive trait psychoticism, to hallucinations and delusions. Detachment ranges from introversion, to maladaptive detachment, to blunted affect and avolition. Extensive evidence supports the validity of thought disorder and detachment spectra, as each spectrum reflects common genetics, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, biomarkers, and treatment response. Some of these characteristics are specific to one spectrum and others are shared, suggesting the existence of an overarching psychosis superspectrum. Further research is needed to extend this model, such as clarifying whether mania and dissociation belong to thought disorder, and explicating processes that drive development of the spectra and their subdimensions. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the thought disorder and detachment spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and higher acceptability to clinicians. Validated measures are available to implement the system in practice. The more informative, reliable and valid characterization of psychosis-related psychopathology offered by HiTOP can make diagnosis more useful for research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | | | | | - Michael N. Dretsch
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, US Army Medical Research Directorate ‐ WestSilver SpringMDUSA
| | | | | | | | - Kelsey Hobbs
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergGermany,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK,Centre for Epidemiology and Public HealthInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance AbuseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance AbuseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | | | - David H. Zald
- Department of PsychologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - David Watson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendINUSA
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Wallace DJ, Hobbs K, Clowse MEB, Petri M, Strand V, Pike M, Merrill JT, Leszczyński P, Neuwelt CM, Jeka S, Houssiau F, Keiserman M, Ordi-Ros J, Bongardt S, Kilgallen B, Galateanu C, Kalunian K, Furie R, Gordon C. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Epratuzumab in the Treatment of Moderate-to- Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results From an Open-Label Extension Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 68:534-43. [PMID: 26316325 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to assess the long-term safety of repeated courses of epratuzumab therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus. Secondary objectives were to assess long-term efficacy and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). METHODS Eligible patients from the 12-week, phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled EMBLEM study enrolled into the open-label extension (OLE) study, SL0008. In the SL0008 study, patients received 1,200 mg epratuzumab infusions at weeks 0 and 2 of repeating 12-week cycles, plus standard of care. Safety measures included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious TEAEs. Efficacy measures included combined treatment response, the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group score, the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score, and the physician's and patient's global assessment of disease activity. Total daily corticosteroid dose and HRQOL (by the Short Form 36 health survey) were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 113 of the 203 patients (55.7%) who entered the SL0008 study continued epratuzumab therapy until study closure (total cumulative exposure: 381.3 patient-years, median exposure: 845 days, and maximum exposure: 1,185 days/approximately 3.2 years). TEAEs were reported in 192 patients (94.6%); most common were infections and infestations (68.0%, 138 patients). Serious TEAEs were reported in 51 patients (25.1%), and 14 patients (6.9%) had serious infections. In patients treated for 108 weeks (n = 116), the median corticosteroid dose was reduced from 10.0 mg/day at OLE screening to 5.0 mg/day at week 108. Improvements in efficacy and HRQOL measures in EMBLEM were maintained in the OLE, while placebo patients exhibited similar improvements in disease activity upon a switch to epratuzumab. CONCLUSION Open-label epratuzumab treatment was well tolerated for up to 3.2 years, and associated with sustained improvements in disease activity and HRQOL, while steroids were reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Wallace
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - K Hobbs
- Denver Arthritis Clinic, Denver, Colorado
| | - M E B Clowse
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - M Petri
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - V Strand
- Biopharmaceutical Consultant, Portola Valley, California
| | - M Pike
- MedPharm Consulting, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - J T Merrill
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - P Leszczyński
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - C M Neuwelt
- Alameda County Health System, Oakland, California
| | - S Jeka
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, 2nd University Hospital, CM UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - F Houssiau
- Clinique Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Keiserman
- Pontifical Catholic University, School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J Ordi-Ros
- Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - K Kalunian
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
| | - R Furie
- North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, New York
| | - C Gordon
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Casey J, Siedhoff M, Moulder J, Hobbs K. Laparoscopic Myomectomy: Tips and Tricks. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hobbs K, Chung J, Bitman B, Wang B, Nussbaum J, Collier D. AB0393 Efficacy and Safety of Etanercept (ETN) in Patients with Moderately Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) despite Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD) Therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Strand V, Kalunian K, Wallace D, Hobbs K, Kilgallen B, Nikaï E, Wegener W. AB0633 Epratuzumab-treated SLE patients report improvements in health-related quality of life: Interim results from a us open-label extension study:. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hobbs K, Webb A, Nair N, Kornreich D, Acevedo Alvarez M, Naoulou B, Maxwell E, Tsai M. Comparison of Operative Hysteroscopy Indication between a Public and Private Hospital within the Same Academic Institution: An Indicative of Health Care Disparity? J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2010.08.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Mease PJ, Hobbs K, Chalmers A, El-Gabalawy H, Bookman A, Keystone E, Furst DE, Anklesaria P, Heald AE. Local delivery of a recombinant adenoassociated vector containing a tumour necrosis factor alpha antagonist gene in inflammatory arthritis: a phase 1 dose-escalation safety and tolerability study. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 68:1247-54. [PMID: 18678578 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.089375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the safety and tolerability of a single intra-articular injection of rAAV2-TNFR:Fc, an adenoassociated virus serotype 2 vector containing the cDNA for the human tumour necrosis factor-immunoglobulin Fc fusion gene (tgAAC94), in subjects with inflammatory arthritis. METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1, dose-escalation study, 15 subjects with inflammatory arthritis (14 with rheumatoid arthritis and 1 with ankylosing spondylitis) not receiving tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) inhibitors with persistent moderate (grade 2) or severe (grade 3) swelling in a target joint due to inflammatory arthritis received a single intra-articular injection of rAAV2-TNFR:Fc at 1 x 10(10) (n = 5) or 1 x 10(11) (n = 6) DNase resistant particles per ml joint volume or placebo (n = 4) into a knee (n = 14) or ankle (n = 1). Safety was assessed through adverse event monitoring. As a secondary objective, changes in injected joint tenderness and swelling scores, each measured on a four-point scale, were evaluated. RESULTS Intra-articular injections of rAAV2-TNFR:Fc were well tolerated with no major safety issues. One event, mild knee pruritus, was considered probably related. Synovial fluid TNFR:Fc protein was not detected (nor expected) at the doses used. At 12 weeks after injection, a two-point decrease in swelling was noted in 2/11 and 2/4 subjects injected with rAAV2-TNFR:Fc and placebo, respectively. CONCLUSION A single dose of intra-articular rAAV2-TNFR:Fc appears to be safe and well tolerated in subjects without concurrent systemic TNFalpha antagonist use. It is thus feasible to proceed with larger trials to further test the safety and efficacy of local TNFR:Fc gene transfer as a therapeutic modality for patients with inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Mease
- Seattle Rheumatology Associates/Swedish Medical Center Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Hobbs K. Wound healing. Principles and practice. T. T. Irvin. 240×160 mm. Pp. 221. Illustrated. 1981. London: Chapman and Hall. £15·00. Br J Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800690133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Braune BM, Outridge PM, Fisk AT, Muir DCG, Helm PA, Hobbs K, Hoekstra PF, Kuzyk ZA, Kwan M, Letcher RJ, Lockhart WL, Norstrom RJ, Stern GA, Stirling I. Persistent organic pollutants and mercury in marine biota of the Canadian Arctic: an overview of spatial and temporal trends. Sci Total Environ 2005; 351-352:4-56. [PMID: 16109439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes and synthesizes the significant amount of data which was generated on mercury (Hg) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Canadian Arctic marine biota since the first Canadian Arctic Contaminants Assessment Report (CACAR) was published in 1997. This recent body of work has led to a better understanding of the current levels and spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in biota, including the marine food species that northern peoples traditionally consume. Compared to other circumpolar countries, concentrations of many organochlorines (OCs) in Canadian Arctic marine biota are generally lower than in the European Arctic and eastern Greenland but are higher than in Alaska, whereas Hg concentrations are substantially higher in Canada than elsewhere. Spatial coverage of OCs in ringed seals, beluga and seabirds remains a strength of the Arctic contaminant data set for Canada. Concentrations of OCs in marine mammals and seabirds remain fairly consistent across the Canadian Arctic although subtle differences from west to east and south to north are found in the proportions of various chemicals. The most significant development since 1997 is improvement in the temporal trend data sets, thanks to the use of archived tissue samples from the 1970s and 1980s, long-term studies using archeological material, as well as the continuation of sampling. These data cover a range of species and chemicals and also include retrospective studies on new chemicals such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers. There is solid evidence in a few species (beluga, polar bear, blue mussels) that Hg at some locations has significantly increased from pre-industrial times to the present; however, the temporal trends of Hg over the past 20-30 years are inconsistent. Some animal populations exhibited significant increases in Hg whereas others did not. Therefore, it is currently not possible to determine if anthropogenic Hg is generally increasing in Canadian Arctic biota. It is also not yet possible to evaluate whether the recent Hg increases observed in some biota may be due solely to increased anthropogenic inputs or are in part the product of environmental change, e.g., climate warming. Concentrations of most "legacy" OCs (PCBs, DDT, etc.) significantly declined in Canadian Arctic biota from the 1970s to the late 1990s, and today are generally less than half the levels of the 1970s, particularly in seabirds and ringed seals. Chlorobenzenes and endosulfan were among the few OCs to show increases during this period while summation operatorHCH remained relatively constant in most species. A suite of new-use chemicals previously unreported in Arctic biota (e.g., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), perfluoro-octane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs)) has recently been found, but there is insufficient information to assess species differences, spatial patterns or food web dynamics for these compounds. Concentrations of these new chemicals are generally lower than legacy OCs, but there is concern because some are rapidly increasing in concentration (e.g., PBDEs), while others such as PFOS have unique toxicological properties, and some were not expected to be found in the Arctic because of their supposedly low potential for long-range transport. Continuing temporal monitoring of POPs and Hg in a variety of marine biota must be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Braune
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Carleton University (Raven Road), Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0H3.
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Towu E, Boxer G, Begent R, Zweit J, Spitz L, Hobbs K, Winslet M. In-vitro uptake of radioactive lipiodol I-131 and I-125 by hepatoblastoma: implications for targeted radiotherapy. Pediatr Surg Int 2001; 17:609-13. [PMID: 11727050 DOI: 10.1007/s003830100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2000] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipiodol, a stable iodine addition product of fatty ethyl esters derived from poppyseed oil, has been used as a vehicle for targeted cytotoxic or radiotherapeutic treatment in adults with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and in a few children with advanced hepatoblastoma (HB). Prolonged retention of lipiodol by the cancer cells might enable more effective targeted therapy to advanced, multifocal, or metastatic HB. To investigate the uptake and cytotoxic efficacy of beta and Auger electron-emitting radioconjugates on HB cells, monolayers of HB (C3a, Hep Tow1) and normal human hepatocyte cell lines were exposed to lipiodol131 (L131), lipiodol125 (L125), or a cocktail of both isotopes. Uptake of radioactivity was assessed autoradiographically using phosphoimages and the cytotoxicity assessed by trypan blue exclusion and clonogenic assay. The uptake of the different radioconjugates was identical in both HB cell lines. The "cocktail" of both radioactive lipiodols caused the greatest cytotoxicity to HB C3a, and HepTow1. L125 alone had a similar level of uptake and cytotoxicity as L131. Radioactive iodine alone did not show any cytotoxicity on any of the liver cell lines in culture for up to 72 h. These experimental results provide support for a clinical strategy of combinations ("cocktails") of radioconjugates in targeted radiotherapy in patients with HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Towu
- University Department of Surgery, The Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK
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13
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Hobbs K, Young A. Audit of cancer related fatigue training for health care professionals. Eur J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)82065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Our laboratory has observed marked craniofacial dysmorphology along the frontonasal-maxillary juncture in schizophrenic probands and their relatives. Embryologic fate-mapping studies relate this craniofacial juncture to the diencephalic-mesencephalic border, and on the basis of this correspondence we have predicted brain midline maldevelopment arising at this border in schizophrenia. Analysis of magnetic resonance images has borne out this prediction, with midline deviation scores in schizophrenia exceeding control values. High deviation scores were also observed among the siblings of these schizophrenic patients. Further, brain and face dysmorphology scores cohered within subjects, supporting this embryologically derived model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Deutsch
- Psychobiology Program, Kennedy Shriver Center, Waltham, MA 02254, USA
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15
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Catchpole B, Kavanaugh A, Hobbs K, Choy EH. Discussion. Section 2: immunomodulatory intervention. Drugs Today (Barc) 1999; 35:405-6. [PMID: 14664237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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16
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Hobbs K, Negri J, Klinnert M, Rosenwasser LJ, Borish L. Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta promoter polymorphisms in allergies and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:1958-62. [PMID: 9847292 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.6.9804011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) are inhibitory for B and T cells, IgE production, and mast cell proliferation, and they induce apoptosis in eosinophils. These cytokines are therefore candidate genes which could contribute to the development of asthma or allergies. We investigated the hypothesis that polymorphic nucleotides within the IL-10 and TGF-beta gene promoters would link to the expression of allergies and asthma. DNA taken from families with an asthmatic proband was examined for base exchanges by single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP). We demonstrated the presence of a polymorphism in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene and four in the TGF-beta gene promoters (3 in TGF-beta1 and 1 in TGF-beta2). The IL-10 gene polymorphism was a C-to-A exchange 571 base pairs upstream from the translation start site and was present between consensus binding sequences for Sp1 and elevated total serum. This polymorphism was associated with elevated total serum IgE in subjects heterozygotic or homozygotic for this base exchange (p < 0.009). The base exchange at -509 (from the transcription initiation site) in the TGF-beta promoter also linked to elevated total IgE (p < 0.01). This polymorphism represented a C-to-T base exchange which induced a YY1 consensus sequence and is present in a region of the promoter associated with negative transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hobbs
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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17
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Abstract
This study aimed to determine gender-based differences in fuel metabolism in response to long-duration exercise. Fuel oxidation and the metabolic response to exercise were compared in men (n = 14) and women (n = 13) during 2 h (40% of maximal O2 uptake) of cycling and 2 h of postexercise recovery. In addition, subjects completed a separate control day on which no exercise was performed. Fuel oxidation was measured using indirect calorimetry, and blood samples were drawn for the determination of circulating substrate and hormone levels. During exercise, women derived proportionally more of the total energy expended from fat oxidation (50.9 +/- 1.8 and 43. 7 +/- 2.1% for women and men, respectively, P < 0.02), whereas men derived proportionally more energy from carbohydrate oxidation (53.1 +/- 2.1 and 45.7 +/- 1.8% for men and women, respectively, P < 0.01). These gender-based differences were not observed before exercise, after exercise, or on the control day. Epinephrine (P < 0.007) and norepinephrine (P < 0.0009) levels were significantly greater during exercise in men than in women (peak epinephrine concentrations: 208 +/- 36 and 121 +/- 15 pg/ml in men and women, respectively; peak norepinephrine concentrations: 924 +/- 125 and 659 +/- 68 pg/ml in men and women, respectively). As circulating glycerol levels were not different between the two groups, this suggests that women may be more sensitive to the lipolytic action of the catecholamines. In conclusion, these data support the view that different priorities are placed on lipid and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise in men and women and that these gender-based differences extend to the catecholamine response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Horton
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Universityof Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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MacDermott AJ, Barron LD, Brack A, Buhse T, Drake AF, Emery R, Gottarelli G, Greenberg JM, Haberle R, Hegstrom RA, Hobbs K, Kondepudi DK, McKay C, Moorbath S, Raulin F, Sandford M, Schwartzman DW, Thiemann WH, Tranter GE, Zarnecki JC. Homochirality as the signature of life: the SETH Cigar. Planet Space Sci 1996; 44:1441-1446. [PMID: 11541123 DOI: 10.1016/s0032-0633(96)00057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic hallmark of life is its homochirality: all biomolecules are usually of one hand, e.g. on Earth life uses only L-amino acids for protein synthesis and not their D mirror images. It is therefore suggested that a search for extra-terrestrial life can be approached as a Search for Extra-Terrestrial Homochirality (SETH). A novel miniaturized space polarimeter, called the SETH Cigar, is described which could he used to detect optical rotation as the homochiral signature of life on other planets. Moving parts are avoided by replacing the normal rotating polarizer by multiple fixed polarizers at different angles as in the eye of the bee. It is believed that homochirality will be found in the subsurface layers on Mars as a relic of extinct life.
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Hobbs K. Seamless training: is academic medicine threatened? Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 1996; 56:273-5. [PMID: 8889097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hobbs
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London
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20
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Abstract
Examination of dermatoglyphic patterns in 112 diabetic children under 5 years and matched controls found no difference between the groups. Either those developing diabetes under 5 do not experience the same genetic and environmental conditions that influence its development in later life or the dermatoglyphic abnormalities described in later onset insulin dependent diabetes mellitus reflect the vast number of pattern formations available for study, which has inevitably led to some statistically significant associations.
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Kurzawinski T, Deery A, Dooley J, Dick R, Hobbs K, Davidson B. A prospective controlled study comparing brush and bile exfoliative cytology for diagnosing bile duct strictures. Gut 1992; 33:1675-7. [PMID: 1487170 PMCID: PMC1379581 DOI: 10.1136/gut.33.12.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of biliary strictures may suggest malignancy but cytology can provide a tissue diagnosis. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic value of brush cytology and bile cytology. Thirty two patients (20 males, 12 females, median age 66 years, range 31-84) with biliary strictures at endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (24) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (8) had bile cytology and brush cytology. Brushings were taken using a modified Geenan cytology brush (6 Fr gauge, Wilson Cook) passed alongside a guide wire placed through the stricture. Bile was aspirated after insertion of an internal/external catheter or an endoprosthesis. Bile and brushings were examined by one experienced cytologist (AD) and was reported as positive or negative for malignant cells. Twenty nine patients had malignant strictures. Sixteen were confirmed by histology and 13 had malignancy suggested by clinical follow up. Three patients had resection of histologically benign strictures. The overall sensitivity of brush cytology (17 of 29 positive, 59%) was significantly greater than bile cytology (seven of 29 positive, 24%) (p < 0.01) as was the diagnostic accuracy (63 v 31%, p < 0.01). None of the patients had positive bile cytology with negative brush cytology. There were no procedure related complications and the average sampling time once the guide wire had been inserted was less than five minutes. It is concluded that brush cytology is more sensitive than bile cytology and with the technique described is safe and rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kurzawinski
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London
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22
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Abstract
The cause of a biliary tract stricture may be difficult to determine radiologically. Exfoliative biliary cytology was evaluated in 62 patients (median age 65 years, range 30-94) with biliary tract strictures presenting to the Hepatobiliary Unit between January 1984 and December 1989. Bile samples were taken during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 42 patients, percutaneous cholangiography in 14, and both in six. The site of stricturing was upper third of the bile duct in 43% (n = 27), middle third in 10% (n = six), and lower third in 47% (n = 29). Of the 47 patients with radiological appearances of a malignant stricture, 22 (47%) had histological confirmation by biopsy either under computed tomography guidance, at endoscopy, at operation, or at necropsy. Fourteen of the 47 patients had positive cytology (30%). In seven patients cytology alone established the presence of malignancy (15%) and in the other seven positive cytology was confirmed by histology. The addition of cytology to tissue biopsy therefore allowed malignancy to be confirmed in 29 of the 47 patients (62%). None of the 15 patients subsequently shown to have benign disease had positive cytology. Sensitivity of the technique was 30% and specificity 100%. Samples for exfoliative cytology are simple to obtain, the results are highly specific and should be a routine part of the investigation of biliary strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Davidson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital and Medical School, London
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23
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Colchester A, Seifalian A, Hawkes D, Brunt J, Wicks D, du Boulay G, Hobbs K. Analysis of the variation of the distance-density curves with time as a way of extracting flow information from digital angiograms. Invest Radiol 1992; 27:274. [PMID: 1551780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Abstract
A 31 year old man, under investigation for melena, was found at endoscopy to have varicosities at the site of a duodeno-jejunostomy which had been performed for duodenal atresia when he was three days old. Angiography revealed an occluded portal vein with an extensive collateral circulation. At laparotomy some of the collateral vessels were found to pass through the anastomotic site and directly into the left lobe of the liver. The portal pressure was found to be minimally elevated. Resection of the anastomotic segment was performed with reconstruction using a Roux en Y jejunal loop. Bleeding from collateral vessels passing through an anastomosis site in a patient with extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis has not previously been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Varsamidakis
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London
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25
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Abstract
Caval compression secondary to hypertrophy of the caudate lobe is a well known complication of Budd-Chiari syndrome. This paper describes the use of an expandable metal stent to overcome external caval compression. Meso-caval shunting was subsequently performed with a good end result.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gillams
- Department of Radiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
A case of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma following resection is reported. The patient received 2 treatments of 131I-lipiodol administered via the hepatic artery at angiography. Good localization in tumour tissue was observed on subsequent computed tomographic scans and no adverse effects were seen after either treatment. After the first treatment 2 nodules of recurrent tumour were resected and proved to be totally necrotic. The patient remains well 9 months later with a persistently elevated serum alphafetoprotein but no evidence of residual tumour. It is suggested that 131I-lipiodol may be the treatment of choice for small tumours in elderly high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Novell
- Academic Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK
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Osborne CK, Hobbs K, Trent JM. Biological differences among MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines from different laboratories. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1987; 9:111-21. [PMID: 3620713 DOI: 10.1007/bf01807363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are used widely for studies of tumor biology and hormone mechanism of action. Conflicting results have often been obtained in studies reported from different laboratories. In this report several biological properties were studied in four MCF-7 cell lines obtained from different laboratories. MCF-7 (ATCC), MCF-7, MCF-7 (KO), and MCF-7 (S) demonstrated similar morphology in monolayer culture. Chromosome analysis revealed that three of the lines shared several structural chromosome alterations and marker chromosomes; however, MCF-7 (ATCC) was distinctly different with virtually no chromosomal alterations shared in common with the other lines. All four lines contained variable amounts of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR). The growth rate of MCF-7 (ATCC) was 50% slower than that of the other lines, and, unlike the other three lines, cell proliferation was unaffected by estrogen or antiestrogen treatment despite the presence of receptors. Cloning efficiency of the four lines varied over a 10-fold range. Tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice also varied considerably among these lines. MCF-7 (ATCC) grew well in ovariectomized nude mice, while the other lines required estrogen supplementation. MCF-7 (S) and MCF-7 grew rapidly with estrogen supplementation; MCF-7 (KO) grew very slowly. Antiestrogen therapy inhibited growth of MCF-7, MCF-7 (S), and MCF-7 (KO) tumors, but it had no effect on MCF-7 (ATCC). These data demonstrate that MCF-7 lines from different laboratories may have unique biological properties, despite having a similar karyotype (MCF-7, MCF-7 (S), MCF-7 (KO]. The fundamental differences in karyotype and biological properties of the MCF-7 (ATCC), and the previously reported differences in DNA restriction fragment polymorphism analyses, demonstrate that this line is derived from an entirely different patient. Investigators should carefully document the source and identity of MCF-7 cells used in published experiments.
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Osborne CK, Hobbs K, Clark GM. Effect of estrogens and antiestrogens on growth of human breast cancer cells in athymic nude mice. Cancer Res 1985; 45:584-90. [PMID: 3967234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy with estrogen deprivation or with antiestrogens results in tumor regression in a subset of patients with advanced breast cancer. To better understand the mechanisms by which estrogens and antiestrogens modulate breast cancer growth in vivo, we have studied the effects of endocrine manipulation on the development and growth of tumors derived from cultured human breast cancer cells in the athymic nude mouse. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c athymic nude mice. Tumor growth did not occur in ovariectomized mice. Cells remained viable, however, since estrogen supplementation more than 30 days later resulted in tumor formation. Minimal tumor growth was observed in intact female nude mice which have low circulating estrogen levels. Tumor development and growth in ovariectomized or intact mice supplemented with 17 beta-estradiol in the form of a s.c. pellet were dose dependent; growth rates increased with estrogen doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg. Antiestrogen treatment with either tamoxifen or LY156758 caused transient stimulation of tumor growth, followed by a prolonged stationary phase. Growth resumed with estrogen supplementation. Treatment of mice bearing established MCF-7 tumors with estrogen withdrawal (removal of estrogen pellet) resulted in cessation of tumor growth, but not in tumor regression. Growth inhibition was also observed with antiestrogens and was dose dependent. However, tumor regression did not occur, even in mice treated with high doses of tamoxifen (serum concentration of 1.0 microM) for as long as 60 days. Tumor growth was restored in these mice with estrogen replenishment. Tumor cells also remained viable histologically despite prolonged (1 month) estrogen deprivation or antiestrogen therapy, although the mitotic index was markedly reduced. Similar observations were made with mice inoculated with the hormone-responsive ZR75-1 human breast cancer cells, but not with hormone-independent MDA-231 cells which were not influenced by estrogen or antiestrogen treatment. In summary, development and growth of MCF-7 and ZR75-1 tumors in nude mice are estrogen dependent. Endocrine therapy by estrogen deprivation or antiestrogen treatment inhibits tumor cell proliferation in nude mice, but does not cause tumor regression or loss of cell viability.
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Treffene RJ, Dickson R, Craven C, Osborne C, Woodhead K, Hobbs K. Lactic acid accumulation during constant speed swimming at controlled relative intensities. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1980; 20:244-54. [PMID: 7453158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Hobbs K, Dornan P. The conservative treatment of the acromioclavicular joint injury with special relation to physiotherapy treatment. Aust J Physiother 1971; 17:96-98. [PMID: 25025932 DOI: 10.1016/s0004-9514(14)61112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the acromioclavicular joint typically occurs when the point of the shoulder is speared into the ground. The clavicle tends to be displaced in the line of the action, resulting in a swelling in the acromioclavicular joint area, on the superior surface of the shoulder. The lateral and posterior section of the superior ligament is generally either strained or torn. It is probable the coraco-clavicular ligament is also strained, but it is not obvious.
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Fletcher JP, Hobbs K, Hunt AC, Knapp MS, Linton AH, McCarthy CF. Bristol human disease course for dental students. Br J Med Educ 1967; 1:381-385. [PMID: 5583320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1967.tb01737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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