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Luo Q, Chen J, Su Y, Wu P, Wang J, Fang Z, Luo F. Correlation between serum soluble ASGR1 concentration and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:142. [PMID: 37667265 PMCID: PMC10476293 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that loss-of-function mutations in hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) are associated with low levels of circulating cholesterol and a reduced risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). In contrast to ASGR1 on the hepatocyte membrane, serum soluble ASGR1 (sASGR1) is a secreted form that has been detected in circulation. However, the functions of serum sASGR1 are unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between human serum sASGR1 concentration and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. METHODS In a cohort of 134 participants who underwent coronary angiography examination, basic information was recorded, and blood samples were collected for biochemical testing. The serum sASGR1 concentration was determined by ELISA kits. The relationship between sASGR1 concentration and LDL-C levels was examined using linear regression models and interaction tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify clinical variables that affect sASGR1 levels. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, BMI, and statin use, the serum sASGR1 concentration was positively correlated with LDL-C levels (β = 0.093, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.14, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis and interaction tests showed that the effect of serum sASGR1 concentration on LDL-C levels was significantly influenced by hypertension status (P for interaction = 0.0067). The results of a multivariate linear regression analysis incorporating age, serum TG, LDL-C, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), white blood cell counts (WBCC), and fibrinogen revealed that LDL-C (β = 1.005, 95% CI: 0.35 to 1.66, P = 0.003) and WBCC (β = 0.787, 95% CI: 0.41 to 1.16, P < 0.0001) were independent influencing factors for serum sASGR1 levels. CONCLUSIONS The serum sASGR1 concentration was positively correlated with LDL-C levels. In addition, hypertension status significantly affected the effect of serum sASGR1 on LDL-C levels. This study provides some research ideas for clinical doctors and researchers, as well as some references for additional research on serum sASGR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingfei Chen
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingjie Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Panyun Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenfei Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Kamali K, Schmelzle M, Kamali C, Brunnbauer P, Splith K, Leder A, Berndt N, Hillebrandt KH, Raschzok N, Feldbrügge L, Felsenstein M, Gaßner J, Ritschl P, Lurje G, Schöning W, Benzing C, Pratschke J, Krenzien F. Sensing Acute Cellular Rejection in Liver Transplant Patients Using Liver-Derived Extracellular Particles: A Prospective, Observational Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647900. [PMID: 34025656 PMCID: PMC8131523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) after liver transplantation (LT) goes along with allograft dysfunction, which is diagnosed by liver biopsy and concomitant histological analysis, representing the gold standard in clinical practice. Yet, liver biopsies are invasive, costly, time-intensive and require expert knowledge. Herein we present substantial evidence that blood plasma residing peripheral liver-derived extracellular particles (EP) could be employed to diagnose ACR non-invasively. In vitro experiments showed organ-specific EP release from primary human hepatocytes under immunological stress. Secondly, analysis of consecutive LT patients (n=11) revealed significant heightened EP concentrations days before ACR. By conducting a diagnostic accuracy study (n = 69, DRKS00011631), we explored the viability of using EP as a liquid biopsy for diagnosing ACR following LT. Consequently, novel EP populations in samples were identified using visualization of t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (viSNE) and self-organizing maps (FlowSOM) algorithms. As a result, the ASGR1+CD130+Annexin V+ EP subpopulation exhibited the highest accuracy for predicting ACR (area under the curve: 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.90), with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 81.67-100.0%) and 68.5% (95% CI, 55.3-79.3%), respectively. In summary, this new EP subpopulation presented the highest diagnostic accuracy for detecting ACR in LT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Kamali
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmelzle
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Can Kamali
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Brunnbauer
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Splith
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Leder
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Berndt
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Hillebrandt
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Feldbrügge
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthäus Felsenstein
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph Gaßner
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Ritschl
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Lurje
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Schöning
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Benzing
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Hamledari H, Sajjadi SF, Alikhah A, Boroumand MA, Behmanesh M. ASGR1 but not FOXM1 expression decreases in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of diabetic atherosclerotic patients. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:539-546. [PMID: 31202960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ASGR1 was recently shown to play a key role in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), but its exact mechanism of action in the CAD pathogenesis is not yet known. This study evaluates the possible association between the expression level of ASGR1 and its downstream transcription factor FOXM1 in the inflammatory cells of peripheral blood (PBMC) and the pathogenesis of CAD in the Diabetic condition. METHODS Blood samples were taken from the candidates who had visited the Tehran Heart Center and had underwent diagnostic tests with respect to diabetes and CAD. The peripheral blood cells were harvested, RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized. The qRT-PCR was performed on 79 cDNA samples taken from 49 CAD+ patients and 30 CAD- patients. RESULTS In this study, we observed a significant decrease of ASGR1 expression in the PBMC of CAD+ patients compared to the CAD- patients. We did not identify any considerable differences in the expression of FOXM1 in patients' subgroups with respect to the diabetes and CAD. CONCLUSION The results of our study determine the association of ASGR1 expression and CAD pathogenesis. However, we do not know whether this result is the cause or the effect of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Hamledari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Sajjadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Alikhah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Europium labeled lactosylated albumin as a model workflow for the development of biotherapeutics. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 18:21-30. [PMID: 30844577 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactosylated albumin is currently used as a radiopharmaceutical agent to image the liver asialoglycoprotein receptors and quantify hepatic liver function in various diseases. A lactosylated protein (LACTAL) conjugate showed excellent liver uptake compared to non-lactosylated protein and a high signal to noise ratio, based on the biodistribution in mice using 99mTc-scintigraphy. However, in the laboratory, it is useful to have a method that can be used in daily practice to quantify cellular targeting or biodistribution. We propose a methodology from synthesis validation to pre-clinical demonstration and introduce a new practical detector (LACTAL.Eu) of the LACTAL molecule in biological media. We confirmed the purity and colloidal stability of the sample through physical analytical techniques, then showed the absence of in vitro toxicity of the agent and demonstrated in vitro targeting. Taking advantage of the fluorescence decay of the lanthanide, we performed measurements directly on the cell media without any further treatment. Finally, biodistribution in mice was confirmed by ex vivo measurements.
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Gao X, Zhu M, Fan H, Yang W, Ni W, Karnati VVR, Gao S, Carson J, Weston B, Wang B. A fluorescent bisboronic acid compound that selectively labels cells expressing oligosaccharide Lewis X. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2501-4. [PMID: 25956415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two fluorescent diboronic acid compounds (6a and 6b) with a dipeptide linker were synthesized as potential sensors for cell surface saccharide Lewis X (Le(X)). Compound 6a with a dipeptide (H-Asp-Ala-) as the linker was found to selectively label CHOFUT4 cells, which express Le(x), at micromolar concentrations, while non-Le(x)-expressing control cells were not labeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Haiying Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7220, USA
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Weijuan Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Vishnu V R Karnati
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shouhai Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - John Carson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7220, USA
| | - Brent Weston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7220, USA.
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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A novel hypothesis for an alkaline phosphatase 'rescue' mechanism in the hepatic acute phase immune response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2044-56. [PMID: 23899605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The liver isoform of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (AP) has been used classically as a serum biomarker for hepatic disease states such as hepatitis, steatosis, cirrhosis, drug-induced liver injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have demonstrated a more general anti-inflammatory role for AP, as it is capable of dephosphorylating potentially deleterious molecules such as nucleotide phosphates, the pathogenic endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the contact clotting pathway activator polyphosphate (polyP), thereby reducing inflammation and coagulopathy systemically. Yet the mechanism underlying the observed increase in liver AP levels in circulation during inflammatory insults is largely unknown. This paper hypothesizes an immunological role for AP in the liver and the potential of this system for damping generalized inflammation along with a wide range of ancillary pathologies. Based on the provided framework, a mechanism is proposed in which AP undergoes transcytosis in hepatocytes from the canalicular membrane to the sinusoidal membrane during inflammation and the enzyme's expression is upregulated as a result. Through a tightly controlled, nucleotide-stimulated negative feedback process, AP is transported in this model as an immune complex with immunoglobulin G by the asialoglycoprotein receptor through the cell and secreted into the serum, likely using the receptor's State 1 pathway. The subsequent dephosphorylation of inflammatory stimuli by AP and uptake of the circulating immune complex by endothelial cells and macrophages may lead to decreased inflammation and coagulopathy while providing an early upstream signal for the induction of a number of anti-inflammatory gene products, including AP itself.
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Roggenbuck D, Mytilinaiou MG, Lapin SV, Reinhold D, Conrad K. Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR): a peculiar target of liver-specific autoimmunity. AUTO- IMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2012; 3:119-25. [PMID: 26000135 PMCID: PMC4389076 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-012-0041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) autoantibodies have been considered specific markers of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The exact mechanisms responsible for the development of these autoantibodies and leading to autoimmunity to this peculiar liver receptor remain elusive. Furthermore, loss of T cell tolerance to ASGPR has been demonstrated in patients with AIH, but it is poorly understood whether such liver-specific T cell responses bear a pathogenic potential and/or participate in the precipitation of AIH. Newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays have led to the investigation of the sensitivity and specificity of anti-ASGPR antibodies for AIH. The present review provides an overview of the diagnostic and clinical relevance of anti-ASGPR antibodies. A thorough investigation of the autoreactivity against ASGPR may assist efforts to understand liver autoimmunity in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Roggenbuck
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Großenhainer Str. 57, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
- GA Generic Assays GmbH, 15827 Dahlewitz/Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria G. Mytilinaiou
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sergey V. Lapin
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diagnostics, St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Rigopoulou EI, Roggenbuck D, Smyk DS, Liaskos C, Mytilinaiou MG, Feist E, Conrad K, Bogdanos DP. Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) as target autoantigen in liver autoimmunity: lost and found. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:260-9. [PMID: 22571878 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) has attracted the attention of liver immunologists for many years. This liver-specific lectin was found to be a major B and T cell autoantigenic target in patients with autoimmune liver diseases, and in particular in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This review discusses the biological significance of ASGPR and its relevance to the pathogenesis of autoimmune and virus-triggered liver diseases. We also discuss emerging data on the diagnostic and clinical relevance of anti-ASGPR antibodies in light of recent reports based on commercially available anti-ASGPR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Finally, we critically revisit the data reporting on disease-specific cellular immune responses against ASGPR and their relevance in relation to the pathogenesis of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini I Rigopoulou
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly Medical School, Viopolis 41110, Larissa, Greece.
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de Graaf W, Bennink RJ, Heger M, Maas A, de Bruin K, van Gulik TM. Quantitative Assessment of Hepatic Function During Liver Regeneration in a Standardized Rat Model. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:294-302. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.078360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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11
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Yang W, Fan H, Gao X, Gao S, Karnati VVR, Ni W, Hooks WB, Carson J, Weston B, Wang B. The First Fluorescent Diboronic Acid Sensor Specific for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Expressing Sialyl Lewis X. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 11:439-48. [PMID: 15123238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigens with subterminal fucosylation have been implicated in the development and progression of several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fluorescent sensors targeting fucosylated carbohydrate antigens could potentially be used for diagnostic and other applications. We have designed and synthesized a series of 26 diboronic acid compounds as potential fluorescent sensors for such carbohydrates. Among these compounds, 7q was able to fluorescently label cells expressing high levels of sLex (HEPG2) within a concentration range of 0.5 to 10 microM. This compound (7q) did not label cells expressing Lewis Y (HEP3B), nor cells without fucosylated antigens (COS7). This represents the first example of a fluorescent compound labeling cells based on cell surface carbohydrate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 33 Gilmer Street S.E., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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12
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Sugahara K, Togashi H, Takahashi K, Onodera Y, Sanjo M, Misawa K, Suzuki A, Adachi T, Ito J, Okumoto K, Hattori E, Takeda T, Watanabe H, Saito K, Saito T, Sugai Y, Kawata S. Separate analysis of asialoglycoprotein receptors in the right and left hepatic lobes using Tc-GSA SPECT. Hepatology 2003; 38:1401-9. [PMID: 14647051 DOI: 10.1016/j.hep.2003.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) is abundantly expressed on the sinusoidal surfaces of hepatocytes. We aimed to clarify the clinical significance of the regional distribution of ASGPRs in the human liver, especially in chronic viral hepatitis. Eighteen volunteers, 34 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 33 patients with cirrhosis (11/Child-Pugh A, 11/Child-Pugh B, 11/Child-Pugh C) were studied using a newly developed, conventional technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin ((99m)Tc-GSA), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) method. Using Cantlie's line as a guide, ASGPR dynamics were analyzed separately in the right and left lobes, as well as in the whole liver, using novel indices (the liver uptake ratio [LUR] and the liver uptake density [LUD], which reflect the amount and density of ASGPRs in the liver, respectively). Mean LUR and LUD values for the whole liver and the right and left lobes decreased with increasing progression of chronic viral hepatitis. The LUR for the whole liver correlated well with parameters measuring the hepatic functional reserve and the platelet count. The right LUR correlated particularly well with conventional liver function tests, and comparison of the right LUD with histologic findings showed that it was a good indicator of periportal and/or bridging necrosis and fibrosis. In conclusion, our (99m)Tc-GSA SPECT method was clinically useful in evaluating regional hepatic function and the progression of chronic viral hepatitis using dynamic changes in ASGPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Sugahara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Therapeutics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Malaty HM, Kim JG, El-Zimaity HM, Graham DY. High prevalence of duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer in dyspeptic patients in Korea. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997; 32:751-4. [PMID: 9282964 DOI: 10.3109/00365529708996529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer are both related to Helicobacter pylori infection, they are mutually exclusive diseases such that patients with a history of duodenal ulcer have a markedly reduced risk of developing gastric cancer. It has been hypothesized that different strains of H. pylori may be related to the different diseases. Our aim was to study the prevalence of duodenal ulcer disease and gastric cancer in dyspeptic patients in South Korea, a country with a high incidence of gastric cancer. METHODS The study population consisted of consecutive patients between the ages of 20 and 81 years referred to Guro Hospital's Endoscopic Unit for evaluation of dyspepsia. Patients with a history of peptic ulcer or gastric cancer were excluded. Each patient underwent endoscopy and completed a detailed questionnaire. Peptic ulcer was defined as the presence of an active ulcer, red scar, or white scar. RESULTS One thousand patients were evaluated, and 867 (43% men and 57% women) met the entry criteria. The prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer were 24% and 7%, respectively. Among peptic ulcer patients, duodenal ulcer was commoner (75%) than gastric ulcer or coexistent duodenal and gastric ulcer (21% and 4%, respectively). The mean age of duodenal and gastric ulcer patients (45 +/- 14 and 48 +/- 12 years, respectively) was significantly lower than that of gastric cancer patients (59 +/- 11 years) (P < 0.01). Only 44 (7%) of the 597 remaining patients had definite endoscopic abnormalities (for example, erosive esophagitis, duodenitis, or pyloric deformity). CONCLUSION Gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer were prevalent diagnoses among Korean patients undergoing endoscopy for evaluation of dyspepsia. Korea may be the ideal country to investigate the relation between specific H. pylori strains and different H. pylori diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Malaty
- Dept. of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Marks WH, Ma Y, Yirdaw G, Florence L. Asialoglycoprotein/asialoglycoprotein receptor (AGP-AGPr) interaction is an important mechanism for the uptake of FK506 by hepatocytes. Transplantation 1997; 63:293-8. [PMID: 9020333 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199701270-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic tissue concentrations of FK506 have been correlated with early acute rejection following liver transplantation. Asialoglycoproteins (AGP) reputedly bind FK506 in blood. AGP are removed from the circulation by the liver via the AGP receptor (AGPr), which resides on hepatocytes. This study was undertaken to determine if the AGP-AGPr mechanism enhances the delivery of FK506 to hepatocytes. Human orosomucoid (OM) was used as a representative AGP. asialoOM (aOM) was prepared by desialation of OM. Fresh rat hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion. Tritium labeled FK506 (FK) was used to identify and quantitate FK506. Quantitation of FK in serum and culture media was by direct counting. FK in animal tissues used a method developed in our laboratory for the purpose. AGPr on resting hepatocytes was demonstrated by flow cytometry using FITC-orosomucoid and FITC-BSA controls. AGPr were enhanced by 2 g glucose/L. Two serum FK-binding fractions, 44 kD and 15 kD, were identified by gel filtration. Exogenous OM avidly bound FK and displaced FK activity from the 15 kD fraction. Serum (1%) and the 44 kD fraction enhanced the uptake of FK by hepatocytes, while serum depleted of OM-aOM by affinity chromatography was only 72.5% as effective as control serum; aOM enhanced the uptake of FK by hepatocytes to a degree similar to that of control serum but OM did not significantly affect the uptake of FK. Cold FK506 blocked the uptake and was dose dependent; cold CsA had no effect. Affinity extraction of OM from serum to which FK had previously been added removed 28.4% of FK activity. Following i.v. infusion, the kidney had the highest and liver the lowest tissue concentration of FK at 1 hr and 3 hr. In contrast, after oral administration the liver had the highest concentrations of the other tissues tested. The AGP-AGPr mechanism plays a significant role in the delivery of FK506 to hepatocytes and is likely responsible for the differences in bioavailability observed after oral and i.v. administration. Factors governing the AGP-AGPr mechanism are germane to understanding both the efficacy and toxicity of FK506 and the development optimal therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Marks
- Laboratory for Transplantation Biology and Organ Transplant Program, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
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Inui N, Kato J, Kohgo Y, Katsuki S, Niitsu Y. Detection of activity in the conditioned medium of ethanol-treated HepG2 cells which stimulates collagen synthesis in IMR-90 cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996; 20:63A-65A. [PMID: 8659693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis often occurs in alcoholic liver diseases without accompanying tissue necrosis or inflammation. However, the precise mechanism of this fibrosis has not been fully clarified. In the present study, using the hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 as a model for hepatocytes, we identified a factor that stimulates collagen synthesis of fibroblasts in a conditioned medium of HepG2 cells after treatment with ethanol. Type 1 procollagen peptide (PIC) in a culture of human fibroblast IMR-90 markedly increased after incubation with the conditioned medium of ethanol-treated HepG2 cells. The stimulating activity on the production of PIC by IMR-90 remained after the dialysis and evaporation of the conditioned medium of HepG2 cells, indicating this factor was not as volatile from low molecular substances such as acetaldehyde, acetate, or lactate. The activity of this factor diminished with heat or trypsin treatment. A gel chromatographic analysis disclosed that the molecular weight of this factor was approximately 8000 Da. These results suggest that a polypeptide factor secreted from HepG2 cells by treatment with ethanol stimulates collagen synthesis of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Inui
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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