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Kumar Gandham S, Jha A, Kudale AA. Design and Synthesis of 2-Phenylindolizine Acetamides: Molecular Docking, in Vitro Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity Evaluation. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400075. [PMID: 38466656 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, we synthesized a small library of 2-phenylindolizine acetamide derivatives 7a-i and studied their biological activity. The synthesis was accomplished starting with easily available starting material phenacyl bromide 1 proceeding through the key intermediate 6-methyl-7-nitro-2-phenylindolizine 4. All the compounds 7a-i were characterized using spectroscopy viz., 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and mass spectrometry. Interestingly, 2-phenylindolizine scaffolds 7c, 7f and 7g revealed a remarkable antibacterial activity against relevant organisms S. aureus, E. coli, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa. The target compounds 7e and 7h showed excellent anticancer activity against Colo-205 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with IC50 values of 68.62, 62.91, 54.23 and 46.34 μM respectively. Additionally, all the 2-phenylindolizine acetamide derivatives 7a-i were subjected to molecular docking prediction by Autodock 4.2. Compounds 7a, 7f and 7c exhibited very good hydrogen bonding amino acid interactions Asp83 (2.23 Å), Asp83 (2.08 Å), His74 (2.05 Å), His76 (1.71 Å), Ser80 (1.05 Å) with active site of Topoisomerase-IV from S. pneumoniae (4KPE). Further, the compounds 7a-i have revealed acceptable ranges for drug-likeliness properties upon evaluation using SwissADME for ADMET and physiochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Gandham
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530045, India
| | - Anjali Jha
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530045, India
| | - Amit A Kudale
- Research and Development, ASolution Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd, Ambernath, Dist. Thane, Maharashtra, 421506, India
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Larghi EL, Bracca ABJ, Simonetti SO, Kaufman TS. Relevant Developments in the Use of Three-Component Reactions for the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. The last 15 Years. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300306. [PMID: 38647363 PMCID: PMC11095226 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer a highly useful and valuable strategy that can fulfill an important role in synthesizing complex polysubstituted compounds, by simplifying otherwise long sequences and increasing their efficiency. The total synthesis of selected natural products employing three-component reactions as their common strategic MCR approach, is reviewed on a case-by-case basis with selected targets conquered during the last 15 years. The revision includes detailed descriptions of the selected successful sequences; relevant information on the isolation, and bioactivity of the different natural targets is also briefly provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique L. Larghi
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
| | - Andrea B. J. Bracca
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
| | - Sebastian O. Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
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Rodríguez-Caro JF, Afonso MM, Palenzuela JA. A Simple Entry to the 5,8-Disubstituted Indolizidine Skeleton via Hetero Diels-Alder Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:7316. [PMID: 37959735 PMCID: PMC10647431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines are the largest family of indolizidines isolated from the skin of amphibians. These compounds exhibit interesting biological activities such as noncompetitive blockers of nicotinic receptors. In this paper, we present a short, simple, and general synthesis of these alkaloids based on the hetero Diels-Alder reaction between suitable monoactivated dienes and Δ1-pyrroline as the dienophile. The selectivity of the process is explained based on computational studies. Concise synthesis of the indolizidine alkaloid 181B from a hetero Diels-Alder reaction was accomplished in four steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María M. Afonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (SINTESTER), Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Palenzuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (SINTESTER), Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
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Renault J, Bouvry C, Cupif JF, Hurvois JP. Alkylation of N, N-Dibenzylaminoacetonitrile: From Five- to Seven-Membered Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Systems. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3582-3598. [PMID: 36848662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of several alkaloids and nitrogen-containing compounds including N-Boc-coniine (14b), pyrrolizidine (1), δ-coniceine (2), and pyrrolo[1,2a]azepine (3) are described. New C-C bonds in the α position relative to the nitrogen atom were formed by the alkylation of metalated α-aminonitriles 4 and 6a-c with alkyl iodides possessing the requisite size and functionality. In all of the reported cases, the pyrrolidine ring was formed in the aqueous medium through a favorable 5-exo-tet process involving a primary or a secondary amino group and a terminal δ-leaving group. Conversely, the azepane ring was efficiently formed in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), as the preferred aprotic solvent, through an unreported 7-exo-tet cyclization process involving a more nucleophilic sodium amide and a terminal mesylate borne by a saturated six carbon chain unit. In this way, we successfully synthesized pyrrolo[1,2a]azepane 3 and 2-propyl-azepane 14c in good yields from inexpensive and readily available materials without tedious separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Renault
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christelle Bouvry
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugène Marquis, Avenue de la Bataille Flandre-Dunkerque, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Cupif
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Hurvois
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Zhang J, Morris-Natschke SL, Ma D, Shang XF, Yang CJ, Liu YQ, Lee KH. Biologically active indolizidine alkaloids. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:928-960. [PMID: 33128409 DOI: 10.1002/med.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Indolizidine alkaloids are chemical constituents isolated from various marine and terrestrial plants and animals, including but not limited to trees, fungi, ants, and frogs, with a myriad of important biological activities. In this review, we discuss the biological activity and pharmacological effects of indolizidine alkaloids and offer new avenues toward the discovery of new and better drugs based on these naturally occurring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Di Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Chen-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Mohajer F, Ziarani GM, Moradi R. The Study of Several Synthesis Methods of Indolizidine (±)-209I and (±)-209B as Natural Alkaloids. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200226113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have received much attention due to their importance and
application. Indolizidine, categorized as an alkaloid, has several biological activities. The
synthesis of natural compounds such as indolizidines has attracted much attention from
many chemists’ and researchers’ perspectives. There are many areas to be explored in
this subject; that is why synthesizing indolizidine 209I and (±)-indolizidine 209B as
natural compounds have received much consideration. This review discloses the procedures
and methodology to provide (±)-indolizidine 209I and 209B due to the importance
of indolizidines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Razieh Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Rodríguez C, Rollins-Smith L, Ibáñez R, Durant-Archibold AA, Gutiérrez M. Toxins and pharmacologically active compounds from species of the family Bufonidae (Amphibia, Anura). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:235-254. [PMID: 28034659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Among amphibians, 15 of the 47 species reported to be used in traditional medicines belong to the family Bufonidae, which demonstrates their potential in pharmacological and natural products research. For example, Asian and American tribes use the skin and the parotoid gland secretions of some common toads in the treatment of hemorrhages, bites and stings from venomous animals, skin and stomach disorders, as well as several types of cancers. OVERARCHING OBJECTIVE In addition to reviewing the occurrence of chemical constituents present in the family Bufonidae, the cytotoxic and biomedical potential of the active compounds produced by different taxa are presented. METHODOLOGY Available information on bioactive compounds isolated from species of the family Bufonidae was obtained from ACS Publications, Google, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Sciendirect and Springer. Papers written in Chinese, English, German and Spanish were considered. RESULTS Recent reports show more than 30% of amphibians are in decline and some of bufonid species are considered to be extinct. For centuries, bufonids have been used as traditional folk remedies to treat allergies, inflammation, cancer, infections and other ailments, highlighting their importance as a prolific source for novel drugs and therapies. Toxins and bioactive chemical constituents from skin and parotid gland secretions of bufonid species can be grouped in five families, the guanidine alkaloids isolated and characterized from Atelopus, the lipophilic alkaloids isolated from Melanophryniscus, the indole alkaloids and bufadienolides known to be synthesized by species of bufonids, and peptides and proteins isolated from the skin and gastrointestinal extracts of some common toads. Overall, the bioactive secretions of this family of anurans may have antimicrobial, protease inhibitor and anticancer properties, as well as being active at the neuromuscular level. CONCLUSION In this article, the traditional uses, toxicity and pharmacological potential of chemical compounds from bufonids have been summarized. In spite of being reported to be used to treat several diseases, neither extracts nor metabolites from bufonids have been tested in such illness like acne, osteoporosis, arthritis and other illnesses. However, the cytotoxicity of these metabolites needs to be evaluated on adequate animal models due to the limited conditions of in vitro assays. Novel qualitative and quantitative tools based on MS spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy is now available to study the complex secretions of bufonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelario Rodríguez
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones, Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama 0843-01103, Republic of Panama; Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur 522510, India
| | - Louise Rollins-Smith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Roberto Ibáñez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama 0843-03092, Republic of Panama; Department of Zoology, College of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Armando A Durant-Archibold
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones, Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama 0843-01103, Republic of Panama; Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Republic of Panama.
| | - Marcelino Gutiérrez
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones, Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama 0843-01103, Republic of Panama.
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8
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Li YJ, Hou CC, Chang KC. Total Synthesis of Indolizidine Alkaloids (-)-167B, (-)-209I, and (-)-223A by Using a Common Tricyclic Lactone. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Abels F, Lindemann C, Schneider C. A General Strategy for the Catalytic, Highly Enantio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Indolizidine-Based Alkaloids. Chemistry 2014; 20:1964-79. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Yang B, Huang Z, Guan H, Niu X, Li Y, Fang S, Ma C. New routes for the synthesis of fused pyrrole scaffolds through transition metal-free tandem reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Pivavarchyk M, Smith AM, Zhang Z, Zhou D, Wang X, Toyooka N, Tsuneki H, Sasaoka T, McIntosh JM, Crooks PA, Dwoskin LP. Indolizidine (-)-235B' and related structural analogs: discovery of nicotinic receptor antagonists that inhibit nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine release. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 658:132-9. [PMID: 21371454 PMCID: PMC3089962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although several therapeutic agents are available to aid in tobacco smoking cessation, relapse rates continue to be high, warranting the development of alternative pharmacotherapies. Nicotine-evoked dopamine release from its presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system leads to reward which maintains continued tobacco use. The ability of indolizidine (-)-235B' and a sub-library of structurally related analogs to inhibit nicotine-evoked [(3)H]dopamine release from rat striatal slices was determined in the current study. Indolizidine (-)-235B' inhibited nicotine-evoked [(3)H]dopamine release in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50)=42 nM, I(max)=55%). Compound (-)-237D, the double bond-reduced analog, afforded the greatest inhibitory potency (IC(50)=0.18 nM, I(max)=76%), and was 233-fold more potent than indolizidine (-)-235B'. The des-8-methyl aza-analog of indolizidine (-)-235B', ZZ-272, also inhibited nicotine-evoked [(3)H]dopamine release (IC(50)=413 nM, I(max)=59%). Concomitant exposure to maximally effective concentrations of indolizidine (-)-235B', ZZ-272 or (-)-237D with a maximally effective concentration of α-conotoxin MII, a selective antagonist for α6β2-containing nicotinic receptors, resulted in inhibition of nicotine-evoked [(3)H]dopamine release no greater than that produced by each compound alone. The latter results suggest that indolizidine (-)-235B', (-)-237D, ZZ-272 and α-conotoxin MII inhibit the same α-conotoxin MII-sensitive nicotinic receptor subtypes. Thus, indolizidine (-)-235B' and its analogs act as antagonists of α6β2-nicotinic receptors and constitute a novel structural scaffold for the discovery of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Pivavarchyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Andrew M. Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Dejun Zhou
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Xu Wang
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - J. Michael McIntosh
- Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Peter A. Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Linda P. Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Takahata H, Saito Y, Takahashi S, Azer N, T. Eldefrawi A, E. Eldefrawi M. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Pyrrolizidines 223H’, 239K’, 265H’, and 267H’ Found in Madagascan Frogs (Mantella) and Their Affinities for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(d)81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nelson A, Garraffo HM, Spande TF, Daly JW, Stevenson PJ. Facile synthesis of two diastereomeric indolizidines corresponding to the postulated structure of alkaloid 5,9E-259B from a Bufonid toad (Melanophryniscus). Beilstein J Org Chem 2008; 4:6. [PMID: 18208586 PMCID: PMC2244622 DOI: 10.1186/1860-5397-4-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A short synthesis of the postulated structure for indolizidine alkaloid 259B with the hydrogens at C5 and C9 entgegen has been achieved with complete control of stereochemistry at C5. Both diastereoisomers at C8 were obtained, but neither proved to be the natural product. The comparison of the mass and FTIR spectral properties of the synthetic compounds to those of the natural material strongly suggest that the gross structure is correct and that the difference may be a branch in the C5 alkyl side-chain. The GC-retention times of the two synthetic compounds were markedly longer than that of the natural 5,9E-259B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nelson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland.
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Kobayashi S, Toyooka N, Zhou D, Tsuneki H, Wada T, Sasaoka T, Sakai H, Nemoto H, Garraffo HM, Spande TF, Daly JW. Flexible synthesis of poison-frog alkaloids of the 5,8-disubstituted indolizidine-class. II: Synthesis of (-)-209B, (-)-231C, (-)-233D, (-)-235B", (-)-221I, and an epimer of 193E and pharmacological effects at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2007; 3:30. [PMID: 21931443 PMCID: PMC2164953 DOI: 10.1186/1860-5397-3-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines constitute the largest class of poison-frog alkaloids. Some alkaloids have been shown to act as noncompetitive blockers at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors but the proposed structures and the biological activities of most of the 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines have not been determined because of limited supplies of the natural products. We have therefore conducted experiments to confirm proposed structures and determine biological activities using synthetic compounds. Recently, we reported that one of this class of alkaloids, (-)-235B', acts as a noncompetitive antagonist for α4β2 nicotinic receptors, and its sensitivity is comparable to that of the classical competitive antagonist for this receptor, dihydro-β-erythroidine. Results The enantioselective syntheses of (-)-209B, (-)-231C, (-)-233D, (-)-235B", (-)-221I, and what proved to be an epimer of natural 193E, starting from common chiral lactams have been achieved. When we performed electrophysiological recordings to examine the effects of the synthetic alkaloids on two major subtypes of nicotinic receptors (α4β2 and α7) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, (-)-231C effectively blocked α4β2 receptor responses (IC50 value, 1.5 μM) with a 7.0-fold higher potency than for blockade of α7 receptor responses. In contrast, synthetic (-)-221I and (-)-epi-193E were more potent in blocking α7 receptor responses (IC50 value, 4.4 μM and 9.1 μM, respectively) than α4β2 receptor responses (5.3-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively). Conclusion We achieved the total synthesis of (-)-209B, (-)-231C, (-)-233D, (-)-235B", (-)-221I, and an epimer of 193E starting from common chiral lactams, and the absolute stereochemistry of natural (-)-233D was determined. Furthermore, the relative stereochemistry of (-)-231C and (-)-221I was also determined. The present asymmetric synthesis of the proposed structure for 193E revealed that the C-8 configuration of natural 193E should be revised. The selectivity for α4β2 and α7 nicotinic receptors differed markedly for the 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines tested, and thus it appears that the nature of the side chains in these indolizidines is crucial with regard to subtype-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soushi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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Daly JW. Nicotinic Agonists, Antagonists, and Modulators From Natural Sources. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2005; 25:513-52. [PMID: 16075378 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-005-3968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. Acetylcholine receptors were initially defined as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on selective activation by two natural products, nicotine and muscarine. Several further nicotinic agonists have been discovered from natural sources, including cytisine, anatoxin, ferruginine, anabaseine, epibatidine, and epiquinamide. These have provided lead structures for the design of a wide range of synthetic agents. 2. Natural sources have also provided competitive nicotinic antagonists, such as the Erythrina alkaloids, the tubocurarines, and methyllycaconitine. Noncompetitive antagonists, such as the histrionicotoxins, various izidines, decahydroquinolines, spiropyrrolizidine oximes, pseudophrynamines, ibogaine, strychnine, cocaine, and sparteine have come from natural sources. Finally, galanthamine, codeine, and ivermectin represent positive modulators of nicotinic function, derived from natural sources. 3. Clearly, research on acetylcholine receptors and functions has been dependent on key natural products and the synthetic agents that they inspired.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Daly
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Barluenga J, Mateos C, Aznar F, Valdés C. A Straightforward and Versatile Synthetic Approach to 1-Azabicyclic Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2004; 69:7114-22. [PMID: 15471460 DOI: 10.1021/jo049003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A very straightforward route to 1-azabicyclo alkaloid scaffolds with several ring sizes is reported. The final bicyclic structures were built through a synthetic scheme that involved (i) the construction of dienic 4-piperidone systems by an imino-Diels-Alder reaction between aminotrienes and N-omega-vinylimines, in the presence of Yb(OTf)(3), and (ii) the ring-closing metathesis reaction of these cyclic dienes, under the influence of the first-generation Grubbs' Ru-complex catalyst. During this investigations, various polysubstituted azabicyclic ring skeletons, including several examples of the quinolizidine alkaloids, are reported, and their relative stereochemistry is adequately discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Barluenga
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Unidad asociada al C.S.I.C., Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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Tsuneki H, You Y, Toyooka N, Kagawa S, Kobayashi S, Sasaoka T, Nemoto H, Kimura I, Dani JA. Alkaloids indolizidine 235B', quinolizidine 1-epi-207I, and the tricyclic 205B are potent and selective noncompetitive inhibitors of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 66:1061-9. [PMID: 15258256 DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are key molecules in cholinergic transmission in the nervous system. Because of their structural complexity, only a limited number of subtype-specific agonists and antagonists are available to study nicotinic receptor functions. To overcome this limitation, we used voltageclamp recordings to examine the effects of several frog skin alkaloids on acetylcholine-elicited currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing major types of neuronal nicotinic receptors (alpha4beta2, alpha7, alpha3beta2, alpha3beta4, and alpha4beta4). We found that the 5,8-disubstituted indolizidine (-)-235B' acted as a potent noncompetitive blocker of alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors (IC50 = 74 nM). This effect was highly selective for alpha4beta2 receptors compared with alpha3beta2, alpha3beta4, and alpha4beta4 receptors. The inhibition of alpha4beta2 currents by (-)-235B' was more pronounced as the acetylcholine concentration increased (from 10 nM to 100 microM). Moreover, the blockade of alpha4beta2 currents by (-)-235B' was voltage-dependent (more pronounced at hyperpolarized potentials) and use-dependent, indicating that (-)-235B' behaves as an open-channel blocker of this receptor. Several other 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines (5-n-propyl-8-n-butylindolizidines), two 5,6,8-trisubstituted indolizidines ((-)-223A and (+)-6-epi-223A), and a 1,4-disubstituted quinolizidine ((+)-207I) were less potent than (-)-235B', and none showed selectivity for alpha4beta2 receptors. The quinolizidine (-)-1-epi-207I and the tricyclic (+)-205B had 8.7- and 5.4-fold higher sensitivity, respectively, for inhibition of the alpha7 nicotinic receptor than for inhibition of the alpha4beta2 receptor. These results show that frog alkaloids alter the function of nicotinic receptors in a subtype-selective manner, suggesting that an analysis of these alkaloids may aid in the development of selective drugs to alter nicotinic cholinergic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, 930-0194, Japan.
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Ma D, Pu X, Wang J. Efficient formal synthesis of the dendrobatid alkaloid, indolizidine (−)-209B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Takahata H, Takahashi S, Azer N, Eldefrawi AT, Eldefrawi ME. Total synthesis of pyrrolizidines 223H', 239K', 265H', and 267H' found in Madagascan frogs (Mantella) and their affinities for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1293-5. [PMID: 10866403 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of pyrrolizidines 223H', 239K', 265H', and 267H' has been achieved starting from 1,5-hexadiene via a common synthetic intermediate 5. The affinity of 1-4 for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takahata
- Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Japan.
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Interference of alkaloids with neuroreceptors and ion channels. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART B) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Takahata H, Kubota M, Ihara K, Okamoto N, Momose T, Azer N, Eldefrawi AT, Eldefrawi ME. New synthesis of all the four stereoisomers of indolizidine 209D and their affinity for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(98)00338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A new diastereoselective route to 5-substituted-8-methylindolizidines. Synthesis of indolizidine (−) 209B. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Badio B, Garraffo HM, Padgett WL, Greig NH, Daly JW. Pseudophrynaminol: a potent noncompetitive blocker of nicotinic receptor-channels. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 53:671-6. [PMID: 9113086 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(96)00878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(+/-)-Pseudophrynaminol inhibited carbamylcholine-elicited sodium-22 influx with an IC50 value of about 0.3 microM in both rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells (ganglionic-type nicotinic receptor) and human medulloblastoma TE671 cells (neuromuscular-type nicotinic receptor). The inhibition in both cell lines appeared to be noncompetitive in nature. In rat cerebral cortical membranes, pseudophrynaminol had only low affinity (Ki 35 microM) for the agonist site on central nicotinic receptors at which [3H]nicotine binds. Pseudophrynaminol, at 10 microM, had marginal effects on a variety of other central receptors, and even at 100 microM inhibited batrachotoxin-elicited sodium-22 influx in a synaptoneurosomal preparation by only 40%. It had no effect at 30 microM on acetylcholinesterase and was a weak inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase. Thus, pseudophrynaminol appears to be a potent, rather specific, noncompetitive inhibitor of ganglionic and neuromuscular nicotinic receptor-channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Badio
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Takahata H, Momose T. Chapter 3 Simple Indolizidine Alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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